LOGO

Corrosion in Refinery Units

GVHD: Ph.D Huynh Quyen
SVTH: Pham Tin (7140054)
Phan Tan Thanh (7140036)

1
2

INTRODUCTION
Cc thit b tn cha in hnh

Cc thit b ph tr

Cc phng php thi cng

Cc nh hng ln bn b cha

Kim tra k thut trc vn hnh

Corrosion in Refinery Units

1. INTRODUCTION

Crude
Oil
Tanks

Refinery

Product
Storage
Tanks

Purpose of this presentation to show the causes of corrosion

that can occur in the various refinery units, and methods
corrosion prevention.

Corrosion in Refinery Units

2. Phn loi:

B ngm fudfjh
B ni dfhf
B na ngm
B ngoi kfdhfjh

Corrosion in Refinery Units

1. INTRODUCTION
Petroleum refining is the separation of petroleum into fractions and
the subsequent treating of these fractions to yield marketable
products through the use of a series of unit processes in which each
unit process carries out a separate function.

Corrosion

Causes the failure

of equipment
items as well as
the maintenance
schedule

Shut down
part or the entire
refinery

The issue with corrosion in the refinery is that there is not one single
source of corrosion, but many:

Corrosion in Refinery Units

Corrosion in Refinery Units

Internal corrosion
Hydrocarbon phase
Not normally
corrosive at
temperatures
experienced in
production systems
Corrosivity depends
on extent and
distribution of the
aqueous and
hydrocarbon phases.

Aqueous phase
Responsible for
corrosion
Corrosion
exacerbated by acid
gases & organic acids
CO2, H2S and O2 are
the most aggressive
species
Chlorides increase
corrosion
Generally,
no water, no
corrosion
7

Internal (process-side) damage mechanisms

Internal (process-side) damage mechanisms
H2 S

CO2

Solids & velocity effects

Chlorides pitting, stress corrosion cracking
Oxygen (crevice / under deposit / differential
aeration)
Galvanic corrosion
Preferential weld corrosion (PWC)
Chemicals

Internal (process-side) damage mechanisms

TYPICAL REACTIONS

Corrosion in Refinery Units

Corrosion in Refinery Units

Corrosion in Refinery Units

2. DESALTING
As a first step in the refining process, to reduce
corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to
prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units,
contaminants must be removed by desalting
(dehydration).
Inorganic salts That cause fouling or hydrolyze and
form corrosive acids.
Demulsifiers to break the oil/water emulsion.
The efficiency of the desalting operation is often
directly related to the occurrence of corrosion in the
distillation unit(s) as well as in other parts of the
refinery.

Corrosion in Refinery Units

2. DESALTING

Corrosion in Refinery Units

2. DESALTING
Decreases the amount of bottom sediment and
water in the crude oil and the amount of suspended
metal compounds going to downstream units.
Desalting chemicals Demulsifiers, caustic soda
+ Neutralize acidic components
+ Excess of caustic formation of soap-type products
due to the presence of fatty acids: the soap-like
products stabilize the oil-water mixture and obstruct
the separation process.

14

Corrosion in Refinery Units

2. DESALTING
Heavy Crude Oil (15 - 250 API)
High solids levels, unstable asphaltene constituents,
nonextractable chlorides, naphthenic acids, sulfur,
and metals
Non-water extractable chlorides that are not
removed during desalting operations are typically
defined as organic or inorganic chlorides that are not
dissolved in emulsified water.
High potential for system corrosion

15

Corrosion in Refinery Units

2. DESALTING
Ethanolamine (monoethanolamine), one of the most
commonly used amines, readily forms an
aminechloride salt in the atmospheric tower.
These salts deposit in the upper sections and, often,
under-deposit corrosion is the major cause of
failures in process systems because in the tower the
under-salt corrosion rates can be 10-100 times
faster than a general acidic attack.
Mitigation strategies include:
+ (1) controlling chloride to minimize the chloride
occurrence in the tower overhead.
+ (2) acidifying the desalter brine to increase removal
of amines into the water phase.
16

Corrosion in Refinery Units

3. DISTILLATION
Separation of crude oil into various fractions:
Gases, light distillates, middle distillates, gas oils,
and residuum.
The concentration of certain constituents by the
distillation process can cause corrosion and
sediment fouling, and can affect flow rates.
However, corrosion agents can still appear in
various streams during post-desalting.
(Blanco and Hopkinson, 1983; Piehl, 1988)

17

Corrosion in Refinery Units

3. DISTILLATION
In the distillation unit, acid gases are formed, of
which hydrogen sulfide is notorious.
Steam, which is injected into the crude tower to
improve the fractionation, condenses in the upper
part of the unit.
The hydrogen sulfide dissolves in the condensate
and forms a weak acid that is known to cause stress
corrosion cracking in the top section of the tower
and in the overhead condenser.
This may lead to frequent replacement of the tubing
of the condenser andin severe casesto the
replacement of the entire crude tower top.

18

Corrosion in Refinery Units

3. DISTILLATION

19

Corrosion in Refinery Units

3. DISTILLATION
Typically, corrosion inhibitors and neutralizers, such
as caustic soda or ammonia, are injected with the
aim of increasing the pH of the sour water.

20

Corrosion in Refinery Units

3. DISTILLATION
Hydrogen Chloride/Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion
Corrosion in the atmospheric crude distillation unit
from the presence of hydrogen chloride. (HCl)
Decomposition of sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium
chloride (CaCl2), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) at
temperatures exceeding1200C (2500F), as well as
from the decomposition of any organic chlorides.

21

Corrosion in Refinery Units

3. DISTILLATION
Hydrogen Chloride/Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion

22

Corrosion in Refinery Units

3. DISTILLATION
Hydrogen Chloride/Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion
HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) NH4Cl(aq)
HCl(aq) + RNH2(aq) RNH2HCl(aq)
In situations in which the water returns to the vapor
state, solid deposits of ammonium chloride form.
This creates the potential for under-deposit
corrosion.

23

TNG QUAN
PHN LOI THEO P SUT

TNG QUAN

PHN LOI THEO VT LIU

CC THIT B TN CHA IN HNH

BN CHA LNP

CC THIT B TN CHA IN HNH

TU VN CHUYN LNP

CC THIT B TN CHA IN HNH

BN CHA LPG

CC THIT B TN CHA IN HNH

CC THIT B TN CHA IN HNH

BN CHA XNG

CC THIT B TN CHA IN HNH

CC THIT B TN CHA IN HNH

BN CHA BITUM

CC THIT B TN CHA IN HNH

XE CH BITUM

CC THIT B TN CHA IN HNH

CC BIN PHP GIM HAO HT

TRONG TN CHA
Mi che
Sn trng
Van th

CC THIT B PH TR
1. Bm:
Bm ly tm

Bm cnh trt

CC THIT B PH TR
Bm piston

Bm trc vt

CC THIT B PH TR
2. Van:
Van chn:

Van cng hay van ca (gate valve)

CC THIT B PH TR
Van cu (globe valve)

Van iu chnh:

Van mng
(diaphragm valve)

CC THIT B PH TR
Van Bi:

Van Kim:

CC THIT B PH TR
Van bm:

Van iu
khin bng
kh nn:

CC THIT B PH TR
Van an ton, x p:

3. Thit b o:

Nhit k lng kim

Nhit k p sut l xo

CC THIT B PH TR
4. Cc thit b ph tr khc:
- Cu thang
- L nh sng
- Ca ngi
- L ly mu
- ng thng hi
-ng tip nhn cp pht
- Thit b o mc cht lng trong bn b
-Thit b cu ha
- H thng tip a
- H thng ti mt
- H thng thot nc

PHNG PHP THI CNG BN CHA

1. Phng php hn hon thin v ghp dn
(Progressive Assemply and Welding)
2. Phng php hn gin on v lp ghp tng th
(Complete Assembly followed by Welding of Horizontal Seams)
3. Phng php nng kch bn (Jacking-up Method)
4. Phng php ni ( Floation method)

Cc nh hng ln bn b cha du kh
1. Tc ng bn ngoi
a, Tc ng ca gi
Gi c th tc ng n bn, nh hng n n nh ca
bn, lm cho bn b un cong hay tc ng n hnh dng ca bn

b, Tc ng ca t
y l tc ng hy hu, khng c phng n chng li. Tuy
nhin khi xt n phng n ny, ta ch d on v ch m bo cho
cc sn phm khng b tht thot ra ngoi, nhng vic ny cng
khng th chc chn c

Cc nh hng ln bn b cha du kh
2. Cc nh hng thy lc n bn cha
a, p sut lm vic cc i
- L p sut ln nht cho php ti nh ca bn cha v tr hot
ng bnh thng ti nhit xc nh i vi p sut .
- Nguyn tc: p sut lm vic cho php ln nht ca mt phn ca
bn cha l p sut trong hoc ngoi ln nht bao gm c p sut thy
tnh nu trn cng nhng nh hng ca tt c cc ti trng kt
hp c th xut hin cho vit thit k ng thi vi nhit lm vic k
c b dy kim loi thm vo bo m n mn

b, Ti trng gi
c, Dung tch cha ln nht cho bn

Cc nh hng ln bn b cha du kh
3. nh hng ca n mn bn b cha
- Cc b cha c bo v chng n mn bng:
+ sn ph
K hiu trn hnh v:
+ phng php bo v catt
Active Metal (Anode) = Kim loi hot tnh
(ant)
Protected Metal (Cathode) = Kim loi
c bo v (catt)

Bo v bng dng in cng bc (dng in ngoi)

Cc nh hng ln bn b cha du kh
a, Bo v catot cho b ngm
Bo v catt l mt ty chn bo v mt b cha ngm (BCN) khi b
n mn. C hai loi h thng bo v catt:
anode hy sinh
dng in cng bc (dng in ngoi)

Bo v bng ant hy sinh

Electrical Isolation (Bushings) = Cch in (Tm lt)
Dieletric protection coating = lp ph bo v in mi
Cathodic Protection (Anode) = Bo v catt (ant)

Cc nh hng ln bn b cha du kh

Bo v catt bng dng in cng bc (dng in ngoi)

Cc nh hng ln bn b cha du kh
b, Bo v catot cho b cha nm trn mt t

n mn bn ngoi y b cha

n mn pin in do vt liu bn ngoi trong ct m

Cc nh hng ln bn b cha du kh

n mn do thot nc km

Thp mi v thp c kt hp vi nhau

Cc nh hng ln bn b cha du kh

Bo v catt kiu pin in (Galvanic)

Bo v catt bng dng in ngoi

Cc nh hng ln bn b cha du kh
4. S bay hi trong bn b
a, Ngn chn s bay hi
b, Gim thiu s bay hi
c, Thu hi li thnh phn nh

5. Bo qun bn b cha
Sn bn, b
nh k bo dng bn, b

Kim tra k thut trc khi a vo

vn hnh
1. Kim tra kn
a.

Kim tra kn y b

. Phng php thuc th

- Ngi ta dng thit b gi l ra th chn khng, l mt hnh hp mt mt trng,
mt i din c knh v cc ng ni n my ht chn khng v n p k.
- Ngi ta t thit b ln mt on ng hn cn th, trt matit xung quanh, dng
bm chn khng ht khng kh trong hp to chn khng trong hp. Nu
ng hn khng kn th x phng bi trn ng hn s c bong bng, ta phi
nh du li, tuy vy cng c th nc khi thng s c tm kh ni ln.
. Phng php chn khng
-Ngi ta p t xung quanh thnh b ngn khng cho kh thot ra, kh nn vo y
b, chiu cao t p khong 100mm. Ngi ta a 3 4 vi bm kh amoniac vo
y b vi p sut d 8 9 mm ct nc di y b. Trn ng hn c
nh sch ngi ta qut dung dch phenolphtalein. Nu thy ch no chuyn mu
ta ghi li. Cn nu dng dung dch axit HNO3 2,5% th qut dung dch ln vi
mn hoc giy bn ph ln ng hn, ch no thng cht ch th ng mu en

Kim tra k thut trc khi a vo

vn hnh
b.Kim tra kn thnh b
- Cc mi hn thnh b kim tra kn bng cch qut hoc phun du ha pha
trong, pha bn ngoi qut nc vi hoc qut phn. Qut 2 ln du ha cch nhau
1 pht sau theo di nu khng c vt du loang coi nh l c

c.Kim tra kn mi b
- Th bng phng php nn kh trong b v bi nc x phng ln ng hn mi
b, tn gip thnh b. Nu ng hn khng kn bt x phng s ni ln( p sut
th bng 15% p sut lm vic b).
- C th th kn mi b bng cch phun du ha vo phn tip gip mi ngoi b
v pha ngoi b, trn ng hn ta bi phn hoc qut nc vi ri quan st theo
di xem lp vi c qut c b thm t hay khng.

Kim tra k thut trc khi a vo

vn hnh
2.Th bn ca b
a) Th cng ca b
Th cng ca b bng cch bm y nc vo b cha trong b t 3 7 ngy nu ln ca b khng ng k, b khng b bin dng th c th kt thc
vic th, coi nh l tt. Cn nu b c s bin dng ln th phi tm cch khc
phc.
b) Th bn mi b
Th bn ca b l th 2 ch p sut, p sut dng v p sut chn
khng bng cch : bm nc hoc nn kh vo trong b, hoc rt nc khi
phi c van khng ch p sut trong b v p k theo di.
p sut khng ch nh phn th kn nhng thi gian gia 2 p sut l 2 3 gi.

Kim tra k thut trc khi a vo

vn hnh
3. Th ln b
a)

Phn loi cc dng ln b v nguyn nhn

. Ln u
Hin tng ln u ch yu l do nn t khng chu lc, m vic gia
c mng b khng m bo nn thng xy ra ln hoc do thay i cc yu
t thy vn nh mc nc ngm t nhin ln cao mt thi gian di cng
lm cho b b ln.
. Ln lch
Hin tng ln lch l do x l nn mng khng u ch m k, ch m
khng k hoc mng b thi cng mt phn t nn mt phn trn lng t
mn phi m nn. Trong qu trnh cha du s gy nn ln lch. Cng c
th mng b xy trn nn t p nhng chu lc khc nhau cng gy ra
ln lch b.

Kim tra k thut trc khi a vo

vn hnh
b) Kim tra ln theo chu vi b
Vic kim tra ln y b c th thc hin bng cc phng php sau :
- Phng php o thy chun xung quanh chu vi ca b.
- o nghing lch ca b bng phng php dy di. B o thy chun c
ng cao su vng chu vi b
Nhng quy nh v cch o :
- Ty theo chu vi b m chia cc im o xung quanh b nhiu hay t s im o
nhng khng c nh hn 8 im v khong cch gia cc im khng nh
hn 6m.
- Vi b 2000 3000 m3 sau 4 nm s dng chnh lch hai im o cnh nhau
khng qu 40mm, hai im i din nm trn ng knh khng qu 180mm.
Nu b s dng qu 4 nm chnh lch cho php ln lt l 60mm v 150mm.
- Nhng b b 400 500 m3 chnh lch cao bng 50% gi tr ca b ln.

Kim tra k thut trc khi a vo

vn hnh
c) Kim tra ln trong nn b
C th nc vo y b cho ph khp c ni cao nht sau o chiu
cao nc nhng ch lm.
Hoc c th o kh y b bng phng php thy chun s im.
- S o phi ln hn 8 im trn b mt.
- Chiu cao vt li lm trn y b khng c li qu 150mm, din tch vt lm
khng qu 2m2
d) X l ln b
Vic x l ln b ty theo mc ln, nguyn nhn ln ta c cch x l
khc nhau :
Nu do nn t c chu lc khng tt m ln b th c th phi kch b
o mng b ln, ng cc cc tre, cc g, cc b tng hoc cc cc ct xung
li mng b l cng vic kh phc tp v tn nhiu cng sc.
Nu do ln cc b th ta c th ch cn kch phn ln qu nhiu tin hnh
ng cc, lm li nn mng, gia c cc ct... phc hi li phn mng b l
c.

Kim tra k thut trc khi a vo

vn hnh
4. Bo qun b cha
a) Sn b
. Ty thuc vo v tr t b cha du m ngi ta sn cc loi sn khc nhau,
c th sn c trong b v ngoi b chng n mn thnh b. B t ngoi tri
ngoi vic sn chng n mn cn phi sn thm lp sn chng trng phn
x nh sng mt tri nhm gim thiu tn tht hao ht v cht lng v s
lng xng du cha trong b.
. Vic sn pha trong b lp sn chng n mn thng phi tin hnh sn b
khi mi bt u a b vo s dng. i vi bn ngoi b thng sn mt lp
chng g, kh lp sn ny sau mi sn cc lp sn v nh khc.

Kim tra k thut trc khi a vo

vn hnh
b) nh k bo dng b
* Cc kho tn cha xng du cn c k hoch xc ra b cha xng du mt
cch nh k c nin hn. Tuy nhin trong cc trng hp sau cn nht thit phi
xc ra b cha xng du nhm m bo cht lng xng du tn cha khng b
nh hng v mt cht lng.
Khi a b mi vo s dng, do b mi thi cng nn c th b bn t bm
vo, cc r st, cc mu que hn... do vy cn phi xc ra bnh tht sch
trc khi a vo s dng.
Khi thay i chng loi du cha trong b.
Khi b b h hng phi xc ra b cha trc v sau khi sa cha
* Thi gian cn thit phi xc ra b cha xng du. Ty theo tng loi xng
du cha trong b, tnh cht ca kho ta nh ra thi gian cn thit cn phi xc
ra b cha :
t nht 1 nm 2 ln i vi b cha nhin liu dng cho ng c phn lc ,
xng my bay, du m dng cho ngnh hng khng.
t nht mi nm 1 ln i vi cc b cha nhin liu pha ph gia, cc b
cha ph gia, cc loi xng t v du m dng cho t.
t nht 2 nm 1 ln i vi cc b cha du nhn, du FO, du DO...

LOGO

Thank You !