O HOA RASTER

CAC THUAT TOAN TO MAU

Giang vien : Bui Tien Len

Bai toan to mau

To mau la thao tac tm cac iem sang nam ben trong
mot vung khep kn.
Input :
Vung S
Output :
{(x1, y1), (x2, y2) (xn, yn)}

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Cac hng tiep can

Co hai phng phap
- To mau theo lan can
- To mau theo dong quet

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To mau theo lan can

Lan can la g ?
Co hai loai lan can : lan can 4 va lan can 8.
Lan can 4
N4(x, y) = {(x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x+1, y), (x, y-1)}
Lan can 8
N8(x, y) = {(x-1, y), (x-1, y+1), (x, y+1), (x+1, y+1), (x+1, y),
(x+1, y-1), (x, y-1), (x-1, y-1)}

tren
y

trai

(x,y) phai

trai
y

(x,y)

di
x

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Thuat toan e qui

bc 1 Ke bien vung can to
bc 2 Xac nh mot iem (x, y) nam ben trong vung can
to
bc 3 To iem (x, y), sau o to loang sang nhng iem
lan can

x
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Cai at e qui
// To loang
void BoundaryFill(CDC *pDC, int x, int y,
int fill_color, int boundary_color)
{
int color;
color = pDC->GetPixel(x, y);
if((color != fill_color) && (color != boundary_color))
{
pDC->SetPixel(x, y, fill_color);
BoundaryFill(pDC, x-1, y, fill_color, boundary_color);
BoundaryFill(pDC, x, y+1, fill_color, boundary_color);
BoundaryFill(pDC, x+1, y, fill_color, boundary_color);
BoundaryFill(pDC, x, y-1, fill_color, boundary_color);
}
}

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Nhan xet thuat toan e qui

u iem
Co the to vung co hnh dang
bat ky.

Khuyet iem
Khong the dung e to cac
vung co kch thc ln.

kch thc
!

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Thuat toan cai tien

bc 1
Cat iem hat giong au tien vao kho.
bc 2
Lap neu kho khong rong
- c1 Lay iem hat giong.
- c2 To iem hat giong sau o to loang sang trai va
sang phai.
- c3 Bo sung nhng iem hat giong mi vao kho t
dong tren va dong di.

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Thuat toan cai tien

hat giong : iem sang

kho : cha cac iem hat giong

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Thuat toan cai tien

Minh hoa to loang

bien

bien

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Thuat toan cai tien

Tieu chuan e la iem hat giong
1. iem nay cha c to va khong phai iem bien.
2. iem nay thoa :
- iem trai au tien.
- hoac ben trai cua no la iem bien (neu no khong
phai la iem trai au tien).

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Thuat toan cai tien

Minh hoa bo sung nhng iem hat giong mi

bien

bien

hat giong
bien
bien

bien
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To theo lan can - Mot so van e

S dung
lan can nao ?

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To theo lan can - Mot so van e

ng bien
mau g ?

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To theo lan can - Mot so van e

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To mau theo dong quet

Khai niem dong quet

Dong quet la dong iem sang tren man hnh

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To hnh ch nhat
l

y t
y
b

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To hnh tam giac

Input
(X1, Y1), (X2, Y2), (X3, Y3)
Cach to
bc 1 : Sap xep cac nh
Y1 Y2 Y3
bc 2 : Phan trng hp
Theo tung o

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To hnh tam giac

Y1 = Y2 = Y3

Y1 < Y2 = Y3
2

2
1

Y1 = Y2 < Y3

Y1 < Y2 < Y3
3

3
2
2

1
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To hnh tam giac

Y1

Xmin

Xmax

To tam giac (Y1 = Y2 = Y3)

1. Tm Xmin, Xmax
2. To dong Y1 bat au tai cot Xmin, ket thuc tai cot Xmax

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To hnh tam giac

Y2

y
y Y1

1
xl

To tam giac (Y1 < Y2 = Y3)

Lap y : Y1 Y2
1. Tm hoanh o giao iem xl, xr
gia dong quet y vi cac canh
trai va canh phai cua tam giac.
2. To dong y bat au tai cot xl, ket
thuc tai cot xr.

xr

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To hnh tam giac

V du
Cac hoanh o giao iem cua cac dong quet vi canh
(2, 2), (11, 6).
6
5
4
3
2

1
8
4

17
4

26
4

35
4

44
4

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To hnh tam giac

Cach tnh hoanh o giao iem

x au la X1
xmoi = xcu + k
vi
X2 X1
k=
Y2 Y1

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To hnh tam giac

3

Y3

Y2

y Y1

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To hnh a giac loi

p0
p3

p1
p2

p0
p1
pn-1
p2
pn-2

Cach to
1. Chia a giac loi co n nh
{p0, p1, ... , pn-1} thanh n-2
tam giac.
- 1 p0p1p2
- 2 p0p2p3
- ...
- i p0pipi+1
- ...
- n-2 p0pn-2pn-1
2. To tng tam giac.

p3

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To hnh a giac
Nguyen ly chia tam giac
Moi a giac khong t cat eu co the phan chia thanh cac
tam giac.

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Thu
Thu
t toan to a giac tong quat

Thuat toan

ymax
bc 1 Tm ymin va ymax
ymin = min{yi, (xi, yi) P}
y
ymax = max{yi, (xi, yi) P}
bc 2 To tng dong
Lap y : ymin ymax
c1 Tm cac giao iem.
c2 Sap xep cac giao iem. y ymin
c3 To cac oan thang.

I1

I2 I3

I4

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Lu y
Bo canh nam ngang

bo
bo

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Lu y
Dong quet i qua nh
b
d
a
y

I1
h

I2 I3

I4
Bnh thng
g

f
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Lu y
Dong quet i qua nh
b
y
a

I1

Loi
I2 I3
c

I4

I5

f
g

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Lu y
Cat bt canh c theo truc y 1 n v
b
1
y 1

I1

I2

I3

I4

f
g

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V du
{(1, 1) (2, 7) (4, 9) (7, 9) (9, 5) (9, 1) (7, 1) (5, 5) (4, 1)}

7
6
5
4

2
1

i
1

f
3

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Tien x ly 1
c

7
6
5
4

Loai bo cac canh

{c, f, i}

2
1

i
1

f
3

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Tien x ly 2
9

7
6
5
4

X ly cac canh
{a, e}

1
1

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To
9

k=1

k=-3/4

6
5
4

a
k=1/6

k=1/4

k=-1/2

k=0

1
1

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Thong tin canh a giac

canh

ylower

yupper

xlower

1/6

-3/4

-1/2

1/4

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Thong tin cac canh a giac

canh

ylower

yupper

xlower

1/6

-3/4

-1/2

1/4

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Phng trnh oan thang

F(x, y) = (Y2 Y1)(x X1) (X2 X1)(y Y1)

(X2,Y2)

(X1,Y1)

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Xac nh ben trong tam giac nh the nao ?

(X3,Y3)

(X2,Y2)

(X1,Y1)

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Chieu cac nh cua tam giac

Tnh dien tch tam giac
x1(y 2 y3 ) + x 2 (y3 y1) + x3 (y1 y 2 )
S=
2
(X2,Y2)

(X2,Y2)

(X3,Y3)

(X3,Y3)

S>0

(X1,Y1)

(X1,Y1)

S<0

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Thuat toan
1. Tm xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax
2. Lap y : ymin ymax, x : xmin xmax
Neu (x, y) nam ben trong tam giac th
To (x, y)
ymax

ymin
xmin

xmax

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