Presentations: Technical Proceedings

Technical Proceedings-
Presentations
TH
6 CUSTODY MEASUREMENT
TECHNICAL EXCHANGE MEETING
(CMTEM 2011)
November 21-23, 2011

Dammam Office Building
Saudi Aramco
Maintain Measurement Accuracy

from Design to Operation
Authors:
Peter Jakubenas Installed Product Services Manager, FMC Technologies
Bryan Partridge After Market Manager, FMC Technologies
Jeffery MacKenzie Global Aftermarket Manager, FMC Technologies
Presented by:
Peter Sims Business Development Manager FMC Technologies
APPLICATIONS
PIPELINE TERMINALS
EXPORT TERMINALS
IMPORT TERMINALS
FLOATING PRODUCTION STORAGE VESSELS FPSO AND FSO
CUSTODY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS
BUYERS
SELLERS
CUSTOMS
GOVERNMENT
SHIPPERS
FISCALIZATION ACCURACY
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT
QUALITATIVE MEASUREMENT
TRACEABILITY TO RECOGNIZED STANDARDS
We are seeking the truth!
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT
METERS
PROVERS
FLOW COMPUTERS
CONTROL SYSTEMS
QUALITATIVE MEASUREMENT
DENSITY OR GRAVITY
TEMPERATURE
PRESSURE
VISCOSITY
SAMPLING
BS & W
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
ACCURACY- HIGH CERTAINTY- LOW
UNCERTAINTY- BOTH INITIAL AND ONGOING
SAFETY
RELIABILITY
OPERATOR EASE
LOW ONGOING OPERATING COSTS
LOW CALIBRATION COSTS
LOW MAINTENANCE COSTS
VALUE
SYSTEMS APPROACH
ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE
PROPERLY SELECTED COMPONENTS TO ACHIEVE
LOW UNCERTAINTY
TURNKEY CONTRACT
EXPERIENCED
SUPPLER WITH PRODUCT LINE KNOW HOW AND
COMMITMENT
SUPPLIER WITH ONGOING SUPPORT SERVICES
HISTORY
WHAT ACCURACY CAN BE

ACHIEVED?
METERING +/- O.1 %

TO +/- 0.25%
OVERALL
TANK GUAGING +/0.7% UNDER BEST OF
CONDITIONS
COST OF UNCERTAINTY
ASSUME 10,000 BBL PER HOUR @ $100 per
BBL (10 Pipeline)
ASSUME 0.5 % UNCERTAINTY BETTER THAN
TANK GUAGING- $0.50 per BBL
$120,000 AT RISK PER DAY
$3,600,000 AT RISK PER MONTH
$43 MILLION AT RISK PER YEAR
UNCERTAINTY- RISK
Under Registration
Deprives the seller of entitled revenue
Over Registration
Customer complaints and loss of good will
Possible retroactive rebates
Potential lawsuits
We are seeking the truth (CERTAINTY) in
measurement
Uncertainty is RISK associated with the
transaction
TYPICAL SYSTEM P&ID
DESIGN FOR LOWEST TOTAL

OWNERSHIP COST
TOTAL COST FOR ASSET OVER LIFE =
INITIAL COST
+ Y x YEARLY ENERGY COST TO OPERATE
+ Y x YEARLY OPERATOR LABOR COST
+ Y x YEARLY CALIBRATION LABOR COST
+ Y x YEARLY MAINTENANCE LABOR AND
MATERIALS COSTS
Where Y represents life of project, typically 20

years.
OPERATING ENERGY COST

CONSIDERATIONS
PUMPING COSTS DUE TO PRESSURE DROP

PRESSURE DROP DUE TO
HEADER SIZE AND DESIGN
STRAINER DESIGN (EXCEPT FOR ULTRASONIC METER SYSTEMS)
METER TECHNOLOGY SELECTED
o ULTRASONIC
o POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
o HELICAL TURBINE
o CONVENTIONAL TURBINE
o CORIOLIS
SAMPLER MIXING METHOD
o JET MIXER- PUMP REQUIRES ENERGY
o STATIC MIXER
BLOCK VALVE SIZING
CONTROL VALVE SIZING
METER SELECTION FLOW RATE

VISCOSITY
METER RUN QTY. VS SIZE
METER SELECTION RULE OF

THUMB BASED ON FLOW RATE
AND VISCOSITY
QUALITY SKID
LINE EXTRACTION DEVICES

SLIP STREAM PUMPS
DENSITOMETER(S)
VISCOMETER(S)
FLOW METER AND CONTROL VALVE IN LOOP
BS & W MONITOR
SAMPLER
SKID AUTOMATION
MOTOR OPERATED VALVES
REMOTE READOUT EQUIPMENT
METER TRANSMITTERS
TEMPERATURE
PRESSURE
CONTROL ROOM OR SKID MOUNTED FLOW

COMPUTER I/O
CONTROL ROOM INSTRUMENTSFOR OPERATOR EASE
FLOW COMPUTERS
GRAPHIC PANELS FOR BACKUP
REDUNDANT CONFIGURATIONS
PLC FOR VALVE INTERLOCK
CONTROL ROOM INSTRUMENTS

SUPERVISORY COMPUTERS
CONTROL
DATA COLLECTION
AUTOMATED PROVING
EXTENSIVE REPORTING AND ARCHIVING
SOPHISTICATED MAN MACHINE INTERFACES
COMMUNICATION INTERFACES
METER AND PROVER DIAGNOSTICS
TYPICAL HMI SCREEN
TYPICAL CRT SCREEN
Meter Performance Analysis

Software
MAINTENANCE and CALIBRATION

ISSUES
PROPER MATERIALS AND COATINGS TO BATTLE
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CORROSION
EASE OF ACCESS TO EQUIPMENT ROUTINELY
CALIBRATED OR SERVICED
SET UP MAINTENANCE INTERVALS BASED ON
EXPERIENCE AND OBSERVED STABILITY OF
EQUIPMENT
INSTALL REDUNDANT EQUIPMENT AND DO
CONDITION BASED MAINTENANCE
TRACK ALL MAINTENANCE
Case Study - Metering

Maintenance Contract Overview
Start Date: 1 October 2004
st
Duration: 5 years plus 5 x 1

year options
Original Scope
UK (1 onshore plant, 16
offshore platforms, 68,000
man hours)
NL (157 onshore sites, 22
offshore platforms, 38,000
man hours)
NO (1 onshore site, 1 offshore
platform, 11,000 man hours)
26
Contract Framework
Program Management
Administration
Purchasing
Work registration
Invoicing
Payment problems resolution
Subcontract management
Monthly commercial reporting
Monthly forecasting
Planning and Operations
Compliance Delivery
Work control systems
Breakdown response
Scheduling and planning
Work Preparation
1st technical line support
SAP Improvements
Field Execution
Test equipment management
Spares management
Monthly operational reporting
Consultancy and Engineering
Client reputation protection

Technical measurement support
Mismeasurements
Audit support
Management of audit actions
Calibration verifications
Metering philosophy development
Procedure writing
Calibration sheet design
Engineering design review
PMA Collaboration
Project support
QA
27
Contract Personnel
Total of 65 people:
Program Management (1)
Administration (6)
Planning and Operations (44)
Consultancy and Engineering (14)
UK
1 Contract Manager (50%)1
3 Administrators1
UK
3 Planning Engineers1
22 Metering Technicians1
UK
1 Senior Consultant1
6 Metering Engineers1
NL
2 Administrators
1 Financial controller (20%)
NL
3 Planning Engineers
12 Metering Technicians2
NL
1 Senior Consultant
4 Metering Engineers
NO
1 Administrator (10%)
NO
3 Metering Technicians
1 Analyser Specialist3
NO
1 Senior Consultant
1 Metering Engineer
28
Equipment Supported
SCOPE OF EQUIPMENT SUPPORTED
FLOW COMPUTERS:
S500S, S600S, MICRO 5000S, OMNI, SOLARTRON 7915, 7951, 7925, 7922, 7955,
869M,INTROMET FC500, FC2000, NETOIL, DANIELS S103, PROMAC, CONTREC
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DEVICES:
MAGFLOWS, MULITPHASE METERS, TURBINE METERS, ULTRASONIC METERS, ORIFICE
METERS, V-CONE METERS, ANNUBARS, CORIOLIS METERS, POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT METERS, DP AND PT TRANSMITTERS, TEMPERATURE
TRANSMITTERS, 3095 MV, GAS AND OIL DENSITY TRANSDUCERS
MICROMETER, YOKOGAWA, SOLARTRON, FOXBORO, E+H, ABB, KROHNE, ROXAR,
FRAMO, FAURE HERMAN, BROOKS, DANIELS, ROSEMEOUNT, PECO, HECO, FMC,
MICRO MOTION
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12.
Equipment Supported
SCOPE OF EQUIPMENT SUPPORTED
ANALYSERS:
OIPW ANALYSERS, WIO ANALYSERS, RD ANALYSERS, PYCNOMETERS, CHROMATS,
DEW POINT ANALYSERS, H2S ANALYSERS
ROXAR, DANIELS, SOLARTRON, E+H, SIEMENS, MICHELL, AMETEK, ABB, HOBRE
PROVERS AND MASTER METERS (10 36):
12 SITES
SAMPLING SYSTEMS:
WELKER, JISKOOT
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT:
KPIs
HSE
Behavioural
Performance
Innovations
Savings
31
CONTRACT BENEFITS: MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS
32
CONTRACT BENEFITS: MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS
33
CONTRACT BENEFITS
34
Complete bespoke management system and infrastructure

developed and implemented:
Operational infrastructure
Operating systems and procedures
Planning and scheduling tools
Work instructions
Calibration sheets
Mismeasurement management
Audit Management
CONCLUSIONS
Ongoing costs of operation and
maintenance of petroleum custody
transfer measurement systems over a 20
year project life can predominate over
initial equipment investment.
It is important to design the equipment for
low ongoing costs. Initial cost may be
higher to do this.
Sophisticated diagnostic systems and
equipment can reduce ongoing costs; for
example condition based maintenance.
CONCLUSIONS
Operation and maintenance of these
systems requires specialists trained on the
large variety of components comprising
the systems with oversight by engineers.
Systematic scheduling of preventive
maintenance and corrective maintenance
can lead to lower maintenance costs.
A sophisticated reporting system enables
greater transparency of total costs and
facilitates decisions to optimize costs.
CUSTODY MEASUREMENT
STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION
INITIATIVE
KHALID A. AL-FADHL
Chairman, Custody Measurement Standards Committee
Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco)
CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

_______________________________________________________________
Outlines:
1. Introduction
2. What is Standards Globalization?
3. Benefits of Globalization
4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure
5. Globalization Approach and Strategy
6. Custody Measurement Standards Globalization
Initiative
7. Challenges
8. Conclusions
9. Recommendations
Slide # 1

_______________________________________________________________
1. Introduction
Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards are at the

center of engineering intellectual know-how and
serve as the safety net for building safe, reliable
and cost effective facilities.
Are the standards aligned with International
Standards?
Are they the main reason behind the
exponentially increasing capital projects cost?
or, they need optimization?
Slide # 2

_______________________________________________________________
Globalization is a process to enhance the

alignment Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards
with the international or Industry standards.
A result of Benchmarking Exercise conducted in
2007 against regional and International oil
companies and standards organizations such as
GSO, OGP and ISO.
Slide # 3

_______________________________________________________________
2. What is Standards Globalization? (Conted)
Exercise showed that Saudi Aramco is in the

leading edge in terms of engineering standards
management practices and systems
Chairmen and Subject Matter Experts are required
to revisit the requirements that do not add value
to the design.
Participate in the activities of the international
standards organizations to inject the Saudi Aramco
mandatory requirement to these organizations
Slide # 4

_______________________________________________________________
Slide # 5

_______________________________________________________________
Eliminate special requirements that may
increase project costs
Slide # 5

_______________________________________________________________
Increase the number of potential suppliers of
material
Slide # 5

_______________________________________________________________
material
Reduce manpower required to maintain
company standards
Slide # 5

_______________________________________________________________
material
company standards
Help build local industry around international
standards to better compete in the global
market
Slide # 5

_______________________________________________________________
material
company standards
Help build local industry around international
standards to better compete in the global
market
Develop cost estimates more economically.
Slide # 5

_______________________________________________________________
Board of Engineers chaired by Engineering

Services Chief Engineer bears the responsibility
of the Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards and
Specifications
Slide # 6

_______________________________________________________________
Slide # 7

_______________________________________________________________
More than 2300 standards; from which, more

than 1200 are considered mandatory.
Slide # 7

_______________________________________________________________

37 standards committees with members of more
than 500 people from 17 different organizations
Slide # 7

_______________________________________________________________

37 standards committees with members of more
than 500 people from 17 different organizations
Corporate management systems have been
established to manage the review and approval
process of the engineering standards
Slide # 7

_______________________________________________________________
Corporate management systems have been

established to manage the review and approval
process of the engineering standards.
Slide # 8

_______________________________________________________________
Standard Review Model
Slide # 9

_______________________________________________________________
Slide # 10

_______________________________________________________________
Developing a snapshot of the current state of

Saudi Aramco standards and conducting Gap
Analysis by Saudi Aramco Subject Matter
Experts each in his discipline.
Slide # 10

_______________________________________________________________

Performing Value Engineering studies for the
engineering standards.
Slide # 10

_______________________________________________________________

Performing Value Engineering studies for the
engineering standards.
Participating in International Standards
Development
Slide # 10

_______________________________________________________________
Slide # 11

_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
A. Custody Measurement Engineering Documents:
4 SAEPs (Engineering Procedures)
5 SAESs (Engineering Standards
14 SAMSSs (Material System Specifications)
In addition to Standards Drawings, ISSs, &
Inspection Forms
Slide # 12

_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
B. Development and Revision Process of Custody
Measurement Engineering documents
Slide # 13

_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
B. Development and Revision Process of Custody
Measurement Engineering documents
C. Gap Analysis
Exception Format is used to develop
documents that have a reference
international document.
Normative Format is used to develop
documents that do not have a reference
international document.
Slide # 13

_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
D. Value Engineering Studies:
Three value engineering studies were
performed on most important measurement
documents.
Slide # 14

_______________________________________________________________
Document
Document Title
No.
SAES-Y-101
Date
Custody Metering of
No. of VE
Proposals
No. of VE
Estimated
Recommend
Cost
-ations
Avoidance ($)
14
30
7,400,000
18
33
30,000,000
Hydrocarbon Gases
SAES-Y-103
Royalty/Custody Metering of
5/9-13/2009
Hydrocarbon Liquids
34-SAMSS-119
Bi-directional prover
19
816,200
34-SAMSS-120
Uni-directional meter prover
816,200
34-SAMSS-121
Small Volume Prover
33
880,000
34-SAMSS-122
Atmospheric Portable Tank
TBD
11
TBD
8/2-4/2010
Prover
34-SAMSS-112
Orifice Meter for Gas Custody

Measurement
34-SAMSS-114
Ultrasonic Flow Meter for Gas

Custody Measurement
Slide # 15
10/4-5/2011

_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
D. Value Engineering Studies:(Cont.ed)
Two value engineering studies are planned to
be performed
Slide # 16

_______________________________________________________________
Document No.
SAES-Y-501
Document Title
Date
Dynamic Sampling of Hydrocarbon Liquids for Royalty/Custody

Transfers
34-SAMSS-525
Automatic Sampling Systems for Crude Oil and Refined Products
34-SAMSS-526
Automatic Sampling Systems for Hydrocarbon Gases
34-SAMSS-841
Flow Computer for Custody Transfer Measurement of
July 2012
Hydrocarbon Liquids
34-SAMSS-846
Flow Computers for Custody Transfer Measurement of

Hydrocarbon Gases
34-SAMSS-847
Preset Controller for Truck Loading and Unloading Systems
34-SAMSS-851
Metering Supervisory Computer for Custody Transfer

Measurement of Hydrocarbon Liquids
Slide # 17
October 2013

_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
E. Participation in the International Standards
Organizations:
Slide # 18
American Petroleum Institute (API) Petroleum

Measurement subcommittees
(COGFM, COMA, COLM & COMQ)

_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
Organizations:
Slide # 19
American Society for Testing and Materials

(ASTM)
Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and
Lubricants

_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
Organizations:
International Organization for Standards

(ISO)
Saudi Standard, Metrology and Quality
Organization (SASO) delegated Saudi Aramco
represented by CMU to review and vote on
the international standards submitted by ISO
TC-28, Petroleum products and lubricants.
Slide # 20

_______________________________________________________________

Initiative:
Organizations:
American Gas Association (AGA)

CMU participates in AGA activities by
reviewing the reports developed in the field
of gas measurement.
Slide # 21

_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges:
Slide # 22

_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges:
a) Implementation process of the initiative differs

from one discipline to another.
Slide # 22

_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges:

b) Involvement of the Subject Matter Experts in the
increasing day-to-day activities.
Slide # 22

_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges:

c) Standards Cross Referencing
Slide # 22

_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges:

c) Standards Cross Referencing
d) Shortages in the local and international subject
matter experts
Slide # 22

_______________________________________________________________
7. Challenges: (Conted)
e) Geographical diversity do not permit attending

International standards organizations working
group meetings
Slide # 23

_______________________________________________________________

group meetings
f) Long time for developing and approving the
reference standard document
Slide # 23

_______________________________________________________________

group meetings
f) Long time for developing and approving the
reference standard document
g) Marketing SA standards requires referring to
international standards not SA document
Slide # 23

_______________________________________________________________
8. Conclusion
Saudi Aramco, through Globalization Initiative,
made a significant progress in optimizing the
alignment of its technical requirements with the
international standards.
Some of the Saudi Aramco standards were
adopted by GSO and others were submitted to ISO
for adaptation.
Slide # 24

_______________________________________________________________
9. Recommendations:
All the necessary resources should be allocated to

implement the Globalization Initiative
requirements such as:
Participation of Subject Matter Experts in the
International Standard Organizations activities.
Conducting Value Engineering Studies
Slide # 25

_______________________________________________________________
Summary:
1. Introduction
Initiative
7. Challenges
8. Conclusion
9. Recommendations
Questions?
JISKOOTTM QUALITY SYSTEMS
Real-world proving and maintenance of

sampling/quality measurement system
accuracy using international standards
CMTEM Saudi Aramco - Nov 2011

Jon Moreau Cameron Measurement Systems - Jiskoot
Mark Jiskoot Cameron Measurement Systems Jiskoot
Change in the last 20 years?

1990s
2011
How much has your quality measurement changed?
Real world sampling accuracy - topics

International losses
Quantity v- quality measurement
Proving the accuracy of quality measurement

systems
Proving acceptance criteria
The performance of different system designs
Effects on density and OWD measurement
Maintaining system accuracy
EI HMC4 Measurement committee crude oil losses
Potential quality measurement loss > $300m pa @ 0.16%

$500,000,000
$450,000,000
$400,000,000
$350,000,000
$300,000,000
$250,000,000
Losses
$200,000,000
$150,000,000
$100,000,000
$50,000,000
$0
0.000%
0.040%
0.080%
0.120%
0.160%
0.200%
0.240%
Effect of quality measurement on overall accuracy??
Importance of accuracy
Crude oil cargo - 300,000 m3
1cc sample grabs taken, 10,000 per batch
10 litre sample taken to lab for analysis
1 100ml analysed for water - depending on method
Volume analysed can be 1 in 300 BILLION
1 in 300,000,000,000
Sampling standards
34SAMSS 525
SAESY-501
ISO 3171
API 8.2 called by above
IP 6.2 & ASTM 4177
(same as API)
Under the Phoenix agreement
EI and API are being merged and
it will then be balloted to replace
ISO 3171
Will include refined products!
Water injection proving the process
Proving results criteria ISO/IP
Proving to IP or ISO standard

Complies with API, ISO and IP!!
Proving to the API complies on with API
Remember planned unification of ISO and API
Proving results some systems fail!!
Independently certified systems ISO pass
Proving certificates!!!!!
Different sampling system types
Fast loop sampling system
CoJetix sampling system
(External mixing needed if required)
(Combined mixing and sampling)
In-line (probe based) sampling system

(External mixing needed if required)
Relative accuracy of crude oil sampling systems

1.40%
In line sampling system with poor

mixing
1.20%
in-line sampling system with compliant

mixing
Fast loop sampling system with
compliant mixing
Accuracy
1.00%
EFFECT
OF POOR
MIXING
0.80%
ON WATER
CONTENT
MEASUREMENT
0.60%
0.40%
0.20%
0.00%
Number of water injection tests
Performance of fast loop sampling systems (inc mixing)
Performance of in-line sampling systems (inc mixing)
Density measurement errors
Density measurement configuration bias
Reducing uncertainty and maintaining accuracy

Specify, design, install and commission correctly
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Pipeline mixing LARGEST EFFECT ON ACCURACY

Representative sampling of the batch
Sample handling and mixing
Laboratory analysis process
Prove the system in accordance with standards
Collecting a representative batch sample

Performance Criteria for Permanent Sampling System
Installations
Grab factor
Performance factor
Flow sensor accuracy
Sampling time factor
Loop velocity (fast loops)
Fully automated with the control system monitoring and

controlling the sampler only informing the operator if a
failure occurs
Sample handling and mixing

Reduce the number of steps - Portable receivers
reduce uncertainty
L2)
Fixed receivers with

mixing in the field create a
second L2 step in an
environment outside lab
control
Maintaining system performance

Prove
installed
system by
water
injection
Confirm
mixing
performance
v design
parameters
Validate
handling,
laboratory
process
Certified
quality
measurement
system
Validate and
ensure
system
reliability
Validate
system
performance
Summary
1.
Design and
specification
8.
Revalidation
and proving
as required
7.
Confirm
operating
envelope
same as
design
6.
Validation of
sampling
and analysis
process
2.
Installation
and
commission
Certified
accuracy
&
reduced
losses
5.
Maintenance
schedule
3.
Proving in
accordance
with
standards
4.
Batch
certification
of
performance
So what does your quality measurement look like?
1973 OR - 2011?
Thank You
Questions?
November 2011
BTU Gas Measurements

Challenges & Optimization
Abdulaziz A. Al-Faraj
Saudi Aramco
Copyright 2011, Saudi Aramco. All rights reserved.
Objective
Share with you our experience and challenges

encountered to accurately measure the BTU for
a widely distributed gas network
Outlines
Background
Existing Methods
Challenges
Optimization Methods
Conclusion
Background
Ras Al KhairJubail Royal Commission
Plant consists of:
The MasterBerri
GasPower
System
Jubail Royal Commission
1-KGP
Major gas plant producers
2- ComplexBerri
pipelines
Pressure : 300 1000 PSIG

Flow : around 4.2 BSCFD in
the Eastern Province
Temperature : 70 150 F
BTU: 900 1280
network Wusta
Desalination Plant
Berri Junction
3-BGP
Major junction sites
Ghazlan Power Plant 1 & 2
Refinery and Fractionation

Juaymah
Junction
4- Low pressure distribution system
Azizyiah Desalination Plant
5- Metering skids Dammam/Khobar Area

Qatif Junction
SGP,UGP,
HGP, HYGP
Dammam Industrial Plants
Importance of Gas Sampling

On-Line
Analyzer
Flow
Computer
FT High
FT Low
PT
TT
FCV (A)
SAUDI
ARAMCO
CUSTOMER
Class-I
Valve
Orifice
FCV (B)
Metering Skid Classification

Secondary
20 MM SCFD
Small Gas Metering System
Composite Sampler
Primary
200 MM SCFD Primary 20 MM SCFD
Medium Gas Metering System Online GC
or a representative sample from another GC
Major
> 200 MM SCFD
Large Gas Metering System
Independent Online GC required
SAMPLING METHODS
Automatic (Composite) Sampling
Online Sampling
Composite
Sampling
LIMITATIONS
Is Not Based ON Real-time Value

The Process Labor/Time Intensive
Laboratory Dependent
Online Analyzer
LIMITATIONS
High Initial Cost

Need of Highly Skilled Personnel
Requires Carrier & Calibration Gas
Challenges
Challenges
1- Continuously Improve the Accuracy in Determining the
Value of BTU In Order to Reduce Uncertainty
Challenges
2- Improve Efficiency
Challenges
3- Gas Composition Variations
Challenges
4- Enhance Coordination Efforts Amongst Involved Parties in
Determining the BTU Value
Engineering
Maintenance
Operation
Laboratory
Challenges
5- Match BTU With That of Our Customers to Eliminate
Potential Claims
Using different standards
Using different measurement methods
Involvement of different parties
Challenges
5- Special Maintenance Requirements
Periodical PM
Require Special Crew
Supply Carrier & Calibration of
Gas
Secure Resources
1- Automate Gas Sampling Processes In Order to Reduce
Manual Activities
2- Network Enhancement
Centralized
Location
BTU
AIT
Gas Composition
& other Data to
F.C
BTU
Costumer A
Update MMBTU at
Local Flow Computer
Sample line
Sales Gas Header
Costumer A
Costumer C
Costumer B
Costumer D
Update MMBTU for selected flow

computers at the costumers sites
3- Continuously Improve Workforce Skills and
Competencies
4- Improve Existing Policies and Regulations
Conclusion
Determining the Most Accurate BTU Value is Highly Critical to any
Sales Organizations.
Gas Sampling Method Selection Shall be Based on Achieving Best
BTU Results
Online Gas Chromatographs Are in Most Cases More Cost Effective
Optimization Shall Be Adopted Continuously
Thank You
Custody and Royalty Metering Skids

Operation and Maintenance Challenges
November 21, 2011
Ahmad I. Al-Shaye
Saudi Aramco
NA Pipelines Department
Outline
System Overview
Our Customers
Duties and Responsibilities
Challenges
Conclusion
Overview
Saudi Aramco Pipelines Mission
Transport hydrocarbons throughout
the kingdom safely, reliably and in
an environmentally responsible way
Ras Al-Khair
Jubail
Ras Tanura
Dhahran
Our Customers
Sector
Sales Gas
& Ethane
(Custody)
Crude Oil
(Royalty)
# Metering Stations
RC Primary
Industries
42
RC Secondary
Industries
20
Electricity &Water
Desalination
10
Others
Refineries
Petrochemicals
Total #
77
The Sales Gas Ring

JUBAIL
SECONDARY
KAYAN
CHEMANOL
HADEED
SEPC
INDUSTRIES
20 Customers
ALRAZI
NCP
JUPC
SPC
SCP
SIPCHEM
APPC
Sales Gas Ring

WAHA
Zamil EAP
FARABI
SHARQ
SahraMaaden EDC
IBN SINA
IBN AL
BAYTAR
SADAF
SABICSIPCHEM
IBN ZAHR
SAFCO
KEMYA
PETROKEMYA
SASREF
SAMAD
SahraTasnee
The Secondary Ring

SODA
GLASS FIBER
GULF
GUARD
JANA
MODECOR
HASAD
BILAD
NAJI
Secondary Ring
INDIPCO
SFCCL
ASLAK
TAYF
LATEX
HAMRANI
UNI COIL
ACICO
UGSCL
JESCO
EPTECO
The Ethane Ring

NCP
SEPC
JUPC
KAYAN
SHARQ
KEMYA
SADAF
Ethane Ring
PETROKEMYA
SABIC
(ABS)
SIPCHEM
Integrated
Typical Metering Station

Flow Computer Bldg.
Isolation
Valve
FT High FT Low
Central
Dispatch
System
PT
TT
FCV (A)
SAUDI ARAMCO
CUSTOMER
Flow Meter
FCV (B)
General Requirements
Measurements Operations
Metering Skids Maintenance
Customers Issues

General Requirements
Operate and Maintain Safely and Reliably
Conduct Regular Audits
Revalidate Lateral Lines
Replace Obsolete Equipment

Collect Regular Gas/Crude
Oil Samples and Send to
LAB
Conduct Periodical Proving
on Royalty Crude Oil System

Enter BTU, API, S&W Values
to Generate Delivery Tickets
Collecting The Daily Delivery

Tickets on Weekly Basis
Generate Monthly Gas
Consumption for Billing

Metering Skids Maintenance
Instruments Calibrations
Meter Inspection / Diagnosis
Checking Flow Calculations
Perform Software Back up
Stroking the Main Valve Yearly

Customers Issues
Measurement Discrepancies
Operational Mode changes
Expansion or Demolition
New Projects
Challenges
Continuously Improve Gas Measurement
Accuracy In Order to Reduce Uncertainty
Challenges
No. of Metering Stations"
Cope with Continuous

Growth
90
80
70
60
50
40
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
30
2003
Flexibility
Adaptability
Challenges
Special Logistics
Requirements
Scattered and Restricted
Metering Skids
Challenges
Meeting Company and Customers Demands
Continuously Improve Efficiency of Processes
Maintain Optimum Accuracy and Reliability
Deploy Advanced Technologies
Automate Manual Activities
Continue to Perform Regular
Audits by Third Party to Raise
Confidence Level
Optimization Tools
Build up Metering Skills and Competencies
Enhance Planning and Coordination with
Customers
Summary
System Overview
Our Customers
Challenges
Potential Improvement Methods
Thank you
Areas for Improvement in

Hydrocarbon Liquid Metering Systems
Dr Mohammed Salim
Saudi Aramco
Partnering for results
"Any fool can make things bigger, more complex and

more violent. It takes a touch of genius - and a lot of
courage - to move in the opposite direction."
Albert Einstein, scientist
Presentation overview
Presenting the simplest view of hydrocarbon liquid metering systems
Metering system field components
Metering Control System Architecture

System components
Communication
Intelligence
Testing
Training and certification
Summary
Inlet
Outlet
Major field problem component

Impacts measurement!
Is there no other way?
Automatic integrity test on double block and bleed valves

Valves limit switches
Wiring between field and control room
Labor intensive and tedious
Can we not improve?
Metering control system architecture

MSC B
MSC A
NETWORK
FC A
FC B
PLC
Metering control system flow computer
Is technology simplifying this critical component?

Are configuration/programming tools making it simple to use?
Remote I/Os?
All skid valves for meters it can handle?
10
Metering control system PLC
Simple valve control and interlocks

Failure modes
How to reduce wiring between field and control room
11
Metering control system supervisory computer
Key areas
Integration
Redundancy
Reports
Alarms
Documentations
Testing
Training & certification
Intelligence
Major concern
Application
No major problems
Communication
Operating system
12
Metering control system integration
Experience in custody transfer measurement process

Minimum number of software modules to design system
Standard off-the-shelf SCADA vs in-house packages
Proprietary vs open source code
13
Metering control system redundancy
SCADA off-the-shelf vs programmed

Data synchronization in redundant systems
Failure modes and recovery
14
Metering control system reports
Reports synchronization in a redundant system

Archiving for ease of reviewing
Historical reports archive management
15
Metering control system alarms
Improve alarm segregation e.g. system, process and measurement

Listing all alarms in provided documentation
system wide acknowledgment
16
Metering control system documentation
Documentation should help in removing black box concept
All documentations should be available online on MSC

One detailed document providing A-Z on re-building system from scratch
17
Metering control system testing
Remote I/Os will resolve wiring issues on skid and control panel at FAT
The FAT documents must demonstrate all design requirements
All FAT tests should be at maximum design
18
Metering control system training & certification
Technician training
Engineer training
Do we have certification programs?
19
Metering control system intelligence
Reducing data monitoring updates

Measurement system performance tracking
Meter history and performance tracking
Prover history and performance tracking
20
Metering control system communication
Failure and recovery modes

Standard platform for approved SCADA packages
Intelligent data monitoring
In-Built redundancy
21
Summary
Highlighted areas for improvements
- Metering system field components
- Metering control system architecture

- Components
- Communication
- Intelligence
- Testing
- Training and certification
22
Thank you for listening
Any Questions?
23
An Integral Approach To
Custody Transfer Data Management

Han van Dal
Spirit Innovative Technologies
Statement
With respect to Custody Transfer Data the current
generation of Metering Control Systems is
dumb
inaccurate
time-consuming
Contents
What is Custody Transfer Data?
What can be improved?
Relation to system uncertainty
Case study
Conclusions
Custody Transfer Data

API MPMS 21.1 (Gas) & 21.2 (Liquid)
Quantity Transaction Records
Configuration Logs
HW & SW Versions
Event Logs
Field Test Reports
Corrections with their reason
Why?
To
verify correctness of data

To allow for correction of failures
Old situation
Custody Transfer Data = Set of printouts
Current situation
Custody Transfer Data = Set of electronic files
What can be improved?

Metering Control Systems are made for:
Daily operation
and not for:

Technicians
Metering specialists
Auditors
Accounting staff
Purpose #1: Correctness of data
Are all settings correct?

Any changes in settings, SW or HW?
Calibrations performed in time?
Any maintenance applied?
Have measurement failures occurred?
Have tickets been corrected?
If so, how and why?
Purpose #2: Correction of failures
How big is the error (financial value)?

Is correction worth the trouble?
What is the best guess for the failed input?
How to accurately recalculate the ticket?
How to convince the Buyer?
What else can be improved?
Is the overall system accuracy within spec?

Why wasnt the frozen value detected earlier?
How is my meter doing?
Is any transmitter drifting?
Whats the density of water in all flowcomps?
Integral CT Data Management
Relational data (meter tickets & audit trail)

IT (data storage, cyber-security, integrity)
Configuration management (FC, EFM)
Detection
Overview
Correction
Mismeasurement detection
Flow computer alarms
But also:
Flow meter diagnostics
Smart transmitter diagnostics
QMI diagnostics
On-line data validation
On-line logical checks
Control Charts
CUSUM Charts
1.5
0.5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
Mismeasurement overview
CT data trend
Measurement Alarms
Historical Meter
Ticket Overview
.. with
Financial
Correction
Measurement Events
Mismeasurement correction
Best guess for failed input?

What was the correct setting?
How to recalculate the ticket?
How to convince the buyer?
System uncertainty
Metering equipment
Proving
Sampling
Laboratory analysis
Flow computers
Meter ticket recalculation
API MPMS 12.2
Proving (Meter factor)
Sampling (density, BS&W)
Meter ticket correction

Equipment failures
Faulty data entries
Failed field calibrations
Meter Ticket Recalculation

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
22.
BATCH NUMBER
TYPE OF LIQUID
METER CLOSING READING (DATE/TIME)
METER OPENING READING (DATE/TIME)
NET DELIVERY TIME
METER CLOSING READING
METER OPENING READING
INDICATED VOLUME
AVERAGE FLOW RATE
GROSS VOLUME
AVERAGE METER FACTOR
OBSERVED RELATIVE DENSITY
OBSERVED TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE DENSITY AT 60F
WEIGHTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTOR (CTLm)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE PRESSURE
PRESSURE CORRECTION FACTOR (CPLm)
COMBINED CORRECTION FACTOR (CCFm)
NET STD VOL AT 60F & 14.696 psia (0 psig)
NET STD VOL AT 15C & 101.325 kPa (0 kPa (ga))
NET WEIGHT
NET WEIGHT
050511
NG
05/06/11 00:00
05/05/11 00:00
24.001
23208593
23167330
41263
1705.4
41258.87
1.0001
0.0000
0.0
0.6646
94.4
0.9732
317.6
1.0044
0.9775
40355.30
6410.843
4185.52
4252.70
hours
bbl
bbl
bbl
bbl/h
bbl
F
F
psig
bbls
m3
long tons
metric tons
M
M

100000 bbl
65 API60
76 F
205 psi
GSV 99120 bbl
100000 bbl
65 API60
75 F
195 psi
GSV 99180 bbl
Up to 0.01% difference
at stable conditions
API MPMS 12.2
200000 bbl
65 API60
75.5 F
200 psi
GSV 198320 bbl

Significant difference
at highly fluctuating
conditions
For example
Flow computer
GSV = 37942 bbl
API MPMS 12.2
GSV = 37978 bbl
Up to 0.10%

1.
2.
3.
6.
7.
8.
11.
12.
13.
17.
18.
METER CLOSING READING (DATE/TIME)

METER OPENING READING (DATE/TIME)
NET DELIVERY TIME
METER CLOSING READING
METER OPENING READING
TOTAL VOLUME
AVERAGE FLOW RATE
AVERAGE DIFF PRESSURE
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE
AVERAGE STATIC PRESSURE
AVERAGE DENSITY
Inaccurate for
Gas
dP flow meters
q (dP x P)
05/06/11 00:00
05/05/11 00:00
24.001
23388.593
23167.330
221.263
221.012
23.12
113.3
1317.6
6.45
hours
MMSCF
MMSCF
MMSCF
MMSCFD
inch WC
F
psig
lb/SCF
FWA dP is useless
Meter Ticket Correction

Case : Temperature fails for 35 minutes
What is the additional uncertainty of the different

correction methods for liquid and gas ?

Basic conventional correction method
Optimal conventional correction method

New API MPMS Ch21 based correction method
* Patent pending *

Correction
Liquid
Turbine
Steady
Liquid
Turbine
Fluctuating
Gas
Orifice
FWA dP
Gas
Orifice
TWA dPxP
Basic correction
0.06%
0.83%
3.22%
0.30%
Optimal correction
0.02%
0.14%
3.22%
0.22%
API 21 based cor.
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
Relative to corrected quantity that would have been calculated at 1 sec resolution
Conclusions
Accurate correction is currently NOT possible for
many applications
New API 21 method is accurate for all meter
types, liquid and gas
Automation of Mismeasurement Management
makes systems smart
saves time and resources
avoids disputes with buyer
dumb
inaccurate
time-consuming
smart
accurate
time-saving
Smart, accurate and highly automated

Metering Control Systems
to achieve comprehensive and integral
Custody Transfer Data Management

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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Technical Proceedings-

November 21-23, 2011

Maintain Measurement Accuracy

CUSTODY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS

We are seeking the truth!

WHAT ACCURACY CAN BE

METERING +/- O.1 %

TYPICAL SYSTEM P&ID

DESIGN FOR LOWEST TOTAL

Where Y represents life of project, typically 20

OPERATING ENERGY COST

PUMPING COSTS DUE TO PRESSURE DROP

METER SELECTION FLOW RATE

METER SELECTION RULE OF

LINE EXTRACTION DEVICES

CONTROL ROOM OR SKID MOUNTED FLOW

CONTROL ROOM INSTRUMENTSFOR OPERATOR EASE

CONTROL ROOM INSTRUMENTS

TYPICAL HMI SCREEN

TYPICAL CRT SCREEN

Meter Performance Analysis

MAINTENANCE and CALIBRATION

Case Study - Metering

Duration: 5 years plus 5 x 1

Planning and Operations

Consultancy and Engineering

Client reputation protection

Planning and Operations (44)

Consultancy and Engineering (14)

CONTRACT BENEFITS: MANAGEMENT

CONTRACT BENEFITS: MANAGEMENT

Complete bespoke management system and infrastructure

Operating systems and procedures

Planning and scheduling tools

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards are at the

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

2. What is Standards Globalization?

Globalization is a process to enhance the

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

2. What is Standards Globalization? (Conted)

Exercise showed that Saudi Aramco is in the

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

Board of Engineers chaired by Engineering

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

More than 2300 standards; from which, more

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

More than 2300 standards; from which, more

CUSTODY MEASUREMENT STANDARDS GLOBALIZATION INITIATIVE

4. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards Structure

More than 2300 standards; from which, more