Best Training For Flow 1

Basic Engineering Skills for Technicians
[INSTRUMENT] BEST-I-L1-MF-01
Measuring Principles for

Flow
PREPARED BY : THIANFN
MLNG HRD DEPARTMENT
05/01/2010
MLNG Sdn Bhd
PROGARM: BASIC ENGINEERING SKILLS for TECHNICIANS

(BEST)
SUBJECT: BEST-I-L1-MF-01
Measuring principle - Flow
DURATION: ½ DAY
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the program, trainees will be able to :
1. Describe the working principles of various flow meters.
2. Understand the various flow meters installations.

January 5, 2010 [MEASURING PRINCIPLES FOR FLOW]
Contents
1. General
2. Variable Area Meters
3. Orifice Measurements
4. Venturi Meters
5. Vortex Meters
6. Magnetic Flow Meters
7. Turbine Meters
8. Positive Displacement Meters
9. Mass Flow Meters
10. Ultrasonic Flow Meters
11. Exercise
Any corrections, comments and contributions to up-date and further improve this learning module
will be gratefully acknowledged by MLNG HRD Instrument Line Trainers - FN Thian or Guma Lapok.
B MLNG HRD INSTRUMENT TRAINING – BEST-I-L1-MF-01 Page - 1 - 49

1. General




2. Variable Area Meters


3. Orifice Measurements
















4. Venturi Meters






5. Vortex Meters



6. Magnetic Flow Meters


7. Turbine Meters



8. Positive Displacement Meters



9. Mass Flow Meters




10 Ultrasonic Flow Meters



Installation requirements
 Ultrasonic flow meters can be installed at any point in the pipe run. In horizontal lines, nozzles
shall be in the horizontal plane to avoid the collection of debris. Locations having high noise, such
as cavitating or noisy control valves, should be avoided. The meter shall not be installed directly
downstream of sources of aeration, such as cavitating pumps, throttling valves or an aerating
mixing tank.
NOTE: Where horizontal positioning of nozzles in horizontal lines causes
interference with adjacent piping, the nozzles may be mounted at a 45 degrees angle.
 Care shall be taken if an ultrasonic flow meter and a low noise control valve are installed in the
same pipe. Certain high frequencies produced by a low noise control valve may interfere with the
measuring signals of the ultrasonic flow meter. A special silencer may have to be installed
between the meter and this type of control valve. This silencer will filter out the high frequency
signal produced by the low noise valve which interferes with the signal produced by the ultrasonic
flow meter. If sufficient distance is available between the flow meter and the low noise valve, this
special silencer may not be necessary.
 Bending of the ultrasonic probes or torque acting on the probes will affect their measuring
accuracy. The probes shall be aligned towards each other. This is particularly important if the
probes have to be installed in existing pipe work (e.g. flare stacks).
 Upstream and downstream straight lengths shall be as specified by the Supplier.
 If a clamp-on ultrasonic flow meter is used, it shall be safeguarded against shifting of the sensors.
A rigid sensor mounting construction shall be used and the sonic coupling compound shall be
selected in accordance with the pipe design temperatures. The pipe surface shall be smoothened
prior to installation of the sensors. On horizontal process lines the longitudinal axis of sensors
shall be in the horizontal plane. If clamp-on meters are installed on existing pipe runs,
measurements will be inaccurate if scaling or deposits are present on the inner wall of the pipe.
Typical ultrasonic flow meters installed on fixed spool and clamp-on pipe is shown below.

Typical Ultrasonic flow meter interconnection diagram for 2 path transducers.
INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM 2 PATH (W/OUT PRESS. & TEMP. INPUTS)
11 Exercise
1. Flow meters can be grouped into Direct and Inferential types. Which of the following flow
meters refer to:- i) Direct and ii) Inferential ?
 Head meters , Velocity meters , Mass meters , Positive displacement meters
2. Establish differential pressure and transmitter output (t/d & mA) relationship when a
ΔP transmitter (range = 0 to 100 mbar for flow rate = 0 to 200 t/d) is selected to LINEAR and
SQUARE ROOT mode.
Input Transmitter Output

LINEAR SQ ROOT
ΔP mbar (t/d) mA (t/d) mA
0
25
50
75
100

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Basic Engineering Skills for Technicians

Measuring Principles for

PROGARM: BASIC ENGINEERING SKILLS for TECHNICIANS

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the program, trainees will be able to :

1. Describe the working principles of various flow meters.

2. Understand the various flow meters installations.

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2. Variable Area Meters

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6. Magnetic Flow Meters

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8. Positive Displacement Meters

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9. Mass Flow Meters

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10 Ultrasonic Flow Meters

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Typical Ultrasonic flow meter interconnection diagram for 2 path transducers.

INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM 2 PATH (W/OUT PRESS. & TEMP. INPUTS)

 Head meters , Velocity meters , Mass meters , Positive displacement meters

Input Transmitter Output