ALIGNMENT POROS

SHAFT ALIGNMENT
Definisi shaft alignment ?
Adjustment posisi relatif dari dua poros, ex. motor (driver &
pompa (driven).
Pengaturan posisi center pada kondisi operasi normal.

EFEK MISALIGNMENT
ROTATING MACHINERY

Distorsi poros (Shaft)

Konsumsi energi meningkat
Mengurangi umur bantalan
Kerusakan seal
Shut down tidak terjadwal.

Kondisi Aligned

Misaligned
seal terbuka kebocoran
dan kontaminasi

JENIS MISALIGNMENT

Parallel
misalignment
Angular
misalignment

IDENTIFIKASI MISALIGNMENT
Inspeksi peralatan

Kerusakan awal pada bearing, seal, shaft, or coupling

failures.

Temperatur tinggi pada bearings atau minyak pelumass

Kebocoran yang berlebihan pada seal

Longgar baut pengikat kaki

Longgar atau rusak baut pada kopling

Pecah atau rusak karet pada fleksibel kopling

INSPEKSI PERALATAN

Kerusakan tidak wajar pada kopling.

Retaknya poros pada bagian bearing
dekat kopling
Penambahan pelumas yang berlebihan

DATA ANALISA VIBRATION

Bentuk Vibrasi pada misalignment :
Vibrasi pada arah aksial.
High vibration at 1xTS or 2xTS in the
spectrum.
Signifikasi fase getaran 180 derajat

ANGULAR MISALIGNMENT
Spectrum

Phase

High axial vibration

both in 1X and 2X
rpm
180 Out-of-phase
across the coupling
(axial axial).

PARALLEL MISALIGNMENT
Spectrum

Phase

High radial vibration, 2x rpm

often larger than 1x rpm, but
its height relative to 1x rpm
is often dictated by coupling
type and construction
180 Out-of-phase across
the coupling (horizontal
horizontal or vertical
vertical)

INFRARED THERMOGRAPH

FLEXIBLE COUPLING

FONDASI DAN BASEPLATE

Bowed baseplate

Skewed baseplate

PREALIGNMENT
Sebelum melakukan alignment
Kondisi fondasi.
Kerusakan bearings, shafts, seals, couplings dll.
Poros bengkok
Softfoot

KOREKSI SOFT FOOT

Soft foot = gap antara mesin dengan fondasi

Diperbaiki sebelum alignment
Soft foot menyebabkan tegangan pada baut dan bearing

KOREKSI SOFTFOOT

Stress lines due to softfoot

Pre-loading bearing
due to softfoot

KOREKSI SOFTFOOT
Bentuk umum softfoot

KORESKSI SOFT FOOT

Dial Indicator
Install a dial indicator on the foot
and watching the movement
as you loosen the hold down bolt.
Laser Method
Mount the laser on the machine shaft
on either side of coupling
Loosen individual bolt and retighten
Read the live display

METODE ALIGNMENT

Straight edge and feeler gauge

Face & Rim
Reverse Indicator

STRAIGHT EDGE

FEELER GAUGE

FACE & RIM

PROSEDUR
1. Attached bracket firmly to one shaft and position

2.
3.
4.
5.

indicators on face and periphery of other shaft

Zero the indicators at the 12 oclock position
Rotate slowly the shaft and bracket arrangement through
90 degrees interval stopping at the 3, 6 & 9 oclock
positions. Record each reading (+ or -)
Return to the 12 oclock position to see if the indicators rezero
Repeat steps 2 through 4 to verify the first of readings

FACE & RIM

REVERSE INDICATOR
PROSEDUR
1. Attached bracket(s) firmly to one shaft(s) and position
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.

indicator(s) on face and periphery of other shaft(s)

Zero the indicator(s) at the 12 oclock position
Rotate slowly the shaft and bracket arrangement through
90 degrees interval stopping at the 3, 6 & 9 oclock
positions. Record each reading (+ or -)
Return to the 12 oclock position to see if the indicator(s)
re-zero
Repeat steps 2 through 4 to verify the first of readings
If one bracket was used, mount bracket on other shaft
and repeat steps 1 through 5

REVERSE INDICATOR

DIAL INDICATOR MOUNTING

Mounting buruk

The stem does not perpendicular

to the reading surface

Mounting benar

DIAL INDIKATOR

Dial tidak menyentuh

VALIDASI PEMBACAAN

kiri + kanan = atas + bawah

PERPINDAHAN PERALATAN

Vertical movement

Horizontal movement

Axial movement

CARA PEMBACAAN

Apabila harga pergerakan

dial dari arah jam 12 ke jam
6
Aktuak offset =
selish indikatir pada dial

Axial view of the shaft

CARA MEMBACA

Solusi matematis
(+) = the unit has to be raised
(add shim) for vertical
movement or moved to the
left for horizontal
movement
(-) = the unit has to be lowered
or moved to the right

CARA PEMBACAAN

Solusi matematis
(+) = the unit has to be raised
(add shim) for vertical
movement or moved to the
left for horizontal
movement
(-) = the unit has to be lowered
or moved to the right

ALIGNMENT
(Metode graphis)

ALIGNMENT
(Metode graphis)

Position of the driven shaft when the bottom reading is negative (-)

ALIGNMENT
(Metode graphis)

Position of the driven shaft when the bottom reading is positive (+)

ALIGNMENT
(Metode graphis)

Position of the driver shaft when the bottom reading is negative (-)

ALIGNMENT
(Metode graphis)

Position of the driver shaft when the bottom reading is positive (+)

LASER ALIGNMENT

LASER ALIGNMENT

LASER ALIGNMENT

LASER ALIGNMENT
Keuntungan
Cepat
Panjang poros sampai 20 m
Ketelitian tinggi
Perhitungan otomatis
Pengaruh temp. kecil
Kekurangan
Dikalibrasi secara periodik

TOLERANSI ALIGNMENT

CSI Recommended
Tolerances for
Shaft Alignment

Fixturlaser
Recommended
Tolerances for
Shaft Alignment

LASER ALIGNMENT

Ludeca Recommended
Tolerances for Shaft
Alignment

John Piotrowski