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IS 5249 : 1 9 9 2
Indian Standard
DE TE RMINATION OF DYNAMIC P ROP E RTIE S
OF SOIL - ME TH OD OF TE ST
( Second Revision )
UDC 6241315
0 BIS 1992
BURE AU
MANAK
OF
BH AVAN,
INDIAN
9 BAH ADUR
NE W DE LH I
November 1992
STANDARDS
SH AH
ZAF AR
MARG
110002
Price Gr ou p 5
Foundation
Engineering
Sectionat
anti
&I,!I. ( K.X 4;
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted bv the Bureau
draft finalized by the Foundation
Engineering
Sectional
Committee
Civil Engineering
Division Council.
of Indian Standard+
had been approved
ac.*r e
by tl.:
Several Indian Standards have been published for the design and construction
of foundation
for
machines of various types,
These involves the use of dynamic properties of soil. The need for a
standard procedure for the determination
of such properties therefore arose. The standard is meant
to fulfil this need.
The designer should choose the method appropriate
to the codditions
at a given site. In-sit u
dynamic test by the forced vibration method may be found useful in most of the cases even though
In layered soils, the wove propogation
test has the
it has the limitations
of the plate load test.
advantage that the dynamic
properties
of the layer of interest can be determined
by suitably
The results obtained by a free vibration test should
adjusting the distance between the geophones.
be used with caution.
This standard was first published in 1969 and subsequently
revised in 1977 which included
the
block vibration tests both under free and forced vibration
conditions,
shear modulus
tests, wave
propagation
tests and cyclic plate load tests.
Guidelines
are provided for choosing
the design
parameters consistent with the conditions
of confinement
and strains which are likely to occur in
an actual problem.
This revision has been taken up to incorporate
further
improvements
found
necessary in light of determination
of dynamic properties of soil, since its last publication.
In the formulation
of this standard
among the standards and practices
in the field in this country.
to international
co-ordination
to relating it to the practices
IS 5249 : 1992
Indian St andard
DETERMINATIONOFDYNAMICPROPERTIESOF
SOIL-METHODOFTEST
( Second Revision )
3.7 Damping
1 SCOPE
Coefticient @
3.8 Coefficient
of Attenuation
2 REFERENCES
4 APPARATUS
The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are necessary
adjuncts to this standard.
3 TERMINOLOGY
3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the relevant
definitionsin
IS 2810 : 1979 and the following shall
apply. The notations given in Annex B shall also
4.1 Mechanical
The mechanical
oscillator
should be capable of
producing a sinusoidally
varying force and have a
frequency range commensurate
with the size of the
block to be tested and type of the soil. It should
have the provision for altering dynamic force level
by simple adjustment
of eccentric masses.
apply*
3.1 Natural
Oscillator
Frequency
Undamped
Natural
Frequency
3.3 Damped
Natural
Natural frequency
damping.
3.4 Coeflicient
(C)
Frequency
of the
system
of Elastic
Uniform
considering
its
Compression
Elastic
Unit
4.4 Acceleration
Pick-up
Non-Uniform
Coeffkient
of Elastic
Uniform
Shear (CT)
Two in number, of suitable type, sensitive enough
to record even feeble ground vibrations.
Natural
frequency<10 Hz and dampling less than 1 percent
of the critical damping.
IS 5249 : 1992
4.6 Displacement
pick-up
Amplitudes
may be directly measured using
displacement
pick-ups. These should be of
appropriate capacity and should have flat frequency
response in the range 0 to 100 Hz or more and should
be of high sensitivity; accuracy should be not less
than 2 percent.
4.7 Geophones
Similar characteristics
(see 4.5).
4.8 Universal
as
of
velocity
pick-up
Amplifier
Osciilograph
m
xp3
and d.c.
Motor
4.13 Hammer
A sledge hammer or a drop hammer weighing 10
kg or any other device to impart blow to the block
for exciting under conditions of free vibrations or
for generating waves in the ground.
Field Density of
NOTES
in 4.1 to 4.14 are found suitable.
may be used where available.
BLOCK
VIBRATION
Test
Vibration
Test
1
Equipment
given
Alternative equipment
15
be
of
of
Tape
for Measuring
4.15 Apparatus
Soil at Site
)I
I-0
TEST
IS 5249 : 1992
(CJ
4x2 f& M
where
= Natural
frequency;
= Mass of the block, exciter and motor; and
= Contact area of the block with the soil.
f
Z
A,
= Amplitude
at distance
d,,
A, = Amplitude
a = Coefficient
at distance
d,, and
Table
is equal
to X,
6.2 Test
x,
= Maximum
f nr
amplitude;
frequency).
is shown
in
Tests
log,
X
-f
mtl
of Coeffuzient
silty sand
sandy
PLATE
silty
LOAD
m-l
0.1
0.04
clay
0.04-O. l:!
TEST
Procedure
be assembled
1888 : 1982.
equal to the:
pit excavated1
E =
Saturated
silt
and
This
a,
sand or sandy
Suitable
arrangement
for providing
reaction
of
adequate magnitude depending upon size of plate
employed should be used. The load mechanism shoulo
have facility to apply and remove the loads quickly1
A hydraulic jack or any other suitable equipment
may be used.
fi
2fm
= Two frequencies
of a
6.1 Equipment
where
f,, f,
values
Saturated
6 CYCLIC
for typical
Saturated
f2
of attenuation
Soil type
E =
. e-+eJ
d2
where
1d
= A,
A2
in Fig. 5.
6.2.3 The cycles of loading, unloading and reloading
are continued till the estimated ultimate load has
been reached, the final values of dial gauge readings
being noted each time.
of Attenuation
IS 5 2 4 9 : 1 9 9 2
F IG. 1
nOtORAND
OSCILLATOR
rSPEE0
CONTROL UNIT
POWER
WJPPLV
\
\I
I
I
PICK UP/
tRANSDUCER
OSClLLOmAPn
AMPLIFIER
b
F IG. 2
6.0
PEAK
B LOCKD IAGRAM
OF %S TLN GEQU IP MENFTORB LOCKVIB RATION
TES T
AMPLITUDE
z
.
)(rn
x
3
c,
i
3t
1.0 -
f2
0.
0
I
15
I
20
fn
I
25
FREQUENCY,
F IG. 3
I
30
I
35
fnz 4
FREOUENC<
CPS
CPS
F IG. 4
D ETERMIN ATION
OF D AMP IN GF ROMF ORCED
VIB RATION
TFST
IS 5249 : 1992
6.2.4 The magnitude of the load increment should
be such that the ultimate load is reached in five
to six increments. The initial loading and unloading
cycles up to the safe bearing capacity of the soil
should be with smaller increments in load. The duration
of each loading and unloading cycle upon the type
of soil under investigation.
Velocity
of shear waves
VB is given
vs =
by:
3-f
where
f=
7.2 Hammer
C = 5
7.2.1 Equipment
kgf/cm3
e
where
= Corresponding
5,
Elastic rebound
Tests
load intensity
kg/cm2, and
corresponding
to P in cm.
7 WAVE
PROPAGATION
TESTS
FOR
DETERMINATION
OF SHEAR MODULUS
up to infinite depth,
vibrations is given
Ids
u4
=
Jr + 2 (A,-
h)
the
geophones
where
characteristics,
that is h, = $
have
the
same
N4 = s
where
A
Wavelength
Measured
in cm,
distance
between
geophones
in
CDL,
h,
h,=
7.2.2.2 Alternatively,
the time taken by the waves
to travel a known distance may be obtained directly
by feeding the output of the pick-ups to a timer.
7.2.2.3 Density of soil
distance
waves and
along each selected line
IS 5249 : 1992
(m*l)
L2.._L--2.-J
b-W= DAMPED NATURAL FREQUENCY
FIG. 5
OF SYSTEM
LOAD -
.
0.15 -
h .4 l-E
%3 T
0
60
20
DISTANCE, m
ELASTIC
REBOUNO-
Cu =&
7 1 ~. 7
C, FROM
IS 5249 : 1992
cl)
cq
upon elastic properties of medium, the soil, the size and shape
of contact area and flexibility of rigidity of the foundation.
where
Vc = velocity
of compression
= distance
in m; and
= corresponding
sec.
7.3.1
waves,
in m/s;
of Elastic
Modulus
E is determined
Elastic modulus
3.46 Ct
1.5 cz
NOTE - The relation between C,, CT, C(I and CU, depends
vc = sit
7.3 Determination
Modulus
of Soil
=
=
and Shear
by equation:
9 GUIDANCE
PARAMETFRES
where
P =
E =
NOTE -
Mass
density
Poisions
of soil
ratio of soil
The following
T yp e of soi l
Clay
0.5
Sand
0.30 to 0.35
Rock
0.15 to 0.25
ratio may be
7.3.2
Depending
upon
the nature of medium
involved, and if the distance between pick-ups is
sufficiently
large, both the arrival of compression
and shear waves may be distinguishable
from the
records. In such a case both E and G can be
determined
independently.
= 2 G (1 t E)
FOR
CHOOSING
DESIGN
FROM IN-SITU
TESTS
v;p
G,
-_=
G
where
P
= Mass
density
= Velocity
= Poissions
of shear waves,
where
G, and G
in m/s, and
ratio of soil.
m
OF
ELASTIC
ELASTIC
NON-
= Constant depending
9.3 In situations
where high strain levels are
associated as in the case of analysis for earthquake
conditions,
the effect of strain level shall be
considered along with that of confining
pressure.
C =
Dynamic shear
prototype
and
respectively;
COEFFICIENT
SHEAR
AND
SHEAR
1sto2cz
7
IS 5249 : 1992
is less at low strain levels and becomes
large at high strain levels.
significantly
ANNEX
( Clause 2 )
LIST OF REFERRED
IS N o.
INDIAN STANDARDS
Title
1888 : 1982
2720
(Part 12 ) : 1981
Methods
of test for soil :
Part 12 Determination
of the
shear strength parameters of soil
from consolidated
undrained
triaxial compression
test with
measurement
of pore water
pressure (first revis ion )
2720
( Pati 28 ) : 1974
Title
IS No.
2720
( Part 29 ) : 1975
Method
of test
for soil :
Part 29 Determination
of dry
density of soils in-place, by the
core
cutter
method
(firs t
revis ion )
2810 : 1979
Methods
of test for soil :
Part 28 Determination
for dry
ANNEX B
( Clause 3.0 )
NOTATIONS
UNIT
Contact area of block with soil
Contact area of actual foundation with soil
Vertical amplitude of vibration
Vertical acceleration
vibration
Coefficient
of elastic uniform compression
of soil for area A and A,
respectively
Coefficient
of elastic non-uniform
compression
of soil for area A and
A, respectively
Coefficient
of elastic uniform shear of soil for area A and A, respectively
Coefficient
of elastic non-uniform
shear of soil
Youngs modulus
Peak dynamic force
Frequency
of propagating waves
Frequencies
at which amplitude is X,ld2
Horizontal resonant frequency of block and soil system
Dynamic shear modulus of soil
Acceleration
due to gravity
Moment of inertia of foundation contact area about a horizontal axis
passing through centre of gravity of the area and perpendicular
to
direction of vibration
Mass of block
Mass moment of inertia of the block about a horizontal axis passing
through the centre of gravity of the block and perpendicular
to
direction of vibration
Mass moment of intertia of the block about the horizontal axis passing
through the centre of gravity of contact area of block and soil and
perpendicular
to the direction of vibration
Distance between geophones or pick-ups
Elastic rebound
Compression
wave velocity
8
Cm2
Cm2
mm
mm/s2
kgf/cm3
kgf/cm3
kgf/cm3
kgf/cm2
kg
Hz
Hz
Hz
kgf/cm2
mm/s2
cm4
kg s21cm
kgf/cm/s2
kgflcnl/s2
cm
Cl11
cm/s
IS 5249 : 1992
SYMBOL
DEKRIP~ON
UNIT
ANNEX
cm/s
mm
mm
S
kg s2/cm4
cm
radian
radian
-
( Clause 3.2 )
EXTRAPOLATION
OF FREQUENCY
RESPONSE CURVE FOR
OBTAINING
NATURAL FREQUENCY
OF TIIE SYSTEM
Cl
In case of stiff soils where the resonant
frequency is higher than the limit to which the block
can be excited by the vibration equipment, extrapolation
of the response curve may be resorted to as indicated
below to evaluate the resonant frequency of the system.
This holds for a single degree of freedom system
as in case of vertical vibrations. However, workable
values of f. may also be obtained for horizontal
vibrations.
m 0 = Eccentric mass,
e
= Eccentricity,
= Frequency of excitation
k = Spring constant, and
C
= Coefficient
of damping.
By substituting
in above
= 2lrf
A
A1
= M/( mo.e )
= ( c2-2kM )/{ ( mo.e ) ( 2x )}
and2A,
A,f4 +
AZ
Fo
= m0ew2 = Dynamic
A2f2 + A, = ( f4/Az 2)
( k-mo2)2tc2W2
where
F,
equation
force,
ANNEX
Cy can be obtained
E are related
below:
G, = ~
1.13 E
cu =
E
where
2( 1 t E )
(I-
E2) VT
A = area of contact
where
e = Poisions
ratio,
9
Standard Mark
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of it- RII~~,OU
of- lndlm
The St~+rldar,~ M;*rk on
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products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they 1!;1\,e JWW r)r,,dllced
to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well definr.1 -vsclv lf iri\p:xt~nq,
testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by Blq ;Irldl 11)r Ire f b y the
producer.
Standard marked products are also continuously check4
!-w !lS f *I c~~nft~rlnlry
Details of conditions unde. 1 ic.11 a Ilf.ence for tI)e
to that standard as a further safeguard.
use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or 7 o I IWS w IV he ~~b ra irlrd
from the Bureau of Indian Standards,
Standards
43 ( 4242)
Amendments
Amend
No.
Issued
Since
Publication
Date of Issue
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