HIV/AIDSandSTIs

1.Gotothefollowingwebsitestoanswerthefollowingquestions:
http://www.hcsc.gc.ca/hcps/dcma/aidssidaeng.php
http://www.hcsc.gc.ca/hcps/dcma/stiitseng.php

WhatdoesHIVandAIDSstandfor?
TheHumanImmunodeficiencyVirus(HIV)isthevirusthatcausesAcquired
ImmunodeficiencySyndrome(AIDS).
Whathappenswhenyougetthesediseases?
HIVattackstheimmunesystem,resultinginachronic,progressiveillnessthatleaves
infectedpeoplevulnerabletoopportunisticinfectionsandcancers.Themediantimefrom
infectiontoAIDSdiagnosisnowexceeds10years.AIDSisfatalifleftuntreated.
HowisHIVtransmitted?
engaginginunprotectedsexualintercourse(analorvaginal)
sharingsextoys
sharingneedlesorequipmentforinjectingdrugsorsteroids
mothertochildtransmissionduringpregnancy,delivery,andbreastfeeding
WhyisHIVsodifficulttotreatordeveloppreventionsfor?
Thereisnocure.
Whichgroupsofpeoplearemostatrisktoday?
Uneducatedteens
GotooneofthereportsonAIDS.Describetwothingsinthereportthatyoudidnotknow
beforeaboutAIDS.
Thatthereisntacure
AIDsisthelaststageofHIVinfection
4.GototheSTIswebsiteanddescribethesymptomsofeachofthefollowing:
i)Chlamydia
vaginaldischarge
burningsensationwhenurinating
paininthelowerabdomen,sometimeswithfeverandchills
painduringsex
vaginalbleedingbetweenperiodsorafterintercourse
Symptomsformencaninclude:
dischargefromthepenis
burningsensationwhenurinating
burningoritchingattheopeningofthepenis
painand/orswellinginthetesticles
ii)Gonorrhea
Thesymptomsofgonorrheainfectionaredifferentinwomenandmen.Peopleinfectedwith
gonorrheamayhavenosymptomsatall.Ifsymptomsdooccur,theyusuallyappeartwoto
sevendaysafterinfection.

Formenwhodoexperiencesymptoms,thesemayinclude:
aburningsensationwhenurinating
yellowish/whitedischargefromthepenis
burningoritchingattheopeningofthepenis
painfulorswollentesticles
Forwomen,theearlysymptomsofgonorrheaareoftenmildandmanyofthoseinfectedhaveno
symptomsatall.Inothercases,womenmaymistakethesymptomsforabladderorvaginal
infection.Forwomenwhodoexperiencesymptoms,thesecaninclude:
aburningsensationwhenurinating
vaginaldischarge
paininthelowerabdomen
painduringsex
vaginalbleedingbetweenperiodsoraftersex
Womenwithmildornosymptomsarestillatriskofseriouscomplicationsfromtheinfection.
Inbothmenandwomen,gonorrheacaninfecttherectum.Symptomsofrectalinfectionmay
include:
discharge
analitching
soreness
bleeding
painfulbowelmovements
Peopleinfectedthroughoralsexmayhaveasorethroat.
Evenwithoutsymptoms,gonorrheacanbetransmittedtoothers.Anyoneatriskshouldbetested.
iii)Herpes(Genital)
Women'ssymptomscaninclude:
soresinsideornearthevagina,thecervix,ontheexternalgenitals,neartheanus,oron
thethighsorbuttocks
tenderlumpsinthegroin(lymphadenopathy)
Men'ssymptomscaninclude:
soresonthepenis,aroundthetesticles,neartheanus,oronthethighsorbuttocks
tenderlumpsinthegroin(lymphadenopathy)
Forbothmenandwomen,thesoreswillusuallyoccuronorneartheareawheretheviruswas
transmitted.
iv)HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)
ManypeoplewhohaveHPVhavenosymptomsoftheinfection.Anogenitalwarts(alsocalled
Condylomata)areonesignofHPVinfection.Theymaylooklikeasmallcauliflowerormaybe
flat.ManypeoplewithHPVwillhavenoobvioussignsofinfectionbecausethewartsmaybe
insidethebodyorifontheskin,toosmalltobeseen.
Inwomen,wartsmayappearonthevulva,thigh,anus,rectum,orinthevaginaorurethrawith
thecervixbeingacommonHPVinfectionsite.Duringpregnancy,thenumberandsizeofwarts
canincrease,butusuallydecreaseafterdelivery.Withaninactiveinfection,thecellsofthe
cervixappearnormalunderamicroscopeduringaPaptestandthewomanmayneverknowshe

wasinfected.Withanactiveinfection,thecervicalcellsundergoachange.Anactiveinfection
canfollowoneoftwocourses:
Theabnormalcellsbecomenormalagainandtheinfectionisinactiveorclearedfrom
yourbodybyyourimmunesystem.However,itispossiblethataninactiveinfectioncan
becomeactiveagain,forreasonsthataren'tclearlyunderstood.
Theabnormalcellsslowlyprogresstocervicalcancer.
Inmen,thewartsmayappearonthepenis,scrotum,thigh,anus,rectum,orintheurethra.
v)Syphilis
Currentorpasthistoryoflesionsorrash(seeManifestations,above).
Ahighproportionofindividualsfailtorecallaprimarychancre.Footnote11
SymptomsandsignsmaybemodifiedinthepresenceofHIVcoinfection.Footnote21
5.Howareeachoftheabovetreatedorcured?
i)Chlamydia
Ifyouarediagnosedwithchlamydia,yourdoctorwillprescribeoralantibiotics.Asingledose
ofazithromycinortakingdoxycyclinetwicedailyfor7to14daysarethemostcommon
treatmentsandarethesameforthosewithorwithoutHIV.Withtreatment,theinfection
shouldclearupinaboutaweek
ii)Gonorrhea
Tocureagonorrheainfection,yourdoctorwillgiveyoueitheranoralorinjectableantibiotic.
Yourpartnershouldalsobetreatedatthesametimetopreventreinfectionandfurtherspreadof
thedisease.Itisimportanttotakeallofyourantibioticsevenifyoufeelbetter.
iii)Herpes(Genital)
Medicationscanreducethedurationandfrequencyofherpesoutbreaks.Theycanalsohelp
reducetheriskofHSVtype2transmissiontoasusceptiblepartner.
iv)HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)
nocure
v)Syphilis
Primaryandsecondarysyphilisareeasytotreatwithapenicillininjection.Penicillinisoneof
themostwidelyusedantibiotics.Itisusuallyeffectiveintreatingsyphilis.Peoplethatare
allergictopenicillinwillbetreatedwithadifferentoralantibiotic,suchastetracycline
6.Whataretheconsequencesofeachofthesediseases?
i)Chlamydia
Ifyouhaveanalintercoursewithsomeonewhohaschlamydia,itcancauserectalpain,
discharge,orbleeding.Ifleftuntreatedinwomen,theinfectioncancausePelvicInflammatory
Disease(PID),whichcanleadtolongtermpain,infertility,orevendeath.
ii)Gonorrhea
Inwomen,gonorrheaisacommoncauseofPelvicInflammatoryDisease(PID)....

Gonorrheacanalsocausearthritis.
Inmen,gonorrheacancauseepididymitis,apainfulconditionofthetesticlesthatcanleadto
infertilityifleftuntreated.
Gonorrheacanspreadtothebloodorjoints.
iii)Herpes(Genital)
HerpesisaviruscausedbytheType1andType2herpessimplexvirus,orHSV.Theherpes
virustransfersfrompersontopersonthroughdirectcontactofbodilyfluidswithaninfected
individual.Theviruscausesaneruptionofpainfulblistersintheareawherethevirusentersthe
body.Type1usuallyinfectstheareaaroundthemouth,andthetype2virususuallycauses
symptomsinthegenitalarea.Thereisnocureforherpes,andoutbreaksmayoccurduringtimes
ofstressorillness.Seriouscomplicationsandconsequencesmayoccurbecauseoftheherpes
virus.
iv)HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)
ThetypesofHPVthatcausegenitalwartsdonotcausecancer.Genitalwarts(alsocalled
Condylomata)maybeflatorlooklikeasmallcauliflower.Theycanappearonthevulva,cervix,
penis,scrotum,rectum,orthigharea.ThetypesofHPVthatcancausecancerareoftenasilent
infection.
v)Syphilis
Theconsequencesofuntreatedsyphiliscanbedetrimental.Ifleftuntreated,syphiliscanso
severelydamagetheheartthatonemayenterheartfailure.Itcanalsocauseneurologicalissues
suchasstrokesandseizuresandcaneventuallyleadtoblindness.Researchsuggeststhatsyphilis
whichremainsuntreatedmaymakeapersonmoresusceptibletoothersexuallytransmitted
diseasessuchasHIV.Inaddition,pregnantwomenwithsyphilismaybeleftwiththe
consequenceofpassingtheinfectionontotheirunbornchild.
7.FindaRELIABLEsourcetodescribethedifferenttypesofhepatitis:
i)HepA
ii)HepB
iii)HepC
8.Whatarethesymptomsofhepatitis?
i)HepA
ii)HepB
iii)HepC
9.Describethetreatmentsorcures?
i)HepA
ii)HepB
iii)HepC
l0.Whataretheconsequencesofeachofthethreetypesofhepatitis?
i)HepA
ii)HepB
iii)HepC