- Definition: A ballad (from the late Latin and Italian ballare 'to dance') is, fundamentally, a song that tells a story and it originally was a musical accompaniment to a dance. One may distinguish between folk, traditional ballads and literary ballads (e.g. Coleridges Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Wildes Ballad of Reading Gaol)
A categorization of ballads according to dominant theme:
1. Ballads of domestic relations: deal with jealousy, revenge, rivalry, exile, murder; e.g. Binnorie/ Two Sisters 2. Ballads of superstition: stories of fairies, ghosts and witches; e.g. The Wife of Ushers Well 3. Ballads of love and death: true or false love, love testing, faithfulness, and tragic fate or death of the lovers; 4. Humorous ballads: dealing with domestic quarrels; e.g. Get Up and Bar the Door 5. Historical Ballads: mostly border ballads about the fights between the Scots and the English; e.g. Chevy Chase 6. Ballads of outlawry: about Robin Hood and his men. Basic characteristics common to large numbers of ballads: (a) the beginning is often abrupt; (b) the language is simple; (c) the story is told through dialogue and action; (d) the theme is often tragic (though there are a number of comic ballads); (e) usually there is a refrain.
To these features we may add:
- a ballad usually deals with a single episode; - the events leading to the crisis are related swiftly; - there is minimal detail of surroundings; - there is a strong dramatic element; - there is considerable intensity and immediacy in the narration; - the narrator is often impersonal; - there is frequently incremental repetition; - the single line of action and the speed of the story preclude much attempt at delineation of character - imagery is sparse and simple.