DATABASE MODELS

PRESENTED BY
DHEERAJ
SRINATH
131GCMA035

DATABASE MODELS
Adatabase modelis a type ofdata
modelthat determines the logical
structure of adatabaseand fundamentally
determines in which mannerdatacan be
stored, organized, and manipulated.
Hierarchical

Database Model
Network Model
Relational Model
Entity- relationship Model
Object oriented

HIERARCHICAL DATABASE MODEL

The hierarchical data model organizes

data in a tree structure.
There is a hierarchy of parent and child
data segments.
This structure implies that a record can
have repeating information, generally in
the child data segments.
Data in a series of records, which have a
set of field values attached to it.

Cont..

It collects all the instances of a specific record

together as a record type.
These record types are the equivalent of tables
in the relational model, and with the individual
records being the equivalent of rows.
To create links between these record types, the
hierarchical model uses Parent Child
Relationships.
These are a 1:N mapping between record
types.

Hierarchical Model
Diagram

NETWORK MODEL

TheNetwork Database Modelwas created

for three main purposes. These purposes
include representing a complex data
relationship more effectively, improving
database performance, and imposing a
database standard.
The schema, subschema, and data
management language are a few of the
key components that make this database
model unique.

The schema used for this model is

conceptual organization of the entire
database as the database administrator
intends.

The subschema defines the database portion

as seen by the application programs that
produce the information from the raw data
that is contained in the given database.

Advantages of this model include

conceptual simplicity, data access
flexibility, conformance to standards,
handle more relationship types, promote
database integrity, and allows for data
independence.
Disadvantages of the network database
model are the structure is difficult to
change, this type of system is very
complex, and there is a lack of structural
independence.

Network Model Diagram

RELATIONAL MODEL

The data is organized in two dimensional tables

called relations. The relations are related to each
other.
Relational model is most widely used data model for
commercial data-processing. The reason its used
so much is, because its simple and easy to
maintain.
The model is based on a collection of tables. Users
of the database can create tables, insert new tables
or modify existing tables. There are several
languages for database programming.

SQL, Oracle, etc.

The relational model gives us a single way

to represent data: as a two-dimensional
table called a relation.
Attributes
Schemas
Tuples
Domains
Equivalent Representations of a Relation

Relational Model Diagram

ENTITY- RELATIONSHIP MODEL

The entity-relationship model is a way of

graphically representing the logical
relationships of entities (orobjects) in order to
create adatabase.
ER model resembles the graphical breakdown
of a sentence into its grammatical parts.
Entities are rendered as points, polygons,
circles, or ovals. Relationships are portrayed
as lines connecting the points, polygons,
circles, or ovals.

Any ER diagram has an equivalent

relational table, and any relational table
has an equivalent ER diagram. ER
diagramming is an invaluable aid to
engineers in the design, optimization, and
debugging of database programs.
In a logical sense, entities are the
equivalent of grammatical nouns, such as
employees, departments, products, or
networks.

Anentitycan be defined by means of its

properties, called attributes.
Relationships are the equivalent of verbs
or associations, such as the act of
purchasing, the act of repairing, being a
member of a group, or being a supervisor
of a department.
A relationship can be defined according to
the number of entities associated with it,
known as the degree.

Entity Relationship Model

Diagram

Object Oriented model

An object database is a database

management system in which
information is represented in the form of
objects as used in object-oriented
programming.
Object databases are different from
relational databases which are tableoriented. Object-relational databases are
a hybrid of both approaches.

In OODB, every entity is an object. Tables here are

a collection of objects and even table is an object.
Similar objects can be classified to classes and sub
classes.
Characteristics of an object are referred to as
attributes.
An object inherits properties from its high level
classes thus following inheritance.
Structure and data of objects are encapsulated.
Objects are identified by using unique identifiers
known as a handle.