TYPES

OF IMMUNITY
Natural Immunity - also called in born/ inherent immunity
- Physical barrier: skin,
Chemical barrier: substance produced by the body
Cellular barrier: T & B lymphocytes
Acquired Immunity
Herpes zoster - follows the nerve endings; very painful because its on top of nerves

ACQUISITION OF IMMUNITY

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Acquired Immunity
A.
Natural
exposed to antigen by
having the disease
Ex. Chickenpox
B.
Artificial
immunization with
antigen
Ex. Vaccines, toxoids
A.
Natural
transplacental &
colostrums transfer
from mother to child
Ex. Breastfeeding
B.
Artificial
ready-made
antibodies
Ex. HTIG

NATURAL

ACTIVE (infection)

Temporary, several
weeks

Temporary, several
months

PASSIVE (maternal)

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

IMMUNITY

ARTIFICIAL

PASSIVE (antibody transfer)

INNATE IMMUNITY

ACTIVE (immunization)

immediate

Several years;
extended protection
with booster doses

Duration
Long term, often
lifetime

Development
Develops slowly,
protective level
reached in a few
weeks
Develops slowly,
protective levels
reached in a few
weeks
immediate

THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1. HUMORAL IMMUNITY (antibody mediated immunity)
Dominated by B lymphocytes
Works mainly against:
- Antigens dissolved in body fluids
- Extracellular pathogen (bacteria)
Presence of antigen recognized by T helper cells activated by B cells become plasma cells - ANTIBODIES
Antibodies are specific gamma globulins; also called immunoglobulin

TYPES OF ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTION

Agglutination clumping of cells

Precipitation soluble antigens, when crossed with antibodies, may become insoluble;
phagocytic cells more readily ingest insoluble materials
Neutralization antibodies combine with the toxins, neutralizing their effects
Lysis antibodies attack cell membrane of antigens
Opsonization fixation of complement and Ig particles

2. CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Dominated by T lymphocytes
Needs the signal of TCR and APC for immune response to occur
When you insert a correct key (antigen) in the ignition (TCR) and turn it, the car starts
(recognition), but the car does not move forward until you move the gear shift into the drive
(co-stimulation)