Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Wireless
Wireless CDMA
CDMA RF
RF
Performance
Performance Optimization
Optimization
August, 2007
RF200 - 1
Contents
Chapter
1. Introduction
2. Foundation Topics
Layer-3 Messaging
Call Processing
Performance Indicators and Problem Signatures
PN Planning and Search Windows
2. Analyzing System Performance
System Data and Analysis Techniques
3. Mobile Field Tools and Data Analysis
Autonomous Mobile Data Collection
Conventional Field Data Collection Tools
4. Multiple Carrier Systems: Operating Principles and Analysis
5. Applied Optimization
6. 1xRTT Optimization Issues
Appendix I. Cell Loading Example
Appendix II. CDMA/3g1x Books, Publications, Web Resources
August, 2007
RF200 - 2
Course RF200
Introduction
Introduction to
to Performance
Performance
Optimization
Optimization
August, 2007
RF200 - 3
August, 2007
RF200 - 4
BTS
BTS
FORWARD
LINK
August, 2007
BTS C
BTS B
BTS A
Ec/Io
BTS
-10
available
power
Traffic
Channels
In use
Paging
Sync
Pilot
RF200 - 5
BTS
BTS
BTS C
BTS B
BTS A
Ec/Io
BTS
-10
Reality Check:
FORWARD
LINK
August, 2007
available
power
Traffic
Channels
In use
Paging
Sync
Pilot
RF200 - 6
360
A
360+33c
BTS
B
BTS
No
Available
Power!
Traffic
Channels
In Use
Paging
Sync
Pilot
BTS Rx Pwr
Overload
CEs
Vocoders
Selectors
BTS A
PN 100
BTS B
PN 99
ACTIVE SEARCH WINDOW
1 mile
11 miles
August, 2007
RF200 - 7
August, 2007
RF200 - 8
Drivers/Objectives
Activities
Main Tools
Success Indicators
RF Design and
Cell Planning
Prop. Models,
Test Transmitters,
planning tools
Model results
New Cluster
Testing and
Cell Integration
Drive-test tools;
cell diagnostics and
hardware test
Solve Specific
Performance
Problems
Identify problems
from complaints or
statistics; fix them!
Drive-test tools,
system stats,
customer reports
Identified
problems are
resolved
Well-System
Performance
Management
System statistics
Acceptable levels
and good trends
for all indicators
Capacity
Optimization
Manage congested
areas for most
effective performance
Smart optimization
of parameters;
system statistics
Stats-Derived
indicators; carried
traffic levels
Sectors are
expanded soon
after first signs of
congestion;
capital budget
remains within
comfortable
bounds
Growth
Management:
Optimizing both
Performance
and Capital
Effectiveness
Q hello
August, 2007
Overall traffic
increases and
congestion;
competition for capital
during tight times
RF200 - 9
Course RF200
CDMA2000
CDMA2000 Layer
Layer 33 Messages
Messages
August, 2007
RF200 - 10
Messages in CDMA
Q In CDMA, most call processing events are driven by messages
Q Some CDMA channels exist for the sole purpose of carrying
messages; they never carry users voice traffic
Sync Channel (a forward channel)
Paging Channel (a forward channel)
Access Channel (a reverse channel)
Forward or Reverse Dedicated Control Channels
On these channels, there are only messages, not voice or data
Q Some CDMA channels exist just to carry user traffic
Forward Fundamental and Supplemental Channels
Reverse Fundamental and Supplemental Channels
On these channels, most of the time is filled with traffic and
messages are sent only when there is something to do
Q All CDMA messages have very similar structure, regardless of the
channel on which they are sent
August, 2007
RF200 - 11
EXAMPLE:
A POWER MEASUREMENT
REPORT MESSAGE
MSG_TYPE (00000110)
ACK_SEQ
MSG_SEQ
ACK_REQ
ENCRYPTION
ERRORS_DETECTED
POWER_MEAS_FRAMES
10
LAST_HDM_SEQ
NUM_PILOTS
August, 2007
Length
(in bits)
Field
6
0-7
RF200 - 12
Sync Channel
No Messages
Paging Channel
Access Parameters Msg
Order Msg
BTS
Access Channel
Registration Msg
Order Msg
Mobile Station Acknowldgment
Long Code Transition Request
SSD Update Confirmation
many others..
Extended System
Parameters Msg
Channel Assignment
Msg
Origination Msg
Extended Neighbor
List Msg
Global Service
Redirection Msg
Authentication
Challenge Msg
Authentication Challenge
Response Msg
TMSI Assignment
Completion Message
Null Msg
August, 2007
RF200 - 13
Alert With
Information Msg
Origination
Continuation Msg
Authentication
Challenge Msg
Authentication Challenge
Response Msg
Service Connect
Completion Message
TMSI Assignment
Completion Message
Service Option
Control Msg
Parameters Response
Message
Power Control
Parameters Msg.
Flash With
Information Msg
Flash With
Information Msg
Power Measurement
Report Msg
Order Message
Analog Handoff
Direction Msg
Extended Handoff
Direction Msg
Pilot Strength
Measurement Msg
Neighbor List
Update Msg
Mobile Station
Registered Msg
In-Traffic System
Parameters Msg
August, 2007
RF200 - 14
Course RF200
CDMA
CDMA Call
Call Processing
Processing Basics
Basics
August, 2007
RF200 - 15
RF200 - 16
Course RF200
Let's
Let's Acquire
Acquire The
The System!
System!
August, 2007
RF200 - 17
GLOBAL SERVICE
REDIRECTION MSG
REGISTRATION
MESSAGE
PROBE INFORMATION
August, 2007
RF200 - 18
Traffic Correlator
PN xxx Walsh xx
AGC
Duplexer
RF
Open Loop
RF
Transmitter
RF Section
August, 2007
Traffic Correlator
PN xxx Walsh xx
bits
Symbols
time-aligned
Receiver
RF Section
IF, Detector
control
Traffic Correlator
PN xxx Walsh xx
power
Chips
Digital
Rake Receiver
Symbols
Traffic Correlator
PN xxx Walsh xx
summing
Viterbi Decoder,
Convl. Decoder,
Demultiplexer
Packets
Audio
Messages
Pilot Searcher
PN xxx Walsh 0
CPU
Vocoder
Audio
Messages
RF200 - 19
824 MHz.
845
849
870
825
890
880
869
846.5
894
891.5
1850MHz.
E F
unlic. unlic.
data voice
1910MHz.
E F
1930MHz.
C
1990 MHz.
FREQUENCY LISTS:
HISTORY
LIST/MRU
Last-used:
Freq
Freq
Freq
Freq
Freq
etc.
PREFERRED
ROAMING
LIST/PRL
System1
System2
System3
System4
System5
etc.
RF200 - 20
MRU
PRL
Acq Idx
Yes
Go to last
Strongest
frequency
PN, read
from MRU
Sync
No Signal
Is SID
permitted?
Denied SID
Legend
August, 2007
No
Read
Paging
Channel
Last Resort:
GEO escape
Or Analog
Steps from
the CDMA
standards
Is better
SID
available?
Steps from
proprietary
SDAs
Proprietary
SDA
databases
Typical Mobile
System Determination Algorithm
RF200 - 21
Ec/Io
-20
Chips 0
PN 0
32K
SYNC CHANNEL MESSAGE 512
Rake Receiver
F1 PN168 W32
RF
LO
F2 PN168 W32
n Rake Fingers
o
p
F3 PN168 W32
Srch PN??? W0
August, 2007
Reference PN
RF200 - 22
August, 2007
ACQUISITION TABLE
NEG/
NID PREF
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
65535 Pref
GEO
NEW
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
NEW
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
SAME
a GEO GROUP
SID
4144
4812
205
208
208
342
342
478
1038
1050
1058
1375
1385
143
143
4103
4157
312
444
444
1008
1012
1014
1688
113
113
179
179
465
2119
2094
1005
1013
a GEO GROUP
INDEX
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
Climb!
ROAMING LIST
ACQ ROAM
PRI INDEX IND
SAME 13
1
MORE 21
1
SAME
4
0
MORE 37
0
SAME
4
0
MORE 37
0
SAME
4
0
SAME
4
0
SAME
4
0
SAME
4
0
SAME
4
0
SAME
4
0
MORE
4
0
MORE 37
0
MORE
4
0
SAME
3
1
MORE
2
1
SAME
4
0
MORE 37
0
SAME
4
0
SAME
4
0
SAME
4
0
SAME
4
0
MORE
4
0
MORE 37
0
SAME
4
0
MORE 37
0
SAME
4
0
SAME
4
0
MORE
4
0
MORE
4
0
SAME
4
0
SAME
4
0
CH1
500
575
50
25
Both
450
675
250
550
75
200
425
500
500
650
25
425
200
825
350
750
325
1150
350
25
50
500
A
B
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
B
Both
350
25
675
850
650
450
325
150
1025
CH2
425
625
100
200
CH3
825
500
75
350
CH4
575
425
475
375
500
500
50
375
50
250
500
575
625
500
50
550
50
850
325
725
725
1175
875
1175
200
1075
350
600
175
425
175
175
575
475
350
675
375
225
175
925
375
775
350
575
575
650
475
625
250
50
25
25
50
25
350
725
375
325
675
375
75
250
750
250
325
825
25
850
375 1175
200 75 175 250
100 250 75
825
825
100
600
750
825
725
650
775 575 725 425
425 50 575
175
775
675
25
750
375
475
350 375 1025 1050 1075
475 625 675
1050 1075
RF200 - 23
Ec/Io
-20
Chips 0
PN 0
32K
512
SYNC CHANNEL MESSAGE
Active Pilot
Handset
Rake Fingers
Rake Receiver
F1 PN168 W32
RF
LO
F2 PN168 W32
n
o
p
F3 PN168 W32
Srch PN??? W0
August, 2007
Ref.
PN
Go to the
Paging
Channel!
RF200 - 24
Course RF200
After
After finding
finding the
the right
right system:
system:
Normal
Normal Paging
Paging Channel
Channel Operation
Operation
August, 2007
RF200 - 25
RF200 - 26
Ec/Io
-20
Chips 0
PN 0
Read the
Configuration Messages
Access Parameters Msg
Active Pilot
Handset
Rake Receiver
F1 PN168 W01
RF
x
LO
F2 PN168 W01
32K
512
Extended System
Parameters Msg (*opt.)
(Extended*) Neighbor
List Msg
n Rake Fingers
o
p
Global Service
Redirection Msg (*opt.)
F3 PN168 W01
Srch PN??? W0
Reference PN
August, 2007
RF200 - 27
August, 2007
MS
Probing
an Access Probe
a Probe Sequence
an Access Attempt
RF200 - 28
Origination Msg
ACCESS
Success!
BTS
MS
Probing
an Access Probe
a Probe Sequence
an Access Attempt
PAGING Base Sta. Acknlgmt. Order
FW TFC TFC frames of 000s
PAGING
FW FC
FW TFC
Call is Established!
RF200 - 29
August, 2007
Mode period
RF200 - 30
Configuration Messages:
Extended System Parameters Message
QcpCdmaLogMsgPagingChan
01/18/2006 16:19:51
MSG_LENGTH: 21 octets
PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_TYPE: Extended System Parameters Message
PILOT_PN: 4 CONFIG_MSG_SEQ: 25
DELETE_FOR_TMSI: No USE_TMSI: No
PREF_MSID_TYPE: IMSI and ESN
MCC: 1134 IMSI_11_12: 813
TMSI_ZONE_LEN: 1 octet TMSI_ZONE: 0
BCAST_INDEX: Disable Periodic Broadcast Paging
IMSI_T_SUPPORTED: No
P_REV: IS-2000 Revision 0 MIN_P_REV: J-STD-008
SOFT_SLOPE: 0 ADD_INTERCEPT: 0 dB
DROP_INTERCEPT: 0 dB
PACKET_ZONE_ID: 33 MAX_NUM_ALT_SO: 0
RESELECT_INCLUDED: No PILOT_REPORT: No
NGHBR_SET_ENTRY_INFO: No
NGHBR_SET_ACCESS_INFO: No
BROADCAST_GPS_ASST: No
QPCH_SUPPORTED: Yes
NUM_QPCH: 1 QPCH_RATE: 9600 bps
QPCH_POWER_LEVEL_PAGE: 3 dB below Pilot Channel Transmit Power
QPCH_CCI_SUPPORTED: Yes
QPCH_POWER_LEVEL_CONFIG: 3 dB below Pilot Channel Transmit Power
SDB_SUPPORTED: No
RLGAIN_TRAFFIC_PILOT: 0.000000 dB
REV_PWR_CNTL_DELAY_INCL: No
AUTO_MSG_SUPPORTED: No
August, 2007
RF200 - 31
Configuration Messages:
Variations of the Neighbor List Message
QcpCdmaLogMsgPagingChan
04/03/2002 22:17:52
MSG_LENGTH: 24 octets
PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_TYPE: Neighbor List Message
PILOT_PN: 44
CONFIG_MSG_SEQ: 47
PILOT_INC: 4
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 216
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 384
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 304
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 472
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 368
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 224
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 324
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 492
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 152
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 24
RESERVED: 0
August, 2007
QcpCdmaLogMsgPagingChan
04/16/2003 19:08:07
MSG_LENGTH: 42 octets
PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_TYPE: Extended Neighbor List Message
PILOT_PN: 213
CONFIG_MSG_SEQ: 10
PILOT_INC: 3
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 45 SEARCH_PRIORITY: Very High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 381 SEARCH_PRIORITY: Very High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 300 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 198 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 363 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 195 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 27 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 177 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 219 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 207 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 375 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 237 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 21 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 357 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 189 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 210 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 378 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 42 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High FREQ_INCL: No
RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 32
Configuration Messages:
More Variations of the Neighbor List Message
QcpCdmaLogMsgPagingChan
04/03/2002 22:43:16
MSG_LENGTH: 33 octets PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_TYPE: General Neighbor List Message
PILOT_PN: 380 CONFIG_MSG_SEQ: 8 PILOT_INC: 4
NGHBR_SRCH_MODE: Search Priorities
NGHBR_CONFIG_PN_INCL: Yes
FREQ_FIELDS_INCL: No USE_TIMING: No
NUM_NGHBR: 12
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 212 SEARCH_PRIORITY: Very High
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 40 SEARCH_PRIORITY: Very High
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 504 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 428 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 32 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 372 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 132 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 448 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 12 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 352 SEARCH_PRIORITY: High
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 260 SEARCH_PRIORITY: Medium
NGHBR_CONFIG: 0 NGHBR_PN: 184 SEARCH_PRIORITY: Medium
NUM_ANALOG_NGHBR: 0 SRCH_OFFSET_INCL: No
ADD_PILOT_REC_INCL: No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No
SRCH_OFFSET_NGHBR: 0 BCCH_IND_INCL: No
RESQ_ENABLED: No RESQ_DELAY_TIME: 0
RESQ_ALLOWED_TIME: 0 RESQ_ATTEMPT_TIME: 0
RESQ_CODE_CHAN: 0 RESQ_QOF: 0
RESQ_MIN_PERIOD_INCL: No RESQ_MIN_PERIOD: 0
RESQ_NUM_TOT_TRANS_INCL: 0 RESQ_NUM_TOT_TRANS_20MS: 0
RESQ_NUM_TOT_TRANS_5MS: 0 RESQ_NUM_PREAMBLE_RC1_RC2: 0
RESQ_NUM_PREAMBLE: 0 RESQ_POWER_DELTA: 0
NGHBR_RESQ_CONFIGURED: No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No, No
August, 2007
RF200 - 33
Configuration Messages:
CDMA Channel List Message
QcpCdmaLogMsgPagingChan
04/03/2002 22:17:52
MSG_LENGTH: 11 octets
PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_TYPE: CDMA Channel List Message
PILOT_PN: 44
CONFIG_MSG_SEQ: 47
CDMA_FREQ: 384
CDMA_FREQ: 425
RESERVED: 0
QcpCdmaLogMsgPagingChan
04/03/2002 22:17:52
MSG_LENGTH: 10 octets
PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_TYPE: Extended CDMA Channel List Message
PILOT_PN: 44
CONFIG_MSG_SEQ: 47
NUM_FREQ: 1
CDMA_FREQ: 384
RC_QPCH_SEL_INCL: No
TD_SEL_INCL: No
RESERVED: 0
Q The CDMA Channel List message lists all carrier frequencies equipped on
the current sector for use by IS-95 mobiles
Q The Extended Channel List message lists all carrier frequencies equipped
on the current sector for use by 1xRTT mobiles
Q After receiving the appropriate message, a IS-95 or 1xRTT mobile
immediately uses the hashing formula to determine its appropriate
frequency from the list. The mobile immediately starts listening to the
paging channel on that carrier.
Q This set of messages provides a simple way to evenly distribute idle
mobiles among the available carriers for traffic balancing reasons
August, 2007
RF200 - 34
August, 2007
RF200 - 35
Hashing Examples
Q Try your own phone in the spreadsheet Hashing.xls (in utilities folder)
Hashing Examples
v2. 1-28-2000
How Many
Key in red-shaded Frequencies?
values
2
40.96
81.92
163.84
512
1024
2048
10 Digit IMSI
Use Freq. #
Use PCH #
0
Slot#
6153000124
6153000125
6153000126
6153000127
6153000128
6153000129
6153000130
6153000131
6153000132
6153000133
15
31
63
127
127
383
895
895
11
27
27
27
27
27
539
1563
69
69
69
69
69
67
195
451
451
1475
24
24
24
152
152
152
1176
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
11
27
27
27
27
27
539
1563
33
97
225
225
737
737
40
40
40
40
552
552
19
51
115
243
243
755
755
August, 2007
1
2
Slot# Slot#
3
Slot#
4
Slot#
5
Slot#
6
Slot#
7
Slot#
RF200 - 36
Configuration Messages:
Global Service Redirection Message
QcpCdmaLogMsgPagingChan
01/05/2005 19:20:09
MSG_LENGTH: 15 octets
PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_TYPE: Global Service Redirection Message
PILOT_PN: 6 CONFIG_MSG_SEQ: 35
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_0): Yes
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_1): Yes
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_2): Yes
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_3): Yes
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_4): Yes
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_5): Yes
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_6): Yes
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_7): Yes
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_8): Yes
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_9): Yes
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_10): No
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_11): No
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_12): No
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_13): No
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_14): No
REDIRECT_ACCOLC (ACCOLC_15): No
RETURN_IF_FAIL: No DELETE_TMSI: No
EXCL_P_REV_MS: No
RECORD_TYPE: Redirection to An Analog System
RECORD_LEN: 3 octets
EXPECTED_SID: 0 IGNORE_CDMA: No
SYS_ORDERING: Attempt To Obtain Service On Either System
A Or System B. If Unsuccessful, Attempt Alternate System
MAX_REDIRECT_DELAY: 0 sec
August, 2007
RF200 - 37
MRU
PRL
Acq Idx
Yes
Go to last
Strongest
frequency
PN, read
from MRU
Sync
No Signal
Is SID
permitted?
Denied SID
CDMA Ch
List Message
HASH using
IMSI
Global Svc
Redir Msg
my ACCOLC?
redirect
F3
F2
F1
Config
Messages:
remain
Legend
August, 2007
No
Read
Paging
Channel
Last Resort:
GEO escape
Or Analog
Steps from
the CDMA
standards
Is better
SID
available?
Steps from
proprietary
SDAs
Proprietary
SDA
databases
to Analog
RF200 - 38
August, 2007
RF200 - 39
Ec/Io
-20
SRCH_WIN_A
Chips 0
PN 0
Mobile Rake RX
F1 PN168 W01
Active Pilot
Rake Fingers
SRCH_WIN_N
Reference PN
n
o
p
32K
512
F2 PN168 W01
F3 PN168 W01
Srch PN??? W0
Neighbor Set
RF200 - 40
August, 2007
RF200 - 41
August, 2007
RF200 - 42
ACTIVE_PILOT_STRENGTH: -9.00 dB
FIRST_IS_ACTIVE: Yes FIRST_IS_PTA: No NUM_ADD_PILOTS: 1
PILOT_PN_PHASE: PN:189 + 0 chips
PILOT_STRENGTH: -12.50 dB ACCESS_HO_EN: Yes
ACCESS_ATTEMPTED: No MOB_TERM: Yes
SLOT_CYCLE_INDEX: 5.12 MOB_P_REV: IS-2000 Revision 0
SCM: Band Class 1, Dual Mode, Slotted, Continuous, Class III
REQUEST_MODE: CDMA Only SPECIAL_SERVICE: Yes
SERVICE_OPTION: Standard: EVRC (8 kbps) PM: No
DIGIT_MODE: 4-bit DTMF Codes MORE_FIELDS: No
NUM_FIELDS: 10 CHARi: 6 6 2 3 2 8 9 0 3 9 NAR_AN_CAP: No
PACA_REORIG: User Directed Origination RETURN_CAUSE: Normal Access
MORE_RECORDS: No PACA_SUPPORTED: No
NUM_ALT_SO: 0 DRS: No UZID_INCL: No
CH_IND: Fundamental Channel SR_ID: 1
OTD_SUPPORTED: No QPCH_SUPPORTED: Yes
ENHANCED_RC: Yes FOR_RC_PREF: 3 REV_RC_PREF: 3
FCH_SUPPORTED: Yes FCH_FRAME_SIZE: Supports only 20 ms Frame Sizes
FOR_FCH_LEN: 2 RC1: Yes RC2: Yes RC3: Yes RC4: Yes RC5: Yes RC6: No
REV_FCH_LEN: 2 RC1: Yes RC2: Yes RC3: Yes RC4: Yes RC5: No RC6: No
DCCH_SUPPORTED: No GEO_LOC_INCL: No REV_FCH_GATING_REQ: Yes
RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 43
Course RF200
Lets
Lets Register!
Register!
August, 2007
RF200 - 44
Registration
Q Registration is the process by which an idle mobile lets the system
know its awake and available for incoming calls
this allows the system to inform the mobiles home switch of
the mobiles current location, so that incoming calls can be
delivered
registration also allows the system to intelligently page the
mobile only in the area where the mobile is currently located,
thereby eliminating useless congestion on the paging channels
in other areas of the system
Q There are many different conditions that could trigger an obligation
for the mobile to register
there are flags in the System Parameters Message which tell
the mobile when it must register on the current system
August, 2007
RF200 - 45
GLOBAL SERVICE
REDIRECTION MSG
REGISTRATION
MESSAGE
PROBE INFORMATION
August, 2007
RF200 - 46
Mobile Registration
QcpCdmaLogMsgAccessChan
09/22/2004 14:03:08
MSG_LENGTH: 21 octets
PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_ID: Registration Message
ACK_SEQ: 7 MSG_SEQ: 7 ACK_REQ: 1
VALID_ACK: 0 ACK_TYPE: 2
MSID_TYPE: IMSI and ESN
MSID_LEN: 9 octets
ESN: D:25411321874 H:FEACC212
IMSI_CLASS: 0 IMSI_CLASS_0_TYPE: IMSI_S included
RESERVED: 0 IMSI_S: 8436840009
AUTH_MODE: 0
REG_TYPE: Zone-Based
SLOT_CYCLE_INDEX: 2.56
MOB_P_REV: J-STD-008
EXT_SCM: Band Class 1 RESERVED: 0
SLOTTED_MODE: Yes RESERVED: 0
MOB_TERM: Yes RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 47
Feature
Feature Notification:
Notification:
You
You Have
Have Voicemail!
Voicemail!
August, 2007
RF200 - 48
ACCESS CHANNEL
FEATURE NOTIFICATION
MESSAGE (MSG WTG)
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
PROBE INFORMATION
August, 2007
RF200 - 49
Feature Notification
QcpCdmaLogMsgPagingChan
04/03/2002 22:44:05
MSG_LENGTH: 16 octets
PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_TYPE: Feature Notification Message
ACK_SEQ: 2 MSG_SEQ: 7 ACK_REQ: Yes
VALID_ACK: Yes
ADDR_TYPE: IMSI
ADDR_LEN: 5 octets
IMSI_CLASS: 0 IMSI_CLASS_0_TYPE: IMSI_S included
RESERVED: 0
IMSI_S: 9145899573
RELEASE: No
RECORD_TYPE: Message Waiting
RECORD_LEN: 1 octet
MSG_COUNT: 1 RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 50
Example 4
Lets
Lets Receive
Receive an
an Incoming
Incoming
Call!
Call!
August, 2007
RF200 - 51
August, 2007
RF200 - 52
ACCESS CHANNEL
GENERAL PAGE
MESSAGE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT
MESSAGE
FORWARD TRAFFIC CHANNEL
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
SERVICE CONNECT
MESSAGE
ALERT WITH INFORMATION
MESSAGE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
August, 2007
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
SERVICE CONNECT
COMPLETE MESSAGE
MOBILE STATION
ACK ORDER
CONNECT
MESSAGE
RF200 - 53
August, 2007
RF200 - 54
August, 2007
RF200 - 55
QcpCdmaLogMsgForTrafChan
09/22/2004 13:33:57
MSG_LENGTH: 8 octets
MSG_TYPE: Order Message
ACK_SEQ: 7 MSG_SEQ: 0 ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
USE_TIME: No ACTION_TIME: 0 ms
ORDER: Base Station Acknowledgement Order
ADD_RECORD_LEN: 0 octets RESERVED: 0
QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
09/22/2004 13:33:57
MSG_LENGTH: 10 octets
MSG_TYPE: Pilot Strength Measurement Message
ACK_SEQ: 0 MSG_SEQ: 0 ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
REF_PN: 8 PILOT_STRENGTH: -9.00 dB KEEP: Yes
PILOT_PN_PHASE: PN:0 + 0 chips
PILOT_STRENGTH: -8.00 dB KEEP: Yes
RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 56
QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
09/22/2004 13:33:57
MSG_LENGTH: 6 octets
MSG_TYPE: Service Connect Completion Message
ACK_SEQ: 0 MSG_SEQ: 1 ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
RESERVED: 0 SERV_CON_SEQ: 0 RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 57
August, 2007
QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
09/22/2004 13:33:58
MSG_LENGTH: 7 octets
MSG_TYPE: Order Message
ACK_SEQ: 2 MSG_SEQ: 2 ACK_REQ: No
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
ORDER: Mobile Station Acknowledgement Order
ADD_RECORD_LEN: 0 octets RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 58
QcpCdmaLogMsgForTrafChan
09/22/2004 13:33:58
MSG_LENGTH: 8 octets
MSG_TYPE: Order Message
ACK_SEQ: 3 MSG_SEQ: 5 ACK_REQ: No
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
USE_TIME: No ACTION_TIME: 0 ms
ORDER: Base Station Acknowledgement Order
ADD_RECORD_LEN: 0 octets
RESERVED: 0
QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
09/22/2004 13:33:58
MSG_LENGTH: 7 octets
MSG_TYPE: Order Message
ACK_SEQ: 3 MSG_SEQ: 3 ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
ORDER: Connect Order
ADD_RECORD_LEN: 0 octets
RESERVED: 0
August, 2007
RF200 - 59
Course RF200
Lets
Lets Make
Make An
An Outgoing
Outgoing Call!
Call!
August, 2007
RF200 - 60
August, 2007
RF200 - 61
ACCESS CHANNEL
ORIGINATION MESSAGE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
PROBE INFORMATION
CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT
MESSAGE
FORWARD TRAFFIC CHANNEL
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
SERVICE CONNECT
MESSAGE
August, 2007
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
SERVICE CONNECT
COMPLETE MESSAGE
RF200 - 62
August, 2007
RF200 - 63
QcpCdmaLogMsgPagingChan
04/03/2002 22:43:16
MSG_LENGTH: 29 octets PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_TYPE: Extended Channel Assignment Message
ACK_SEQ: 5 MSG_SEQ: 1 ACK_REQ: No VALID_ACK: Yes
ADDR_TYPE: ESN ADDR_LEN: 4 octets ESN: D:11600081479 H:74013E47
RESERVED_1: 0 ADD_RECORD_LEN: 15 octets
ASSIGN_MODE: Enhanced Traffic Channel Assignment
RESERVED_2: 0 FREQ_INCL: Yes
BAND_CLASS: 800 MHz Cellular Band CDMA_FREQ: 384
BYPASS_ALERT_ANSWER: No
GRANTED_MODE: MS use Service Configuration of default Multiplex Option and
Transmission Rates
DEFAULT_CONFIG: Reserved
FOR_RC: RC 3 REV_RC: RC 3 FRAME_OFFSET: 12.50 ms
ENCRYPT_MODE: Encryption Disabled
FPC_SUBCHAN_GAIN: 0.0 dB RLGAIN_ADJ: 0 dB NUM_PILOTS: 0 Pilots
CH_IND: Fundamental Channel CH_RECORD_LEN: 7 octets
FPC_FCH_INIT_SETPT: 7.000 dB
FPC_FCH_FER: 0.5% - 10% (in units of 0.5%)
FPC_FCH_MIN_SETPT: 3.000 dB FPC_FCH_MAX_SETPT: 8.000 dB
PILOT_PN: 380 ADD_PILOT_REC_INCL: No PWR_COMB_IND: No
CODE_CHAN_FCH: 33 QOF_MASK_ID_FCH: 0 3X_FCH_INFO_INCL: No
REV_FCH_GATING_MODE: No 3XFL_1XRL_INCL: No RESERVED: 0
August, 2007
RF200 - 64
QcpCdmaLogMsgForTrafChan
04/03/2002 22:43:17
MSG_LENGTH: 8 octets
MSG_TYPE: Order Message
ACK_SEQ: 7
MSG_SEQ: 0
ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
USE_TIME: No
ACTION_TIME: 0 ms
ORDER: Base Station Acknowledgement Order
ADD_RECORD_LEN: 0 octets RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 65
August, 2007
RF200 - 66
August, 2007
RF200 - 67
Access Failures
Q In an access failure, the mobile never hears an acknowledgment of its
probes by the base station
Q From the mobile side, it is not possible to know absolutely whether the
problem is the reverse link (base station not hearing mobile) or the
forward link (the mobile not hearing the base stations acknowledgments)
general RF indications may help for example, if Ec/Io is poor, then
the forward link is stressed and may be the problem
if mobile transmit power is near maximum during the probes, then the
problem may be on the reverse link (high reverse power at the base
station receiver due to heavy traffic, a rogue mobile, or a foreign
interferer)
Q After the access failure, if the mobile reselects a different PN than it was
using during the probes, the newly discovered strong sector may have
been the interference source preventing reception earlier
check to see if Access Entry Handoff and Access Handoff can be
enabled to avoid this type of problem
August, 2007
RF200 - 68
SYNC CHANNEL
SYNC CHANNEL MESSAGE
August, 2007
RF200 - 69
August, 2007
Q This is a sequence of
messages leading up to an
access failure
Q The mobile will follow the
access parameters given in
the message at left
up to 4 access probes per
probe sequence
up to 2 probe sequences
per access attempt
RF200 - 70
August, 2007
01:40:12.455 QcpCdmaLogMsgAccessChan
MSG_LENGTH: 29 octets
PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_ID: Origination Message
ACK_SEQ: 7 MSG_SEQ: 6 ACK_REQ: 1
VALID_ACK: 0 ACK_TYPE: 0
MSID_TYPE: IMSI and ESN
MSID_LEN: 9 octets
ESN: D:00113967208 H:01D51F68
IMSI_CLASS: 0 IMSI_CLASS_0_TYPE: IMSI_S included
RESERVED: 0 IMSI_S: 9723333534
AUTH_MODE: 0 MOB_TERM: Yes
SLOT_CYCLE_INDEX: 5.12 MOB_P_REV: J-STD-008
EXT_SCM: Band Class 1 RESERVED: 0
SLOTTED_MODE: Yes RESERVED: 0
REQUEST_MODE: CDMA Only SPECIAL_SERVICE: Yes
SERVICE_OPTION: QUALCOMM: Voice 13K PM: No
DIGIT_MODE: 4-bit DTMF Codes MORE_FIELDS: No
NUM_FIELDS: 10 CHARi: 5 0 2 2 0 7 0 2 9 9
NAR_AN_CAP: No RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 71
August, 2007
RF200 - 72
01:40:19.500 QcpCdmaLogMsgSyncChan
MSG_LENGTH: 26 octets
MSG_TYPE: Sync Channel Message
P_REV: J-STD-008 MIN_P_REV: J-STD-008
SID: 4139 NID: 41 PILOT_PN: 116
LC_STATE: 0x02 B9 77 D6 59 D0
SYS_TIME: 08/14/2000 00:31:49
LP_SEC: 13 LTM_OFF: -660 minutes
DAYLT: No PRAT: 4800 bps CDMA_FREQ: 50
August, 2007
RF200 - 73
Setup Failures
Q A setup failure is a failure to arrive successfully on a traffic
channel despite the base station hearing and acknowledging the
mobiles probes.
Q The problem can occur in any of the steps after the base station
acknowledgment:
the base station might not have resources for the call, causing
it to send a Reorder message (Call Failed, Network Busy)
the base station may have set up the resources for the call, but
the mobile cannot hear the channel assignment message due
to forward link problems
the mobile or the base station may fail to hear the other during
initialization of the traffic channel (this is called a Traffic
Channel Confirmation Failure TCCF in Lucent systems)
August, 2007
RF200 - 74
ACCESS CHANNEL
ORIGINATION MESSAGE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT
MESSAGE
PROBE INFORMATION
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
August, 2007
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
RF200 - 75
August, 2007
RF200 - 76
X
or
X
August, 2007
RF200 - 77
Dropped Calls
Q Normal calls end with an exchange of release messages by the
mobile and system
Whichever side wants to end the call sends an order message,
Release Normal. The other side sends an order message,
Release No Reason.
The mobile then immediately tries to reacquire the system, and
the Sync Channel Message is seen quickly during this process
Q When a call fails (drops), no Release Normal message is sent
by either side. Usually the first evidence of the drop will be the
Sync Channel Message during system re-acquisition after the
drop.
Q Layer-2 timers and counters supervise every call on both ends,
and abort the call when their limits are exceeded. A few are:
Forward Link Fade Timer (typically 5 seconds)
Reverse Link Fade Timer (typically 5 seconds)
various unacknowledged message counters
August, 2007
RF200 - 78
August, 2007
RF200 - 79
SYNC CHANNEL
SYNC CHANNEL MESSAGE
August, 2007
RF200 - 80
13:37:13.600 QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
MSG_LENGTH: 13 octets
MSG_TYPE: Pilot Strength Measurement Message
ACK_SEQ: 0 MSG_SEQ: 2 ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled REF_PN: 284
PILOT_STRENGTH: -18.00 dB KEEP: Yes
PILOT_PN_PHASE: PN:447 + 45 chips
PILOT_STRENGTH: -18.50 dB KEEP: Yes
PILOT_PN_PHASE: PN:196 + 10 chips
PILOT_STRENGTH: -10.00 dB KEEP: Yes
RESERVED: 0
13:37:13.733 QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
MSG_LENGTH: 10 octets
MSG_TYPE: Power Measurement Report Message
ACK_SEQ: 0 MSG_SEQ: 1 ACK_REQ: No
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
ERRORS_DETECTED: 2 PWR_MEAS_FRAMES: 5
LAST_HDM_SEQ: 3 NUM_PILOTS: 2
PILOT_STRENGTH: -18.50 dB
PILOT_STRENGTH: -18.00 dB
13:37:23.188 QcpCdmaLogMsgSyncChan
MSG_LENGTH: 26 octets
MSG_TYPE: Sync Channel Message
P_REV: Unknown (3) MIN_P_REV: IS-95A
SID: 22 NID: 0 PILOT_PN: 196
LC_STATE: 0x02 9E 9B E4 EE C4
SYS_TIME: 03/27/1998 06:01:32
LP_SEC: 8 LTM_OFF: -660 minutes
DAYLT: No PRAT: 9600 bps CDMA_FREQ: 777
August, 2007
RF200 - 81
BTS
TRAFFIC
Voice
RELnorm
W1
PAGING KGKSAKKNKGGKSKPG
NSASPPCKGKSA
W32
SYNC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
W0
PILOT
TIME
ACCESS CHANNEL
TRAFFIC CHANNEL
RELnoRsn
Q When a call ends normally, it is because the caller on one side of the
conversation decided to hang up
Q The side ending the call sends a Release Normal order
Q The other side sends a Release No reason order
It may send an acknowledgment first, if it cannot give the release
order immediately
Q After the system receives a release order from the mobile, it releases the
resources it used for the call
Q After the mobile receives a release order from the base station, it stops
listening to the traffic channel and freshly reacquires the system
August, 2007
RF200 - 82
BTS
TRAFFIC
Voice
5s timer
All bad frames
W1
PAGING KGKSAKKNKGGKSKPG
NSASPPCKGKSA
W32
SYNC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
W0
PILOT
TIME
ACCESS CHANNEL
TRAFFIC CHANNEL
Mute! No pc
5s timer
RF200 - 83
BTS
TRAFFIC
RELnoRsn
Voice
W1
PAGING KGKSAKKNKGGKSKPG
NSASPPCKGKSAAKSKPG
NSAS
W32
SYNC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
W0
PILOT
TIME
ACCESS CHANNEL
TRAFFIC CHANNEL
August, 2007
RF200 - 84
Example 8
Lets
Lets Do
Do A
A Soft
Soft Handoff!
Handoff!
August, 2007
RF200 - 85
August, 2007
PILOT SETS
Active
6
Candidate 5
Neighbor 20
Remaining
Min. Members
Reqd. By Std.
HANDOFF
PARAMETERS
T_ADD
T_DROP
T_TDROP
T_COMP
RF200 - 86
Ec/Io
-20
Chips
10752
PN 0
14080
32002
168 220
Active Pilot
Mobile Rake RX
F1 PN168 W61
Rake Fingers
F2 PN168 W61
F3 PN168 W61
Srch PN??? W0
Reference PN
T_ADD
n
o
p
500 512
32K
RF200 - 87
August, 2007
RF200 - 88
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
EXTENDED HANDOFF
DIRECTION MSG.
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
NEIGHBOR LIST
UPDATE MESSAGE.
August, 2007
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
HANDOFF COMPLETION
MESSAGE
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
RF200 - 89
August, 2007
QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
04/03/2002 22:43:17
MSG_LENGTH: 10 octets
MSG_TYPE: Pilot Strength Measurement Message
ACK_SEQ: 0 MSG_SEQ: 0 ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
REF_PN: 380 PILOT_STRENGTH: -4.50 dB KEEP: Yes
PILOT_PN_PHASE: PN:212 + 0 chips
PILOT_STRENGTH: -13.50 dB KEEP: Yes
RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 90
August, 2007
QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
04/03/2002 22:43:17
MSG_LENGTH: 7 octets
MSG_TYPE: Order Message
ACK_SEQ: 1 MSG_SEQ: 0 ACK_REQ: No
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
ORDER: Mobile Station Acknowledgement Order
ADD_RECORD_LEN: 0 octets
CON_REF_INCL: No RESERVED: 0
QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
04/03/2002 22:43:17
MSG_LENGTH: 8 octets
MSG_TYPE: Handoff Completion Message
ACK_SEQ: 1 MSG_SEQ: 2 ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
LAST_HDM_SEQ: 1 PILOT_PN: 380 PILOT_PN: 212
RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 91
August, 2007
RF200 - 92
Ec/Io
-20
Chips
10752
PN 0
14080
168 220
F1 PN168 W61
F3 PN220 W20
Rake Fingers
T_DROP
Srch PN??? W0
Reference PN
Neighbor Set
T_ADD
Continue checking each ACTIVE pilot. If any are less than T_DROP and remain
so for T_TDROP time, send Pilot Strength Measurement Message, DROP IT!!
Continue looking at each NEIGHBOR pilot. If any ever rises above T_ADD, send
Pilot Strength Measurement Message, ADD IT!
August, 2007
32K
500 512
Active Set
Mobile Rake RX
F2 PN500 W50
32002
RF200 - 93
Ec/Io
-20
Chips 0
PN 0
Rake Fingers
SRCH_WIN_A
T_DROP
T_ADD
SRCH_WIN_A
Active Set
Pilots of sectors
now used for
communication
T_DROP
Reference PN
Candidate Set
SRCH_WIN_N
Pilots requested
by mobile but not
set up by system
32K
512
Mobile Rake RX
F1 PN168 W61
F2 PN500 W50
F3 PN220 W20
Srch PN??? W0
Neighbor Set
Pilots suggested
by system for
more checking
Remaining Set
T_ADD
SRCH_WIN_R
August, 2007
RF200 - 94
Improved
Improved Soft
Soft Handoff
Handoff Control
Control
in
in 1xRTT
1xRTT
August, 2007
RF200 - 95
-5
-10
T_ADD
-15
T_DROP
Ec/Io THRESHOLDS, db
-20
August, 2007
RF200 - 96
August, 2007
Pilot Strength
(Ec/Io, db)
-3
Active
All Six
sectors in
soft handoff!
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
T_Add
-20
-3
Pilot Strength
(Ec/Io, db)
Only One
Sector in soft
handoff!
Active
T_Add
-20
RF200 - 97
August, 2007
RF200 - 98
b
x
August, 2007
intercept
slope
y = mx + b
RF200 - 99
+5
COMBINED Ec/Io, db
-15
-10
-5
0
-5
Combined
Ec/Io
of Existing
Active Pilots
-10
Ec/Io THRESHOLDS, db
-20
Add
Intercept
Drop
Intercept
T_Add
-15
T_Drop
-20
August, 2007
RF200 - 100
+5
COMBINED Ec/Io, db
-15
-10
-5
0
-5
Combined
Ec/Io
of Existing
Active Pilots
-10
Drop
Intercept
-15
T_Add
-20
August, 2007
Ec/Io THRESHOLDS, db
-20
Add
Intercept
T_Drop
RF200 - 101
Strong-Signal Conditions
+10
+5
COMBINED Ec/Io, db
-15
-10
-5
0
-5
Combined
Ec/Io
of Existing
Active Pilots
-10
Drop
Intercept
-15
T_Add
-20
August, 2007
Ec/Io THRESHOLDS, db
-20
Add
Intercept
T_Drop
RF200 - 102
Section G
Deeper
Deeper Handoff
Handoff Details:
Details:
Search
Search Windows
Windows &
& Timing
Timing
August, 2007
RF200 - 103
R
R
NR
R
R
R
N
R
August, 2007
RF200 - 104
Meet
Meet the
the CDMA
CDMA
Performance
Performance Indicators
Indicators
August, 2007
RF200 - 105
August, 2007
RF200 - 106
Forw
R ev
ar d
er se
0 2 5
100
FER
%
August, 2007
RF200 - 107
I0
Handset Receiver
LNA
BW
~30
MHz.
x
LO
IF
Rake
R
-40
R
BW
1.25
S
MHz.
RX Level
(from AGC)
-90
-105
<<too weak
overload>>
RF200 - 108
Handset Receiver
BW
~30
MHz.
LNA
x
LO
IF
Rake
R
R
BW
1.25
S
MHz.
RX Level
(from AGC)
RF200 - 109
August, 2007
Ec/Io = (2/4)
= 50%
= -3 db.
Paging
Sync
Pilot
1.5w
0.5w
2w
EC
I0
Heavily Loaded
Ec/Io = (2/10)
= 20%
= -7 db.
Traffic Channels
Paging
Sync
Pilot
6w
I0
1.5w
0.5w
2w
EC
RF200 - 110
Paging
Sync
Pilot
I0
1.5w
0.5w
2w
EC
Io = 10 signals
each -90 dbm
= -80 dbm
Ec of any one
sector = -96
Ec/Io = -16 db
Traffic
Sync & Paging
Pilot
Traffic
Sync & Paging
Pilot
Traffic
Sync & Paging
Pilot
Traffic
Sync & Paging
Pilot
Traffic
Sync & Paging
Pilot
Traffic
Sync & Paging
Pilot
Traffic
Sync & Paging
Pilot
Traffic
Sync & Paging
Pilot
Traffic
Sync & Paging
Pilot
Traffic
Sync & Paging
Pilot
August, 2007
4w
BTS10
BTS9
BTS8
BTS7
BTS6
BTS5
I0
BTS4
BTS3
BTS2
BTS1
EC
RF200 - 111
Subscriber Handset
BTS
Receiver>>
LNA
DUP
TXPO
PA
LO
x
Rake
R
IF
LO
Viterbi
Decoder
Open Loop
IF
Long PN
x
IF Mod
x
x
Q
Orth
Mod
Vocoder
FEC
<<Transmitter
Typical TXPO:
TXPO = -(RXdbm) -C + TXGA
C = +73 for 800 MHz. systems
= +76 for 1900 MHz. systems
Q What is the right power TX level? Whatever the BTS asks for!
As long as closed loop control is working, the phones opinion
isnt the last word. Just do what the BTS wants!!
However, if the BTS ever asks the phone to do the impossible,
something is wrong (lower than -60 dbm, higher than +23 dbm)
August, 2007
RF200 - 112
-10 dB
-20 dB
August, 2007
Time, Seconds
RF200 - 113
August, 2007
RF200 - 114
Problem
Problem Signatures
Signatures
August, 2007
RF200 - 115
August, 2007
SIGNATURE:
GOOD CALL
FFER
I0
100%
EC/IO
TxGa
+23
+25
-30
TxPo
+10
-40
+10
-6
-10
0
-10
50%
-20
-30
-10
-15
FFER
BTS
-40
-90
10%
5%
2%
0%
-20
-100
I0
-25
-20
-110
EC/IO
-50
TxGa
TxPo
Messaging
RF200 - 116
SIGNATURE:
GOOD CALL
FFER
I0
100%
EC/IO
+10
August, 2007
+10
-6
-10
0
-10
50%
-20
-30
-10
-15
BTS
-40
-90
10%
5%
2%
0%
FFER
+23
-40
TxPo
+25
-30
TxGa
-20
-100
I0
-25
-20
-110
EC/IO
-50
TxGa
TxPo
Messaging
RF200 - 117
I0
100%
EC/IO
TxGa
+23
+25
-30
TxPo
+10
-40
+10
-6
-10
Higher-than-normal transmit
power (> +20 dBm)
Poor messaging on both links
August, 2007
-10
50%
-20
-30
-10
-15
FFER
BTS
-40
-90
10%
5%
2%
0%
-20
-100
I0
-25
-20
-110
EC/IO
-50
TxGa
TxPo
Messaging
RF200 - 118
SIGNATURE:
FORWARD LINK INTERFERENCE
FFER
EC/IO
TxGa
+23
+25
-30
TxPo
+10
-40
+10
-6
-10
0
-10
50%
-20
-30
-10
-15
FFER
-40
-90
10%
5%
2%
0%
BTS
August, 2007
I0
100%
-20
-100
I0
-25
-20
-110
EC/IO
-50
TxGa
TxPo
Messaging
RF200 - 119
A
BTS
l
ve
a
Tr
RF200 - 120
August, 2007
SIGNATURE:
REVERSE LINK INTERFERENCE
FFER
I0
100%
EC/IO
TxGa
+23
+25
-30
TxPo
+10
-40
+10
-6
-10
0
-10
50%
-20
-30
-10
-15
FFER
BTS
-40
-90
10%
5%
2%
0%
-20
-100
I0
-25
-20
-110
EC/IO
-50
TxGa
TxPo
Messaging
RF200 - 121
ns
o
i
t
uc
r
t
s
Ob
l
ve
a
Tr
RF200 - 122
ask
ok!
tell
August, 2007
s
FORWARD LINK
on DIES A
i
t
BTS
ruc
B b st
l
BTS O
ve
a
Tr
s
REVERSE LINK DIES
on
i
t
uc
B bstr
BTS O
el
v
a
Tr
RF200 - 123
Pilot Pollution
Q When a large number of
CDMA signals are received
at about the same strength,
they cause severe
interference to each other
this is called Pilot
Pollution
Q The cure for pilot pollution
is to eliminate unneeded
signals which really werent
intended to serve this
location anyway, and to
boost the one or a few
signals which were
intended to serve this
location
Q See the first page of the
workbook ECIOPLAY.XLS
August, 2007
Ec/Io value
at each
BTS TX
Io
-3
-80.0
Signal
Strength Ec/Io
-90
-13.0 1
-90
-13.0 2
-90
-13.0 3
-90
-13.0 4
-90
-13.0 5
-90
-13.0 6
-90
-13.0 7
-90
-13.0 8
-90
-13.0 9
-90
-13.0 10
-80.0 Sum Power
Ec/Io value
at each
Io
BTS TX
-3
-73.9
Signal
Strength Ec/Io
-90
-19.1 1
-90
-19.1 2
-90
-19.1 3
-90
-19.1 4
-75
-4.1 5
-90
-19.1 6
-90
-19.1 7
-90
-19.1 8
-90
-19.1 9
-90
-19.1 10
-73.9 Sum Power
10
10
RF200 - 124
%
Overhead
Power
Nominal
Max
Power
W
20%
12
Sum
RF
Comp Max #
Power osite Lockable
Io
Ec/Io Rake Fingers
-86.2
-3.0
Max #
Pilots in
Soft
Handoff
Traffic
Trans Path
Signal
Loading mitted Loss,
Streng
%
Ec/Io dB
th
Ec/Io
0%
-3.0
120 -86.2
-3.0 Rake Locked Handoff
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
0%
-3.0
200 -166.2 -83.0
T_ADD
6
-12
0.9
0.8
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
Interferor
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1
August, 2007
10
11
12
13
14
RF200 - 125
Basic
Basic PN
PN Planning
Planning and
and
Search
Search Window
Window Considerations
Considerations
August, 2007
RF200 - 126
August, 2007
RF200 - 127
Short PN Basics:
PN Offsets Distinguish Sectors
Phone
A
B
x
C
BPF
LNA
x
LO
BPF
IF
Rake Receiver
PN A Walsh X
PN B
Walsh Y
PN C
Walsh Z
Decoding
Vocoder
Pilot Searcher
D
Q Each sector uses the short PN code, but at a different timing delay called
its PN offset
PN delays are settable in 64-chip steps called "PN offsets"
For example, PN offset 100 means 6,400 chips of delay
PN short code is 32,768 chips long - room for 512 different PN offsets
Q In the rake finger of a mobile in soft handoff, the short PN code is
generated in step with just one sector the mobile is trying to hear
The rake finger hears the matching sector's signal, ignores all others
The rake finger next decodes the walsh code of the desired channel
from that sector, ignoring all other users on that sector
August, 2007
RF200 - 128
Transmitted:
PN 101
PN 100
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz!@#$%^&*()_+
The PN chips SEEN by the mobile are what the base station
transmitted 64 chips in the past! What the base station is really
doing now, its true PN offset, is 64 chips later than what the mobile
sees. So the base station's signal at the mobile seems to be one
PN lower than it was actually transmitted.
BTS
Mobile
August, 2007
RF200 - 129
August, 2007
PN360
10 KM
41 chips
2 KM
8 chips
PN200
RF200 - 130
Ec/Io
UNKNOWN EXTRA
PROPAGATION DELAY
All PN Offsets
Active Pilot
Pilot Searcher Scans All PNs
-20
Chips 0
PN 0
32K
n Rake Fingers
o
512
p SYNC CHANNEL MESSAGE
RF200 - 131
August, 2007
PN360
10 KM
41 chips
+41
PN200
2 KM
8 chips
360
+8
360+33c
SRCH_WIN_N
RF200 - 132
4 (2)
6 (3)
8 (4)
10 (5)
14 (7)
20 (10)
28 (14)
40 (20)
60 (30)
80 (40)
10
100 (50)
11
130 (65)
12
160 (80)
13
226 (113)
14
330 (165)
15
452 (226)
RF200 - 133
PN360
Neighbor
Sector
10 KM
41 chips
+41
PN200
2 KM
8 chips
Active
Sector
August, 2007
360
+8
360+33c
SRCH_WIN_N
RF200 - 134
BTS B
1/2
mile
12 miles
RF200 - 135
RF200 - 136
August, 2007
F
E
11.5 KM
A
RF200 - 137
August, 2007
+20
Ec/Io
Earliest Detected
Multipath
The earliest arriving multipath
seen by the mobile during this
searcher sweep will be used
as the center of this active
window on the next searcher
sweep! This makes each
active search window "track"
individually with its pilot.
RF200 - 138
Q
Q
Q
Q
RF200 - 139
SRCH_WIN_N, Chips
20
28
40
60
80
100
130
160
226
SRCH_WIN_A, Chips
10 14 20 28 40 60
No No No No No No
No No No No No No
No No No No Yes No
No No No Yes Yes Yes
No No No Yes Yes Yes
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
August, 2007
RF200 - 140
August, 2007
RF200 - 141
BTS A
PN 142
BTS B
PN 142
x miles
x miles
Q Mobile is midway between two BTSs with the same PN, in a call on BTS A
Q PN energy of BTS A and B is indistinguishable in active search window
Q Rake fingers may be assigned to both A and B energy
If the walsh code used on A also happens to be in use by someone on
BTS B, demodulation of B will cause severe FER
The mobile audio will frequently clip and mute, and the call may drop
All the while, the phone will see very good Ec/Io since both A and B
are recognized as good energy!
Q Solution: Two different BTS covering the same area should never have
the same PN offset. Change the PN offset for one of the sectors involved.
August, 2007
RF200 - 142
BTS B
PN 99
ACTIVE SEARCH WINDOW
1 mile
11 miles
RF200 - 143
RF200 - 144
20 miles
BTS
BTS G
PN 198
BTS
mo
un
tai
ns
BTS F
PN 200
BTS
RF200 - 145
Sector PN Assignments:
Consecutive Assignment
Q Use only PNs divisible by PILOT_INC.
PILOT_INC is chosen large enough to
prevent aliasing of pilots in adjacent cells
Q Assign PNs in sequence to the sectors of all
the base stations
Q Common Usage: This is the typical default
method used in Nortel and Motorola CDMA
networks
Q Advantage
Simple assignment
When adjacent PNs are observed in the
field, they are known to be from sister
sectors of the same BTS or from nearby
BTSs
August, 2007
12
96
88
24
92
20
84
108
100
76
80
36
104
112
116
28
32
72
120
16
64
68
48
40
44
60
52
56
RF200 - 146
Sector PN Assignments:
Segment Assignment
Q Assign only PNs divisible by PILOT_INC
PILOT_INC is chosen to avoid aliasing
Q Different ranges of PN values are reserved
First 1/3 of PN offsets for alpha sectors
Second 1/3 of PN offsets for beta sectors
Third 1/3 of PN offsets for gamma sectors
Q Although 512/3 = 170.666, the value 168 is
usually used for the inter-sector PN increment
Q Common Usage: default in Lucent networks
Q Advantage: In the field, interference is
suddenly noticed from PN 468. Quickly, what
is the source of it?
Definitely some cells gamma sector!
August, 2007
340
368
32
172
344
200
176
364
372
36
28
196
348
204
40
208
12
180
360
376
24
192
352
16
184
356
20
188
RF200 - 147
PN Reuse Explorations
August, 2007
RF200 - 148
August, 2007
RF200 - 149
August, 2007
RF200 - 150
Introduction
Introduction to
to CDMA
CDMA
Performance
Performance Data
Data
August, 2007
RF200 - 151
Access Mgr./BSC-BSM
CM
GPSR
LPP
ENET
BSM
TFU1
DMS-BUS
LPP
DTCs
CDSU
CDSU
DISCO 1
DISCO 2
SBS
IOC
Switch OMs,
pegs, logs
Vocoders
Selectors
Selector
Logs
Various
External
Analysis
Tools
BTS
NOIS Messages
CDSU
CDSU
DISCO
NMIS
Messages
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
Ch. Card
GPSR
TFU1
IS-95/J Std 8
Messages
ACC
Txcvr A RFFE A
Txcvr B RFFE B
Txcvr C RFFE C
QC-Specific Messages
IS-95/J Std 8 Messages
Unix-based,
PC-based
Data Analysis
Post-Processing
Tools
Handset
Messages
PC-based
Mobile Data
Capture Tools
PC-based
Mobile Data
Post-Processing
Tools
RF200 - 152
RF200 - 153
System
System Data
Data and
and
Statistical
Statistical Analysis
Analysis
August, 2007
RF200 - 154
August, 2007
RF200 - 155
97.9%
96.1%
443
0.04% 12,429
2.1%
1.1% 20,015
2.8%
92.7% 44,593
97.8%
n/a
97.9%
388
93.2%
6,312
98.0%
n/a
96.4%
n/a
97.9%
63
96.6%
n/a
3.33% 35,329
n/a
7,922
0.17%
4,444
2.86%
6,090
n/a
n/a
n/a
7,537
0.04% 1,776
n/a
5,132
2.64% 30,576
2.23%
n/a
1.96%
n/a
2.76%
5,088
n/a
3,297
3.65%
4,556
1.1% 2,859
3.45%
3,074
1.7% 11,229
2.1%
2.28%
n/a
n/a
2.31%
1.60%
2.29%
1.7%
2.14%
% Screen Cal
Screen Calls
%-Drop
Calls-Drop
%RF Acc-Fail
RF Acc-Fails
%Tot-Block
1,123,308
Total-Block
1,147,447
%-Succ.
Call-Succ.
Cells
Week ALL
Call-Att.
Example H
Average of Others
Period
MTA-Name
1.0%
0.6%
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1,327 0.6%
n/a
n/a
1,604 1.0%
n/a
n/a
August, 2007
RF200 - 156
August, 2007
RF200 - 157
Lucent
Lucent System
System Data
Data
Examples
Examples
August, 2007
RF200 - 158
TOTALS
96.83
e d_Ca lls
2.84
e rla ngs
6,580.44
U sa ge
2,368,959
CE _U se
1,451,816
CE _U se
61.28
CE _U se
917,143
SoftH O U se
38.72
SU Fa il
2.79
Lost_Ca ll
1,722
Lost Ca lls
1.17
Fa ilure s
7,856
Origins
5,069
T e rmins
2,787
Ma int Busy
0
P rfSz
80
T rm_Ovf
713
Org_S z
109,076
Org_Asn
105,970
Pg_R sp_S z
46,720
T rm_Asn
44,951
R e q_Alg
4,426
August, 2007
E st Ca lls
179 2 67
S MIT H SP R IN G
S
93.55
179 2 28
179 2 30
179 2 121
179 2 10 IN GLEW OO N OLEN SV IL CLAR KSV IL 179 2 1 179 2 45
BOBCAT
D
LE
LE/ BR ILE Y T E XT R ON FAR MER S
93.58
94.18
94.36
94.44
94.67
94.73
3.22
2.61
3.89
2.38
5.26
2.65
2.06
62.60
128.68
71.45
63.54
36.16
76.37
115.21
22,535
46,323
25,722
22,873
13,016
27,494
41,476
9,300
19,788
13,689
11,113
8,448
15,965
23,219
41.27
42.72
53.22
48.59
64.90
58.07
55.98
13,235
26,535
12,033
11,760
4,568
11,529
18,257
58.73
57.28
46.78
51.41
35.10
41.93
44.02
6.14
5.68
5.44
3.62
3.68
4.64
5.04
15
42
20
10
64
15
35
1.67
2.18
1.18
0.89
5.98
0.98
1.44
95
208
143
77
108
102
206
65
143
89
47
73
67
141
30
65
54
30
35
35
65
680
1,500
1,236
771
828
1,229
1,862
659
1,454
1,197
752
786
1,192
1,824
313
611
640
445
369
430
755
301
590
603
412
329
414
736
32
55
73
29
63
44
54
RF200 - 159
S ys/ E CP / Ce ll/ N
a me / Ante nna
ID / Ant_N a me
CD MA_Acs
CD MA_Avg
CD MA_Fwd
CD MA_Fwd
CD MA
CD MA_P g
CD MA_P k
CD MA_P k
CD MA_R e v
CD MA_R e v
CD MA
CD MA_T f
CD MA_Jmr
TOTALS
5,921
S q_D G
1,123,466
P COLdur
581
P COLcnt
339
Intcpt_Msg
0
Ch_Ocpn
489,506
Acs_ChOc
91,989
P g_ChOc
555,984
P COLdur
305
P COLcnt
6
R e orde r_Msg
2
CdCh_U sg
245,143
D e t_D ur
0
August, 2007
Chn_Oc
179 2 1
179 2 1
179 2 1
T E XT R ON 1 T E XT R ON T E XT R ON
2 Ante nna :2 3 Ante nna :3
Ante nna :1
179 2 2
179 2 2
179 2 2
BE LMON T BE LMON T
BE LMON T
1 Ante nna :1 2 Ante nna :2 3 Ante nna :3
30
28
10
27
13.00
13.00
6,187
6,157
6,088
6,168
5,016.00
4,818.00
12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2,771
2,763
2,754
2,795
2,756.00
2,766.00
985
563
281
563
422.00
281.00
3,264
3,140
3,197
3,125
3,120.00
3,155.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1,360
1,188
980
953
821.00
862.00
0.00
0.00
RF200 - 160
Nortel
Nortel System
System Data
Data
Examples
Examples
August, 2007
RF200 - 161
Data
Type
Seq. Access,
Number Range
BlockedOriginationsNoTCE
word16
0x0002A
42
P
full
BlockedOriginationsNoFwdCap word16
0x0002B
43
P
full
BlockedOriginationsNoRevCap word16
0x0002C
44
P
full
Description
BlockedHandoffsNoTCE
word16
0x0002D
45
P
full
BlockedHandoffsNoFwdCap
word16
0x0002E
46
P
full
BlockedHandoffsNoRevCap
word16
0x0002F
47
P
full
SuccessfulOriginations
word16
0x00030
48
P
full
SuccessfulHandoffs
word16
0x00031
49
P
full
August, 2007
RF200 - 162
Nortel FA MO Attributes
Each attribute is a periodic counter maintained during the 15-minute automatic logging period.
FA MO
Sequence
Number
16
17
18
19
1A
1B
1C
1D
1E
1F
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
2A
2B
2C
August, 2007
OM name
TCEUtilMaximum
NumOfTCsConfigured
soft1softer1Alpha
soft1softer1Beta
soft1softer1Gamma
soft1softer2AlphaBeta
soft1softer2BetaGamma
soft1softer2GammaAlpha
soft1softer3
soft2softer1Alpha
soft2softer1Beta
soft2softer1Gamma
soft2softer2AlphaBeta
soft2softer2BetaGamma
soft2softer2GammaAlpha
soft2softer3
soft3softer1Alpha
soft3softer1Beta
soft3softer1Gamma
soft3softer2AlphaBeta
soft3softer2BetaGamma
soft3softer2GammaAlpha
soft3softer3
FA MO
Sequence
Number
2D
2E
2F
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
3A
3B
3C
3D
OM name
soft4softer1Alpha
soft4softer1Beta
soft4softer1Gamma
soft4softer2AlphaBeta
soft4softer2BetaGamma
soft4softer2GammaAlpha
soft4softer3
soft5softer1Alpha
soft5softer1Beta
soft5softer1Gamma
soft5softer2AlphaBeta
soft5softer2BetaGamma
soft5softer2GammaAlpha
soft6softer1Alpha
soft6softer1Beta
soft6softer1Gamma
TimeNotInUse
RF200 - 163
Type
Event Report
Seq.
Number
0x000?
BTSCPerformanceData PerformanceData
0?
Description
Includes as parameters all attributes with P
access documented in the attribute table for
this MO.
FA MO Events
Each event counter is maintained during the 15-minute automatic logging period.
Event Report Name
FAPerformanceData
August, 2007
Type
Event Report
Seq.
Number
0x000?
PerformanceData
0?
Description
Includes as parameters all attributes with P
access documented in the attribute table for
this MO.
RF200 - 164
August, 2007
RF200 - 165
August, 2007
RF200 - 166
August, 2007
RF200 - 167
Motorola
Motorola System
System Data
Data
Examples
Examples
August, 2007
RF200 - 168
August, 2007
RF200 - 169
Analyzing
Analyzing System
System Data
Data
August, 2007
RF200 - 170
Percent
Blkd
5.5%
5.0%
4.5%
4.0%
3.5%
3.0%
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
Date
August, 2007
RF200 - 171
Percent
%Drops
4.0%
3.5%
3.0%
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
Date
RF200 - 172
MOU
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
Date
RF200 - 173
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
108.1
43.3
108.2
1.3
Sector
102.2
137
130
65
101
83
49
30
24
46
31
7.5
5.1
5.1
4.5
4.3
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.6
1.9
136
130
65
101
83
49
30
24
45
31
7.4
5.1
5.1
4.5
4.3
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.6
1.9
110
145
90
93
66
66
58
112
83
81
6.0
5.7
7.0
4.1
3.4
4.1
5.7
13.1
4.8
5.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Sector
26.3
84.5
87.2
85.7
89.9
90.7
91.6
90.2
81.6
91.3
91.7
% Blocked Calls
64.1
1549
2234
1098
2017
1743
1486
926
698
1589
1495
63.2
1833
2561
1282
2244
1922
1623
1027
855
1740
1630
Acc
Fail
1.2
2.1
93Z
13X
57Z
2X
1Y
57Y
93X
35Z
30Y
1Z
Call Attempts
63.3
64.3
6.1
63.3
2.1
1.2
63.2
64.1
26.3
108.2
1.3
5.7
4.1
3.4
6.0
4.8
5.0
4.1
4.3
3.6
3.6
6.1
MSC
Site
145
93
66
110
83
81
66
70
54
53
September 5, 1997
% Blocked Calls
Eng
Site
5.1
4.5
4.3
7.4
2.6
1.9
3.0
1.1
1.8
0.3
63.2
130
101
83
136
45
31
49
18
27
4
1.3
5.1
4.5
4.3
7.5
2.6
1.9
3.0
1.1
1.8
0.3
108.2
130
101
83
137
46
31
49
18
27
4
64.3
87.2
89.9
90.7
84.5
91.3
91.7
91.6
92.6
93.1
94.8
1.2
2234
2017
1743
1549
1589
1495
1486
1495
1387
1410
2.1
2561
2244
1922
1833
1740
1630
1623
1615
1490
1488
6.1
13X
2X
1Y
93Z
30Y
1Z
57Y
4Y
30X
42Z
Acc
Fail
64.3
6.1
2.1
1.2
64.3
108.2
1.3
63.2
102.2
108.1
43.3
Calls
MSC
Site
Eng
Site
RF200 - 174
August, 2007
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
TOO LOW
+30%
NORMAL
TOO HIGH
+30%
+30%
-30%
-30%
6-week average
-30%
RF200 - 175
CDMA
CDMA System
System Parameters
Parameters
August, 2007
RF200 - 176
SysID
ECPID
CellID
Antenna
CDMAPilotPN
CDMAPilotDrpThrsh
CDMAPilotDetThrsh
CDMACompThrsh
CDMADropTimer
CDMASrchWinActCand
CDMASrchWinNbr
CDMASrchWinRemain
CDMAPilotGain
CDMAPageGain
CDMASyncGain
CDMABCRAtt
SectorSize_ceqface
BBAMaxPower
CDMAMinTrfChnlGain_R2
CDMAMaxTrfChnlGain_R2
CDMATrafGain_R2
CDMAFwdFrmErrRate_R2
CDMARevFrmErrRate_R2
CDMANomEbNoSetPt_R2
CDMAMinEbNoSetPt_R2
CDMAMaxEbNoSetPt_R2
Srchwincell
August, 2007
179
2
1
1
4
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
1
4
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
1
4
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
1
4
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
1
4
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
2
172
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
2
172
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
2
172
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
2
172
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
2
172
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
3
340
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
3
340
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
3
340
-15
-13
2.5
179
2
1
3
340
-15
-13
2.5
3
7
9
0
108
64
34
6
3
3
3
7
7
7
9
9
9
0
0
0
108 108 108
64 64 64
34 34 34
6
6
6
3
7
9
0
108
64
34
6
3
7
9
0
108
64
34
6
3
7
7
0
108
64
34
6
3
3
3
7
7
7
7
7
7
0
0
0
108 108 108
64 64 64
34 34 34
6
6
6
3
7
7
0
108
64
34
6
3
7
7
0
108
64
34
6
3
7
7
0
108
64
34
8
3
3
3
7
7
7
7
7
7
0
0
0
108 108 108
64 64 64
34 34 34
8
8
8
3
7
7
0
108
64
34
8
3
3
3
3
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
0
0
0
0
108 108 108 108
64 64 64 64
34 34 34 34
8
8
8
8
33.5 33.5
179
2
1
1
4
-15
-13
2.5
21
179
2
1
2
172
-15
-13
2.5
21
179
2
1
3
340
-15
-13
2.5
21
21 33.5 33.5
25
25
25
1
1
6.8
1
1
1
1
1
1
6.8 6.8 6.8
1
1
6.8
1
1
6.8
1
1
6.8
1
1
1
1
1
1
6.8 6.8 6.8
1
1
6.8
1
1
6.8
1
1
6.8
1
1
1
1
1
1
6.8 6.8 6.8
1
1
6.8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
3.8
8.8
32
3.8
8.8
32
3.8
8.8
32
3.8
8.8
32
3.8
8.8
32
3.8
8.8
32
3.8
8.8
32
3.8
8.8
32
RF200 - 177
Range
Recommended Value
0-1
0 - 2047
0 - 31
0-255
0-255
0 - 32,767
0 - 65,535
0 - 511
TFU_1 or TFU_2
0-3
0-255
0-63
0-1
Remarks
1
See Remarks As determined by the local MTA
1 1900 MHz
1
1
See Remarks
See Remarks
See Remarks
See Remarks
See Remarks
1
13
16
0 or 1
August, 2007
RF200 - 178
0 - 63
0-7
0-7
0 - 15
0-7
0-7
0 - 15
0 - 31
0 - 15 (x80 ms)
0 - 15
0 - 15
0 - 15
0 - 15
0-3
0-(232-1)
0
0
3
4
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
2
2
0
0
1 Access channel
(2+1), 240 ms
(0 + 1) slot delay
(0 + 1) slot delay
No standard Authentication
Not applicable without Authentication
August, 2007
RF200 - 179
0 - 32,767
See Remarks As determined by the local MTA
0 - 65,535
See Remarks As determined by the local MTA
0 - 4095 As determined by the network Zone Registration not currently supported
0-7
0 Zone Registration not currently supported
0-7
0 Zone Registration not currently supported
0-1
0 If roaming is permitted, this should be set to 1
0-1
0 If roaming or more than one NID in the MTA, set to 1
0 - 65,535
See Remarks As determined by the local MTA
0 - 15
0 Public macro cellular system
0-7
1 One paging channel
0-7
5
0-1
1
0-1
1
0-1
1
0-1
1
0-1
1
0-1
1
0 - 127
0 Periodic registration every 2621 sec (43 min)
-1296000, +1296000
See Remarks As determined by the local MTA
-2592000, +2592000
See Remarks As determined by the local MTA
0 No distance based registration
0-2047
0
August, 2007
RF200 - 180
0 -15
0 - 31
0-7
0 - 15
8
16
3
6
0 - 31
0 - 15
0-1
0 -1
0 - 31
2
7
1
0
1
0-1
0 - 15(4 - 452 PN Chps)
0 - 15(4 - 452 PN Chps)
0 - 15(4 - 452 PN Chps)
0 - 15
0 - 15
0-7
1
8
10
10
2
4
0
0 - 63(-0.5x dB)
0 - 63(-0.5x dB)
0 - 15 (=< 0.1 - 319 sec)
0 - 15 (x0.5 dB)
28
32
3
5
-14 dB
-16 dB
4 sec
2.5 dB
4. Handoff Parameters
Pilot Search Parameters
PILOT_PN
SEARCH_WIN_A
SEARCH_WIN_N
SEARCH_WIN_R
NGHBR_MAX_AGE
PILOT_INC
NGHBR_CONFIG
Pilot Strength Parameters
T_ADD
T_DROP
T_TDROP
T_COMP
8' = 0 dB
16' = 0 dB
3 dB
(6 +1) access probes per sequence
August, 2007
RF200 - 181
Range
Recommended Value
Remarks
Acquisition
AccessChannelAcquisitionSearchWidth
AccessChannelDemodulationSearchWidth
TrafficChannelAcquisitionSearchWidth
TrafficChannelDemodulationSearchWidth
PowerControl
RateSet1Data, RateSet2Data
PrRXerror (FER %)
Full
Half
Quarter
Eighth
Unknown
RRXincrease
Full
Half
Quarter
Eighth
Unknown
RateSet1Data
PRXlower (Ew/Nt)
PRXupper (Ew/Nt)
PRXstart (Ew/Nt)
RateSet2Data
PRXlower (Ew/Nt)
PRXupper (Ew/Nt)
PRXstart (Ew/Nt)
RateSet1Data
PrTXerror
RTXincrease
PTXlower
PTXupper
PTXstart
RateSet2Data
PrTXerror
RTXincrease
PTXlower
PTXupper
PTXstart
PowerControlGainOffset
August, 2007
25 - 4095
25 - 4095
25 - 4095
25 - 4095
1/16 - 256/16
1/16 - 256/16
1/16 - 256/16
1/16 - 256/16
1/16 - 256/16
1/256 - 4095/256
1/256 - 4095/256
1/256 - 4095/256
1/256 - 4095/256
1/256 - 4095/256
TBA
TBA
TBA
TBA
16/16
80/16
80/16
80/16
16/16
Used by
Used by
Used by
Used by
the BTS
the BTS
the BTS
the BTS
1%
5%
5%
5%
1%
42/256
7/256
7/256
7/256
14/256
1/256 - 4095/256
1/256 - 4095/256
1/256 - 4095/256
1/256 - 4095/256
1/256 - 4095/256
1/256 - 4095/256
1/16 - 256/16
1/256 - 4095/256
-4095/256 - 0/256
-4095/256 - 0/256
-4095/256 - 0/256
16
20/256
-2304/256
-768/256
-1536/256
1/16 - 256/16
1/256 - 4095/256
-4095/256 - 0/256
-4095/256 - 0/256
-4095/256 - 0/256
16
133/256
-3072/256
-256/256
-1536/256
-127 to 128
1%
-9 dB
-3 dB
-6 dB
1%
-12 dB
-1 dB
-6 dB
RF200 - 182
4/16 dB (4)
1
1
4/16 dB/ms
1
192/16 (4 dB [64] or more)
0
4
6
See Remarks
672/16
0
5
100 (20*5)
5?
10?
Q Wilting and blossoming are techniques for gracefully taking a sector from
service or returning it to service without dropping traffic.
August, 2007
RF200 - 183
word32
0 -1
0 -1
0 -1
0 - 255
0 - 255
-255/16 to 0/16 dB
word32Array, up to 20 nieghb
CELL_STANDARD, CELL_P
CELL_BORDER
See Remarks
See Remarks
1
0
0
TBA
216
-7
See Remarks
CELL_STANDARD
SyncChannel
SyncGain
0 - 255
PagingGain
0 - 255
PagingChannel
August, 2007
RF200 - 184
August, 2007
RF200 - 185
August, 2007
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 3
C1
C1
C1
PilotPn
66
237
408
PilotGain
127
127
127
127
SchGain
40
40
40
40
PchGain
110
110
110
110
SifPilotPwr
31
31
31
31 dBm
MinPcbGain
20
20
20
20
PcbGainFact
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
FwdPwrThresh
2 Frm
PwrThreshEna
PwrPeriodEna
PwrRepThresh
3 Frm
PwrRepFrames
7 Frm
PwrRepDelay
12
12
12
12 Frm
Default
RF200 - 186
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 3
C1
C1
C1
NomPwr
3 dB
InitPwr
-3
-3
-3
-3 dB
PwrStep
5 dB
NumStep
RPCMaxEbNo
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5 dB
RPCNomEbNo
9 dB
RPCMinEbNo
6 dB
RPCThrshNom
1930
1930
1930
Cell Size
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 3
Default
C1
C1
C1
TchacqWinSz
125
125
125
125 chp
TchmpthWinSz
25
25
25
25 chp
TchPamWinSz
25
25
25
25 chp
CellRadius
10 km
August, 2007
Default
RF200 - 187
August, 2007
Sector 2
Sector 3
Default
C1
C1
C1
SrchWinA
6 chp
SrchWinN
8 chp
SrchWinR
9 chp
TAdd
-14
-14
-14
-14 dB
TDrop
-16
-16
-16
-16 dB
TComp
4 dB
TTDrop
RF200 - 188
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 3
C1
C1
C1
MaxGain1Way
127
127
127
127
NomGain1Way
80
80
80
80
MinGain1Way
20
20
20
20
MaxGain2Way
127
127
127
127
NomGain2Way
80
80
80
75
MinGain2Way
20
20
20
20
MaxGain3Way
127
127
127
127
NomGain3Way
80
80
80
75
MinGain3Way
20
20
20
20
StepUp
10
10
10
StepDown
DeltaTime
7 Frm
StepDownDel
21
21
21
21 Frm
OrigDelay
100
100
100
100 Frm
TchWCCnt
42
42
42
42 TCH
August, 2007
Default
RF200 - 189
Sector 1
C1
1
6
3
-14.5
3
2
2
35
43
51
Enable
Enable
Enable
0
-7
-9
10
3
3
3
3
Sector 2
C1
1
6
3
-14.5
3
2
2
35
43
51
Enable
Enable
Enable
0
-7
-9
10
3
3
3
3
Sector 3
C1
1
6
3
-14.5
3
2
2
35
43
51
Enable
Enable
Enable
0
-7
-9
10
3
3
3
3
Default
1
6
3
-14.5
3
3
2
35
43
51
0
0
0
-6 dB
-8 dB
-10 dB
10
4 dB
3 dB
0 dB
3 dB
RF200 - 190
Introduction
Introduction to
to
Optimization
Optimization Tools
Tools
August, 2007
RF200 - 191
August, 2007
RF200 - 192
Co
sts
Profits
TaLosses
xe
s
Management
Dis
trib
utio
n
Capital
Complex!!!
Lea
s
vice
r
e
S
ion
t
c
e
Sel
es
ing
s
Stocking Su
i
pp
ert
v
lations
e
R
lie
r
o
d
b
a
L
A
rs
Test Shopper
Simpler
Con
ven
ienc
Price
e
System
are Administration
w
t
f
o
S
TransProvisioning
mission
nce
Phone
e
r
e
f
r
Inte
alls
C
d
ppe
o
r
D
Switch CBSC
Simpler
Complex!!!
Data C
apture
PSTN TrunkingData
Analys
is
BTS
Neighbor Lists Configuration
Acces
s
Cov
erag
e
Failur
es
Field Tools
RF200 - 193
114.50
118.25
130.75
Messaging
11500
Aeronautical
Case
Flight Data Recorder
CDMA Case
BTS
Temporal Analyzer Data
To study the cause of an aeronautical accident, we try to recover the Flight Data
Recorder and the Cockpit Voice Recorder.
To study the cause of a CDMA call processing accident, we review data from the
Temporal Analyzer and the Layer 3 Message Files -- for the same reasons.
August, 2007
RF200 - 194
CM
Switch Data
LPP
ENETlogs
LPP
pegs,
DMS-BUS
DTCs
CBSC
GPSR
TFU1
CDSU
CDSU
SBS
IOC
Vocoders
Selectors
Various
External
Analysis
Tools
BTS
IS-95/J-STD-8
Messages
GPSR
BSM
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
CDSU
DISCO 1
DISCO
2
System
CDSU
Ch. Card
DISCO
TFU1
ACC
Txcvr A
Internal Messages
Txcvr B
RFFE A
RFFE B
Txcvr C RFFE C
IS-95/J-STD-008 Messages
Unix-based,
PC-based
Data Analysis
Post-Processing
Tools
Handset
Messages
PC-based
Mobile Data
Capture Tools
PC-based
Mobile Data
Post-Processing
Tools
RF200 - 195
Autonomous
Autonomous Data
Data Collection
Collection
By
By Stowaway
Stowaway Mobiles
Mobiles
August, 2007
RF200 - 196
Stowaway Mobiles
Q Some operators are using stowaway mobiles in courier vehicles
or public transport (under agreement, of course)
Q A typical installation includes:
a commercial data collection device by a manufacturer such as
ZKcelltest
two attached phones, one for collection and one as a modem
a PN scanner
a GPS receiver
Q The data collection begins anytime the vehicle is driven
Q Collected data is uploaded to a server on the system
Q The central server also provides post-processing functions via a
web interface, allowing remote users to examine data for their
areas
August, 2007
RF200 - 197
Autonomous
Autonomous Data
Data Collection
Collection
By
By Subscriber
Subscriber Handsets
Handsets
August, 2007
RF200 - 198
BTS
PDSN/Foreign Agent
BTS
Backbone
Internet
Network
T SECURE TUNNELS T
VPNs
PDSN Authentication
Authorization
R-P Interface
Home Agent Accounting AAA
PSTN
t1
Switch
t1 v
BTS
SEL
t1
RF200 - 199
August, 2007
RF200 - 200
BTS
PDSN/Foreign Agent
BTS
Backbone
Internet
Network
T SECURE TUNNELS T
VPNs
PDSN Authentication
Authorization
R-P Interface
Home Agent Accounting AAA
PSTN
t1
Switch
t1 v
BTS
SEL
t1
August, 2007
RF200 - 201
Conventional
Conventional Field
Field Tools
Tools
August, 2007
RF200 - 202
Motorola
Andrew
MDM, CAIT
Agilent
Comarco
PN Scanners
Agilent
Berkeley
Varitronics
Andrew
Qualcomm
DTI
TouchWave
TouchWave
Ericsson
TEMS
RF200 - 203
August, 2007
RF200 - 204
August, 2007
RF200 - 205
Touchwave Tools
Q The BlueRose platform can
manage multiple phones and
collect data
Internal processor
manages test operations
independently for standalone operation
Internal PCMCIA flash
card provides storage
An external PC can display
collected data during or
after data collection
August, 2007
RF200 - 206
RF200 - 207
August, 2007
RF200 - 208
August, 2007
RF200 - 209
August, 2007
RF200 - 210
PN Scanners
Q Why PN scanners? Because phones cant
scan remaining set fast enough, miss
transient interfering signals
Q Berkeley Varitronics
high-resolution, GPS-locked
full-PN scan speed 26-2/3 ms.
2048 parallel processors for very fast
detection of transient interferors
Q Agilent (formerly Hewlett-Packard)
high resolution, GPS-locked
full-PN scan speed 1.2 sec.
Integrated with spectrum analyzer and
phone call-processing tool
Q Andrew
lower-cost, low-end solution
full-PN scan speed 6.3 sec.
integrated with phone & call-processing
data collection tool
high-end version also available using
Berkeley Scanner
August, 2007
RF200 - 211
Post-Processing Tools
Windcatcher
Analyzer
Interpreter
Vortex
RF200 - 212
Drive-Testing
Some
Some General
General Guidelines
Guidelines
August, 2007
RF200 - 213
Safety Considerations
Q Dont worry for the companys loss due to your accidental death
Qualified and eager replacements have resumes on file
Were constantly buying more drive-test vehicles
We were going to replace that old drive-test equipment soon
Were not really sure we needed your last drive test, anyway
Your death will serve as a warning to others, so its not in vain
Q Its OK to be careful and continue living for your own sake if you wish!
Q Always start and stop drive test file collection in a safe place off the road
and out of traffic patterns
Set up a graph window, message window, etc., whose motion can
provide a quick-glance visual reassurance that collection is running OK
Q While on the road, do not attempt to start or stop files, open or close
windows, or review results - just glance occasionally for signs of activity
Q If the PC freezes, the power cord pops out, or any other problem occurs
while collecting, dont try to deal with it or correct it while driving
Just pull over to the next really safe place to assess and correct
August, 2007
RF200 - 214
Physical Considerations
Q Be sure the connections (power, phone, PC and GPS cables) are
secure so they wont dislodge during collection and distract you
Q Be sure the equipment is physically restrained so it wont go flying
around and hit you in case of a panic stop or sudden swerve
Q Some GPS antennas are not weatherproof. Try to avoid getting
them drenched in heavy rain
Q The GPS antennas should be mounted where they have a view of
the sky as unobstructed as possible
Q External PCS or Cellular antennas should not be mounted closer
than about 1 foot to each other or to GPS antennas to ensure
there is no significant electromagnetic interference or pattern
distortion
August, 2007
RF200 - 215
Operational Concerns
Q The ideal length for drive-test files is 30 minutes to an hour
Youd hate to lose bigger files in case the PC locks up!
Larger files are a hassle to move around, load, and analyze
When interesting call processing events occur, its nice if they are in
small files that can be easily processed and stored
Q Always make sure you have at least 2 or 3 GB of free hard drive space
before you start a new drive-test collection
Dont open other programs while collecting data - they can tie up all
your free space in swap files and cause a crash
Check your hard drive for errors and defragment it every week or so if
youre collecting and transferring big files
Q Dont retrace large parts of your travel path during a drive-test run
Its harder to distinguish what happened on each run when analyzing
drives that cruise the same road multiple times
Q Always stop the test call before you stop recording -- otherwise, postprocessing software may misinterpret calling events
August, 2007
RF200 - 216
August, 2007
RF200 - 217
GPS Basics
Q GPS (Global Positioning System) was funded and implemented by the US
military and serves both civilian and military users
approved military users use a high precision signal (C/A)
civilian users use a lower-precision component of the signal
GPS signals are spread-spectrum at 1.545 and 1.2 GHz.
Q Other Global Navigation Systems:
Europe: Galileo (not yet launched)
Russia: GLONASS (in poor repair)
Q GPS uses 21 active satellites and 3 parked spares, all in mid-level orbits
at about 10,000 KM
Hour-by-hour, 5 to 7 satellites are usually in view anywhere
Reception of four satellites is enough to fix determine location
Three satellites are enough if users elevation already known
GPS reception is often blocked in cities, under bridges, dense forests,
or wherever obstacles interrupt the signal path
Q Dead Reckoning is a method of supplementing GPS with independent
location information when GPS cant be received
Q Differential GPS is a technique adding independent corrections to
received GPS data for better accuracy. GPS civilian accuracy was
improved in May, 2000. DGPS hasnt been widely used since then
August, 2007
RF200 - 218
Dead-Reckoning Systems
Q Dead-reckoning systems normally use a combination of magnetic
compass and wheel rotation sensors to augment GPS
Q The manufacturers instructions should be followed for installation.
Major factors requiring attention are:
If used, Wheel sensors must be securely mounted to prevent
accidental breakaway while driving (major injury hazard)
Magnetic compasses should be located as far as possible from
magnetic field sources in or on the vehicle
example: mag-mount antennas
(experimentation is often required)
Calibration by actual test is required to achieve workable
accuracy for dead-reckoning systems
August, 2007
RF200 - 219
Drive-Tests: Phones
Maintenance
Maintenance Features
Features of
of
CDMA
CDMA Handsets
Handsets
August, 2007
RF200 - 220
August, 2007
RF200 - 221
August, 2007
Processing State
Debug Screen
S04274 SI2 2
T-56 D070-04
P0060 CH0350
PR6 RC0 0Z11
V206T144L:02
Receive
Power,
dbm
Ec/Io, db
(primary PN only)
Carrier Freq.
(Channel #)
Packet Zone ID
RF200 - 222
FCH
Receive (FL)
Vocoder Rate Walsh Code
Processing State
Debug Screen
TE8 RE8 40 6
T-10 D070-04
P0060 CH0350
PR6 RC33 Z11
SO00003 G207
F001.54%L:02
Receive
Power,
dbm
Ec/Io, db
(primary PN only)
Carrier Freq.
(Channel #)
Packet Zone ID
Radio Configuration
(RC3, RC3 common)
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
RF200 - 223
August, 2007
D
CBV: 3957
ABV: 3954 ABT: 031
ARF: 0000 CCL: 01
SID: 04157
NID: 00001
CH: 0100 RSSI: 093
DPN: 084 TX:-46
BFRM:0000000968
TFRM:0000135712
FER:% 000.71
LT: 036:06:36
LG: -086:45:36
EC: -16 -63 -63
PN: 084 084 084
FNGLK: Y Y N
WLSH: 01 01 01
ACT: 084 484 096
-01 -01 200
CND: 220 332 200
200 332 NGH: 076
080 340 068 196
O56 320 220 316
344 488 196 200
392 124 128 084
224 008 084
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
RF200 - 224
August, 2007
RF200 - 225
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
##
040793
select MENU/OK button
scroll to save Phone #
select
August, 2007
PN offset
Receive
Power
Io
Channel
Frequency
RF200 - 226
The Motorola Q
Q Getting Into Maintenance Mode:
Enter # # 3 3 2 8 4 #
Press the green Talk button
A Field Test Mode screen will appear
Choose one:
A Call Status Screen <<< USE
(this is the main maintenance display)
B Field Test Menu
(this controls special test modes and
GPS/HDR settings)
C GPS data
(shows various GPS parameters)
D Debug Information
I/O register and error log display
Q Getting Out of Maintenance Mode:
Press EXIT at bottom of Field Test Mode screen
August, 2007
RF200 - 227
Number of
Actives
Number of
Candidates
CDMA 111
186
84
NA
EVDO 100
111
OPN
Carrier
Channel #
60 1 20 P 50
120 0 IDL CE
H N/A 0.00 0
4139 43 6 2 0
120 0x785B64D2 5
79 -77 -128 128 7
ACC 0 70.11.225.186
SID
August, 2007
Number of
Neighbors
Band:
P=PCS, C=800
NID
Call Processing
State
Reason Last
Call Ended
# dropped calls
# total calls
Avg. FER
RF200 - 228
August, 2007
RF200 - 229
UATI
Carrier
Channel #
PN
HDR Session State
CDMA 111
186
84
NA
EVDO 100
111
OPN
60 1 20 P 50
120 0 IDL CE
H N/A 0.00 0
4139 43 6 2 0
120 0x785B64D2 5
79 -77 -128 128 7
ACC 0 70.11.225.186
Receive
Power, dbm
August, 2007
IP Address
RF200 - 230
RF200 - 231
August, 2007
RF200 - 232
N5 N5M failure
BS BS Ack failure
WO L3 WFO State Timeout
MP Max Probe Failure
PC Paging Channel loss
RR Reorder or Release on PCH
?? Unknown Condition
Battery
Local Time Condition
RX Power
Strongest Active
#
#
Channel
PN
Ec/Io Actives Neighbors Number
Strongest Neighbor
# Cand- Call Proc Last Call
Exit Reason
PN
Ec/Io idates
State
Rx Power Tx Power Last Call FER% # Drops
dbm
dbm (Io)
Current
# Calls
Service Option
SID
NID
CP CP Exit
RST CP Restart
RTC Restricted
8V 8K voice original 13S 13K SMS
PLT Pilot Acquisition
IL 8K loopback
8MO 8K Markov Old SYN Sync Acquisition
TIM Timing Change
8EV 8K EVRC
DAT Data
Background Sch
8S 8K SMS
8M 8K Markov New BKS
IDL
13L 13K loopback
13M 13K Markov New OVD Idle
Overhead
13V
13K
Voice
PAG
Paging
August, 2007
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott
Baxter
SMS
ORD
REG
TCI
WFO
WFA
CON
REL
NON
MENU 073887*
Enter 000000 for security code.
Scroll down to Test Mode.
Enter subscriber entity lock code
if required by your phone
August, 2007
RF200 - 234
Motorola V60C
Q MENU 073887*
Q Enter 000000 for security
code.
Q Scroll down to Test Mode.
Q Enter subscriber entity lock
code if required by your phone
Same maintenance display as
shown for Startac
August, 2007
RF200 - 235
August, 2007
RF200 - 236
August, 2007
RF200 - 237
August, 2007
RF200 - 238
August, 2007
RF200 - 239
Q To enter the maintenance display, hover your PCs cursor over the
Connection Manager main indicator window or the Go button and
type ##debug.
August, 2007
RF200 - 240
August, 2007
RF200 - 241
RF200 Section IV
Multi-Carrier
Multi-Carrier Operation
Operation
and
and Its
Its Complications
Complications
August, 2007
RF200 - 242
August, 2007
RF200 - 243
Its A
Multi-Carrier/Multi-System/Multi-Manufacturer
World!
August, 2007
RF200 - 244
IDLE
IN-CALL
IN-CALL
Q Boundary types
between different operators
same frequency, different frequency, even different band
between different BSCs or Switches of Same Operator
same frequency, different frequency, even different band
between different carriers where number of carriers changes
same frequency, different frequency, even different band!
Q A reliable transition method must be planned for users in all
circumstances
all directions of approach
all modes of operation (idle, active voice call, dormant data session,
active data session)
August, 2007
RF200 - 245
August, 2007
RF200 - 246
The
The Mobile
Mobile View:
View:
When
When Do
Do II Change
Change Frequencies?
Frequencies?
August, 2007
RF200 - 247
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
Finding the System
Idle Mode
Call Start
In-Call Operation
August, 2007
RF200 - 248
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
Finding the System
MRU
1025
650
25
125
250
175
384
100
375
675
625
825
PRL
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Start at top
Of MRU and
Check until Look up found
A signal is Signal in PRL
found
And try to climb
To more preferred
Signal if available
August, 2007
RF200 - 249
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
Idle Mode
Channel List Message
50, 125, 175
Hash and go!
August, 2007
RF200 - 250
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
Idle Mode
Global Service
Redirection Message
ACCOLC:1111100000100000
GO TO CH. 225
If your ACCOLC is ON,
Go where they tell you!
August, 2007
RF200 - 251
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
Idle Mode
F1 PN232
F2 PN240
F2 PN272
F3 PN240
F2 PN474
Check neighbors on
Other frequencies during
Unused paging slots.
If stronger than current
Active, do idle mode
Handoff to new frequencuy
August, 2007
RF200 - 252
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
Idle Mode
Channel List Message
50, 125, 175
Hash and go!
Global Service
Redirection Message
ACCOLC:1111100000100000
GO TO CH. 225
If your ACCOLC is ON,
Go where they tell you!
Neighbor List Message
F1 PN240
F1 PN168
F1 PN336
F1 PN500
F1 PN372
F1 PN232
F2 PN240
F2 PN272
F3 PN240
F2 PN474
Check neighbors on
Other frequencies during
Unused paging slots.
If stronger than current
Active, do idle mode
Handoff to new frequencuy
August, 2007
RF200 - 253
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
Call Start
Getting Started:
Mobile sends
Page Response or
Origination Message
System evaluates
Present loading on
Each carrier and
Prepares a traffic
Channel on the
Carrier it prefers.
System sends channel
Assignment message
To the mobile
Mobile goes to the
Frequency it is told
Nortel: MCTA
Lucent: Pooling
Motorola: Pooling
August, 2007
RF200 - 254
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
In-Call Operation
NORMAL SOFT HANDOFFS
Mobile monitors pilots
And sends PSMM to
Request handoffs
When it desires
No Frequency Changes
August, 2007
RF200 - 255
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
In-Call Operation
HARD HANDOFFS
Mobile cannot see signals
On other frequencies.
System must use special
traps to trigger
And decide handoffs:
Pilot Beacons
PILOT
DATABASE
August, 2007
RF200 - 256
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
In-Call Operation
HARD HANDOFFS
Mobile cannot see signals
On other frequencies.
System must use special
traps to trigger
And decide handoffs:
Round-Trip Delay, or
Ec/Io and Quality Triggers
Border Cells
RTD rings
August, 2007
RF200 - 257
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
In-Call Operation
NORMAL SOFT HANDOFFS
Mobile monitors pilots
And sends PSMM to
Request handoffs
When it desires
HARD HANDOFFS
Mobile cannot see signals
On other frequencies.
System must use special
traps to trigger
And decide handoffs:
Pilot Beacons
PILOT
DATABASE
Round-Trip Delay, or
Ec/Io and Quality Triggers
Border Cells
RTD rings
August, 2007
RF200 - 258
Multi-Carrier Operation:
Mobiles Change Frequencies. When/Why/How?
Finding the System
MRU
1025
650
25
125
250
175
384
100
375
675
625
825
PRL
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Idle Mode
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Start at top
Of MRU and
Check until Look up found
A signal is Signal in PRL
found
And try to climb
To more preferred
Signal if available
F1 PN232
F2 PN240
F2 PN272
F3 PN240
F2 PN474
Check neighbors on
Other frequencies during
Unused paging slots.
If stronger than current
Active, do idle mode
Handoff to new frequencuy
August, 2007
Call Start
Getting Started:
Mobile sends
Page Response or
Origination Message
System evaluates
Present loading on
Each carrier and
Prepares a traffic
Channel on the
Carrier it prefers.
System sends channel
Assignment message
To the mobile
Mobile goes to the
Frequency it is told
Nortel: MCTA
Lucent: Pooling
Motorola: Pooling
In-Call Operation
NORMAL SOFT HANDOFFS
Mobile monitors pilots
And sends PSMM to
Request handoffs
When it desires
HARD HANDOFFS
Mobile cannot see signals
On other frequencies.
System must use special
traps to trigger
And decide handoffs:
Pilot Beacons
PILOT
DATABASE
Round-Trip Delay, or
Ec/Io and Quality Triggers
Border Cells
RTD rings
RF200 - 259
Hard Handoffs
Q Soft Handoff is the preferred mode in CDMA. Its diversity provides
excellent reliability and resistance to fading.
Q Soft Handoff is possible only if all these conditions are true:
the mobile is a one-frequency-at-a-time device, so all sectors in
handoff must be on the same carrier frequency
on the network side, all the base stations involved must have
packet paths in backhaul to the BSC/access manager currently
being used by the mobile. If more than one BSC/access
manager is involved, special packet links are required between
them
all new base stations being added in handoff must accept the
call using its current frame offset (rarely a concern)
Q If any of these conditions cannot be met, then the handoff must be
hard i.e., the mobile must give up its current links and quickly
jump to the new link or links
Q Notice that if the new target sector is on a different frequency than
the mobiles current call, the mobile will not even see its pilot and
will not know to request a handoff!
August, 2007
RF200 - 260
RF200 - 261
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
EXTENDED HANDOFF
DIRECTION MSG.
August, 2007
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
RF200 - 262
EXTENDED HANDOFF
DIRECTION MSG.
August, 2007
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
RF200 - 263
HARD_INCLUDED: Yes
FRAME_OFFSET: 5.00 ms
PRIVATE_LCM: No RESET_L2: Yes
RESET_FPC: Yes SERV_NEG_TYPE: Yes
ENCRYPT_MODE: Encryption Disabled
NOM_PWR_EXT: No
NOM_PWR: 0 dB
NUM_PREAMBLE: 7
BAND_CLASS: 800 MHz Cellular Band
CDMA_FREQ: 384
ADD_LENGTH: 0
PILOT_PN: 360
PWR_COMB_IND: No
CODE_CHAN: 48
RESERVED: 0
August, 2007
RF200 - 264
August, 2007
RF200 - 265
f1
August, 2007
W0 Pilot
w1 Paging
wa
Data
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
f1
f3
W0 Pilot
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
wc Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
IS-95
IS-95
IS-95
IS-95
f2
W0 Pilot
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
wc Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
f2
1xRTT
IS-95
IS-95
f1
W0 Pilot
w1 Paging
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
IS-95
W0 Pilot
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
wc Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
f3
f4
W0 Pilot
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
wc Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
IS-95
IS-95
W0 Pilot
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
wc Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
Basic Multi-Carrier
Operation
W0 Pilot
w1 Paging
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
W0 Pilot
w1 Paging
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
f2
f4
W0 Pilot
w1 Paging
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
f3
IS-95
W0 Pilot
w1 Paging
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
f4
W0 Pilot
w1 Paging
wa Traffic
wb Traffic
w32 Sync
wx Traffic
wy Traffic
wz Traffic
IS-95
RF200 - 266
CDMA/Analog
CDMA/Analog Overlay
Overlay Considerations
Considerations
August, 2007
RF200 - 267
GSRM
AMPS Existing System
August, 2007
RF200 - 268
August, 2007
RF200 - 269
RF200
1xRTT
1xRTT Data
Data Introduction:
Introduction:
Radio
Radio Configurations,
Configurations,
Variable
Variable Length
Length Walsh
Walsh Codes
Codes
August, 2007
RF200 - 270
REVERSE CHANNELS
W0: PILOT
W32: SYNC
BTS
W1: PAGING
ACCESS
TRAFFIC
Wn: TRAFFIC
Q Existing IS-95A/JStd-008 CDMA uses the channels above for call setup and
traffic channels all call processing transactions use these channels
traffic channels are 9600 bps (rate set 1) or 14400 bps (rate set 2)
Q IS-2000 CDMA is backward-compatible with IS-95, but offers additional
radio configurations and additional kinds of possible channels
These additional modes are called Radio Configurations
IS-95 Rate Set 1 and 2 are IS-2000 Radio Configurations 1 & 2
August, 2007
RF200 - 271
FORWARD CHANNELS
F-Pilot
Includes Power
Control Subchannel
F-Sync
1 to 7
PAGING
Access Channel
(IS-95B compatible)
Enhanced
Access Channel
0 to 8
F-BCH
0 to 3
F-QPCH
F-CPCCH
Common
Power Control Channel
How many 1
Possible:
1
0 to 4
BTS
0 to 7
0 to 7
Users:
0 to many
1
Broadcast Channel
F-CACH
Common
Assignment Channel
F-CCCH
Common
Control Channels
F-TRAFFIC
F-FCH
Forward
Traffic Channels
Fundamental Channel
Dedicated
Control Channel
0 or 1
F-DCCH
0 to 7
0 to 2
F-SCH
Supplemental
Supplemental
Channels RC3,4,5
Common
Control Channel
R-Pilot 1
R-ACH or
R-EACH
R-CCCH 0 or 1
R-TRAFFIC
Reverse Fundamental
Channel (IS95B comp.)
Dedicated
Control Channel
Reverse
Supplemental Channel
R-FCH 1
R-DCCH 0 or 1
R-SCH 0 to 2
August, 2007
RF200 - 272
SR1
1xRTT
1 carrier
1.2288
MCPS
SR3
3xRTT
Fwd:
3 carriers
1.2288
MCPS
Rev:
3.6864
MCPS
Radio
Configuration
Forward Link
Data
Rates
Data
Rates
Radio
Configuration
Reverse Link
RC1
9600
9600
RC1
RC2
14400
14400
RC2
Quarter-rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 9600
RC3
9600
RC3
RC4
RC5
RC6
or convolutional or Turbo
encoding, base rate 14400
Half-rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 9600
RC4
Quarter-rate convolutional or
Turbo Coding, base rate 14400
RC5
RC6
RC7
RC8
August, 2007
RC9
153600
9600
9600
153600
307200
307200
14400
14400
230400
230400
9600
307200
9600
614400
14400
460800
14400
1036800
9600
307200
614400
14400
460800
1036800
RF200 - 273
Power
Control
Puncturing
Data Bits
+CRC &
Tail bits
8.6 kbps
BTS
1/2 rate
Conv Encoder
9.6 kbps
Symbol
Repetition
User Long
Code Mask
Pwr Ctrl
Bits
800 bps
Gain
Gain
PC 19.2 ksps
Punc
Long Code
Generator
800 bps
Power Ctrl
Decimator
19.2 ksps
August, 2007
Long Code
Decimator
Walsh 64
Generator
FIR
LPF
FIR
LPF
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
/W
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kbps
Interleaver
Q
Short Code
RF200 - 274
2 of 6
Data Bits
13.35 kbps
+CRC &
Tail bits
1/2 rate
Conv Encoder
14.4 kbps
Symbol
Repetition
Symbol
Puncturing
28.8 ksps
Pwr Ctrl
Bits
800 bps
Gain
Gain
PC 19.2 ksps
Punc
19.2 ksps
Long Code
Generator
August, 2007
Long Code
Decimator
FIR
LPF
FIR
LPF
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
800 bps
Power Ctrl
Walsh 64
Decimator
Generator
/W
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kbps
Interleaver
User Long
Code Mask
BTS
I
Short Code
Power
Control
Puncturing
Q
Short Code
RF200 - 275
Power
Control
Puncturing
Full Rate
Data Bits
8.6 kbps
+CRC &
Tail bits
1/4 rate
Conv Encoder
9.6 kbps
Pwr Ctrl
Bits
800 bps
Gain
Gain
Interleaver
38.4 ksps
User Long
Code Mask
PC
Punc
38.4 ksps
BTS
Long Code
Generator
Long Code
Decimator
1228.8 kbps
/W/2
1228.8 kcps
Orthogonal
Spreading
19.2 ksps
I
Serial to
Parallel
800 bps
Power Ctrl
Decimator
August, 2007
+
-
FIR
LPF
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
Walsh 64
Generator
1228.8 kcps
19.2 ksps
I
Short Code
The
stream of
symbols
is divided
into two
parts:
one on
logical I
and
one on
logical Q
1228.8 kcps
Q
Short Code
+
+
FIR
LPF
1228.8 kcps
Complex scrambling
ensures that the
physical I and Q phase
planes contain equal
amplitudes at all times.
This minimizes the
peak-to-average power
levels in the signal.
RF200 - 276
Power
Control
Puncturing
Full Rate
Data Bits
8.6 kbps
+CRC &
Tail bits
1/2 rate
Conv Encoder
9.6 kbps
Pwr Ctrl
Bits
800 bps
Gain
Gain
Interleaver
19.2 ksps
User Long
Code Mask
BTS
PC
Punc
Long Code
Generator
19.2 ksps
Long Code
Decimator
1228.8 kbps
/W/2
1228.8 kcps
Orthogonal
Spreading
9.6 ksps
FIR
LPF
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
9.6 ksps
August, 2007
800 bps
Power Ctrl
Decimator
I
Short Code
The
stream of
symbols
is divided
into two
parts:
one on
logical I
and
one on
logical Q
1228.8 kcps
Q
Short Code
+
+
FIR
LPF
1228.8 kcps
Complex scrambling
ensures that the
physical I and Q phase
planes contain equal
amplitudes at all times.
This minimizes the
peak-to-average power
levels in the signal.
RF200 - 277
1228.8 kcps
Orthogonal
Spreading
614.4 ksps
Payload
Data Bits
152.4 kbps
+CRC &
Tail bits
1/4 rate
Conv Encoder
153.6 kbps
Interleaver
614.4 ksps
Gain
User Long
Code Mask
614.4 ksps
BTS
Long Code
Generator
Long Code
Decimator
1228.8 kbps
/W/2
307.2 ksps
+
-
FIR
LPF
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
Serial to
Parallel
Walsh 4
Generator
1228.8 kcps
307.2 ksps
1228.8 kcps
Q
Short Code
The
stream of
symbols
is divided
into two
parts:
one on
logical I
and
one on
logical Q
August, 2007
I
Short Code
+
+
FIR
LPF
1228.8 kcps
Complex scrambling
ensures that the
physical I and Q phase
planes contain equal
amplitudes at all times.
This minimizes the
peak-to-average power
levels in the signal.
RF200 - 278
1228.8 kcps
Orthogonal
Spreading
614.4 ksps
Payload
Data Bits
304.8 kbps
+CRC &
Tail bits
1/2 rate
Conv Encoder
307.2 kbps
Interleaver
614.4 ksps
Gain
User Long
Code Mask
614.4 ksps
BTS
Long Code
Generator
Long Code
Decimator
1228.8 kbps
/W/2
307.2 ksps
+
-
FIR
LPF
1228.8 kcps
1228.8 kcps
Serial to
Parallel
Walsh 4
Generator
1228.8 kcps
307.2 ksps
1228.8 kcps
Q
Short Code
The
stream of
symbols
is divided
into two
parts:
one on
logical I
and
one on
logical Q
August, 2007
I
Short Code
+
+
FIR
LPF
1228.8 kcps
Complex scrambling
ensures that the
physical I and Q phase
planes contain equal
amplitudes at all times.
This minimizes the
peak-to-average power
levels in the signal.
RF200 - 279
Unique Properties:
Mutual Orthogonality
EXAMPLE:
Correlation of Walsh Code #23 with Walsh Code #59
#23
#59
Sum
0110100101101001100101101001011001101001011010011001011010010110
0110011010011001100110010110011010011001011001100110011010011001
0000111111110000000011111111000011110000000011111111000000001111
August, 2007
#
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
RF200 - 280
August, 2007
RF200 - 281
19,200 symbols/second
DATA
SYMBOLS
WALSH
CODE
307,200 symbols/second
DATA
SYMBOLS
WALSH
CODE
August, 2007
RF200 - 282
WALSH
# 2-Chips
0 00
1 01
WALSH
#
0
1
2
3
4-Chips
0000
0101
0011
0110
2x2 4x4
WALSH
#
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8-Chips
00000000
01010101
00110011
01100110
00001111
01011010
00111100
01101001
8x8
WALSH
#
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16x16
WALSH CODES
#
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32x32
WALSH CODES
#
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64x64
RF200 - 283
W3
0110 0110
16 0110
W11
W34 0110
W716 0110 1001 0110 1001
8
W7
0110 1001
16 0110
W15
W364
W3564
W1964
W5164
W1164
W4364
W2764
W5964
W764
W3964
W2364
W5564
W1564
W4764
W3164
W6364
RF200 - 284
WALSH CODES
0110
#
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
RF200 - 285
This way of arranging Walsh codes is called bit reversal order. It shows each
Walsh codes parents and children. Remember, we cannot use any Walsh code if
another Walsh code directly above it or below it is in use.
4 chips
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
16 chips
76.8
ksps
76,800
sps
76.8
ksps
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
31 Code#
38.4k
38,400
sps
15
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
32 chips
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
Sync
Pilot
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging 7
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging 3
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging 5
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
PCH 6
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
PCH 2
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
PCH 4
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19,200
sps
64 chips
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
128 chips
RF200 - 286
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
August, 2007
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
8 chips
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
23
30
Code#
76.8
ksps
7
14
15
76.8
ksps
27
22
7
14
11
6
11
6
19
26
3
10
3
10
13
2
29
18
5
12
13
2
9
4
21
28
153,600
sps
8
5
12
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
0
25
20
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
9
4
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
Code#
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
17
24
7
6
1
8
3
2
Code#
16
Code# 0
5
1
4
0
Code#
307200
sps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
Code#
3
1
2
0
Code#
But if the users are highly mobile, forward power may exhaust at typically 30-40 users.
In fixed-wireless or stadium type applications, all walsh codes may be usable.
4 chips
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76,800
sps
16 chips
76.8
ksps
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
31 Code#
38.4k
38,400
sps
15
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
32 chips
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Sync
Pilot
19,200
sps
64 chips
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
128 chips
RF200 - 287
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
August, 2007
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
8 chips
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
???????
Traffic Channels
Voice or Data
9.6k/14.4k
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
23
30
Code#
76.8
ksps
7
14
15
76.8
ksps
27
22
7
14
11
6
11
6
19
26
3
10
3
10
13
2
29
18
5
12
13
2
9
4
21
28
153,600
sps
8
5
12
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
0
25
20
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
9
4
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
Code#
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
17
24
7
6
1
8
3
2
Code#
16
Code# 0
5
1
4
0
Code#
307200
sps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
Code#
3
1
2
0
Code#
FCHs of 1xRTT RC3 users consume less power, so more total users are possible than in
IS-95. The BTS will probably have enough forward power to carry calls on all 61 walsh codes!
4 chips
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
16 chips
76.8
ksps
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
31 Code#
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Sync
Pilot
64 chips
RC1,2,3 Voice
38,400
sps
15
32 chips
19,200
sps
??
F-FCHs mixed
76,800
sps
76.8
ksps
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
128 chips
RF200 - 288
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
August, 2007
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
8 chips
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
23
30
Code#
76.8
ksps
7
14
15
76.8
ksps
27
22
7
14
11
6
11
6
19
26
3
10
3
10
13
2
29
18
5
12
13
2
9
4
21
28
153,600
sps
8
5
12
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
0
25
20
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
9
4
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
Code#
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
17
24
7
6
1
8
3
2
Code#
16
Code# 0
5
1
4
0
Code#
307200
sps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
Code#
3
1
2
0
Code#
4 chips
0
8 chips
Code#
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
10
16 chips
14
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
153,600
sps
15
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
13
11
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
25
21
13
29
19
11
27
23
15
31 Code#
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
F-FCHs 9.6k
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC3 Voice
RC3 Voice
RC3 Data
38,400
sps
Code#
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Sync
Pilot
64 chips
F-FCHs 9.6k
76,800
sps
38.4k
38.4k
17
Code#
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
30
38.4k
14
38.4k
22
38.4k
38.4k
26
38.4k
10
38.4k
18
38.4k
76.8
ksps
38.4k
28
76.8
ksps
38.4k
12
76.8
ksps
38.4k
20
76.8
ksps
38.4k
76.8
ksps
38.4k
24
38.4k
32 chips
38.4k
16
76.8
ksps
307200
sps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
12
Code#
Code# 0
19,200
sps
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
Code#
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
Code#
Code#
Code#
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
128 chips
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
August, 2007
RF200 - 289
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
16 chips
76.8
ksps
8 chips
76.8
ksps
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
F-FCHs
Data
RC3 Voice
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
RC3 Voice
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
RC3 Voice
64 chips
Sync
Pilot
F-FCHs 9.6k
31 Code#
38.4k
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
F-FCHs 9.6k
38,400
sps
15
32 chips
19,200
sps
F-FCHs 9.6k
76,800
sps
76.8
ksps
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
128 chips
RF200 - 290
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
August, 2007
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
4 chips
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
23
30
Code#
76.8
ksps
7
14
15
76.8
ksps
27
22
7
14
11
6
11
6
19
26
3
10
3
10
13
2
29
18
5
12
13
2
9
4
21
28
153,600
sps
8
5
12
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
0
25
20
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
9
4
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
Code#
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
17
24
7
6
1
8
3
2
Code#
16
Code# 0
5
1
4
0
Code#
307200
sps
Code#
3
1
2
0
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
16 chips
76.8
ksps
8 chips
76.8
ksps
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
F-FCHs
Data
F-DCCHs
RC3 Voice
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
RC3 Voice
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
RC3 Voice
64 chips
Sync
Pilot
F-FCHs 9.6k
31 Code#
38.4k
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
F-FCHs 9.6k
38,400
sps
15
32 chips
19,200
sps
F-FCHs 9.6k
76,800
sps
76.8
ksps
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
128 chips
RF200 - 291
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
August, 2007
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
4 chips
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
23
30
Code#
76.8
ksps
7
14
15
76.8
ksps
27
22
7
14
11
6
11
6
19
26
3
10
3
10
13
2
29
18
5
12
13
2
9
4
21
28
153,600
sps
8
5
12
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
0
25
20
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
9
4
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
Code#
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
17
24
7
6
1
8
3
2
Code#
16
Code# 0
5
1
4
0
Code#
307200
sps
Code#
3
1
2
0
Code#
4 chips
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
F-FCHs
Data
F-DCCHs
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
64 chips
Sync
Pilot
RC3 Voice
31 Code#
38.4k
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
RC3 Voice
38,400
sps
15
32 chips
F-FCHs 9.6k
76,800
sps
16 chips
19,200
sps
F-FCHs 9.6k
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
128 chips
RF200 - 292
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
August, 2007
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
8 chips
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
23
30
Code#
76.8
ksps
7
14
15
76.8
ksps
27
22
7
76.8
ksps
11
6
11
76.8
ksps
19
26
3
14
3
10
13
6
29
18
5
10
13
2
9
2
1
12
21
28
153,600
sps
4
5
12
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
8
25
20
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
9
4
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
0
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
Code#
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
17
24
7
6
1
8
3
2
Code#
16
Code# 0
5
1
4
0
Code#
307200
sps
Code#
3
1
2
0
Code#
August, 2007
RF200 - 293
3 F-SCH, 37 IS-95/1xRTT RC3 Voice Users, 4 Active+12 Control-Hold RC3 Data Users
16 data users time-share 2 F-DCCH for Control Hold state.
Data users get 38.4, 76.4, or 153.6 kb/s peak, ~9 kb/s average, good latency.
4 chips
14
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
7
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
22
14
30
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
F-FCHs
Data
F-DCCHs
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
RC3 Voice
RC3 Voice
64 chips
Sync
Pilot
RC3 Voice
38.4k
27
26
38.4k
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
F-FCHs 9.6k
38.4k
11
38.4k
19
10
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
128 chips
RF200 - 294
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
August, 2007
3
18
32 chips
F-FCHs 9.6k
31 Code#
29
2
19,200
sps
F-FCHs 9.6k
38,400
sps
15
13
23
21
28
F-SCH
38K
F-SCH
38K
10
16 chips
8 chips
Code#
Code#
12
Code#
Code#
5
12
76.8
ksps
8
0
25
20
76.8
ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
9
4
76.8
ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
17
24
76.8
ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
1
8
76,800
sps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
11
76.8
ksps
Code#
16
Code# 0
Code#
13
15
9
2
153,600
sps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
76K
RC3
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
Code#
7
3
5
1
4
0
Code#
307200
sps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
Code#
3
1
2
0
Code#
Wow! 118 users! But RC4 users F-FCHs consume as much power as old IS-95 calls.
BTS may run out of forward power before the all walsh codes are used.
4 chips
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
8 chips
16 chips
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
31 Code#
38.4k
38,400
sps
15
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
32 chips
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
Sync
Pilot
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19,200
sps
64 chips
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
???????
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC4 Voice
76,800
sps
76.8
ksps
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
128 chips
RF200 - 295
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
August, 2007
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC4 Voice
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC4 Voice
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC4 Voice
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
23
30
Code#
76.8
ksps
7
14
15
76.8
ksps
27
22
7
14
11
6
11
6
19
26
3
10
3
10
13
2
29
18
5
12
13
2
9
4
21
28
153,600
sps
8
5
12
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
0
25
20
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
9
4
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
Code#
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
17
24
7
6
1
8
3
2
Code#
16
Code# 0
5
1
4
0
Code#
307200
sps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
Code#
3
1
2
0
Code#
1 F-SCH, 80 1xRTT RC4 Voice Users, 4 Active+12 Control-Hold RC4 Data Users
16 data users time-share 2 F-DCCH for Control Hold state. Data users will get 38.4,
76.4, 153.6 or 307.2 kb/s peak, ~19 kb/s average, good latency. But fwd power may exhaust!
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
4 chips
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
8 chips
16 chips
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
31 Code#
38.4k
38,400
sps
15
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
32 chips
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
Sync
Pilot
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19,200
sps
64 chips
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
F-FCHs
F-DCCHs
????
76,800
sps
76.8
ksps
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
128 chips
RF200 - 296
RF200 v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott Baxter
August, 2007
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC4 Voice
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC4 Voice
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC4 Voice
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
Code#
Code#
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
23
30
Code#
76.8
ksps
7
14
15
76.8
ksps
27
22
7
14
11
6
11
6
19
26
3
10
3
10
13
2
29
18
5
12
13
2
9
4
21
28
153,600
sps
8
5
12
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
0
25
20
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
9
4
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
Code#
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
17
24
7
6
1
8
3
2
Code#
16
Code# 0
5
1
4
0
Code#
307200
sps
Code#
3
1
2
0
Code#
4 chips
0
16 chips
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
12
10
14
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
76.8
ksps
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
38.4k
21
13
29
19
11
27
23
15
31 Code#
63
31
47
15
55
23
39
7
59
27
43
11
51
19
35
3
61
29
45
13
53
21
37
5
57
25
41
9
49
17
33
1
62
30
46
14
54
22
38
6
58
26
42
10
50
18
34
2
60
28
44
12
52
20
36
4
56
24
40
8
48
16
32
0
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC3 Voice
RC3 Voice
38,400
sps
Code#
F-FCHs 9.6k
????
19,200
sps
RC3 Voice
127
63
95
31
111
47
79
15
119
55
87
23
103
39
71
7
123
59
91
27
107
43
75
11
115
51
83
19
99
35
67
3
125
61
93
29
109
45
77
13
117
53
85
21
101
37
69
5
121
57
89
25
105
41
73
9
113
49
81
18
97
33
65
1
126
62
94
30
110
46
78
14
118
54
86
22
102
38
70
6
122
58
90
26
106
42
74
10
114
50
82
18
98
34
66
2
124
60
92
28
108
44
76
12
116
52
84
20
100
36
68
4
120
56
88
24
104
40
72
8
112
48
80
16
96
32
64
0
QPCH
QPCH
QPCH
TX Div PIlot
128 chips
F-FCHs
F-DCCHs
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Paging
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
19.2k
Sync
Pilot
64 chips
F-FCHs 9.6k
76,800
sps
38.4k
38.4k
25
Code#
38.4k
38.4k
ns
io
38.4k
17
38.4k
38.4k
76.8
ksps
38.4k
30
76.8
ksps
t
na
14
76.8
ksps
38.4k
22
76.8
ksps
38.4k
76.8
ksps
15
38.4k
26
76.8
ksps
153,600
sps
38.4k
10
Code#
11
38.4k
18
38.4k
13
38.4k
28
38.4k
12
307200
sps
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
38.4k
20
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
38.4k
38.4k
24
38.4k
32 chips
38.4k
16
5
F-SCH
153.6 ksps
38.4k
Code# 0
bi
m
Co
Or
Code#
8 chips
Code#
Code#
F-SCH
307.2 ksps
Code#
Code#
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC4 Voice
August, 2007
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC4 Voice
Code#
F-FCHs 9.6k
RC4 Voice
9,600
4,800
2,400
sps
RF200 - 297
1xRTT
1xRTT Data
Data Operation
Operation
August, 2007
RF200 - 298
August, 2007
RF200 - 299
Initialization
Traffic channel
Exists
Service Option
Connected
Control Channel
Exists
Control Channel
exists
Control Hold
(DCCH)
Suspended
T_suspend
T_hold
PPP Terminated
Release Sent!
Service Option
Connected
Control Channel Exists
Have New Data
to send!
Null
Reconnect
August, 2007
Dormant
PPP Terminated
Release Sent!
RF200 - 300
Selector/
Channel
PPP
Svc Cfg (RLP)
Element
PDSN
Home Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
(C)BSC/
Access Manager
PDSN/
Foreign BTS
Agent
R-P Interface
SEL
t1
CE
Dormant
timer
exceeded
PDSN
Home Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
(C)BSC/
Access Manager
August, 2007
F-TRAFFIC
F-FCH
ACTIVE
F-SCH
exit timer:
a few seconds
SCH driven
by traffic
Mobile has
data for
System
PDSN/
Foreign BTS
Agent
R-P Interface
SEL
PAGING
R-TRAFFIC
R-FCH
R-SCH
SCH driven
by traffic
System has
data for
Mobile
Origination
Release
Normal
Internet
VPNs
State
General
Page
DORMANT
Page
Response
R-ACH
t1
intermittent
RF200 - 301
Selector/
Channel
PPP
Svc Cfg (RLP)
Element
PDSN
Home Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
(C)BSC/
Access Manager
Internet
VPNs
PDSN
Home Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
(C)BSC/
Access Manager
Internet
VPNs
PDSN
Home Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
(C)BSC/
Access Manager
Internet
VPNs
PDSN
Home Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
(C)BSC/
Access Manager
August, 2007
PDSN/
Foreign BTS
Agent
R-P Interface
SEL
t1
CE
PDSN/
Foreign BTS
Agent
R-P Interface
SEL
t1
State
F-TRAFFIC
F-FCH
ACTIVE
F-SCH
exit timer:
a few seconds
SCH driven
by traffic
F-TRAFFIC
F-DCCH
t1
PAGING
R-P Interface
SEL
SUSPENDED
(Optional State)
exit timer: a few seconds
between data bursts
CE
PDSN/
Foreign BTS
Agent
R-TRAFFIC
R-DCCH
intermittent
R-P Interface
SEL
R-SCH
SCH driven
by traffic
(Optional State)
CE
PDSN/
Foreign BTS
Agent
CONTROL
HOLD
R-TRAFFIC
R-FCH
PAGING
R-EACH
R-CCCH
intermittent
DORMANT
R-EACH
R-CCCH
t1
intermittent
RF200 - 302
ACCESS CHANNEL
ORIGINATION MESSAGE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
PROBE INFORMATION
EXTENDED CHANNEL
ASSIGNMENT MSG
FORWARD TRAFFIC CHANNEL
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
STATUS REQUEST
MESSAGE
SERVICE CONNECT
MESSAGE
August, 2007
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
STATUS RESPONSE
MESSAGE
SERVICE CONNECT
COMPLETE MESSAGE
RF200 - 303
22:17:59.282 QcpCdmaLogMsgAccessChan
MSG_LENGTH: 43 octets PD: P_REV_IN_USE >= 6
MSG_ID: Origination Message LAC_LENGTH: 17 octets
ACK_SEQ: 7 MSG_SEQ: 7 ACK_REQ: 1 VALID_ACK: 0 ACK_TYPE: 0
MSID_TYPE: IMSI and ESN MSID_LEN: 9 octets
ESN: D:25405233216 H:FE4FDA40 IMSI_CLASS: 0
IMSI_CLASS_0_TYPE: IMSI_S included RESERVED: 0
IMSI_S: 5402304897 AUTH_MODE: 1 AUTHU: 147354 RANDC: 120
COUNT: 0 LAC_PADDING: 0 ACTIVE_PILOT_STRENGTH: -4.50 dB
FIRST_IS_ACTIVE: Yes FIRST_IS_PTA: No NUM_ADD_PILOTS: 1
PILOT_PN_PHASE: PN:216 + 0 chips
PILOT_STRENGTH: -14.50 dB ACCESS_HO_EN: No
ACCESS_ATTEMPTED: No MOB_TERM: Yes
SLOT_CYCLE_INDEX: 2.56 MOB_P_REV: IS-2000 Revision 0
SCM: Band Class 0, Dual Mode, Slotted, Continuous, Class III
REQUEST_MODE: CDMA Only SPECIAL_SERVICE: Yes
SERVICE_OPTION: Standard: 144kbps PacketData, Internet or ISO Protocol
PM: Yes DIGIT_MODE: 4-bit DTMF Codes MORE_FIELDS: No NUM_FIELDS: 4
CHARi: # 7 7 7 NAR_AN_CAP: No
PACA_REORIG: User Directed Origination RETURN_CAUSE: Normal Access
MORE_RECORDS: No ENCRYPTION_SUPPORTED: Basic Encryption Supported
PACA_SUPPORTED: No NUM_ALT_SO: 0 DRS: Yes UZID_INCL: No
CH_IND: Fundamental Channel SR_ID: 1 OTD_SUPPORTED: No
QPCH_SUPPORTED: Yes ENHANCED_RC: Yes
FOR_RC_PREF: 3 REV_RC_PREF: 3 FCH_SUPPORTED: Yes
FCH_FRAME_SIZE: Supports only 20 ms Frame Sizes
FOR_FCH_LEN: 2 RC1: Yes RC2: Yes RC3: Yes RC4: Yes RC5: Yes RC6: No
REV_FCH_LEN: 2 RC1: Yes RC2: Yes RC3: Yes RC4: Yes RC5: No RC6: No
DCCH_SUPPORTED: No GEO_LOC_INCL: No REV_FCH_GATING_REQ: Yes RESERVED: 0
22:17:59.551 Access Probe Info
Access Probe Sequence Number: 1 Access Probe Number: 1 Access Channel Number: 0
PN Randomization delay: 0 Sequence Backoff: 0 Probe Backoff: 0
Persistence Tests Performed: 1 Rx Power: -77.9 Tx Power (Est): 4.9 Tx Gain Adjust: 0
August, 2007
RF200 - 304
22:17:59.942 QcpCdmaLogMsgPagingChan
MSG_LENGTH: 29 octets PD: P_REV_IN_USE < 6
MSG_TYPE: Extended Channel Assignment Message
ACK_SEQ: 7 MSG_SEQ: 1 ACK_REQ: No VALID_ACK: Yes
ADDR_TYPE: ESN ADDR_LEN: 4 octets ESN: D:25405233216 H:FE4FDA40
RESERVED_1: 0 ADD_RECORD_LEN: 15 octets
ASSIGN_MODE: Extended Traffic Channel Assignment
RESERVED_2: 0 FREQ_INCL: Yes BAND_CLASS: 800 MHz Cellular Band
CDMA_FREQ: 384 BYPASS_ALERT_ANSWER: Yes
GRANTED_MODE: MS use Service Configuration of default Multiplex Option and
Transmission Rates
DEFAULT_CONFIG: Reserved FOR_RC: RC 3 REV_RC: RC 3
FRAME_OFFSET: 7.50 ms ENCRYPT_MODE: Encryption Disabled
FPC_SUBCHAN_GAIN: 0.0 dB RLGAIN_ADJ: 0 dB NUM_PILOTS: 0 Pilots
CH_IND: Fundamental Channel CH_RECORD_LEN: 7 octets
FPC_FCH_INIT_SETPT: 7.000 dB FPC_FCH_FER: 0.5% - 10% (in units of 0.5%)
FPC_FCH_MIN_SETPT: 3.000 dB FPC_FCH_MAX_SETPT: 8.000 dB
PILOT_PN: 44 ADD_PILOT_REC_INCL: No PWR_COMB_IND: No
CODE_CHAN_FCH: 33 QOF_MASK_ID_FCH: 0 3X_FCH_INFO_INCL: No
REV_FCH_GATING_MODE: No 3XFL_1XRL_INCL: No RESERVED: 0
August, 2007
22:18:00.491 QcpCdmaLogMsgForTrafChan
MSG_LENGTH: 8 octets
MSG_TYPE: Order Message
ACK_SEQ: 7 MSG_SEQ: 0 ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
USE_TIME: No ACTION_TIME: 0 ms
ORDER: Base Station Acknowledgement Order
ADD_RECORD_LEN: 0 octets RESERVED: 0
22:18:00.509 QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
MSG_LENGTH: 10 octets
MSG_TYPE: Pilot Strength Measurement Message
ACK_SEQ: 0 MSG_SEQ: 0 ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
REF_PN: 44 PILOT_STRENGTH: -5.50 dB KEEP: Yes
PILOT_PN_PHASE: PN:216 + 0 chips
PILOT_STRENGTH: -7.00 dB KEEP: Yes
RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 306
Capability Information
RECORD_TYPE: Reserved
August, 2007
22:18:00.875 QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
MSG_LENGTH: 44 octets MSG_TYPE: Status Response Message
ACK_SEQ: 0 MSG_SEQ: 0 ACK_REQ: No ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
QUAL_INFO_TYPE: None QUAL_INFO_LEN: 0 octets
RECORD_TYPE: Extended Multiplex Option Information
RECORD_LEN: 24 octets NUM_MO_FOR_FCH: 2 MO_FOR_FCH: 1
RS1_9600_FOR: RS1_4800_FOR: RS1_2400_FOR: RS1_1200_FOR:
MO_FOR_FCH: 2
RS2_14400_FOR: RS2_7200_FOR: RS2_3600_FOR: RS2_1800_FOR:
RESERVED: 0 NUM_MO_REV_FCH: 2 MO_REV_FCH: 1
RS1_9600_REV: RS1_4800_REV: RS1_2400_REV: RS1_1200_REV:
RESERVED: 0 MO_REV_FCH: 2
RS2_14400_REV: RS2_7200_REV: RS2_3600_REV: RS2_1800_REV:
RESERVED: 0 NUM_MO_FOR_DCCH: 0 NUM_MO_REV_DCCH: 0
NUM_MO_FOR_SCH: 2 FOR_SCH_ID: 0 MO_FOR_SCH: 2337
FOR_SCH_ID: 0 MO_FOR_SCH: 2081 NUM_MO_REV_SCH: 2
REV_SCH_ID: 0 MO_REV_SCH: 2321 REV_SCH_ID: 0 MO_REV_SCH: 2065
RESERVED: 0
RECORD_TYPE: Channel Configuration Capability Information
RECORD_LEN: 9 octets OTD_SUPPORTED: No FCH_SUPPORTED: Yes
FCH_FRAME_SIZE: Supports only 20 ms Frame Sizes
FOR_FCH_LEN: 2 RC1: Yes RC2: Yes RC3: Yes RC4: Yes RC5: Yes RC6: No
REV_FCH_LEN: 2 RC1: Yes RC2: Yes RC3: Yes RC4: Yes RC5: No RC6: No
DCCH_SUPPORTED: No FOR_SCH_SUPPORTED: Yes FOR_SCH_LEN: 2
RC1: No RC2: No RC3: Yes RC4: Yes RC5: No RC6: No
FOR_SCH_NUM: 1 FOR_TURBO_SUPPORTED: No
FOR_CONV_SUPPORTED: Yes
FOR_MAX_CONV_BLOCK_SIZE: Rate Set 1: 3048, Rate Set 2: 4584
FOR_FRAME_40_SUPPORTED: No FOR_FRAME_80_SUPPORTED: No
FOR_MAX_RATE: 9.6 kbps or 14.4 kbps REV_SCH_SUPPORTED: Yes
REV_SCH_LEN: 1 RC1: No RC2: No RC3: Yes REV_SCH_NUM: 1
REV_TURBO_SUPPORTED: No REV_CONV_SUPPORTED: Yes
REV_MAX_CONV_BLOCK_SIZE: Rate Set 1: 3048, Rate Set 2: 4584
REV_FRAME_40_SUPPORTED: No REV_FRAME_80_SUPPORTED: No
REV_MAX_RATE: 9.6 kbps or 14.4 kbps STS_SUPPORTED: No
3X_CCH_SUPPORTED: No RESERVED: 0 RESERVED: 0
RF200 - 307
22:18:01.118 QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
MSG_LENGTH: 6 octets
MSG_TYPE: Service Connect Completion Message
ACK_SEQ: 1 MSG_SEQ: 2 ACK_REQ: Yes
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled RESERVED: 0
SERV_CON_SEQ: 0 RESERVED: 0
August, 2007
RF200 - 308
SYNC CHANNEL
SYNC CHANNEL MESSAGE
PAGING CHANNEL
August, 2007
RF200 - 309
ACCESS CHANNEL
PROBE INFORMATION
CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT
MESSAGE
FORWARD FUNDAMENTAL
TRAFFIC CHANNEL
REVERSE FUNDAMENTAL
TRAFFIC CHANNEL
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
STATUS REQUEST
MESSAGE
SERVICE CONNECT
MESSAGE
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
STATUS RESPONSE
MESSAGE
SERVICE CONNECT
COMPLETE MESSAGE
August, 2007
RF200 - 310
ACCESS CHANNEL
ORIGINATION MESSAGE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
PROBE INFORMATION
CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT
MESSAGE
FORWARD FUNDAMENTAL
CHANNEL
REVERSE FUNDAMENTAL
CHANNEL
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
LAYER 2 HANDSHAKE
BASE STATION
ACK. ORDER
STATUS REQUEST
MESSAGE
SERVICE CONNECT
MESSAGE
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
STATUS RESPONSE
MESSAGE
SERVICE CONNECT
COMPLETE MESSAGE
August, 2007
RF200 - 311
PDSN/Foreign Agent
FCH +
R-P
Interface
Buffer
SCH?
My F-SCH
Data Rate
BTS
CE
PCF SEL
t1
(C)BSC/Access Manager
BTSC
Wireless
Mobile Device
RF200 - 312
REVERSE FUNDAMENTAL
TRAFFIC CHANNEL
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
FORWARD
SUPPLEMENTAL
CHANNEL
DATA BURST
August, 2007
RF200 - 313
PN 168
BTS
W2
F-SCH
W23
F-FCH
Mobile: Watch
Walsh Code 2
Starting in 320 ms
For 1000 ms.
Supplemental
Channel Burst
ESCAM
Supplemental
Channel Burst
ESCAM
W1
PAGING KGKSAKKNKGGKSKPG
NSASPPCKGKSAKGKSAKKNKGGKSKPG
NSASPPCKGKSAKGKSAKKNKGGKSKPG
NSASPPCK
W32
SYNC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
W0
PILOT
TIME
ACCESS CHANNEL
R-FCH
August, 2007
RF200 - 314
Assignment Message
August, 2007
RF200 - 315
REVERSE FUNDAMENTAL
TRAFFIC CHANNEL
EXTENDED SUPPL. CHAN.
REQUEST MSG.
MOBILE STATION
ACK. ORDER
REVERSE
SUPPLEMENTAL
CHANNEL
DATA BURST
August, 2007
RF200 - 316
W23
PN 168
BTS
Mobile: Send
Walsh Code 1
Starting in 320 ms
For 1000 ms.
ESCAM
F-FCH
ESCAM
W1
PAGING KGKSAKKNKGGKSKPG
NSASPPCKGKSAKGKSAKKNKGGKSKPG
NSASPPCKGKSAKGKSAKKNKGGKSKPG
NSASPPCK
W32
SYNC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
W0
PILOT
TIME
ACCESS CHANNEL
R-FCH
SCRM
SCRM
Supplemental
Channel Burst
R-SCH
System: I need to
Send you the
Following blocks:
August, 2007
Supplemental
Channel Burst
System: I need to
Send you the
Following blocks:
RF200 - 317
Assignment Message
August, 2007
22:31:47.102 QcpCdmaLogMsgRevTrafChan
MSG_LENGTH: 17 octets
MSG_TYPE: Supplemental Channel Request Message
ACK_SEQ: 7 MSG_SEQ: 4 ACK_REQ: No
ENCRYPTION: Encryption Disabled
SIZE_OF_REQ_BLOB: 3 bytes
REQ_BLOB: 228
REQ_BLOB: 39
REQ_BLOB: 255
USE_SCRM_SEQ_NUM: No
REF_PN: 132 PILOT_STRENGTH: -3.00 dB NUM_ACT_PN: 2
ACT_PN_PHASE: PN:304 + 0 chips ACT_PILOT_STRENGTH: -14.50 dB
ACT_PN_PHASE: PN:372 + 22 chips ACT_PILOT_STRENGTH: -21.00 dB
NUM_NGHBR_PN: 0
REF_PILOT_REC_INCL: No PILOT_REC_INCL: No PILOT_REC_INCL: No
RF200 - 318
August, 2007
RF200 - 319
IP/VPN
AAA
PSTN
t1
SW
BSC R-P
t1
v SEL
Backbone
IP/VPN
PDSN HA
BTS
t1
AAA
PSTN
CE
USER
t1
SW
PDSN
FA
BSC R-P
t1
v SEL
BTS
t1
CE
USER
Q In Simple IP, a single PDSN manages the users connection to the outside
IP/VPN world
Q In Mobile IP, two PDSNs are used.
One is the Home Agent PDSN, providing a non-changing point of
connection to the outside world IP/VPN.
The other is the Foreign Agent PDSN, connected to the BSC of the
mobiles current system.
The FA PDSN establishes a tunnel with the HA PDSN for forwarding
the mobiles packets
Q If the mobile hands into a different system, the new systems FA PDSN
will establish its own tunnel to the HA PDSN, allowing the mobiles
session to continue.
August, 2007
RF200 - 320
1x
L3
Sig
IS95
L2
Sig
1x
L2
Sig
Other Pkt
L2 Data
Sig
L2
Inst 3
L3 Sig
Inst 2
User Pkts
SRBP
SRLP
Null
L2
Ckt
Data
L2
Inst 1
Voc Bits
RBP
RLP
PLDCF
MUX/QOS PLDCF PLICF LAC
IS95
L3
Sig
APPL
SYSTEM
IS95
L3
Sig
1x
L3
Sig
IS95
L2
Sig
1x
L2
Sig
Other Pkt
L2 Data
Sig
L2
Inst 3
L3 Sig
SRBP
Inst 2
User Pkts
SRLP
Null
L2
Ckt
Data
L2
Inst 1
Voc Bits
RBP
RLP
Frames
August, 2007
RF200 - 321
Applications
HL
Protocols
HTTP
CDMA
Upper Layers
TCP
UDP
TCP
UDP
IP
IP
PPP
MAC
MAC
CDMA
PL
CDMA
PL
Mobile
Station
R-P
R-P
PL
PL
AN
LAC
AN
LAC
Link
Layer
PL
Gateway Routers
PPP
IP
Link
Layer
PL
End Host
(Internet,
RAN
intranet)
Logical (software) connections established
PDSN
HA
August, 2007
RF200 - 322
Applications
UL
Protocols
(HTTP)
CDMA U.L.
TCP
UDP
TCP
UDP
PPP
PPP
LAC
MAC
CDMA
PL
CDMA
PL
Mobile
Station
R-P
R-P
PL
PL
AN
MAC
RAN
AN
LAC
IP
Link
Layer
PL
Gateway Routers
IP
IP
Link Link
Layer Layer
PL
PDSN
PL
HA
Gateway Routers
IP
Link
Layer
PL
End Host
(Internet,
intranet)
August, 2007
RF200 - 323
Mobile
IP
UDP
Mobile IP
Mobile
IP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
IP
PPP
PPP
LAC
LAC
MAC
MAC
CDMA
PL
CDMA
PL
Mobile
Station
R-P
R-P
PL
PL
RAN
Link
Layer
Link
Layer
PL
PL
PDSN
HA
August, 2007
RF200 - 324
August, 2007
RF200 - 325
August, 2007
RF200 - 326
August, 2007
RF200 - 327
August, 2007
RF200 - 328
RF200 - 329
August, 2007
RF200 - 330
RF200 - 331
Course RF200
CDMA2000
CDMA2000 1xRTT
1xRTT Data
Data
System
System Performance
Performance Optimization
Optimization
August, 2007
RF200 - 332
PDSN
Home Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
CDMA RF Environment
R-P Interface
BTS
PSTN
t1
t1
Switch
SEL
t1
CE
(C)BSC/Access Manager
Traditional Telephony
Coverage Holes
Pilot Pollution
Missing Neighbors
Fwd Pwr Ovld
Rev Pwr Ovld
Search Windows
Wireless
Island Cells
Mobile Device
Slow Handoff
RF200 - 333
IP Data Environment
Internet
VPNs
PDSN/Foreign Agent
Optimization Issues
Q Network Design and Configuration
Coverage holes, excessive coverage overlap
Q Call Processing Problems due to Misconfiguration
Neighbor Lists
Search Windows
Power control parameters
Q Physical Problems/Hardware Problems
Mismatched multicarrier sector coverage
Q Capacity Issues
Forward and Reverse Power Control Overload
Physical resource congestion
Channel elements, packet pipes
IP network congestion
Q Managing A New Dimension: circuit-switched and IP traffic blend
QoS-related competitive issues
August, 2007
RF200 - 334
August, 2007
RF200 - 335
Q Both voice and data traffic loads a sector, driving up transmit power
Voice calls are typically given higher priority than data
MAC-layer throttling holds lower-priority data sessions off until there is
enough free power available
August, 2007
RF200 - 336
PDSN
Home Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
CDMA RF Environment
R-P Interface
BTS
PSTN
t1
t1
Switch
SEL
t1
CE
(C)BSC/Access Manager
Traditional Telephony
Coverage Holes
Pilot Pollution
Missing Neighbors
Fwd Pwr Ovld
Rev Pwr Ovld
Search Windows
Wireless
Island Cells
Mobile Device
Slow Handoff
RF200 - 337
IP Data Environment
Internet
VPNs
PDSN/Foreign Agent
PDSN
Home Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
CDMA RF Environment
R-P Interface
BTS
PSTN
t1
t1
Switch
SEL
t1
CE
(C)BSC/Access Manager
Traditional Telephony
Coverage Holes
Pilot Pollution
Missing Neighbors
Fwd Pwr Ovld
Rev Pwr Ovld
Search Windows
Wireless
Island Cells
Mobile Device
Slow Handoff
August, 2007
RF200 - 338
IP Data Environment
Internet
VPNs
PDSN/Foreign Agent
Course RF200
System-Side
System-Side 1xRTT
1xRTT Tools
Tools
August, 2007
RF200 - 339
RF200 - 340
August, 2007
RF200 - 341
August,RF200
2007v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott BaxterTechnical Introduction to Wireless -- 1997 Scott Baxter - V0.0
342
RF200 - 343
CDMA Status
PN Scanner Data
Current Data Task Status
Layer-3 Messages
August,RF200
2007v5.9 (c) 2007 Scott BaxterTechnical Introduction to Wireless -- 1997 Scott Baxter - V0.0
344
Course RF200
Data
Data Flow
Flow Management:
Management:
MAC/LAC
MAC/LAC Layer
Layer Operation
Operation
August, 2007
RF200 - 345
PDSN/Foreign Agent
FCH +
R-P
Interface
Buffer
SCH?
My F-SCH
Data Rate
BTS
CE
PCF SEL
t1
(C)BSC/Access Manager
BTSC
Wireless
Mobile Device
RF200 - 346
Data volume
in buffer low,
SCH released.
Data flow
continues on
FCH until
complete.
153.6
76.8
Active
timer
runs out!
FCH drops.
Session is
dormant.
38.4
19.2
9.6
Act
Susp
Init
CHld
Dorm
Null
Rcon
Data volume
in buffer low,
SCH released.
Data flow
continues on
FCH until
complete.
No data,
FCH idle,
1200 bps
Mobile
ends
session.
TA
1.2
0
STATE
Session begins.
No data, FCH
idle, 1200 bps
Data in PDSN
buffer. Data
flow begins
on FCH
August, 2007
FCH
idle
1200
bps
No data,
FCH idle,
1200 bps
Data in PDSN
buffer. Data
flow begins
on FCH
QOS algorithm
gives SCH to
another user
briefly. Data
meanwhile
flows on FCH.
No data,
FCH idle,
1200 bps
Data in PDSN
buffer. Data
flow begins
on FCH
Channel Legend:
FundamentalSupplemental
Idle
Data
Data
RF200 - 347
Course RF200
1x
1x Data
Data Tests
Tests and
and Optimization
Optimization
August, 2007
RF200 - 348
So S L O W ! !
IP Data Environment
T
PDSN
Home Agent
PDSN/Foreign Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
CDMA RF Environment
R-P Interface
BTS
PSTN
t1
Switch
t1
v SEL
t1
(C)BSC/Access Manager
Traditional Telephony
CE
IP Data Environment
Internet
VPNs
Wheres My Data?!!
Coverage Holes
Pilot Pollution
Missing Neighbors
Fwd Pwr Ovld
Rev Pwr Ovld
Search Windows
Wireless
Island Cells
Mobile Device
Slow Handoff
RF200 - 349
Internet
VPNs
PDSN
Home Agent
Test
Server
PDSN/Foreign Agent
Backbone
Network
SECURE TUNNELS
Authentication
Authorization
Accounting
AAA
CDMA RF Environment
R-P Interface
BTS
PSTN
t1
Switch
t1
v SEL
t1
(C)BSC/Access Manager
Traditional Telephony
CE
IP Data Environment
Test
Server
Coverage Holes
Pilot Pollution
Missing Neighbors
Fwd Pwr Ovld
Rev Pwr Ovld
Search Windows
Wireless
Island Cells
Mobile Device
Slow Handoff
RF200 - 350
Application
Description
Purpose
Raw Upload
Raw Download
Raw Loopback
Ping does not use the TCP protocol, but rather uses the
connectionless and unreliable ICMP protocol. Sends
small echo request packets to a remote server, which
responds with an echo reply.
FTP GET
FTP PUT
HTTP GET
HTTP POST
Wait
August, 2007
RF200 - 351
Course RF200
Protocol-Layer-Specific
Protocol-Layer-Specific Data
Data
August, 2007
RF200 - 352
RF200 - 353
August, 2007
RF200 - 354
Send Connect
Request
Connect
Response
Received?
Transfer Data
(Application-Specific)
Timeout?
Application
throughput amount
and timing begins
and ends within
this block
Send Terminate
Request
Terminate
Response
Received?
Timeout?
Finish
Task Timing Ends Here
August, 2007
RF200 - 355
Applied
Applied Optimization
Optimization
August, 2007
RF200 - 356
Getting these items into shape provides a solid baseline and foundation from
which future performance issues can be addressed.
August, 2007
RF200 - 357
RF200 - 358
RF200 - 359
RF200 - 360
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Access
Access Failures
Failures
August, 2007
RF200 - 361
ACCESS
MS
Probing
BTS
PAGING Base Sta. Acknlgmt. Order
FW TFC TFC frames of 000s
PAGING
FW FC
FW TFC
Call is Established!
RF200 - 362
RV TFC
RF200 - 363
Paging Channel
Access Channel
Origination Msg.
Probe #1
Troubleshooting Comments
If the mobile does not hear acknowledgment from
the BTS within ACC_TMO, this could mean either:
The BTS did not hear the mobile
Maybe the mobile collided with another
mobile transmitting at the same time
Maybe mobile was too weak to overcome
the existing reverse noise level at the BTS
In either case another probe should solve
the problem, provided PI is set reasonably
and additional probes are allowed (check the
Access Parameters Message to see if
Num_Step and the power parameters make
sense; be sure also the cell size or Access
Channel acquisition search width is set large
enough and the number of access preamble
frames is large enough for the cell size)
The BTS is acknowledging but the mobile cannot
hear the acknowledgment
If the mobile cant hear the BTS
acknowledging, Ec/Io is likely quite poor. If
so, check whether this is due to weak signal
(poor coverage) or pilot pollution (lots of
pilots all weak but no dominant server)
Collect system logs if necessary to determine
definitely whether the system heard the mobiles
origination or not
August, 2007
RF200 - 364
Paging Channel
Access Channel
August, 2007
Troubleshooting Comments
If this problem happens frequently, the BTS traffic
overload must be relieved. Here are some steps to
try:
Investigate BTS TX hardware to ensure everything
is working correctly and properly calibrated,
particularly gain settings in the TX chain
To free up more forward power for traffic channels,
try:
Reduce PTXstart (initial traffic channel
DGU) watching for less forward power
control overloads. If you go too far, you will
notice access failures increase.
Reduce PTXmax (maximum traffic channel
DGU) watching for less forward power
control overloads. If you go too far, dropped
calls will increase.
Reduce sector traffic by reorienting the sectors to
more closely balance the load carried by each
Or, add another carrier
Or split cells
RF200 - 365
Paging Channel
Access Channel
Base Station
Acknowledgment
Channel Assignment
Message
August, 2007
Troubleshooting Comments
RF200 - 366
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000000000
Troubleshooting Comments
The mobile listens to the Walsh Code # given in the
Channel Assignment Message. It should hear N5M
good frames full of all zeroes within T2M seconds
(usually 2 frames in 10 frames).
If the mobile does not hear the required number of
good empty frames, it will beep and give an error
message, then reacquire the system.
If the mobile hears the required number of good
empty frames, it starts transmitting its own
Reverse Traffic Channel Preamble of empty allzero frames.
If the BTS does NOT hear the mobiles access
preamble within a prescribed delay, it will abort the
process and release all the resources, and the
mobile will reacquire the system. . This is what
Lucent terms a Traffic Channel Confirmation
Failure (TCCF).
Base Station
Acknowledgment
Mobile Station
Acknowledgment
August, 2007
RF200 - 367
Service Connect
Complete Message
This is still just an ongoing access attempt
Base Station
Acknowledgment
Now this is officially a call in progress
Troubleshooting Comments
Now that the BTS and mobile see each other on
the traffic channels, the next step is service
negotiation.
The BTS sends a Service Connect message listing
the type and rate set of the vocoder or other
primary traffic source.
The mobile either accepts the proposal with a
Service Connect Complete message, or
counterproposes a different mode.
August, 2007
RF200 - 368
No,
Nothing
Yes,
Reorder
Blocking
Paging Channel
faded, lost
August, 2007
yes
no
no
Check System Logs.
CH EL initialized OK?
yes
no
Forward Power
Channel Elements
Rev. Link Noise
Add coverage
Identify, eliminate
Is T-1unstable/blocking?
Report/repair
Num_Step, Pwr_Step
appropriate?
Ensure reasonable
values
Ensure reasonable
values for cell size
System Problem.
Investigate why
no
Software problem
Resource blocking
no
no
F-TFC Channel
faded, lost
Raise DGU
Improve coverage
Identify, eliminate
Report/repair
R-TFC Channel
faded, lost
Improve coverage
Identify, eliminate
Report/repair
RF200 - 369
RF200 - 370
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Dropped
Dropped Calls
Calls
August, 2007
RF200 - 371
yes
OK, normal
end of call
This is a drop!
no
Add PN to Neighbor List!
Widen SRCH_WIN_N!
no
yes
Repair/Re-initialize Cell!
yes
Check
for:
yes
Improve coverage
Identify, eliminate
Is T-1unstable/blocking?
Report/repair
Is PN in neighbor list?
yes
Add coverage
Push earlier
Is SRCH_WIN_N adequate?
yes
Debug, reconfigure
Forward Power
Channel Elements
Rev. Link Noise
Blocking
Is T-1unstable/blocking?
Is T-1unstable/blocking?
Report/repair
August, 2007
RF200 - 372
FFER
RXL
100%
-30
EC/IO
TxGa
TxPo
+23
+25
-6
+10
-10
-20
-10
-30
+10
-40
0
-10
50%
10%
5%
2%
0%
FFER
-90
-100
-110
RXL
-15
-40
-20
EC/IO
-50
-25
-20
TxGa
TxPo
Messaging
BTS
FWD. INTERFERENCE
FFER
RXL
100%
-30
EC/IO
TxGa
TxPo
+23
+25
-6
+10
-10
-20
-10
-30
-40
+10
0
-10
50%
10%
5%
2%
0%
FFER
-15
-40
-20
-20
EC/IO
-50
-25
TxGa
TxPo
Messaging
REV. INTERFERENCE
FFER
RXL
100%
-30
EC/IO
TxGa
TxPo
+23
+25
-6
+10
-10
-20
-10
-30
+10
-40
0
-10
50%
10%
5%
2%
0%
BTS
RXL
BTS
FFER
August, 2007
-90
-100
-110
-90
-100
-110
RXL
-15
-40
-20
-20
EC/IO
-50
-25
TxGa
TxPo
Messaging
RF200 - 373
August, 2007
SITUATION 1
A
BTS
12
80 mile
Ch s
ips
Locked to distant
mo site, cant see
un one nearby
tai
ns
B
BTS
SRCH_WIN_N = 130
BTS A is reference.
1 mi.
BTS B appears (7-80) chips
7 Chips
early due to its closer distance.
vel
This is outside the 65-chip window.Tra
Mobile cant see BTS Bs pilot, but its
strong signal blinds us and the call drops.
SITUATION 2
A
Locked to nearby
mo site, cant see
un distant one
tai
ns
B
12
80 mile
Ch s
ips
SRCH_WIN_N = 130
BTS
BTS B is reference.
1 mi.
BTS A appears (80-7) chips
7 Chips
late due to its farther distance.
l
This is outside the 65-chip window. Trave
Mobile cant see BTS As pilot.
BTS
RF200 - 374
PROPAGATION DELAY
SKEWS APPARENT PN OFFSETS
33
4
Chips
Chips
A
BTS
B
BTS
If the phone is locked to BTS A, the
signal from BTS B will seem 29 chips
earlier than expected.
If the phone is locked to BTS B, the
signal from BTS A will seem 29 chips
later than expected.
RF200 - 375
WINDOW SIZE
IN CHIPS AND DATA UNITS
Active+Cand
Neighbor
Remaining
Datafill
Value
Window
Size (Chips)
14 (7)
20 (10)
28 (14)
40 (20)
60 (30)
80 (40)
10
100 (50)
Q Actives & candidates have the biggest influence.
11
130 (65)
Keep window size as small as possible
During soft handoff, this set dominates searcher
12
160 (80)
Minimize excessive Soft HO!
13
226 (113)
Q Neighbor set is second-most-important
14
320 (160)
Keep window size as small as possible
15
452 (226)
Keep neighbor list as small as possible
But dont miss any important neighbors!
Q Remaining Set: pay your dues, but get no reward
You must spend time checking them, but the system cant assign one to you
August, 2007
RF200 - 376
August, 2007
RF200 - 377
August, 2007
B
Sync Channel Message
p_rev 1, bit_len: 170
min_p_rev 1
sid 4139 nid 41
pilot_pn 0x164 = 356 ( RMCZ )
lc_state 1ED595B9632
sys_time 189406BE8
lp_sec 13
ltm_off 0x10 (8.0 hours)
daylt 0 prat 1
cdma_freq 50
RF200 - 378
August, 2007
BTS
RF200 - 379
RF200 - 380
100%
Typical Handoff
Setup Time
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time (milliseconds)
August, 2007
RF200 - 381
August, 2007
RF200 - 382
August, 2007
RF200 - 383
August, 2007
RF200 - 384
Controlling soft handoff percentage with T_ADD and T_DROP is like limiting
allowed hospital days for various illnesses. Works, but some patients may drop.
August, 2007
RF200 - 385
Dangerous Environments
Q The CDMA handset is designed with a digital rake receiver including
three correlators (fingers) which can demodulate signals from up to three
sectors simultaneously, combining and using the energy from all three to
improve reception. Implications:
If One dominant signal: this is a good situation; the three fingers will
be looking for resolvable multipath components; good diversity
If Two usable signals: good situation; soft handoff & diversity
If Three usable signals: good situation; soft handoff & diversity
If Four roughly equal signals: workable but not ideal. Three best
signals are demodulated; other remains an interferor. 3 vs 1
If Five roughly equal signals: probably workable but not good. Three
best are demodulated; remaining two are interferors. 3 vs 2
If Six roughly equal signals: very frightening. Three best signals are
demodulated; three remaining signals are interferors. 3 vs 3
Q The system can provide up to 6-way soft handoff, but anything above
three-way is an indication that there is too much RF coverage overlap.
More than three-way soft handoff should be the notable exception rather
than the rule.
August, 2007
RF200 - 386
August, 2007
RF200 - 387
August, 2007
RF200 - 388
-10 dB
-20 dB
Time, Seconds
August, 2007
RF200 - 389
RF200 Appendix I
Case
Case Study:
Study:
Sudden
Sudden Heavy
Heavy Sector
Sector Loading
Loading
August, 2007
RF200 - 390
August, 2007
RF200 - 391
208
204
212
BTS
from RFCAD
Looking northwest
from IQAnalyzer
August, 2007
RF200 - 392
What to Expect:
Loading Effects on the Forward Link
August, 2007
Ec/Io = (2/4)
= 50%
= -3 db.
BTS
Transmit
Power
Paging
Sync
Pilot
Heavily Loaded
Ec/Io = (2/10)
= 20%
= -7 db.
1.5w
0.5w
2w
EC
I0
BTS
Transmit
Power
Traffic Channels
Paging
Sync
Pilot
6w
I0
1.5w
0.5w
2w
EC
RF200 - 393
What to Expect:
Loading Effects on the Reverse Link
BTS
Receive
Power
Mobile
Thermal
Noise
Other
Mobiles
Thermal
Noise
RF200 - 394
August, 2007
Paging
Sync
Pilot
1.5w
0.5w
2w
EC
I0
Heavily Loaded
Traffic Channels
Paging
Sync
Pilot
6w
I0
1.5w
0.5w
2w
EC
RF200 - 395
A Sudden Change!!
25+ Mobiles
Calls begin
August, 2007
All Phones
in Idle Mode
RF200 - 396
Average
-70.5 dbm
With max users
Average
-76.5 dbm
With one user
August, 2007
RF200 - 397
Average
-3.6 db
With one user
Average
-6.8 db
With max users
Since the additional calls
increase the total power
output of the sector, but the
pilot power remains fixed,
the Ec/Io at the test mobile
decreases in proportion.
August, 2007
RF200 - 398
Average
-16 db
With only this
User active
Since the additional calls
increase the noise level at
the BTS receiver, the BTS
must ask the test mobile to
increase its transmit power
output to keep up with the
crowd.
August, 2007
Average
-6 db
while max users
active
About 6 db of this increase is
necessary to counteract the
mobiles own open-loop instinct
to power down due to
increased BTS power.
The rest is needed to keep the
mobiles signal competitive at
the BTS.
RF200 - 399
Average
-16 dbm
With this user only
August, 2007
Average
-10 dbm
While max users
active
Why does all this data bounce
around so much?
1. Random motion of users
2. Rayleigh fading
3. Users varying vocoder rates
4. Interference from elsewhere
RF200 - 400
Date
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
11/3/98
Totals for
Start
MOU
MOU
MOU
MOU
Time
End Time MOU CE Traffic
CE/User Alpha
Beta
Gamma %SHO
Max TCE
7:00:00
7:30:00
256.73
130.11
1.97
37.2
58.52
34.38
49.32
23
8:00:00
8:30:00
265.42
145.49
1.82
45.22
62.49
37.78
45.18
17
8:30:00
9:00:00
342.7
186.94
1.83
52.01
90.66
44.28
45.45
18
9:00:00
9:30:00
317.5
172.02
1.85
43.67
79.94
48.4
45.82
21
9:30:00 10:00:00
408.81
245.55
1.66
78.35
92.33
74.87
39.93
22
10:00:00 10:30:00
288.33
138.41
2.08
46.61
60.9
30.91
52
16
10:30:00 11:00:00
334.61
195.06
1.72
59.71
81.78
53.58
41.71
22
10:30:00 11:00:00
289.53
161.27
1.8
60.04
60.48
40.75
44.3
18
11:00:00 11:30:00
366.75
210.19
1.74
70.51
91.65
48.03
42.69
21
12:00:00 12:30:00
299.25
156.26
1.92
53.34
63.01
39.91
47.78
18
12:00:00 12:30:00
343.03
196.39
1.75
60.06
83.54
52.79
42.75
22
13:00:00 13:30:00
327.2
225.23
1.45
71.01
78.72
75.51
31.16
31
13:00:00 13:30:00
316.68
168.14
1.88
54.19
68.32
45.62
46.9
18
13:30:00 14:00:00
270.9
163.34
1.66
57.55
55.8
49.99
39.7
18
14:00:00 14:30:00
266.42
137.25
1.94
42.92
48.73
45.6
48.48
17
15:00:00 15:30:00
323.56
193.92
1.67
56.77
79.3
57.85
40.07
20
15:00:00 15:30:00
427.2
269.9
1.58
83.71
100.68
85.52
36.82
23
15:30:00 16:00:00
316.61
191.03
1.66
56.15
82.61
52.27
39.66
21
16:00:00 16:30:00
458.76
274.99
1.67
77.06
123.62
74.31
40.06
23
17:00:00 17:30:00
444.98
244.12
1.82
81.45
94.16
68.51
45.14
24
17:30:00 18:00:00
414.68
233.43
1.78
84.75
86.33
62.35
43.71
24
18:00:00 18:30:00
354.47
180.47
1.96
66.13
74.77
39.57
49.09
19
BTS 196
9783.79 5348.84
1.83 1760.71 2109.54 1478.61
45.33
31
The number of channel elements active on this BTS reaches its highest value
for the day during the 30-minute period of our experiment.
August, 2007
RF200 - 401
Start
Blocks
Blocks
Blocks
SHO Blk SHO Blk SHO Blk Succ
Succ
Start Date Time
End Time No TCE No Fwd
No Rev
No TCE No Fwd
No Rev
Calls
SHO
11/3/98
8:00:00
8:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
66
988
11/3/98
8:30:00
9:00:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
112
934
11/3/98
9:00:00
9:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
126
907
11/3/98
9:30:00 10:00:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
160
1099
11/3/98 10:00:00 10:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
77
853
11/3/98 10:30:00 11:00:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
121
1009
11/3/98 10:30:00 11:00:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
102
924
11/3/98 11:00:00 11:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
132
905
11/3/98 12:00:00 12:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
102
885
11/3/98 12:00:00 12:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
105
852
11/3/98 13:00:00 13:30:00
0
20
0
0
0
0
172
1018
11/3/98 13:00:00 13:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
97
913
11/3/98 13:30:00 14:00:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
117
744
11/3/98 14:00:00 14:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
83
953
11/3/98 15:00:00 15:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
132
924
11/3/98 15:00:00 15:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
149
1103
11/3/98 15:30:00 16:00:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
119
828
11/3/98 16:00:00 16:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
129
1064
11/3/98 17:00:00 17:30:00
0
1
0
0
0
0
128
1044
11/3/98 17:30:00 18:00:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
129
914
11/3/98 18:00:00 18:30:00
0
0
0
0
0
0
96
979
Totals for BTS 196
0
21
0
0
0
0
3140
28102
RF200 - 402
Site
=====
196X
196Y
196Z
Call
Att.
=====
Call
Succ.
=====
55
111
95
%
Total
% Tot
BTS
%BTS
Acc.
%Acc.
Screen
%Scr.
Calls
%
Succ.
Block
Block
Block
Block
Fail
Fail
Calls
Calls
Drop
Drop
=====
=====
=====
=====
=====
=====
=====
=====
=====
=====
=====
54
98.18
1
1.82
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
110
99.1
0
0
0
0
1
0.9
0
0
4
3.64
93
97.89
1
1.05
1
1.05
1
1.05
0
0
0
0
The sector hit by our experiment shows the worst BTS blocks and Access
Failures.
August, 2007
RF200 - 403
RF200 Appendix II
CDMA
CDMA Information
Information Resources
Resources
Bibliography
Bibliography -- Web
Web Links
Links
August, 2007
RF200 - 404
RF200 - 405
More Bibliography,
3G Air Interface Technologies
The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology by
Dr. Jonathan P. Castro, 354 pp. 2001 John Wiley,
ISBN 0 471 81375 3, $120. An excellent, wellorganized, and understandable exploration of UMTS.
Includes radio interface, channel explanations, link
budgets, network architecture, service types, ip
network considerations, a masterful tour de force
through the entire subject area. Very readable, too!
WCDMA for UMTS by Harri Holma and Antti Toskala,
322 pp. 2000 Wiley, ISBN 0 471 72051 8, $60. Very
good overall treatment of UMTS. Excellent
introduction to 3G and summary of standardization
activities, every level of UMTS/UTRA. Good overview
of CDMA-2000, too!
The GSM Network - GPRS Evolution: One Step
Towards UMTS 2nd Edition by Joachim Tisal,
227pp. paperback, 2001 Wiley, ISBN 0 471 49816 5,
$60. Readable but not overwhelming introduction to
GSM in all its aspects (140pp), DECT (11pp), GPRS
(6pp), UMTS (7pp), WAP (25pp), EDGE (10pp).
August, 2007
RF200 - 406
August, 2007
RF200 - 407
RF200 - 408
August, 2007
RF200 - 409
RF200 - 410
RF200 - 411