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Particular
Introduction
Organization structure
Production process
Plant layout
Selection Of Location
Type of raw material
Material handling system
Production planning and control system
Repairs and maintenance
Management of industrial safety
Introduction of material management
Purchase department
Inventory control methods
Quality assurance

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Production is the process by which goods and services are created. In other words, it
transforms the inputs ( i.e. raw material, men, machine, management and capital ) into output
( i.e. goods and services ) with the help of certain production process. Production includes
production of goods and production of services. In a manufacturing organization, men,
material, and equipment are employed to produce goods and commodities by creation from
utility while in service enterprise the production is the discharge of some functions of utility
and includes all types of services.
Production function is the basic function of an industrial enterprise around which all
other activities of the organization such as purchasing, financing, marketing, storing,
personnel research and development revolve. It is, therefore very essential that the production
function must be managed effective and efficiently so as o achieves the organizational goals.
The main aim of very production system is to produce the goods and services economically
to the entire satisfaction of the customers for which they are meant. In order to achieve this
aim, it is essential to plan, organize direct and control the production system. These activities
of planning, organizing, directing and controlling comprise the production management.
" ELLORA TIME LTD." produces approximately 200 no. of variety of clock. And the
company believes in producing quality products for consumer satisfaction that do not
compromise with quality, strict actions are taken against the concerned authority in case the
product is found sub standard.

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The following structure of production management / department is adopted by the

company to perform manufacturing.
Factory department

Production Manager

Supervisor
Foreman

Worker
The production manager is the principal authority to prepare the production schedule.
There are many workers working in all different production departments. The manager has to
plan for adequate raw material so process may be continued according to the schedule.
The function of supervisor is to see smooth running of manufacturing process. He
directs gives the instruction to the workers and also inspires to the workers for increase the
efficiency. He has to see that no. of units are manufactured as per the schedules. He is in
charge to mark absent and present of the worker, generally the timing of the factory for
worker 8 : 00 A.M. to 12 : 00 noon and 12 : 30 P.M. to 4 : 30 P.M.

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A production process involves the use of an organization resource to provide

something of value. No product can be made and no service provided without a process, and
no process can exist without a product or service. The process management is the selection of
the inputs, operations, workflows and methods that transform inputs into outputs.
The " ELLORA TIME LTD." ahs adopted line process, because it produces many
product and production orders are not directly linked with customer orders. Here we can see
the process of clock.

PROCESS OF CLOCK
Injection Moulding Department
Cabinet Cutting
Buff & Cleaning
Hit Stamping 1 ( Hydraulic Machine )
Hit Stamping 2 ( Roller Machine )
Glass Cutting
Electric Department
Indicate Circuit I.C. Boarding
Assembling & Checking
Packing

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The most important factors for the manufacturer is to made a decision about the
volume of production turned out by the existing set of machinery.
Plant layout has been defined as, a technique of location machines processes and
plant services within the factory in order to secure the greatest possible output of high quality
at lowest possible total cost of production.
A good plant lay out focuses on production, machinery, machine tools, work centers,
effective inspection, material handling, storage and transport movement improving
production efficiency and he better supply of services to the consumer.
There are main six types of pant layout, which are as follows: Process layout :It is also called function layout. All machines performing similar type of operations is
grouped at one location in the process layout e.g. all lathes, milling machine, cutting
machines etc. in the engineering shop will be clustered in their like groups. Thus, all forging
will be done in one area and all the lathes will be placed in another area. This type of process
is more suitable to job ordered type of production.
Product layout :In this type of layout, the machines are arranged in the sequence as required by the
particular product. All machines as required to balance the particular product line are
arranged in a sequential line but not necessarily in the straight line. It is also known as the
product line layout. In this layout, one product goes through all the machines lined u, in the
order required by its manufacture. The best-known example of this type of layout is seen in
motorcar production.
Project Layout :The manufacturing operations require the movements of men, machines and
materials. Generally few inputs tend to be static while the others are moving. But where the
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product is large in size and heavy in weight, it tends to be static, e.g. ship building. In such a
production system. The product remains static and the men and machines move performing
the operation on the product. The production characteristic is sufficient enough to treat it as a
separate type of layout.
Mixed / Combined Layout :Generally pure process or pure layout is not found in practice. Both are mutually
exclusive. A proper compromise reaping the benefits of both layouts is possible to some
extent. So efforts are made to have the combined layout incorporation the benefits of process
and product layout.
Job Shop Layout :Here there is processing of job production, and hence the system is very flexibility.
The layout depends upon the analysis of the universe of orders received and is very complex
affair.
Cellular / Group Layout :Here machines are placed in different groups. Each machine group makes a family of
parts, which require similar treatment. This layout lies between process and line layout. It is
easier to control than a strictly process layout and has more flexibility than a line layout.
The " ELLORA TIME LTD." has adopted combine layout. The company adopted
process layout in some product and also adopted product layout for some other product.
Because the product line of the company is large so that one layout is not possible in each
line. So company adopted different layout for different products.

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 Plant location is defined as the function of determining where the plant should be
located for maximum operating economy.
Any company must select an ideal location at the time of launching. An ideal pant
location means a scientific selection includes nature and type of the business operation
advantages, economical factor and profit orientation.
The following factors are affecting to the selection of location: -

Availability of Raw material easily

Technological know-how
Transportation facilities is good
Attitude of local people is also good
Availability of efficient and cheap labor
Climate factors
Availability of water
Flood and drought condition are available easily
Statutory condition is good
Communication facilities also easily available
Local taxes and insurances
Also Availability of commercial services
Historical factor also related
When establish the company then the price of the land is cheapest
The all above factors are directly and indirectly related or affected to the " ELLORA
TIME LTD."
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The raw material is very important things for the company. It is one type of oxygen
for the company. If the raw material available easily then no any problem fro company.
Because if the supply of raw material is not regular, it may leas to frequent stoppages and
breakages in production.
The costs of raw materials are an important element of the total coast of production.
The time and cost of transporting raw material is also important. So that the requirement of
raw material depends upon the requirement of production of the finished product. It seem it
would be better if we know the production plan and schedule for the assembly of the finished
product and accordingly arrange for all the raw material.
In " ELLORA TIME LTD." use many type of raw materials for make a finished
product. In this company use Hips Techno Sterma, A Specific Type Paper, Plastic, Watch
Machine, Wooden, Glass etc. the company procure all these raw material from local market
as well as out of the state and also out of the country. The company purchase raw materials
from local market like Ankleshwar, Bharuch etc. and from out of state like Mumbai,
Harayana etc. and from out of countries like Japan, Germany, and China etc.

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 Materials handling is the art and science involving the movement packing and
storing of substances in any form.
The material handling function includes all types of movements vertical, horizontal or
combination of both and of the types of materials, filled, semi- filled and discrete items and
of movements required for packaging and storing.
Thus, material handling involves the movement of materials from one place to theanother for the purpose of processing. They are moved either manually of mechanically with
the help of different type of material handling equipment. The jobs tackled by material
handling equipment include lifting, moving, dropping, positioning, holding, releasing,
stacking etc.. They are moved as single item or in a lot depending upon the size, weight, etc.
of the material the capacity of the material handling equipment and the type of processing.
The company use the many type of material handling equipment like :-

Hand Barrow
Wheel Barrow
Hand Trolley
A sliding wheel box truck
Head Stacker etc.
All above equipment use by the company for move the raw material or finished good
from one place to anther.

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 Production planning and control is comprise the planning, routing, scheduling,

dispatching and follow up function in the production process as organized.
The nature of production planning and control department can be divided in their
broad categories viz., centralized and de-centralized and through progress men.
Production Planning & Control Manager

Production Engineering
Section

Materials
Inventory Control
Management
Section

Receiving Shipping

Section
The company decides, the production planning is not governed by market demand. It
is governed by research and development. Market follows Ajantas R & D. O.R.Patels
decision to start manufacturing of mechanical wall clock after closing the oil engine
manufacturing activity was the first fall out of his R & D faculty. This faculty has always
provided a base of technological up gradation to Ajantas production planning.
Now a day, Ajanta wall clock are exclusively based on electronic quartz movement
system and in different models of approximately 200 in number.
A to Z operation in area connected with mechanic and electronic faculties and carried
out Ajantas workshop and dependency on outside agencies know-how is nil.
In this company, first the company receives the corporate order form the market. And
than after the company thinking about production planning and control, like how much time
will require? How much material will require? All these type of questions solved in the
production planning and control by the company.

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Production is done with the help of machines, equipment etc The machine depreciates
with the use and the efficiency of the machine doesnt remain the same. And for smooth
production, it is vary essential that this machine always remain in good condition. To
maintain the machine in good condition, the repairing of machine from time to time is
essential. The repairing of machine and equipment regularly increases the life of machine.
Therefore the repairing of machine and equipment are very essential.
There are basically two types of repairing and maintenance and breakdown
maintenance.
Preventive Maintenance:In this, the machines are regularly repaired to prevent the breakdown of machine.
Here the repairing is done regularly so that production isnt disturbed by breakdown of
machine.
Breakdown Maintenance:Here, in such maintenance system the repairing is done only when there is any
breakdown and no precaution are there in this system.
The " ELLORA TIME LTD." has adopted both type of method of repair and
maintenance. Because in this company use may machine and also use latest technology. So
that the company use different method to different machine and equipment.

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There is evidence of great technological revolutions in every field with serious

amazing discoveries. It has been found that engineering can prevent accident. It has also been
found that workers could be reached through educational techniques and bought to greater
awareness of the problems and methods of combating accidents. Though trial and error, it has
also been discovered that safety rules could be established and enforced. In this discover
called as engineering in design, enforcement of the factory inspectorate, education and
enthusiasm industry has found the means to make drastic improvement in the prevention of
accident.
In " ELLORA TIME LTD." has necessary for industrial safety because the 90 % of
workers are female and all are comes from village, so that they have less education so safety
is necessary for both company as well as worker. The supervisor, in discharging his
responsibility for safety, and his principal duties. Like :

He teach each employee the hazards of his job and how to avoid them
He see that needed safety equipment is provided and used for each job
He also teach employees that accidents are caused but can be prevented
He also sees that all injuries are reported and properly treated
He conduct regular safety appraisal of his section
If anything happen during shift time that means any accident, then supervisor must
ply his duties. He has to investigate accident ant take corrective action and he has to inspect
and prevent unsafe conditions.

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Material management is indispensable core activity of all types of organization

whether manufacturing, trading or even non- profit organization. All organization are
continuously involved in procurement, storage and stock replenishment of different types of
production materials.
Material management refers to the integrated management approach to planning,
acquisition, conversion, flow and distribution of production materials from raw materials
stage to finished product stage.
The material management is help in the procurement of material at low price, higher
rate of inventory turn over, to ensure continuity of material supply, to minimize the
acquisition and storage costs, maintenance of supplier relation, development of personnel etc.
In the manufacturing organizations the important inputs are men, machine and
materials which are the results of the monetary commitments materials being a key and
inevitable input, directly affects the fundamental economic objective viz profitability of any
manufacturing organization. Efficient management of any of the input directly affects the
output and reacts in the profitability of the organization. As material consume lions share of
the investments and that too with a possibility of turnover, its efficient management directly
contribute to the profitability of the organization.

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Materials constitute one of the important factors of production in a business. The term
materials refers to the commodities suppliers to an undertaking for the purpose of
consumption in the process of manufacture or of rendering services or for transformation into
product. Purchasing, as a fundamental function in and operation firm is charged with the
responsibility of having the correct quantity and quality of material on hand and when it is
needed at a price and is consistent with the existing economic conditions.
Business activity directed to securing the materials, supplies and equipments
required in the operation of an organization.
Procedure for purchase the raw materials
Purchase Department
Recognition to the need

Selection of the supplier

Planning the purchasing order

Follow up of order

Receiving & inspection

Of materials

Payment

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ABC Inventory Control

ABC analysis underling a very important principal VITAL FEW TRIVIAL MANY.
statistic reveals that just a handful of items account for bulk of annual expenditure on
material. These fie items called A items, therefore, hold the key to business. The other
items, known as B & C items, are numerous in number, but their contribution is less
significant, ABC analysis thus tends to segregate all items into categories: A, B & C on the
basis of their annual usage. The categorization so made enable one to pay the right amount of
attention and minimum of efforts and expenditure as merited by the item.
The annual consumption analysis of any organization would indicated that a
handful of top high values items less then 10 % of the total number will account for a
substantial portion of about 75 % of the total co careful attention of the materials managers.
Similarly, a large number of bottom items over 70 % of the total consumption of units,
are called trivial many account only for about 10 % of the consumption value, are known as
C class. The items, which lie between the top and bottom, are called B category items.

EOQ Method Of Inventory Control

Inventory control fundamentally deal with the two basic issues ( 1 ) when to order and
( 2 ) how much to order. The problem of when to order is decided by prescribing the
reorder. Level of each of the inventory item. The other incidental issue is how much to order
i.e. what should be the size of each order. The issue of how much to order is decided on
the basis of Economic Order Quality
EOQ is an important technique of inventory control. EOQ prescribes the size of the
order at which the ordering cost and the inventory carrying cost will be the maximum.
The " ELLORA TIME LTD." has adopted EOQ method. Because it is observed that
the cost components are not same for all items and all suppliers. In case one order has many
deliveries, the cost can be computed per delivery. And second thing is that why select the
EOQ method, some special cases like implanting price rise, closure of suppliers, change in
import policy and export policy etc. and where material are ordered in bulk. Some vendors
give frequent deliveries. Large vendors prefer to deliver goods in bulk. In spares, critically of
an item overrides all other consideration.
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 The quality of product may be defined as the sum of number of related

characteristics such as shape, dimension, composition, strength, workmanship, adjustment,
finish and color.
Quality of the ELLORA TIME LTDs products depends largely on the quality of
infrastructure. ORPAT is equipped with a perfectly planned infrastructure matching with
international standards. ORPAT is the only company, which has installed 130 imported
injection-moulding machines with microprocessor based control systems. The company uses
most advanced and sophisticated machinery to give vest international standard products.
Clock cabinets of all models are injection moulding from virgin high impact
polystyrene. Utmost care is taken to impart best finish and attractiveness to the product.
AJANTA movement of high quality standard is used in the clocks. The clocks are tested and
calibrated to give high an accuracy with in 30 second / month. None of these models are
fitted with battery call.
The company take a step for maintain the best quality of the products :-

The company using quartz crystal + / - 8 PPM, which its competitors are using + / - 20
PPM or 30 PPM. Therefore, the accuracy of timing in Ajanta Quartz movement is much
better than others.

Ajanta Quartz movement is being assumed at dust proof environment. Therefore, the
durability of the movement is better than others.

All the gears in Ajanta Quartz movement are being made of polystyrene of higher
grade. Therefore, the durability of the movement is better than others.

The quality checking of the Ajanta Quartz movements are being made in three stages.
( Movement manufacturing stage, Movement assembling stage clock assembling. )

The clock cabinets of Ajanta Quartz are being manufacture from virgin polyester of
high impact grade. Therefore, the durability is better than others.
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