Arithmetic Progression, AP

Arithmetic Progression (also called arithmetic sequence), is a sequence of numbers such that the difference
between any two consecutive terms is constant. Each term therefore in an arithmetic progression will increase
or decrease at a constant value called the common difference, d.

Derivation of Formulas
Let
d = common difference
a1 = first term
a2 = second term
a3 = third term
...
am = mth term or any term before
...
an = nth term or last term
d = a2 - a1 = a3 - a2 = a4 - a3 and so on.

In similar manner
an
Derivation for

a1
in terms of

d
and

a1 a1
a2 a1 d
a3 a2 d a1 d d a1 2d
a4 a3 d a1 2 d d a1 3d
a5 a4 d a1 3d d a1 4d
.

an 2 an 1 d an d d an 2d
an 3 an 2 d an 2d d an 3d
an 4 an 3 d an 3d d an 4d
.
.
a1 an n 1 d

.
an a1 n 1 d

Sum of Arithmetic Progression, S

an 1 an d

an an

n
2

n
2

a1 an

2a1 n 1 d