Literacy and Numeracy

Education NKRA Lab

CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY

Any use of this material without specific permission is strictly prohibited

Introduction to Literacy and Numeracy sub-NKRA

NKRA Widening access to quality and affordable education

NKPI 3.2:
Every child* will be able to acquire basic
literacy and numeracy skills after 3 years
of mainstream primary education by the
end of 2012.
*For the special needs students - defined as students with
learning disabilities, hearing impaired, speech impaired,
visually impaired, mentally retarded, multiple disabilities and
physically disabled, a special literacy and numeracy curriculum
has been designed.

CONFIDENTIAL

Rationale why Literacy and Numeracy was chosen as a sub-NKRA/NKPI

Literacy and numeracy are basic skills needed to prepare

students for the next level of education
Literacy and numeracy skills are implicit in the basic right to
education
A sizable population of students in Malaysia still do not have
basic literacy and numeracy skills

54,000 Year 1 students without basic literacy skills from KIA2M

in 2008

117,000 Year 4 students without basic numeracy skills from

PROTIM in 2008
To eradicate drop-out rate due to inability to cope in mainstream
education
The drop-out rate for Malaysia was 31,939 in 2008 (primary and
secondary levels)

CONFIDENTIAL

Current National Literacy and Numeracy Standards

Number of students who have not
reached targeted literacy standards
by end of Year 1 (% in brackets)

Number of Year 4 students who

have not reached targeted
numeracy standards (% in brackets)
117,024
(24%)

100,000

100,000

80,000

80,000

60,000

50,253
(11%)

51,486
(10%)

54,272
(13%)

60,000

40,000

40,000

20,000

20,000

0
2006

2007

PROTIM started
in 2008
2006

2008

2007

2008

SOURCE: KIA2M for literacy rates and PROTIM for numeracy rates
CONFIDENTIAL

We aspire to get almost 60,000 students to be literate by 2012

Low illiteracy
Medium illiteracy
High illiteracy

Number of Year 5 students without basic literacy skills in 2009

(Percentage of total students without literacy skills nationwide)
437(0.7%)

5,767(9.6%)
5,022(8.4%)

Perlis

3,402 (5.8%)

Kelantan

Pulau Pinang

3,999(6.7%)

115 ( 0.2%)

Kedah

2,151(3.6%)
Perak
W.P. Labuan

Terengganu

9,252(15.4%)

3,414(5.7%)
Selangor

6829(11.4%)

Pahang

2,761(4.6%)
1,036(1.7%)

5,508(9.2%)

682 (1.1%)

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

W.P. Putrajaya
Negeri Sembilan Melaka

Sabah

Sarawak

Johor

Total No. Of
Students in PROTIM (2M)
~ 59,950

64 ( 0.1%)
9,511(15.9%)

SOURCE: PROTIM Scores for 2M, 2009

CONFIDENTIAL

District with the Most Number of Illiterate Students for selected states

States

Kedah

Kelantan

Negeri
Sembilan

Johor

Sarawak

Number
of illiterate
students

% of total illiterate students

in the state

Kuala Muda/Yan

870

22.0

Kota Setar

721

18.2

Kulim Bandar Bharu

709

17.9

Kuala Krai

446

19.4

Tanah Merah/Jeli

672

19.1

Bachok

505

18.0

Seremban

907

43.1

Jempol/Jelebu

477

22.7

Port Dickson

310

14.7

Pasir Gudang

934

17.9

Johor Bharu

895

17.1

Batu Pahat

739

14.1

Miri

807

11.4

Kuching

743

10.5

Padawan

655

9.2

District

CONFIDENTIAL

PPD will need

to understand
the root causes
behind the low
literacy rates in
these districts
and come up
with a tailored
intervention
strategy

What is LINUS Programme?

LINUS is an acronym for Literacy and Numeracy Screening

LINUS is a remedial programme designed to ensure
students acquire basic literacy (Bahasa Malaysia) and
numeracy skills at the end of 3 years of primary education
LINUS is targeted at students who have difficulties in 3Rs
i.e. Reading, wRiting and aRithmetic

CONFIDENTIAL

Screening 1 (March)

Literacy Targets for 2010-2012

Screening 2 (June)
Screening 3 (Sept)

100

87 88 90

91 93 95

97 99 100

80
60
40
20
0

2010

2011

2012

Initial Stage (Year 1)

Programme Stabilises (Year 2)

Year 3

A moderate 3% increase from

87% in 2009 to 90% by the
end of 2010

Expect larger improvements

and targeted to reach 95%
(5% increase) by the end
of 2011

CONFIDENTIAL

Expect all students to be able

to acquire literacy skills and to
reach the target of 100%
literate (5% increase) by the
end of 2012

Screening 1 (March)

Numeracy targets for 2010-2012

Screening 2 (June)
Screening 3 (Sept)

100
80

77

90

85

95
91 93

100
96 98

60
40
20
0

2010

2011

2012

Initial Stage (Year 1)

Programme Stabilises (Year 2)

Year 3

13% increase from 77% in

2009 to 90% by the end of
2010
Significant jump expected as
numeracy skills required for
Year 1 is less complex

Improvement and targeted to

reach 95% (5% increase) by
the end of 2011

CONFIDENTIAL

Expect all students to be able

to acquire numeracy skills and
reach the target of 100%
numerate (5% increase) by the
end of 2012

Definition of Basic Literacy and Numeracy under LINUS programme

Basic Literacy
Ability to read, write and understand words, simple and complex sentences (using conjunctions) in Bahasa Malaysia and
apply such knowledge in learning and everyday communication
Skill

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Able to read,
write and
understand

Minimum of 500 simple

common words
Simple sentences

Minimum of 800 simple

common words
Simple & compound sentences
with conjunctions

Minimum of 1000 simple

common words
Simple & compound sentences
with conjunctions in short
paragraphs

Basic Numeracy
Ability to solve basic mathematical operations, understand the idea of simple mathematics and able to apply mathematical
skills in everyday life
Skill

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Read, write, count

and arrange
(in order) whole
numbers

Numbers up to 50

Numbers up to 100

Numbers up to 1000

Basic Operations

Basic facts for addition and

subtraction

Basic facts for addition and

subtraction, multiplication
(for 2, 5 & 10) and division
(for 2, 5 & 10)

Basic facts for addition and

subtraction, multiplication (for
3,4,6,7,8 & 9) and division (for
3,4,6,7,8 & 9)

Application

Count money up to RM 10
State time of day
Measure length of objects in
relative units

Count money up to RM 50
State time in hours on an
analogue clock
Measure length of objects in
correct units

Count money up to RM 100

State time in hours on an
analogue clock
Measure length of objects in
correct units (in cm only)

SOURCE: BPK 2009

CONFIDENTIAL

LINUS programme screening process

Year 1
Screening 1
(March)
No

Yes
No
LINUS

Special
needs
students

Screening 2
(June)
Yes
No

Medical
No Assessment No

Yes
No
LINUS

Main
stream
education

Screening 3
(September)
No

Yes
No
LINUS
Year 2

CONFIDENTIAL

10

LINUS programme is different from previous efforts

1

Program will focus on early intervention (Year 1 3) for both literacy and
numeracy skills. Previous programs either only focused on literacy skills
(KIA2M) or only in Years 4-6 (Protim)

Reduced remedial teacher to student ratio to 1:15 from

currently 1 per school

Nurses in schools to identify students who require tailored special needs

programmes

Management and supervision is decentralised to District Education

Office & monitored by the School Inspectorates. Previously, this was done by
the MOE

Best performing teachers will now be allocated to Year 1 and 2

i.e., LINUS program. (Not just exam year, i.e. Year 6)

Professional support for LINUS teachers via dedicated facilitators

(FasiLINUS)

CONFIDENTIAL

11

We have identified several factors which will be critical to the success

of the LINUS programme
Success Factors
Remedial Teachers (1:15 students)
Establishment of FasiLINUS (1:20 schools)
Nurse in schools (1:700 students)
Enhancement of Teachers Pedagogical Skills through
In-service and pre-service training.
All schools must participate unconditionally in LINUS
Programme.

CONFIDENTIAL

12

Currently, we plan to increase the number of remedial teachers to ensure

sufficient coverage for students
From

To

Under KIA2M

Proposed under LINUS programme

1:1

Ratio of remedial teacher to

schools

~7000

Remedial teachers currently

Example:
SK Seri Permai
Gua Musang

1 teacher for 59
students in Year 2
remedial classes

1:15
+ 3,246

Ratio of remedial teacher to

students. This ratio allows for 1:4
ratio per session (4 sessions daily)
Additional remedial teachers
required for LINUS programme

4 remedial teachers
for 59 students in
LINUS

CONFIDENTIAL

13

We plan to place nurses permanently in schools, to assess children with

disabilities and special learning needs

Currently, nurses come to schools once annually to conduct normal

health check-up. Therefore, special needs children are not identified,
unless teachers refer these cases to the parents

Plan to place nurses in schools, with the ratio of 1 nurse for every
700 students

Nurses will conduct the following work at the schools:

Test eyesight, hearing and normal health check-up
Nurse will monitor children identified as potential candidate for
special needs programme (e.g., dyslexia)

Current situation

Proposed solution

Referrals to doctors for specific cases

Other medical duties
Implications

2,100 new posts to be created

RM 71.8 million emolument and RM13.6 million
equipment cost for 5 years

CONFIDENTIAL

14

We plan to enhance teachers pedagogical skills to ensure various

learning strategies for effective learning

Currently, the number of teachers who are experts in teaching basic

literacy and numeracy are limited. Thus, we need to train teachers
various teaching styles and techniques to enhance students learning

Plan to conduct professional training courses for LINUS and remedial

teachers in teaching literacy and numeracy

Training should include:

Incorporating various pedagogical methods
Enhancing teaching skills using technology

Current situation

Proposed solution

Providing a variety of teaching and learning resources

Exposing to best practices in teaching basic literacy and numeracy

Reengineering of in-service and pre service training

Implications

Findings from Nationwide Poll (2009) by TNS international research:

69% of respondents suggested that improving teacher quality
should be a priority for the government
30% of respondents suggested that improving students outcomes in
primary education should be a priority for the government

CONFIDENTIAL

This solution needs a

change of mindset among
teacher trainers and
teachers

15

We plan to establish at the PPD level, a group of FasiLINUS, who will play
a prominent role in ensuring success at the district level
Who are they?

What is their
role?

Good experienced teachers (jurulatih utama) who are based at each of the 154 PPDs
About 884 new FasiLINUS required, with minimum of 4, and maximum of 12 per
PPD
Ratio of roughly 1 FasiLINUS per 20 schools

Advice state for deployment of remedial teachers

Dissemination of LINUS programme to Head Teachers and Teachers
Coaching and mentoring of LINUS programme
Capacity building of remedial teachers, other teachers, and schools administrators
Helping schools prepare corrective action plans

Case study: Brazil (state)

Goal

Approach

Result

Obtain 100% literacy by

2010, for ~300 thousand
children in 2500 schools

Creating and preparing a

central and regional team to
visit and support all schools

CONFIDENTIAL

1,500 central and regional

educational analysts trained
in supporting teachers
across 2,450 schools (1 to
1.6 schools)
Jump in literacy rates from
25% to 75% in short span

16

We need to ensure SJKC and SJKT students able to read and write in
Bahasa Malaysia

There were 28,198 students (20081) from SJKC and SJKT who were
placed in Remove Classes in Form 1. These students were
considered weak in Bahasa Malaysia. At present, there is an
inadequate number of Bahasa Malaysia teachers and remedial
teachers in SJKC, especially Chinese teachers whose option is
Bahasa Malaysia

Suitably qualified Bahasa Malaysia teachers will be provided by MOE

and accepted by these schools to fill the vacancies to teach this
subject in schools

Bahasa Malaysia must be upheld as the national language in all

schools, in parallel with emphasis on mother tongue languages

Communication to school and public will be managed, emphasizing

the literacy and numeracy support offered to ensure acceptance by all
parties

Current situation

Proposed solution

Implications

1 Data as of June 2008: EPRD, MOE

SOURCE: Education Lab
CONFIDENTIAL

17

LINUS: Management & Administration

BPK

Secretariat for LINUS Programme

Development of LINUS Curriculum, T&L modules

BPG

Teacher Training In-service & Pre service, training modules

LPM
JNJK

Development of Screening Instrument

Development of Monitoring Instrument, Monitoring, Supervision & Assessment
Deployment of Remedial teachers
Special Education Needs
Form cooperation with MOH, Welfare Department, JHEOA

MOE

BPKhas
BPSH

JPN

PPD

School

School & LINUS Data Management, LINUS awareness programme/

road shows promotion materials brochures, electronic media

Deployment of Teachers

Implement FasiLINUS initiative

Implement LINUS Programme LINUS teachers (Bahasa Malaysia & Mathematics);

Coordination of Monitoring, Supervision & Assessment Activities at State Level

Facilitate LINUS Programme (assist teachers, plan, monitor, supervise, assess LINUS
Programme)
Build linkages with parents, community, NGOs
Build smart partnerships with universities & private sector

1 Data as of June 2008: EPRD, MOE

SOURCE: Education Lab
CONFIDENTIAL

18

Delivery chain for LINUS programme

MOE
(NKRA)

BPK
Curriculum div

BPG

LPM

JNJK

BPKhas

BPSH

Training div

Exam div

Inspectorate

Special ed.

School div

State education
offices (SEO)

MOH
Min. of Health

JHEOA
Dept. of Orang
Asli

Parents
Community
NGOs
Universities
Private sectors

District Education
Offices (DEO)
FasiLINUS

Dept. of
Welfare

Schools
Head Teachers
LINUS Teachers
Remedial Teachers

CONFIDENTIAL

19

6 Strategies for the Implementation of LINUS Programme

1

Screening of Students
(Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3)

2 Development of Materials

LINUS Programme
(Literacy and
Numeracy Screening)

Enhancement of Teachers
Pedagogical Skill

Awareness Programmes for

Schools and Community

Monitoring, Supervision &

Evaluation

Establishment of
FasiLINUS

CONFIDENTIAL

20

Strategy 1: Screening for Students in Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3

Screening for students in Year 1 (2010) will be

conducted in March, June and September
Health screening to identify children with special needs
Students who do not achieve the screening target will
be placed in the LINUS Programme
Students who are identified with learning disabilities will
be channeled to special education classes

CONFIDENTIAL

21

Strategy 1 Development of Screening Materials

Lead agency

LPM
Dr. Jamil Adimin

Action Plan

Target Date

Development of screening instrument

Instrument Year 1
Instrument Year 2
Instrument Year 3
Quality control
Instrument Year 1
Instrument Year 2
Instrument Year 3
Validation
Instrument Year 1
Instrument Year 2
Instrument Year 3
Printing & distribution of screening instrument
Materials
Year 1
Printing & distribution of screening instrument
Materials
Year 2
Printing & distribution of screening instrument
Materials
Year 3

Output/outcome

Instrument developed

Instrument piloted

Instrument validated

Materials delivered to schools

Materials delivered to schools

Materials delivered to schools

Oct 22, 2009

May 1,2010
May 1, 2011
Nov 13, 2009
Jun 1, 2010
Jun 1, 2011
Dec 3, 2009
July 1, 2010
July 1, 2011
Jan1 30,2010
May 1- 31,2010
Aug 1-31, 2010
Jan 1-30, 2011
May1 - 31 2011
Aug 1-31, 2011
Jan 1-31, 2012
May 1-31, 2012
Aug 1-31, 2012

CONFIDENTIAL

22

Strategy 2: Development of Teaching & Learning Materials

Development of Learning Modules

Development of Teachers Guide

CONFIDENTIAL

23

Strategy 2 Development of Teaching and Learning Materials

Lead agency

BPK
En. Mohd Fauzan Hamzah (Literacy)
En. Mazlan bin Awi (Numeracy)

Action Plan

Target Date

Output/outcome

Oct 15, 2009

Aug 19,2010
May 1, 2011

Modules developed

Oct 29, 2009

Sep 9, 2010
Jun 1, 2011

Modules piloted

Nov 12, 2009

Oct 8, 2010
July 1, 2011

Modules validated

Feb 28, 2010

Modules delivered to schools

Printing & distribution of Modules

Year 2

Nov 30, 2010

Modules delivered to schools

Printing & distribution of Modules

Year 3

Jan 31, 2012

Modules delivered to schools

Development of teaching and learning modules

Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Refinement of Modules
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Quality control
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Printing & distribution of Modules
Year 1

CONFIDENTIAL

24

Strategy 3: Enhancement of Teachers Pedagogical Skills

In-service Training for Teachers

LINUS programme
Enhancement of Pedagogical Skills
Insitu Training at Schools and District Levels
Pre service Training
Revised of curriculum to include T&L of
literacy and numeracy
Work shops on Add On Module

CONFIDENTIAL

25

Strategy 3 Enhancement of Teachers Pedagogical Skills

Lead agency

BPG (Development of Training Modules, In-service and Pre-service Teacher Training)

En. Roomainoor Rabbu (Development of Training Modules & In-service Teacher Training)
Dr. Kartini bt Baharom (Pre-service Teacher Training)

Action Plan

Target Date

Output/outcome

1. Development of Training Modules

Development

Oct 10, 2009

Training module

Quality Control

Nov 13, 2009

Training module piloted

Validation

Nov 19, 2009

Validated training module

Nov 26, 2009

Dec 12, 2009
Mac Dec, 2010

60 teachers trained
800 teachers trained
Discussions (4 times)

16000 teachers trained

Recorded T&L Best Practices

2. In-service Teacher Training

Training of trainers National Level
Training of trainers State Level
Discussions with State Education Offices
Teacher training
Phase 1
Phase 2
Recordings of Best Practices in LINUS

Support Programmes (In-situ)

2. Pre-service Teacher Training

Revised of curriculum to include T&L of
literacy and numeracy
Work shops on Add On Module

Jan 28, 2010

Feb 25, 2010
Aug, 2010
Feb, 2011
May-Jun, 2010

154 support programmes

May-June, 2010

Revised curriculum

May 31, 2010

Number of work shops

CONFIDENTIAL

26

Strategy 4: Awareness Programme for Schools and Community

Dissemination of Information on LINUS

to Schools and Community
Dissemination of Brochures on LINUS
Programme to the Public
Promotion of LINUS Programme to the
Public

Exhibitions
Mass media (e.g.: Newspapers, Radio
& Television, Eduweb)

Literacy & Numeracy Day in Schools

CONFIDENTIAL

27

Strategy 4 Schools and Community Awareness Programme

Lead agency

BPSH
En. Bilezan Bahgdadi

Action Plan

Target Date

Output/outcome

7,669 head teachers

15,000 Head teachers
and parents
154 SEDs & DEOs

1. Dissemination of Information on LINUS to

Schools and community

Discourse with Head Teachers

Discourse with PTA
Discourse with SEDs & DEOs

Jan 31,2010

March 31,2010

Dec 2009-2012

Jan 7, 2010

Brochures printed and

distributed

Dec 18, 2009

Mac 31,2010

Well-informed public
Well-informed public

2. Dissemination of Brochures on LINUS

Programme to the Public

Print & Distribute LINUS Brochures

3. Promotion of LINUS Programme to the

Public

Open house
Literacy and numeracy day in schools
Publish information on LINUS programme
through newspapers, radio & television,
Eduweb)

Feb 28, 2010

CONFIDENTIAL

Well-informed public

28

Strategy 5: Monitoring, Supervision and Evaluation

Development of Monitoring Instrument

Teaching and Learning Methodology

Students Assessment
Management of LINUS in School

Monitoring and Supervision

Schools
Teacher Training Institutes
Evaluation of LINUS Programme

Evaluation Research

CONFIDENTIAL

29

Strategy 5 Monitoring, Supervision and Evaluation (School Inspectorates)

Lead agency

JNJK
Pn. Dayang Rositer

Action Plan

Target Date

Output/outcome

1. Development of Monitoring Instrument

Development Instrument and briefing on Data entry

Feb 26, 2010

and analysis

Briefings on Monitoring Process

Apr 15, 2010

2. Monitoring and supervision

Monitoring (8% of 8,000 Schools = 640 Schools)
Phase 1 (6 zones)

May 14, 2010

Instrument for monitoring

150 MOE personnel
640 schools

Sep 17, 2010

Phase 2 (6 zones)
3. Evaluation of LINUS programme

Workshops on Data Analysis on Screening & Monitoring

Phase 1 (6 zones)
Phase 2 (6 zones)

Report Writing

May 28, 2010

Analyzed Data

Sept 24, 2010

Phase 1 ( 6 zones)

Jun 5, 2010

Phase 2 (6 zones)

Oct 8, 2010

CONFIDENTIAL

Monitoring report

30

Strategy 6: Establishment of FasiLINUS

Teacher Deployment

FasiLINUS Capacity Building

Dissemination of LINUS to Head Teachers and
Teachers
Coaching and mentoring by FasiLINUS

Professional Support Action Plan

CONFIDENTIAL

31

Strategy 6 Establishment of FasiLINUS

Lead
agency

PPD Seberang Perai Tengah: Tn Hj Khalid Ahmad

Action Plan

Target Date

Output/outcome

Special Task Force Meeting

Nov 12,2009
Jan 15, 2010

Strategic plan on implementation of

Dec 31, 2009

Dec 31, 2010

884 teachers

Jan 31, 2010

Mac 30, 2010
Jun 30, 2010
Dec 31,2010

Teacher Deployment to replace FasiLINUS

FasiLINUS Capacity Building

Dissemination of LINUS Programme to Head

Feb 28, 2010

FasiLINUS

221 FasiLINUS trained

221 FasiLINUS trained
221 FasiLINUS trained
221 FasiLINUS trained
23 000 Head teachers and teachers

Teachers and teachers

Coaching and mentoring

Apr-Dec, 2010

Monitoring and supervision Screening Process 1, 2 & 3 Mac , Jun and

Sept 2010-12

Management of Screening Data (Screening 1, 2 & 3)

LINUS Audit Meeting with Head Teachers (1, 2 & 3)

Professional Support Action Plan
Teacher Capacity Building

15 338 LINUS teachers monitored

Number of students for LINUS
programme

Mac-Apr
Jun-July
Aug-Sept
2010-12

Clean Data obtained

May 31, 2009

Aug 31, 2009
Oct 30,2009

7669 Head Teachers

Apr-Dec,2010
CONFIDENTIAL

15 338 LINUS teachers trained

32

Financial requirement for LINUS programme submitted to EPU

Activities
Screening Instrument
Cohort 1
Cohort 2
Cohort 3
Development of Learning & Training
Modules
Cohort 1
Cohort 2
Cohort 3
Enhancement of
Teachers Pedagogical Skill
Cohort 1
Cohort 2
Cohort 3
Awareness Programmes
for Parents and Community
Cohort 1
Cohort 2
Cohort 3
Monitoring & Supervision
Assessment, Data Mgmt System
Cohort 1
Cohort 2
Cohort 3
Total

Total

2009 (RM)

2010 (RM)

2011 (RM)

2012 (RM)

279,200.00
-

12,117,305.00
-

9,600,352.00
8,704,172.00
-

397,200.00
-

7,933,870.00
-

6,538,225.00
7,243,730.00
-

2,919,357.00
3,243,730.00

4,233,755.00
4,704,172.00

776,200.00
-

9,579,780.00
-

8,085,400.00
7,961,846.00
-

8,085,400.00
3,961,400.00
1,900,800.00

699,000.00
-

619,500.00
-

885,000.00
533,650.00
-

885,000.00
433,650.00
270,000.00

391,600.00
-

1,749,545.00
-

3,309,300.00
1,138,325.00
-

2,309,300.00
1,131,557.00
1,921,879.00

32,000,000.00*

54,000,000.00

36,000,000.00

2,543,200.00*

RM 124,543,200.00

* Approved
CONFIDENTIAL

33

LINUS programme additional operational budget

Activities

2010 (RM)

2011 (RM)

Establishment of
FasiLINUS (1:20 = 884)

36,332,400

Laptops for FasiLINUS

one off (882 x 5,000)

4,420,000

2012 (RM)

Priority

36,332,400

36,332,400

High

39,111,600

78,223,200

115,414,776

High

Nurse in School
(420 nurses/year)

14,359,8671

28,719,734

43,079,601

Med

Health Equipment
(420 unit/year)

2,713,000

2,713,000

2,713,000

96,936,867

145,988,334

197,539,777

Remedial Teachers
(1:15; 3,246 teachers)

Total

1 Cadre Post for Nurses: Nurses attached in schools

SOURCE: Education lab
CONFIDENTIAL

34

Stakeholder engagement plan (1/2)

Stakeholder

Engagement plan

Parents

Promote LINUS programme during school activities. Head Teachers

Teachers

community leaders

Date

Jan-Mar
2010

Head Teachers

Jan 2010

Head Teachers

Jan 2010

programme during the First Teachers Meeting

Develop Buddy Support System and Team
Teaching (expert-novice teachers)
Conduct Reflective Practice on Teaching

Hold dialogues among Teachers, Head Teachers,

Politicians &

E.g. during Year 1 registration day, PTA General

Meeting
Engage parents to support literacy programmes
through various activities such as:
Literacy Day
Parent to child Reading Programme
Recruit Volunteers to read & work with students
Engage parents to contribute materials and
money to schools
Make sure their children do their homework
Make sure they talk to school/teachers about the
progress of their children
Outreach programme - send teacher/officer to the
homes to solve truancy problem

Disseminate information regarding LINUS

Head teachers

Responsibility

FasiLINUS and Community

Construct Strategic Plan for LINUS

Campaign for Literacy and Numeracy

MOE
House to House Visitation Campaign
Publicity through dialogue and mass/popular media
CONFIDENTIAL

35

Stakeholder engagement plan (2/2)

Stakeholder

Engagement plan

Responsibility

Ministry of health

Engage MOH to screen students health as early

MOE

Welfare department

Universities

as aged 4 to identify learning disabilities

MOE and MOH collaborate to screen students
beginning Year 1 in school
MOE and MOH create a post of Nurse in School
to screen students periodically

Expedite the registration of children with

Date

disabilities as OKU (OKU Cards will be issued for

these children to receive benefits entitled for them)
Work closely with schools to address drop-out
issues

MOE
Head Teachers

Jan 2010

Create linkages with universities to do research on MOE

illiteracy and adopting schools with LINUS
Programme

NGOs & Private

Sectors

Encourage the NGOs and private sector to finance MOE

programmes and activities concerning LINUS as
Head Teachers
part of their social resposibilities

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Appendix: Screening instrument literacy

The instrument is developed based on the definition of literacy i.e. Ability to read, write
and understand words, simple and complex sentences (using conjunctions) in Bahasa
Malaysia and apply such knowledge in learning and everyday communication
Instrument Constructs
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ability to pronounce and write vocal and consonant alphabets

Ability to pronounce and write open and close suku kata
Ability to pronounce and write words of suku kata terbuka dan tertutup
Ability to pronounce and write words to distinguish between vowel of e taling,
e pepet and o
5. Ability to pronounce and write words containing suku kata tertutup ng
6. Ability to pronounce and write words containing dipthong and vokal
berganding
7. Ability to pronounce and write words containing digraf ng, ny, sy
8. Ability to pronounce and write word with prefixes and suffixes
9. Ability to pronounce and write simple sentences
10. Ability to pronounce and write complex sentences
11. Ability to read and understand paragraphs
12. Ability to relay information in stimulus materials in oral and written form
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Appendix: Screening instrument numeracy

The instrument is developed based on the definition of numeracyi.e. Ability to solve
basic mathematical operations and understand the idea of simple mathematics and able
to apply mathematical skills in everyday life
Instrument Constructs
1. Ability to recognise numbers in oral and written form
2. Ability to count
3. Ability to understand the value of numbers
4. Ability to arrange numbers in sequence
5. Ability to perform basic mathematical operations
6. Ability to recognise Malaysian currency
7. Ability to tell time
8. Ability to perform basic mathematical operations using Malaysian currency
9. Ability to measure length, mass and volume of objects
10. Ability to translate normal sentences into mathematical equation and vice versa
11. Ability to apply knowledge and skill of round number in everyday life
12. Ability to apply knowledge and skill which involve currency, time and
measurement in everyday life

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Teaching and Learning Module

Aim: To help teachers in LINUS teaching and learning process. At the end of Year 1,
students will be able to:
Modules
1. Write small and capital letters correctly
2. Read suku kata terbuka dan tertutup correctly
3. Build and write suku kata terbuka dan tertutup correctly
4. Read words containing suku kata terbuka dan tertutup correctly
5. Write words containing suku kata terbuka dan tertutup correctly
6. Read words containing digraf and dipthong correctly
7. Write words containing digraf and dipthong correctly
8. Read words containing vokal berganding and konsonan bergabung correctly
9. Write words containing vokal berganding and konsonan bergabung correctly
10. Read words containing prefixes and suffixes correctly
11. Write words with prefixes and suffixes correctly
12. Read phrases correctly
13. Write phrases correctly
14. Read simple sentences clearly and with correct intonation
15. Build and write simple sentences correctly
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LINUS System Conceptual Framework to produce data and reports

Teachers
Profile
(EMIS)

School
Profile
(EMIS)

Students
Profile
(SMM)

NKRA
LINUS Database

PPD/JPN Report
School Literacy
Performance Report
School Numeracy
Performance Report

School Report
NKRA Portal
Students Screening
Form
(Literacy, Numeracy)

Students Literacy
Performance Report
Students Numeracy
Performance Report

Student Linus
Screening History

Teacher- Student
Linkage List

School Performance
Progress Report
(Traffic Light)

Student Linus
Screening History

School/PPD/JPN Literacy
Performance Report

MOE Report

School/PPD/JPN Numeracy
Performance Report

CONFIDENTIAL

Student Linus
Screening History

School/PPD/JPN
Performance Progress
Report (Traffic Light)
40

Literacy and Numeracy FAQs (1 of 3)

Q1: What is LINUS?
A: LINUS is an acronym for Literacy and Numeracy Screening. LINUS is a remedial programme
designed to ensure students acquire basic literacy (Bahasa Malaysia) and numeracy skills at the
end of 3 years of primary education.
Q2: Who are the targeted students in the LINUS Programme?
A: LINUS is targeted at students in Year 1, 2 and 3 in primary schools who have difficulties in 3Rs i.e.
Reading, wRiting and aRithmetic.
Q3: When will the LINUS programme be implemented?
A: The LINUS programme will be implemented in 2010 in all government and government aided
primary schools?

Q4: Why must LINUS Programme focus on literacy only in Bahasa Malaysia (BM) instead of other languages?
A: Bahasa Malaysia is the national language of the country. Bahasa Malaysia is also the language of
unity. All Malaysian citizens must be able to read, write and communicate in the language to foster
understanding and unity in the spirit of 1Malaysia.

Q5: Will numeracy also be taught in BM?

A: No. Students will learn numeracy in the respective medium of instruction in the schools. E.g.: BM
in SK; Chinese language in Chinese schools and Tamil language in Tamil schools.

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Literacy and Numeracy FAQs (2 of 3)

Q6: How do schools identify students for the LINUS programme?
A: Students will undergo a screening process at school level. Students who do not meet the required
target will go through a medical assessment. A nurse will assess students learning ability and
refer them to a medical doctor to confirm their status.
Q7: How does a student in the LINUS programme consider to be literate and numerate?
A: A student is considered to be literate and numerate when he/she managed to achieve the target set
after the screening in the LINUS programme.

Q8: What are the targets set under the LINUS Programme for special needs children?
A: No targets has been set for special needs children. They will be channelled into special education
programme.
Q9: What is the difference between LINUS and previous intervention programmes on literacy and numeracy?
A : LINUS will focus on early intervention (Year 1 3) for both literacy and numeracy skills. Previous
programs either only focused on literacy skills (KIA2M) or only in Years 4-6 (PROTIM)
Q10: What are the indicators that measures students ability in reading, writing and arithmetic under the LINUS
programme?
A:

Twelve constructs have been developed to assess the level of literacy and numeracy. The
achievement in each construct will determine the students ability in reading, writing and
arithmetic . Students have to successfully master the 12 constructs.

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Literacy and Numeracy FAQs (3 of 3)

Q11: What are the measures taken to ensure teachers are able to increase students literacy and numeracy
skills?
A.

Teachers are taught the pedagogical skills in teaching the 3Rs during the preservice training. Inservice training is also provided to enhance teachers content knowledge and pedagogical skills.

Q12: What are other strategies to assist teachers in ensuring the success of LINUS?
A:

One of the initiatives taken by the MOE is to establish FasiLINUS at the district level. FasiLINUS
are experienced teachers who act as facilitators to assist teachers in their teaching and learning
(T&L). They will coach teachers and also act as mentors to devise lessons, develop T&L materials,
and monitor teachers delivery. The FasiLINUS will also collect and analyse students achievement,
and work with teachers to designed alternative learning T&L modules.

Q13: How does the MOE ensure parents and community understand the purpose of the LINUS programme?
A:

The MOE will disseminate information concerning the programme through various mechanism.
First, the head teachers will be informed about the programme. The head teachers will then share
the knowledge with parents through Parents Teachers Associations. The ministry will also hold
open houses for the public to explain about the program to ensure better understanding and
support among parents and community. In addition, publicity will be carried out using mass
media.

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NKRA LAB TEAM

(LINUS)
NO NAME

AGENCY

1
2
3
4
5
6

BPPDP
BPK
NKRA
BPK
SK Jln Enam, Bdr. Baru Bangi
BPPDP

Dr. Naimah Ishak

Dr. Amin Senin
En. Zuhari Duhashim
Hj. Khairul Zaman Ishak
Pn. Khatijah Yusof
Cik Norliah Abdul Aziz

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Stakeholders we have syndicated with

No

NAME

AGENCY

ISSUES DISCUSSED

Dr. Lee Boon Hua

En. Romai Noor bin Rabbu
En. Mohd Faudzan bin Hamzah
En. Aziz bin Naim

BPK
BPG
BPK

Teacher Training Module

Teaching & Learning Module

BPK (N)
2

En. Mat Kassim Malek

Pn. Zaleha bt. Osman
Pn. Norzalina Nasir
Ms. Mona Mourshed

BP Khas
BP Khas
BP Khas
Consultant Global
Co-head of
Education
BPSM
BPSM
BPSM

Remedial teacher

Dr. Saidatul Norbaya bt. Buang

Dr. Nik Rubiah bt. Nik Abdul
Rashid

MOH

Nurse in school

En. Mohd Khir b. Omar

JKM

Welfare for special needs student

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45

Stakeholders we have syndicated with

No

NAME

AGENCY

ISSUES DISCUSSED

Tn. Hj Khalid bin Ahmad

Establishment of
FasiLINUS

En. Menteri bin Abdullah

Tn. Hj. Muhd Zahari bin Othman
Tn. Hj. Aminudin bin Adam
Dr. Hj. Mohd Kassim bin Mohd Ibrahim
En. Ahmad Shukree bin Hj. Doya

PPD Seberang Perai

Tengah
PPD Kota Setar,
PPD Gua Musang,
PPD Johor Bahru
PPD Kota Kinabalu
PPD Raub

Dr. Haili bin Dolhan

Dr. Jamil bin Adimin
En. Ahmad bin Yusof
En. Mohd Tamri bin Abd Halim,
Pn. Safinat bt. Atan
En. Shafiron bin Hashim

TKPPM (Dasar)
LPM
LPM
LPM
LPM
LPM

Screening Instrument for

Literacy and Numeracy

Cik Dayang Rositer bt. Awang Ibrahim

En. Ishak bin Arif

JNJK
JNJK

Monitoring , Supervision
and Evaluation
- Monitoring Instrument

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Stakeholders we have syndicated with

No

NAME

AGENCY

ISSUES DISCUSSED

En. Mohd. Khir Den

En. Mahthir Mohmood
Pn. Yusniwati Mohd. Yusof
En. Mohd. Khairy Jamadi
En. Mohd. Hizwan Mohd. Noor
Pn. Zian Fazeha Saripin
En. Azmi Mohd. Yussof

BTP

Video on NKRA (Preschool & LINUS)

Dr. Maria bt. Mansor

Pn. Norliza Mohammad Basiron
En. Menteri bin Abdullah
En. Mohd Suhaimi bin Yaidi
Tn. Hj. Muhd Zahari bin Othman
Hj. Misnan bin Mohd Damin
En. Mohammad Azwan Iqbal bin Tahir
En. Aslie bin Sahat
En. Hairulizam bin Abd Rahman
En. Mohd Ali Henipah bin Ali

BPG
JHEOA
PPD
PPD
PPD
PPD
PPD
PPD
BPK
BPK

Curriculum for Orang Asli and PENAN

Development of Screening Instrument

10

Dr. Azwan bin Abd Aziz

En. Bilezan bin Baghdadi
Dr. Azlin Norhaini binti Mansor
En. Wan Azhan bin Wan Yaacop
En. Hairunizam bin Hussein

BPPDP
BPSH
EPRD
LPM
BPSH

Data Collection Template for LINUS

programme

11

En. Bilezan bin Baghdadi

BPSH

Road show for LINUS programme

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