:

: Architecture - fire safety

: Electrical - fire Alarm
:Mechanical - fire fighting
.
:
:NFPA - .
:FOC - .

.
:
- .
30
.
- .
-
.
- .

Fire fighting sys classification
1- Water sys
2-Gas sys
:
Sprinkler sys - .
Hazel sys - .
Fire hydrant sys - .
:
Fire Extinguisher - .
FM-200, CO2, FE-13 - .


:
- Combustion material
- Oxygen
-
Ignition temperature

.


. .
:Automatic sprinkler sys
:
- ....... Glass type

.
- ....... Fusible link type
.
68 110.


.
: ". 1/2" or 3/4
:
: Pendant type sprinkler -
.
:Up right sprinkler -
.
:Side wall sprinkler -
.


:
:Intermediate level sprinkler -

.
: Corrosion resistant sprinkler -
.
: Decorative sprinkler -
.
:
-
-
-
-
-
-

. No of sprinkler
. Distance
. GPM
Head.
. Water tank
. Size of pipe

) (
.

:


- Light Hazard : ............. .
-
............... .
- Ordinary Hazard :
- Group (1) : .
2- Group (2):-



.
3- Extra Hazard:
1- Group (1):
37.8 .......... .
2- Group (2): .
Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler:
.
.
Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler
Area
Distance between
Hazard
2
)sprinkler (m
) (m
Light Hazard
18.6
4.6
Ordinary Hazard
12.1
4.6
Extra Hazard
9.3
3.7

: 2 .

) (Head .

Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler

Area
Distance between
Hazard
)sprinkler (m
)(m2
Light Hazard
15
4.2
Ordinary Hazard
11.5 - 12
3.7
Extra Hazard
8
3


-:
-
-
-
-

.
102 .

.

.

Sprinkler Operation Area: .

5 30
. .

)Area (m2
139
139
232

Hazard
Light Hazard
Ordinary Hazard
Extra Hazard

-:
.

.
.

Hydraulic Calculation
,
:
No of Sprinkler = Area / Area coverage per Sprinkler

1- Main line:
2- Cross Main:
3- Branch line:


-:
2

Area = 10 X 20 = 200 m
No of Sprinkler = 200 / 12.1= 17 sprinkler
. 18

Q gpm = 29.83 C d2 (P psi) 1/2
Where:
d: Sprinkler Diameter in inch.
Psi = Ft (head) X 0.433
C: material of Sprinkler.
We have (C, d) are constant for sprinkler
So we get:
Q gpm = K (P psi) 1/2
K: constant for sprinkler
Nominal orifice
Size (in)

Orifice type

K Factor

1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
17/32

Small
Small
Small
Small
Standard
Large

1.3 1.5
1.8 2.0
2.6 2.9
4.0 4.4
5.3 5.8
7.4 8.2

Percent of
nominal 1/2"
Discharge
25
33.3
50
75
100
140

5.65 = K
. K
Q=AX
Where:Q: minimum flow required
A: area of coverage
: required density
.

. Hydraulic Calculation
.130 Ft2 -
-
No of Operated Sprinkler = A operative / A operative per sprinkler
= 1500 / 130 = 11.54 = 12 Sprinkler.

No of Sprinkler across branch =

1.2 X (A operation) 1/2


Distance between sprinklers across branch
= 1.2 X (1500) 0.5 / 13 = 3.57 = 4 Sprinkler.
-

.

-
.
-:
- ) : (1 .
- ) : (2 ) (Bl-1 ,1 . 1
- ) : (3 q Q .
Q = q in Sp No 1 + q in Sp No 2
- ) : (4
.
- ) : (5 .
- ) : (6 .
- ) : (7 .
- ) : (8 Pt Pe
Pf .
- ) : (10
q = K X (P) 0.5
P q .K=5.65

Step No

For Ordinary Hazard, Group (1), 1500 Ft2

Nozzle
Location
1

Bl-1

Flow
in
gpm

Bl-1

Bl-1

DN

RN

Cm
to
Bl-2

1"
T =13
L = 13
F=0
1.25"

1.5"

Q =85.4

1.5"

2T

Bl-3
to
cm
Cm
to
F.F

UG
Cro
wn

Q =172

Q =260.4

2.5"

Pf= 1.6
Pt = 15.1
Pe =
Pf= 1.7

L = 20.5
F = 16

Pt = 16.8
Pe =

T =36.5

Pf= 8.6

L = 10

Pt = 25.4
0.07

Pe =

T =10

Pf= 0.7

L = 10
F=

Pt = 26.1
Pe =
0.109
Pf= 1.1
Pt =27.2
Pe =

T =10
L = 70
F=

2.5"

3"

0.125

Pf= 1.6
Pt = 13.5
Pe =

T =13

F=

2"

q
=88.4
Q =260.4

0.124

Pt = 11.9
Pe =

0.237

q = 86.6

Bl-2
to
Bl-3

C120

Pressure
summary

0.132

q=23.2
Q=85.4

Friction
losses psi

T =13
L = 13
F=0

q=22
Q=62.2

Equiv.
pipe
length
L = 13
F=0

q=20.7
Q=40.2

Pipe
Fitting

q=
Q=19.5

Pipe
size

0.233
E
AV

Pf= 16.3
Pt =43.5
Pe = 6.5

T =70
L = 119
F = 21

Normal
pressure

D=0.15
gpm
K=5.65
q=AX =
130X0.15
=19.5
p=11.9
q=
5.65X
13.50.5=20.7

q=
5.65X
15.10.5=22

q=
5.65X
16.80.5=23.2

K = 85.4 /
25.40.5 =
16.95

q=
19.95X 26.10.5
= 86.6

q=
19.95X 27.20.5
= 88.4

Pe = 15 X
0.433 = 6.5

0.081
GV

T =140

E
GV

L = 50
F =32.2

Pf= 11.3
C150

Pt =61.3
Pe =

Copper=
21X 1.51 =
32.2


0.061
Pf= 5
P t = 66.3

Q =260.4

pipe

T =82.2

:
= .
13 = L , F
. 13 = T
q =A X = 130
0.15gpm/ft2 , 9
q = 130 X 0.15 = 19.5 gpm.
q = K X (P) 0.5
P = [19.5 / 5.65] 2 = 11.9 psi.
40
100 psi
30 / 100 X 0.433 = 0.124 psi / Ft
0.124 X 13 = 1.6 psi
+

Pt2 = 1.6 + 11.9 = 13.5 psi

q , Q
0.5
q = 5.65 X (13.5) = 20.7 gpm.
Q = 20.7 + 19.5 = 40.2 gpm.
. 3
4
T 2 T
. T = 8 Ft
5 q = 85.4 = p
25.4 q, p

k
K = 85.4 / (25.4) 0.5 = 16.95
6 k = 16.95

7 p q Q k
". 2.5
8 " 3 ,
90 Pe
.
9

Q = 260.4 gpm, P = 66.3 psi

Pipe Schedule
:
- .
- .
- .Extra Hazard
.
.
15psi Light ordinary 20 psi residual pressure
losses residual pressure
total pressure . gpm
density = 0.15 . 1500 ft2 = working area
gpm = 1500 X 0.15 = 225
. operative area . 12
gpm / sp = 100 / 225 = 19 gpm per sprinkler
. pipe sch
19 gpm .

Light hazard pipe schedule

Copper
2 Sprinkler
3 Sprinkler
5 Sprinkler
12 Sprinkler
40 Sprinkler
65 Sprinkler
115 Sprinkler

steel
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4

1
2 Sprinkler
1
3 Sprinkler
1
5 Sprinkler
2
10 Sprinkler
2
30 Sprinkler
3
60 Sprinkler
3
100 Sprinkler
4
For SI Unite 1 in.= 25.4mm

52000 Ft2 ) (4831m2 100

.Ordinary Hazard

Ordinary Hazard Pipe Schedule

steel
1
2 Sprinkler
1
3 Sprinkler
1
5 Sprinkler
2
10 Sprinkler
2
20 Sprinkler
3
40 Sprinkler
3
65 Sprinkler
4
100 Sprinkler
5
160 Sprinkler
6
275 Sprinkler
For SI Unite 1 in.= 25.4mm

Copper
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
6

2 Sprinkler
3 Sprinkler
5 Sprinkler
12 Sprinkler
25 Sprinkler
45 Sprinkler
75 Sprinkler
115 Sprinkler
180 Sprinkler
300 Sprinkler

Extra Hazard Pipe Schedule:steel

1
1 Sprinkler
1
2 Sprinkler
1
5 Sprinkler
2
8 Sprinkler
2
15 Sprinkler
3
27 Sprinkler
3
40 Sprinkler
4
55 Sprinkler
5
90 Sprinkler
6
150 Sprinkler
For SI Unite 1 in.= 25.4mm

Copper
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
6

1 Sprinkler
2 Sprinkler
5 Sprinkler
8 Sprinkler
20 Sprinkler
30 Sprinkler
45 Sprinkler
65 Sprinkler
100 Sprinkler
170 Sprinkler

. (2323 m2) 25000 Ft2

Fire Hose
-:
Hose Reel: - Rubber .
:Hose Rack -
.
1 or 1 100 gpm , 4.5 bar
2 250 gpm . 4.5 bar
3 :
:Exposed - 25 .
:Semi predated - 10 15.
:Recessed - .

: Hose Cabinet
-
-
-
-
-

.
.
30 Travel Distance
6 .
.
90 150 .

, Fire Hydrant
30 2.5 4.5 bar . 250 gpm


Dry Riser 4 check
Valve Riser Siemens Connection Landing Valve
Siemees Connection
:
.
.
.

(zone control valve) ZV :

-

:Gate Valve OS&Y Gate Valve with Temp. Switch

:Pressure Gage .
:Water flow Switch .
: Glass Valve Test
:Glass Tube .
:Drain Valve .

Drain & Test Valve Valve

Pump Selection
250 gpm
4.5 bar
riser 250 gpm 1250 gpm
.1250 gpm .
3 header
Electrical pump -
Diesel pump -
Jucking pump -
,


gpm 15: 10

psi 245 psi 240 . psi 230
centefigual gpm 15 head = 30 ft
50 80 .
Split case pump
Head & gpm

-:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

Q H .
.
Q % 150 H % 65 .
Shut down pressure % 140
FM & UL
Net positive suction head 10 .psi 20
25 . gpm 5000

Q1 / Q2 = N1 / N2 = D1 / D2
H1 / H2 = N1 / N2 = D1 / D2
Bph 1 / bph 2 = N1 / N2 = D1 / D2
1450 rpm

2900 rpm

)pressure reducing (prv
valve prv
9 psi 10
- :
- header cavitations
- .


- :
: Check Valve -
: Gate Valve -
:Flexible Connection -
: Strainer -
:Flow Meter - gpm.
- Insulator Rubber

- " 2

-:
test pump 13.6 bar 1.5
24
% 5 .
.
expansion joint

Water Tank

Time
30 : 60 min
90 : 120 min
120 min

Hazard
Light Hazard
Ordinary Hazard
Extra Hazard

-:
750 gpm Ordinary Hazard

= V = 750 gpm X 90 min X 3.785 / 1000
Say tank volume equal to = 100 m3
-:
-1 60
-2
-3
-4 10 pressure drop
cavitations anti vortex plate


plate 2.5 D
-5 paddle flange

-6 .
-7 " 4 Over Flow alarm
-8 drain pipe 50 cm X 50 cm
10 cm .
make up pipe -9 4
Vent pipe 10 wire mesh

-11 Flow Valve
-12 branch 30
20 .

Fire Extinguishers


Definitions: Class A Fire:
Class B Fire:
Class C Fire:
Class D Fire:
Classification of Hazard:rdinary: Class A & BLight: Class A & little of Class B
O
Extra: Class A & B but with large quantity.
Selection of Extinguishers:
Class A Fire: Water or Dry Chemical
Class B Fire: Foam, FFFP, AFFF, CO2, Dry Chemical.
Class C Fire: Co2, Dry Chemical.
Class D Fire: According to Material & its chap bars or not