Modernization of

Indian Tradition
(A Systemic Study of Social Change)

YOGENDRA SINGH

RAWAT PUBLICATIONS
Jaipur New Delhi Bangalore Mumbai Hyderabad Guwahati

CONTENTS

Chapter

Page

Preface
I

..

..

SOCIAL CHANGE IN INDIA AN APPROACH

..

Social Change as Ideology

..
..
Concepts and Approaches about Social Change in India ..
(i) Sanskritization and Westernization
..
(ii) Westernization
..
..
(iii) Little and Great Traditions ..
..
(iv) Multiple Traditions
..
..
(v) Theories of Structural Changes
..
(vi) Dialectical Approach
..
..
(vii) Cognitive Historical Approach ..
Toward an Integrated Approach
..
..

5
5
9
13
15
16
18
20
22

ORTHOGENETIC CHANGES IN CULTURAL

TRADITIONS AND MODERNIZATION

..

28

..
..
..
..
..
..

30
31
45
47
52
52
54

Orthogenetic Processes of Cultural Change

Great Traditions: Cultural Renaissance and Change
Orthogenetic Change through Differentiation
Continuities in the Orthogenetic Process ..
Orthogenetic Changes in the little Tradition
(i) Sanskritization . .
..
(ii) Traditionalization
..

IV

vii

THE IMPACT OF ISLAM AND MODERNIZATION

60

Modernization
..
..
The Tradition of Islam ..
..
Islamic Tradition in India and Change
Little Tradition of Islam: Islamization
Islam and Modernization in India
..

61
63
66
73
80

THE WESTERN IMPACT AND CULTURAL

MODERNIZATION
..
..
Sub-Cultural Forms of Westernization

..

..
..
..
..

. 8 5
88

vi

VI

CONTENTS
The Great Tradition of Cultural Modernization
..
(i) The Growth of a Universalistic Legal System .
(H) Education and Modernization
..
(iii) Urbanization and Industrialization
..
(iv) Communication and Modernization
..
(v) Nationalism, Politicization and Modernization
Little Tradition of Cultural Modernization
..
Cultural Modernization in India
..
..

93
94
101
107
112
113
117
121

CHANGES IN SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND

MODERNIZATION ..
...
(The Macro-Structural Changes)

..

12a

Macro-Social Structure and Social Changes

(i) The Elite and Social Change ..
(ii) Bureaucratic Elite and Bureaucracy
Industrial and Urban Macro-Structures
(i) Business Elite ..
..
Industrial Workers' Migration and Urbanization
Urbanization and Urbanward Migration
Political Macro-Structures and Change

..
..
..
..
.
..
..
..

139
129
141
149
150
153
156
158

CHANGES IN SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND

MODERNIZATION ..
..
(The Micro-Structural Changes)
The Changing Family Structure
Village Community
..

VII

..
..

. . 1 6 1

..
-

MODERNIZATION OF INDIAN TRADITION :

ANALYSIS
..
..

174
184

. . 1 9 1

Social Changes in Traditional India

..
..
Structural Changes and Sanskritization . .
..
Islamization : An Encounter between Two
Traditional Systems
..
..
Processes of Modernization
..
..
Institutionalization and Breakdown in Modernization . .
The Indian Scene
..
..
Historicity of Modernization
..
..

200
202
204
208
213

NOTES AND REFERENCES

..

..

216

INDEX

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252

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192
195