WET FLUE GAS

DESULPHURIZATION

POWER

SALT RIvER PROjEcT, NAvAjO GENERATING STATION,

PAGE, ARIZONA, US

WeT Flue gAS

deSulPhuRizATioN

Reagent and Additive

Processes From Traditional to
State-of-the-Art

Since putting into service the first,

full-scale wet flue gas desulphurization
(WFGD) system in the U.S. in 1968,
Alstom has installed or is constructing
WFGD Systems on over 49,000 MW of
fossil-fired power generation facilities.

Lime and limestone are the most

extensively used reagents in todays
utility industry. Alstom has numerous
commercial applications with these
two reagents.

Our designs are engineered for

reliability. Whether air quality control
needs call for retrofitting or rebuilding
old facilities, or designing equipment
for a new plant, power producers are
turning to Alstom for the most reliable
WFGD systems.

In addition to lime and limestone,

Alstom also has processes that enhance
scrubber performance using additives
such as dibasic and adipic acides,
sulphur and thiosulfate, as well as
magnesium and sodium-enhanced lime
and alkaline flyash scrubbing.
Wide Range of Materials
From rubber-lined and flake-glass lined
carbon steel to various high corrosion
resistant alloys, Alstom provides
the most reliable and cost-effective
materials to suit customers needs.

Spray Nozzles
Design, selection and placement of
spray nozzles is of critical importance in
high-efficiency WFGD systems.
Alstoms hollow-cone and bi-directional
nozzles are positioned via computer
modeling to achieve the maximum gas
to liquid contact and scrubbing efficiency
and are proven to achieve the highest
possible SO2 removal of any FGD
technology worldwide.
Spray Tower
Alstom developed the open-spray tower
design for WFGD. Alstoms first spray
tower started up in 1975. The open
spray tower provides reliable service
while minimizing pressure drop and
100% turndown.

Flowpac
Alstom has recently developed a novel,
low-cost, pump-free absorber for
limestone gypsum applications. By
removing most of the moving parts
and using gravity flow extensively,
the Flowpac design provides high
reliability, excellent performance and
low maintenance.
Mist eliminator
One of the most important
considerations in designing a flue gas
desulphurization system is the removal
of mist from the flue gas to keep
downstream duct work clean and to
assure reliable operation of
downstream reheat devices. Through
extensive testing and experience,
Alstom has developed a patented mist
eliminator design for rugged, reliable
and efficient operation.

WFgd deSigNS oFFeRiNg

A VARieTY oF BY-PRoduCT
oPTioNS
gypsum Production
The in-situ forced oxidation technology
was developed by Alstom in the early
1970s and produces either wallboard
grade or disposal grade gypsum. Alstom
was the first to offer an open spray
tower with in-situ forced oxidation at
Louisville Gas & Electrics Paddy Run
Station. Since this initial demonstration,
Alstom has continued to research and
refine its technology.

SoluTioNS To MeeT
eVeRY CuSToMeRS AiR
QuAliTY CoNTRol NeedS
Broad-Based experience
With more than 30 years of experience,
Alstom has compiled operating data
from more than 70 units and a range
of fuels and performance requirements
unparalleled in the industry. These data
give Alstom the flexibility to execute wet
flue gas desulphurization projects that
meet individual customer concerns.
Turnkey Projects
Approximately 75% of the WFGD
systems supplied by Alstom are turnkey
projects. In these cases, utilities rely
on Alstom to design, supply and erect
all systems and support facilities. At
Alstom, turnkey means more than
hardware. Alstoms turnkey projects
mean service training and startup
services that keep the project on track.
Through experience and coordination
with other Alstom units, Alstom can
provide creative solutions and steer
customers through the often confusing
regulatory and financial mazes that can
delay a project.

CAd
State-of-the-art cAD capabilities allow
Alstoms engineers to electronically
create a fully-integrated design based
upon standard building blocks.
The design manifests itself as scale
models of future construction in three
dimensional space. This sophisticated
capability gives our designers several
advantages, including use of standard
designs, visualizing equipment
placement, detecting interferences that
could occur and ensuring adequate
space among equipment for operations
and maintenance. With cAD, our
customers get an advanced look into the
future of their projects.
Research and development
Alstom is continually striving to
offer customers the most advanced
WFGD system technology and design.
Dedicated R & D revenues support an
Alstom technology hub that tests and
collects data on existing systems, as
well as experiments with advanced
technologies and pilot plants. Our
extensive research, working in
conjunction with the worldwide Alstom
Research and Development centers in
the United States and Sweden, provides
the know-how to serve various market
needs throughout the world.

Clean Power Today!

PWS/BPROB/WTFGDH08/eng/EcS/05.08/US/6592 Alstom 2008, Alstom, the Alstom logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of Alstom. The other names mentioned, registered or not, are the property of their respective companies.

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