1.

Advantages and Disadvantages

 There are obviously advantages and disadvantages of ____.

 There are certainly pros and cons of ______
 There are certainly benefits and drawbacks of ______
 There are certainly advantages and disadvantages to ______.
 There are certainly positive aspects and negative aspects associated with this topic.
 One advantage is that… (explain in detail)
 First, one evident advantage of ____ is that ____. For example, _____.
 On the flip side (However, ), a major disadvantage is that _____ For instance, _____.
 However, a major disadvantage of _____ is ______.
 Overall, I think the advantages of ______ outweigh the disadvantages of ____. Therefore, I believe
that _____ is better.

Advantages

Introducing phrase Object/Activity Advantage

The main advantage of cycling to work is that you don’t pollute the air.

Another key advantage of riding your bike is that it’s a good form of exercise.

One of the major strong points eating in is you don’t have to do the washing up.
of restaurants

A very good thing about eating out is you can taste a wide variety of different dishes.

One great thing about mobile phones is you can get in touch with anyone, anytime.

The great advantage of the electronic is that it’s so light and portable, so you can carry it
dictionary everywhere.

The beauty of the electronic is that it’s so light and portable, so you can carry it
One of the main benefits of dictionary everywhere.
One of the main benefits of
One of the major strong points
of

What makes ___ so good is (the fact that ____).  

The positive side of ____ is _____.  

One advantage of (sth/doing sth) that I can come up  

with right now is... 

Another positive aspect of (doing sth) is that it’s so light and portable….
Disadvantages

Introducing phrase Object/Activity Advantage

The fact that _______ is one of the minuses of (doing sth)

One key disadvantage of cycling to work is ______

One key downside of riding your bike  

One key drawback of eating in restaurants  

Another negative point eating out  

is…

1. Imagine that you won a sum of 10 million dollars in the lottery.  In addition, you were required to donate
1/2 of those winnings to either a local hospital or a school. Which one would you donate the money to
and why?
2. Some people are making most of their friends online without ever meeting these individuals in person.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of this type of social interaction?
3. Some students work while attending university. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having a
part-time job at school.
4. Should universities allow students to watch TV in their dormitories? What is your opinion and why?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of watching TV in dormitories? Include reasons and
examples to support your response.
5. Should young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports? What is your opinion and
why? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons and examples to support
your answer.
6. Should colleges allow the students to have TVs installed in their individual rooms? What are the
advantages and disadvantages of it? Briefly explain.
7. Should the children be allowed to invest as much time in sports as they do in studies? Give the
advantages and disadvantages of this scenario with proper reasoning.
8. Should the government make it mandatory for the shopping marts and other malls to be closed after
sundown? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this? List them.
9. Cell phones should not be used in restaurants, movie theaters, and museums.  Do you agree or disagree
with this statement?
10. Some politicians argue that all people in a society should be given a living wage, even if some are
unwilling to work. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? (___ is on the dole/went on the dole: 領
失業救濟金生活)
11. Being direct and completely honest in a conversation will help you to make more friends. Do you agree
or disagree with this statement? (blunt: 直率的；生硬的；直截了當的 It’s good/bad to be blunt with
others because ____.)
12. Your peers have more of an influence on you than you do on your peers. Do you agree or disagree with
this statement?
2. AGREE OR DISAGREE SPEAKING STRUCTURE
1. Thesis
A. I agree/disagree with the idea of (動詞+ing)____.
A. I strongly agree/disagree with the idea that……………….
A. I strongly agree/disagree with the notion that………………. I think it is better to ______.
A. I feel this way for two reasons.
B. REASON 1: First, …. For example, …. / To begin with, …..In addition,…. Therefore,….
C. REASON 2: Second, … For instance, ….
D. And those are the main reasons why I believe it is
1.1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use details and examples to explain your
answer. [Snakes should never be kept as pets.]
1.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use details and examples to explain your
answer. [Parents should buy for their children any books that the children choose to read.]
1.3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use details and examples to explain your
answer. [Students should spend more time learning outside of classrooms than within classrooms.]
1.4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use details and examples to explain your
answer. [Movies that are longer than three hours should be made shorter by removing less important scenes.]
1.5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use details and examples to explain your
answer. [Parents who do not regularly exercise should start in order to be good role models for their
children.]
1.6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use details and examples to explain your
answer. [It’s better to reward employees with gifts and job perks, such as gym memberships or English
classes, then it is to simply pay more.]
1.7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use details and examples to explain your
answer. [Parents should lead their children to watch TV.]

3. PREFERENCE SPEAKING STRUCTURE

A. To me, I prefer ……..to/over……. for two main reasons.
A. Therefore, these reasons are why I prefer  …..rather than…for two/three main reasons.
A. I prefer (doing sth) to (doing sth) as ______.
A. I prefer (doing sth) over (doing sth) for two reasons.
A. If I had a choice, I would rather _____ for three reasons.
A. For me, (doing sth) is more appealing than (doing sth) for two main reasons.
B. The first reason is….. (explain in detail and give an example).
B. First of all, ______. (explain in detail and give an example).
C. The second reason is… (explain in detail and give an example).
C. Secondly, ________. (explain in detail and give an example).
D. Therefore, these are the reasons why I prefer to (do sth) rather than ____.
D. In conclusion, these reasons are why I would rather ____ than ______.
2.1. Physical exercise should be a required part of every school day or students should spend the whole
school day on academic studies. What do you prefer? Use details and examples to support your explanation.
(mandatory: 強制的；必須履行的；法定的)
____ should be mandatory for two reasons. Firstly____. Secondly_____. That is why I believe students
should be required to engage in physical exercise every day at school/That is why I believe that students
should have to spend their whole day at school focusing on their academic studies instead of exercising.
2.2. Do you prefer a new research center at your university to be a center for business research or a center
for research in agriculture (farming)? Use details and examples to support your explanation.
2.3. Do you prefer high schools require students to wear school uniforms or high schools permit students to
decide what to wear to school? Use details and examples to support your explanation.
2.4. Do you prefer items made by hand or items made by machine? Use details and examples to support
your explanation.
2.5. Do you prefer friends who are different from you or friends who are similar to you? Use details and
examples to support your explanation.
2.6. Do you prefer change or your life to stay the same? Use details and examples to support your
explanation.
2.7. Do you prefer to learn by doing things or learn by reading about things? Use details and examples to
support your explanation.
2.8. Do you prefer to go out on weekends or stay home? Use details and examples to support your
explanation.
2.9. Do you prefer using public transportation or driving? Use details and examples to support your
explanation.
2.10. Do you prefer winter or summer? Use details and examples to support your explanation.
2.11. Do you prefer to attend classes face-to-face or virtual classes? Use details and examples to support
your explanation. (online learning/online classes) (face-to-face instruction.)

Integrated Speaking question 2 (Campus announcement + conversation)

*1. Set your own timer and start reading 50 seconds *2. Listen to the conversation
Preparation time: 30 seconds Response time: 60 seconds
1. Group Work
The geology department is aware of the problems surrounding of group work, and its unpopularity among
students. We realize that in some cases students do not contribute and thus gain marks they do not deserve,
while stronger students are frustrated at being held back by weaker students. Similarly, it is very difficult for
tutors to award marks for group projects, as it is unclear who is responsible for each part.
However, the department feels that there is a great deal to be gained from group work, in terms of self-
organization and communication skills. To this end, we plan to introduce a system whereby the group work
itself is not formally assessed, but each student will undertake an individual piece of work based on the
group project, which will be designed to ensure participation in the project.
(hold sby/sth back: 阻礙…的發展) (assess: 評價；評定；對…估價) (undertake: （開始）做，承擔，從
事（尤指耗時或困難之事）)
https://www.examenglish.com/TOEFL/TOEFL_Speaking_part3.htm

 freeload: to use money or other things provided by other people, and give nothing in return 佔便宜，吃
白食 (Sby) was freeloading off of (sby).
 Freeloader: 吃白食的人，寄生蟲 If you refer to someone as a freeloader, you disapprove of them
because they take advantage of other people's kindness, for example by accepting food
or accommodation from them, without giving anything in return.
 Pull one’s weight: 做好自己的份內事，做好本職工作
 Abolish: 廢除，廢止 Have nothing to do with ___: 跟___ 毫无关系
 Faculty: （高等院校的）系，院
1. According to the (announcement/article/policy/letter, etc.). the university decides to _______.
2. The man/woman agrees/disagrees with this for two reasons.
3. Reason + Example 1: First, he/she says ________. For example, _______.
4. Reason + Example 2: Second, he/she states _______. For instance, _______.
University announcement
____ hopes that students can gain ____ and _____ from group work. To achieve this, they have decided to
implement a system whereby students do an individual piece of work based on a group project.
students individual contributions to a group project will be formally assessed so that students are more
motivated to participate in their group project.
Man’s opinion of group work and opinion of the universities decision
The man is/isn’t keen on ______.
In his experience, group work was ____ because _____.
He admits/denies being a freeloader because _____.
(___ got a reasonable grade considering the fact that he didn’t contribute much to the group project.) ___
doesn’t deserve the marks that he/she was awarded
Approach the task in a different way (put more effort into the task)
So, it seems that the faculty is right by pointing out the fact that group marks don’t correctly reflect the
amount of work students have done/how much effort individual students have put into the project.
State whether the man and the faculty agree on everything
___ has nothing to do with ____. abolish group work. ____ is a total waste of time.
The man doesn’t agree with the notion that students of geology should have to master/possess skills that
are required in group work because he believes that they aren’t that useful.
Question: The man expresses his opinion of group work. State and explain his opinion. Compare his
opinion with the opinion of the geology faculty.
University announcement (2 main points) The man’s opinion (2 main points)

2. Sculpture classes being eliminated

Passage, Conversation, and Question
https://www.simontoefl.com/en/task-2/?pageid=1&uid=371&mod=document
Directions: The University is making a change in the courses it will offer. Read the article from the
 university newspaper about the change. Give yourself 45 seconds to read the article.
Sculpture Courses to Be Discontinued
University administrators announced yesterday that the sculpture program, a division (部門（如部、處、
室、科等）) of the art department, will be eliminated (排除；消除；清除). “The main reason is a lack of
student interest,” reported one administrator. “Although the number of art students has increased, fewer and
fewer art majors are taking sculpture classes.” Furthermore, the department’s only sculpture professor is
retiring this year. “Given the art department’s limited budget,” the administrator explained, “it just doesn’t
make sense to hire a new fulltime professor to teach sculpture for only a handful (少數，少量) of students.”
Directions: Give yourself 30 seconds to prepare your response to the following question. Then record
yourself speaking for 60 seconds. The woman expresses her opinion of the university’s plan. State her
opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.

A. Universities plan: (3-4 sentences) B: Whether the speaker agrees or disagrees + reasons for
agreement/disagreement. (10 sentences)
Agree Disagree
The man/girl agrees with the The man/girl agrees with the
announcement/letter/article, which is about _____. announcement/letter/article, which is about _____.
There are two reasons why (sby) supports (doing There are two reasons why (sby) doesn’t support/is
sth)/is in favor of (doing sth). not in favor of (doing sth).
One reason is that _____. One reason is that _____.
Another reason is that _____. Another reason is that _____.
Therefore, these reasons are why the man/girl believes Therefore, these reasons are why the man/girl
that ____ is a good idea. believes that ____ is not a good idea.
Large number of requirements for the courses students have to take./for compulsory classes./There is an
excessive number of classes that students are required to take. (Compulsory 必須做的；強制性的；必
修的 classes take up most of the students time which makes it hard for them to find time to take extra
classes that are optional/take electives 選修課.) (sculpture classes are optional/It is not mandatory to take
sculpture classes.) The university should hire a professor who has a secondary degree or has experience
teaching sculpting under his belt. (have ___ under your belt: to have learned or succeeded in something
that might be an advantage in the future 已經掌握…；已經獲得…)

3. Revealing Coloration (（動物或植物的）顏色，色彩，花紋)

Integrated Speaking question 2 (Reading + lecture+ Question)
https://toeflv3.kmf.com/question/d32d8d04edd5433a0e944f6c97a0c35d/442vmk.html
Directions: Read a passage about revealing coloration from a biology textbook. 50 seconds to read.
Revealing Coloration
Many animals use coloration to protect themselves from predators. One defensive (防禦性的，防衛性的)
strategy (戰略；策略；計謀；行動計劃；策劃，部署) involving the use of coloration is what is known
as revealing coloration. Animals employing (利用/運用) this strategy have an area of bright color on some
part of their body; this bright color is usually hidden from predators’ view. When approached by a predator,
the animal suddenly reveals the area of bright color; this unexpected display of color startles (使驚嚇)or
confuses the predator and provides the would-be prey with an opportunity to escape.
Many animals employ a defensive strategy to protect themselves from ______, which is called _______.
blend in (融入；混入) with their surroundings. ___ gives (sth) a chance to get away.
Part of a lecture from a biology class.
Professor: There’s a large tropical insect called the peanut bug— yes, like the peanuts that you eat—uh, and
the peanut bug’s front wings are colored so that they blend in (融入；混入) with their surroundings. But its
back wings—which are usually closed and hidden—have these bright, colorful spots on them. And when the
peanut bug’s attacked, it suddenly opens its back wings, and out pop these big, bright colors. And that
surprises the predator, and gives the peanut bug a chance to get away. Um, and then you have a butterfly …
called the morpho butterfly. And parts of the morpho butterfly’s wings are very shiny, they reflect a lot of
sunlight; when this butterfly is resting, this shiny part of its wings is hidden … Now, morpho butterflies are
often attacked by birds … So, when a bird approaches, the morpho flies away … and when the morpho flap
its wings, all the bird can see are flashes of light reflected from the morpho’s wings. Those flashes of light
make it very difficult for the bird to follow the morpho, and the morpho is usually able to get away.
Directions: Give yourself 30 seconds to prepare your response to the following question.
Then record yourself speaking for 60 seconds.
Using the examples of the peanut bug and the morpho butterfly, explain the concept of revealing
coloration.
 From the reading passage, (_____) is described as ______.
 The professor illustrates/demonstrates (_____) by giving one/two examples.
 In the first example, ______. In the second example, _______.
 In summary/So/Therefore, these examples demonstrate/show (_____).
Reading (2 main points) Lecture (2 main points)

4. Chemistry department (reallocation of school funds)

Integrated speaking task: https://www.bestmytest.com/toefl-speaking/3/25
*45 seconds Reading (100 word paragraph) -identify the change and reasons for that change
*Listen to conversation (0ne student supports or opposes the change
*Question about conversation and reading
*Preparation time: 30 seconds Response time: 60 seconds
Pool: 共同資金；共用物/共用人員；共用資金；共用資源 Audit: 查…的賬目；審計 Fund: 金；專
款；資金 get a handle on____/have a handle on _____: to understand something or be able to deal with
something
The woman expresses her opinion about the announcement. State her opinion and explain the reasons
that she gives for holding that opinion.
Move: (Doing sth) was a good move./(Doing sth) was a bad move. Outdated: 過時的，陳舊的
Update: 更新；使升級；使現代化 Push for: 反覆呼籲；努力爭取 ___ are pushing for _____.
Accustomed to (sth/doing sth): 習慣的；適應了的 accustomed to using _____.
Lure: 引誘，誘惑，誘導 ___ shouldn’t focus on luring in (sby) because _____.
Be at a disadvantage: 處於劣勢 This the way they will spend _____ is unbelievable.
Edge: 優勢；優越之處 ___ has an edge over _____.
The ____ in the chemistry department is outdated. The extra funds should be spent on _____ before they
____. The students in the chemistry department will be at a disadvantage because _______. They will lose
their competitive edge when competing with other people for positions. They need to be accustomed to
using ____ so they will be ready to enter the workplace. The funds should think about spending on
_____instead of trying to lure _____ students and that is because _______. The school should use the
money to reward the efforts/hard work of _______ even though ________.
INTEGRATED SPEAKING QUESTION 2: SPEAKING STRUCTURE
The reading states that …( the university decided to discontinue the evening class)
The man’s/woman’s opinion is that… _____ is supportive/not supportive of the school’s decision because
_____/ There are two main reasons why the man/woman supports/doesn’t support the school’s decision.
First,… Second,….
That’s why the man/woman thinks that _____ is a good idea/bad idea.
That’s why the man/woman thinks it is a good idea/bad idea to (do sth).
Announcement: Student(s) opinion of the school’s decision