Chapter - 3 Environmental Base Line Data 3.1 General

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Urban Environmental Engineering
EIA for Metro Depot at Central Park Kolkata for E-W Metro Corridor
CHAPTER 3
ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA
3.1
GENERAL
The objective of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to ascertain the baseline

environmental conditions and then assess the impacts as a result of the proposed
project during various phases of the project cycle. Identification of environmental
parameters, data collection and impact predictions form the core of Environmental
Assessment process. A Scoping matrix has been formulated to identify the attributes
likely to be affected due to proposed project and presented as Table 3.1. The
environmental baseline includes inventory of physical, ecological and socio-economic
parameters. The data has been compiled for:
Land Environment (land use, geology, seismology and soils);

Water Environment (water resources, water use, water quality, hydrology);
Air Environment (air quality);
Noise Environment (noise levels);
Ecological Environment (terrestrial ecology); and
Socio-Economic Environment (demography, socio-economic, public health)
Based on environmental scoping matrix and project setting, the attributes likely to be
affected are identified for baseline data generation. The information presented in this
chapter has been collected from various sources. Majority of data has been collected
from field studies. Field studies have been carried out in July 2007 to generate primary
data on water, noise, soil, air quality, ecology and socio-economics at the project site.
Formal and informal discussions were held with the local people, project affected people
and local government/non-government organizations. These have provided very useful
information, which have been integrated while preparing this report. Information on
project facilities, size, magnitude and cost of the construction activities, geology and,
seismology of the project site has been taken from the Supplementary DPR (May, 2007).
Photographs of field visits are placed as Annexure-3.1
Study of literature, books, maps and reports have also provided useful secondary data
on the project. The methodology adopted for data collection is highlighted wherever
necessary and the frequency adopted for data collection for environmental attributes is
summarized in Table 3.2.
TABLE 3.1
SCOPING MATRIX
Likely Impacts
Aspect Of Environment
A.
LAND ENVIRONMENT
Construction Phase
Change of land use
Pollution by construction spoils
Problems due to muck disposal from work camp
B.
WATER RESOURCES & WATER QUALITY
Construction Phase
Increase in turbidity of nearby receiving water
bodies
Degradation of water quality due to disposal of
wastes from construction sites.
Operation Phase
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Increase of water demand

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Aspect Of Environment
Likely Impacts
Impact to water quality of water body by sewage
water
Oil/fuel and waste spills
Use of rain water harvesting
C.
TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
Construction Phase
Loss of trees
Operation Phase
D.
SOCIO-ECONOMICS
Construction Phase
Operation Phase
E.
AIR POLLUTION
Construction Phase
Green belt development

Land Acquisition
Improved employment potential during project
construction phase
Development of allied sectors leading to greater
employment.
Pressure on existing infrastructure facilities such
as electric line, etc.
Real estate value enhancement and increased
commercial activity
Impacts due to emissions generated by

construction machinery and Diesel Generator sets
Increase in SPM
Impacts due to increased vehicular movement
Less air pollution
Noise due to operation of various equipment

Noise due to increased vehicular movement
Noise due to more human activities
Operation Phase
G. Traffic Pattern
Construction Phase
Impact on Noise from Depot
Operation Phase
H.
PUBLIC HEALTH
Construction Phase
Traffic congestion due to construction material

truck movement
Increased traffic
Operation Phase
Operation Phase
F.
NOISE POLLUTION
Construction Phase
Increased incidence of water related diseases

Transmission of diseases by immigrant labour
population
Less diseases due to less pollution
TABLE 3.2
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING
S.
No
Attribute
LAND ENVIRONMENT
1
Soil
2
Geology
3
Seismology
CHAPTER 3
Parameter
Soil Characteristics
Geological Status
Seismic Hazard
3.2
Frequency
Source
--------
Field studies and project report

Literature review
Literature review
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S.
No
Attribute
Parameter
Frequency
WATER ENVIRONMENT
4
Water Quality
Physical, Chemical and

Biological parameters
AIR, NOISE AND METEOROLOGY
5
Ambient Air Quality
RSPM, SPM, SO2,,NOx,
CO, HC
6
Meteorology
Temperature,
Relative
humidity, Rainfall
7
Noise
Noise levels in dB (A)
SCIO-ECONOMIC
8
Socio-economic
Socio-economic
characteristic
of
the
aspects
affected area
3.2
Source
One Season
Field studies/literature review
One Season
Field Studies/literature review
Data
India Meteorological
Department/literature review
Field monitoring
One Season
---
Field Studies, Literature review.
PHYSIOGRAPHY
Kolkata is located in eastern India at 2233 N, 8820 E in the Ganges Delta at an

elevation ranging between 1.5 to 9 metres. It is spread linearly along the banks of the
River Hooghly in a north-south direction. Much of the city was originally a vast wetland,
reclaimed over the decades to accommodate the city's burgeoning population. The
Sundarbans National Park separates the city from the Bay of Bengal, which is located
about 154 km to the south. The slope is about 0.3m per km. Kolkata is situated mainly on
densely consolidated alluvial soil of quaternary period. The upper layer of soil is,
however, presumed to be of tertiary and Mesozoic periods.
3.3
SOILS AND GEOLOGY
Like the most of the Indo-Gangetic plains, the predominant soil type is alluvial.
Quaternary sediments consisting of clay, silt, various grades of sand and gravel underlie
the city. These sediments are sandwiched between two clay beds, the lower one at
depths between 250 and 650 m and the upper one ranging between 10 and 40 m in
thickness. Kolkatta Metropolitan area is located on the lower deltaic plain of the
composite Ganga-Bhagirathi delta and is covered by the sediments deposited by the
river system flowing through the area during quaternary era.
The sub surface geology of the area is completely obscured by a blanket of Recent
sediments. The upper 300m of sediments are of Quaternary era and consists of
alternations of clay, silt, sand and occasional pebble beds. Formation belonging to the
Quaternary system are principal depository of the ground water in the area. Although
lithological characters of these formations are fairly well known from the study of the
boreholes logs. The demarcation of the boundary between the Pleistocene and
Holocene ages in the vertical sequences has not been possible due to variety of reasons
like absence of lithological contrasts, texture, colour etc. and inadequacy of faunal and
floral evidences.
In order to ascertain the quality and nature of soil within the vicinity of the project site,
three soil sample were collected from the Depot Site. The sample were tested for
physical and chemical properties. The results of soil analysis is presented in Table 3.3
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3.3
S.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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TABLE 3.3
PHYSIO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS
Sample /Parameter
Soil Sample
Soil sample
Soil Sample
Near Gate
backside of
Near lake
office building
pH
7.1
6.8
7.3
Texture
Sand (%)
Silt (%)
Clay (%)
Nitrogen (%)
Phosphate (%)
K (%)
Ca (%)
Mg (%)
Na (%)
Organic matter (%)
72.8
10.1
17.1
0.16
0.018
0.084
0.24
<0.01
0.049
8.72
70.7
8.4
20.9
0.12
0.021
0.077
0.21
<0.01
0.042
8.32
81.30
7.8
10.9
0.05
0.012
0.062
0.11
<0.01
0.030
0.18
Source: Consultant study
Soil results shows that the soil is slightly alkaline is nature near gate and near lake. The
texture results shows that the soil is mostly sandy is nature.
3.4
HYDROLOGICAL FEATURES
Kolkata Municipal Corporation area is underlain by Quaternary sediment consisting of a

sequence of alternation of clay, silty clay, sand and sand mixed with occasional gravel.
The sediments exhibit typical deltaic deposition showing facies variation at a few places
with transition from aquiclude to aquitard. Sand and pebble form the aquifer materials.
Although clay lenses often occur within the sand beds and individuals sand beds often
tend to thicker and thin out depending upon sedimentary facies variation. The principal
productive aquifers generally occurs within the depth span of 60-180m. A minor aquifer
zone consisting of fine to medium sand has also been found to exist within the depth
span of 20-40m.
The average rainfall of 140-152cm observed in the area would ensure considerable
percolation to recharge the ground water aquifers. Ground water occurs both shallow
and deep under unconfined and confined conditions. In Ballyganj Dhakuria and Kasb
area shallow zone occurs under unconfined conditions at a depth of 12m below ground
level. In the western part of KMC area specially in Garden Barisha sector, aquifers upto
130m are brackish and those below 160m are fresh water. Where as in the north-east
sector Barish towards Kalighat the brackish-fresh water profile reverses with a thick
fresh water aquifer overlying the brakish water aquifers. This aquifer extends eastwards
to Jadavpur Kasba area. In Santoshpur area, brackish water aquifers occur from top to
a depth of 300m below ground level. In Fort William Ballyganj Beliaghata sector fresh
water aquifer occurs down to the depth of 120m and is underlain by brackish water
aquifer. In Dum Dum and Kasilpur areas fresh water aquifer exist from 12m to 200m
below ground level. Fresh water aquifer is also observed at a depth of 60-100m in
Kalighat Garia area. The ground water potential is reported about 90-120m 3/hour.
3.4.1
Surface Water Sources
The river Hoogly is the only source of surface water supply. During the British period,
sometime in 1870, a water works was set up at Palta about 30 Km North of the city to
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3.4
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harness river water. From Palta, water is taken down to Tala reservoirs along the
Barrackpore road from where the treated water is distributed to different parts of the city
through four zonal mains and a vast network of smaller water lines. Since long, the Pala
Tala system with a capacity 727 mld was the source of surface water for water supply
to the city. Due to rapid growth of population, increase in salinity in the Hoogly River,
excessive leakage through old pipe network and loss of pressure head due to long
conveyance, the situation becomes increasingly difficult to maintain adequate water
supply in the city. But with construction of Farakka Barrage and diversion of sweet water
to the river Hoogli there has been marked reduction in the salinity of river water. After the
establishment of the KMDA, developmental works for improvement of surface to KMC
and other towns in the Kolkatta Municipal area have been undertaken.
In seventies the water works at Palta was modernized. Subsequently two intermediate
reservoirs and booster pumping stations were set up at Raja Subodh Mallik Square and
Auckland Square. These have proved very effective in improving water supply to South
Kolkatta. In 1982 a new water works was set up at Garden Reach to supply water to new
KMC area like Behala, Garden Reach, Tollygunj and Jadavpur.
3.4.2
Ground water
Due to large-scale withdrawal of groundwater from the confined aquifers, a depression of

piezometric surface in Central and South Central Kolkata has developed. The magnitude
of the depression is 6-8 metres, and has developed over a period of about 40 years
(1958-98) in the core sector covering Narkeldanga- Park Circus Bhowanipur.
As a result, the general southerly flow in the confined aquifers has become radial in a
much larger area surrounding the cone of depression. The central part of Kolkata
Municipal Corporation area is drawing water from all directions resulting in its radial flow.
The predominance of impervious clay in the near surface strata of Kolkata area and its
immediate neighborhood inhibits local recharge to deeper aquifers in Kolkata area. The
direction of ground water flow indicate that the recharge area for Kolkata region lies in
the north and western part of the Greater Kolkata region. The major aquifer of the
northern part of Greater Kolkata are interconnected with the near surface ground water
sand beds at Kalyani-Ranaghat and Shantipur area in Nadia district.
In the west, the Cis Damodar belt similarly has extensive near surface sand beds of
considerable thickness. Extensive sand is acquired from these along the belt from
Tarakeswar - Nalikul Mogra to Pandua and adjoining region. These sand beds form
favourable zones of intense recharge.
3.4.3
WATER QUALITY
Water availability and its quality will play a significant role in the project. In the extreme
northern part (North of Shyambazar area) chloride concentration in ground water is
above 5000mg/l. Similarly in the western part of Alipur i.e. in Garden Reach and adjacent
area the chloride concentration in ground water is above 500mg/l. In the area lying
between Beleaghata and Park Street chloride concentration in ground water is between
250mg/l and 500 mg/l. In Garia Jadavpur sector chloride concentration in ground water
is within 250 mg/l. In the extreme northern part of KMC area iso-conductance value is
above 2000 micro siemen/cm at 25OC. In Park Street Camac Street, Shyambazar,
B.B.D. Bag and Dhapa areas iso-conductance value is between 1500-2000 micro
siemen/cm at 25OC. In Sealdhah Beleghata Narkeldanga area and Garia Putiari
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Behala area iso-conductance value is between 1000-1500 micro siemen/cm at 25OC. In

Garden Reach area iso-conductance value is more than the 1000 micro siemen/cm at
25OC. Ground water occurring in the alluvial sediments show much variation in their
chemical character.
In order to collect baseline data on the existing water quality, one ground water and two
surface water sample were collected in the project study area and analyzed as per the
procedure specified in standard methods for examination of water and wastewater
published by American Public Health Association and the Bureau of Indian Standards
(APHA/BIS). The results of the physio-chemical analysis are summarized in the Table
3.4 The results of the samples shows that all the parameters tested are with in the
desisable lime as per IS: 10500/91
S.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
TABLE 3.4
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES
Parameter
Location
Desirable
limit As
Surface
per IS:
Water
10500/91
Ground
Lake
Sample of
(Max.)
water
Water
tank
Sample
Sample
backside
of office
pH Value
7.4
7.6
7.7
8.5
TDS (mg/l)
TSS (mg/l)
Iron as Fe (mg/l)
Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l)
Chloride as Cl (mg/I)
Calcium as CaCO3 (mg/l)
Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l)
Total Alkalinit as HCO3
(mg/l)
Nitrates as NO 3 (mg/l)
Fluorides as F (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
BOD3 (mg/l)
Faecal Coliform/100ml
ND-Not Detectable
3.5
245
21
ND
0.2
71
19
20
58
229
15
ND
0.2
6
26
4
117
288
14
ND
0.3
91
30
16
67
500
0.3
250
75
200
200
2.4
45
<1
4
1
-
1.1
7
2
Absent
1.1
11
4
Absent
1
-
Permissible
limit as per
IS:10500/91
(Max.)
No
Relaxation
2000 Max
1 Max
100
200
400
600
No
Relaxation
1.5
-
VEGETATION/FORESTRY
The project area is the urban area. There is no forest at the site earmarked for Depot.
Trees do exist. Tree survey was carried to count the exact number of trees in the depot
area. The main species are Peepal, Jam, Jamun, Royal, Imli, Neem, Ber, Eucalyptus,
Mango. No rare or endangered species of trees were noticed during field studies. Most
of the trees contain average girth size of about 30cm. About 220 trees exist on the depot
site. An inventory of trees is presented in Table 3.5. It is observed that most of the trees
are along the boundary wall which needs not to be cut. It is presumed that only 40% of
the total trees i.e. around 90 tree will be cut.
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TABLE 3.5
TREES AT THE DEPOT SITE
Tree Species
Inside the campus
Inside the campus
along the boundary
wall
Peepal,
10
25
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jam,
Jamun,
Royal,
Imli,
Neem,
Ber,
Eucalyptus
Mangos
S.No
Total
Source: Consultant Field Study
3.6
13
7
13
7
20
7
2
10
89
Grand Total
16
20
18
4
25
2
12
9
131
220
METEOROLOGY AND AIR QUALITY
Meteorology is an important parameter in environmental impact assessment exercise. All

air pollutants emitted by point and non-point sources are transported, dispersed or
concentrated by meteorological and topographical conditions. The main parameters are:
temperature, humidity, rainfall, winds and cloud cover. The meteorology and air
environment of the area are discussed in subsequent sections.
3.6.1
Meteorology
Kolkata has a tropical climate. The annual mean temperature is 26.8 C (80 F). Monthly
mean temperatures range from 19 C to 30 C (67 F to 86 F). Summers are hot and
humid and maximum temperatures often exceed 40 C (104 F) during May and June.
Winter tends to last for only about two and a half months, with seasonal lows dipping to
12 C 14 C (54 F 57 F) between December and January. The highest recorded
temperature is 43.9 C (113 F) and the lowest is 5 C (41 F). Often during early
summer, dusty squalls followed by spells of thunderstorm and heavy rains lash the city,
bringing relief from the humid heat. These thunderstorms are convective in nature, and is
locally known as Kal baisakhi (Nor'westers).
Rains brought by the Bay of Bengal branch of South-West monsoon lash the city
between June and September and supplies the city with most of its annual rainfall of
1,582 mm. The highest rainfall occurs during the monsoon in August (306 mm). The city
receives 2,528 hours of sunshine per annum, with the maximum sunlight occurring in
March. Regional Meteorology Department, Kolkata monitors meteorological parameters
for Kolkata. Table 3.6 shows the mean maximum, mean minimum. mean total rainfall
and mean number of rainy day of Kolkata.
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TABLE 3.6
MEAN TEMPERATURE, MEAN RAINFALL AND MEAN NUMBER OF RAINY DAYS IN
KOLKATA
Month
Mean Temperature OC
Mean Total Mean Number
Rainfall
of Rainy Days
Daily Minimum
Daily Maximum
(mm)
January
13.9
26.6
16.8
0.9
February
16.9
29.7
22.9
1.5
March
21.7
34.0
32.8
2.3
April
25.1
36.3
47.7
3.0
May
26.4
36.0
101.7
5.9
June
26.5
34.1
259.9
12.3
July
26.1
32.2
331.8
16.8
August
26.1
32.0
328.8
17.2
September
25.8
32.2
295.9
13.4
October
24.0
31.9
151.3
7.4
November
18.9
29.8
17.2
1.1
December
14.3
27.0
7.4
0.4
Source: http://education.vsnl.com/calweather/calidx.htm
3.6.2
Air Quality in KMA
For the City of Kolkata, monitoring of ambient air quality dates back to 1972. The
monitoring stations recorded only SPM level between 1972-78, but added SO2 and NOx
from 1978. This system continued to function till 1988, under Global Environmental
Monitoring System (GEMS) programme conducted by National Environmental
Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur. The Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB) began monitoring at four stations in Howra in 1978. The West Bengal Pollution
Control Board (WBPCB) contracted Centre for Study of Man and Environment (CSME)
and the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health (AIIHPH) in 1972 to monitor
SPM, SO2, NOx at eight additional stations of Greater Kolkata.
The results of analysis of secondary data show that in the KMA area, the SPM values
are fairly high in the range of 400 micrograms per cubic meter. The annual mean SO2
concentration is comparatively less and is generally below 20 micrograms per cubic
meter. The annual mean NO X concentration indicates an increasing trend, reaching
around 70 microgram per cubic metre. Though SPM concentration is higher than
permissible limit, SO2 and NO 2 were lower in ambient air quality of KMC.
According to Central Pollution Control Board, vehicular emission load in Kolkata is 312
tons/day. Carbon dioxide is 203 tons/day, Hydrocarbons 47 tons/day, Nitrogen Oxides
53 tons/day and others 9 tons/day. The SPM, SO2 and NO x at traffic intersections were
reported in increasing trend with the increase in vehicles in the city.
Lead was detected at traffic intersections in past when leaded petrol was in use in
vehicles. Now lead was reported in the range of 0.96 microgram per cubic meter to 7.42
micro gram per cubic meter.
The main fuels used in vehicles are petrol and diesel. The main pollutants that come out
from the exhaust of vehicular engines are:
Carbon dioxide;
Carbon monoxides;
Oxides of Nitrogen,
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Oxides of Sulphur,
Hydrocarbon, and
Particulate Matter.
In addition to above pollutants, unburnt products like aldehydes, formaldehydes,

acrolein, acetaldehyde and smoke would also be emitted from petrol and diesel operated
vehicles. The concentration of these pollutants in the engine exhaust varies with the
type of engine namely, spark ignition (petrol engine) or compression ignition (diesel
engine) two stroke or four stroke engines; and also mode of engine operation. Table 3.7
gives the emission factor of major pollutants from petrol (SI), diesel (CI) and CNG
engines. Diesel exhaust concentration of hydrocarbons is more than that of SI engine
exhaust. Carbon monoxide concentrations in diesel engine exhaust is negligible to that
of S I engines. Concentrations of oxides of nitrogen is more in diesel exhaust. Thus
diesel engine exhaust contains lower concentrations of harmful pollutants like
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and therefore, it is less hazardous
West Bengal pollution control is carrying out ambient air quality monitoring in Kolkata at
different location for SPM, RSPM, SO2, and NOx on daily basis. Average value of
monitoring results for Kolkata is presented in Table 3.8 for the month of July 2007 and a
graphical representation is shown in Figure 3.1. Ambient air monitoring is also carried
out by WBPCB at Salt Lake area. The result of the air monitoring at Salt Lake carried out
by WBPCB is presented in Table 3.9 and the graphical representation is given in Figure
3.2. As a part of this study, ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) has been carried out
by setting up ambient air quality monitoring stations at the Depot site during July 2007.
Result of ambient air quality monitoring carried out by the consultant at Depot site is
presented in Table 3.10. The parameters monitored are RSPM, SPM, SO2, NOx , CO
and HC. The ambient air quality data indicates all the parameters are less than the
prescribed limits established by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Table 3.11
shows the ambient air quality standards
FIGURE 3.1
AVERAGE VALUE OF MONITORING RESULTS FOR THE KOLKATA
140
120
Concentration ( g/m )
100
SPM
RPM
SO2
NOx
80
60
40
30-7-2013
29-7-2012
28-7-2012
27-7-2011
26-7-2011
25-7-2010
24-7-2010
23-7-2009
22-7-2009
21-7-2008
20-7-2008
19-7-2007
18-7-2007
17-7-2007
16-7-2007
15-7-2007
14-7-2007
12/7/2007
13-7-2007
11/7/2007
9/7/2007
10/7/2007
8/7/2007
7/7/2007
6/7/2007
5/7/2007
4/7/2007
3/7/2007
2/7/2007
1/7/2007
20
Date
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FIGURE 3.2
MONITORING RESULTS FOR THE SALT LAKE AREA
140
120
Concentration (g/m )
100
80
SPM
60
RPM
SO2
NOx
40
29-7-2007
25-7-2007
22-7-2007
19-7-2007
13-7-2007
9/7/2007
7/7/2007
5/7/2007
20
Date
TABLE 3.7
EMISSION FACTORS FOR DIFFERENT VEHICLES
TYPE
PCG/MUVG Passenger
Car gasoline (PGCL)
Multilevel Utility Vehicle
Gasoline (MUVG)
PCD/MUVD
Passenger Car Diesel
(PCD) Multi utility
Vehicle Diesel (MUVD)
LCV
Trucks
Bus
2 Wheelers 2 stroke
2 Wheelers 4 stroke
CHAPTER 3
NORMS
India Stage 2000 norms (Euro-I)
Bharat Stage-II (Euro-II)
Bharat Stage-III (Euro-III)
Bharat Stage-IV (Euro-IV)
2001-2005 norms (India Stage
2000 norms)
2005-2010 norms (Bharat Stage
II norms)
2000 norms)
3.10
CO
2.4
1.98
1.39
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.58
0.50
5.1
0.72
0.64
0.50
3.6
3.2
2.8
1.4
3.6
3.2
2.8
1.4
2.2
HC
0.48
0.25
0.15
0.126
0.25
0.13
0.05
0.056
0.14
0.063
0.056
0.030
0.87
0.97
0.77
0.39
0.87
0.87
0.77
0.39
2.13
NOx
0.39
0.2
0.12
0.127
0.59
0.5
0.45
0.5
1.28
0.59
0.50
0.025
6.3
5.5
5.0
2.45
12.6
11.0
10.0
4.9
0.06
PM
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.016
0.14
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.2
0.07
0.05
0.025
0.28
0.12
0.10
0.06
0.56
0.24
0.24
0.22
0.05
1.4
1.32
0.07
0.05
2.2
0.7
0.3
0.05
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TYPE
3 Wheelers 2 stroke
CNG Bus
3 Wheeler 2 Stroke
3 Wheeler 4 stroke
NORMS
II norms)
2000 norms)
II norms)
2001 Norms
2001 Norms
2001 Norms
CO
2.4
HC
0.7
NOx
0.3
PM
0.05
4.3
2.05
0.11
0.08
2.45
0.75
0.12
0.08
0.66
0.29
0.29
2.75
1.45
2.40
9.87
0.02
0.75
0.05
-----
TABLE 3.8
AVERAGE VALUE OF MONITORING RESULTS FOR THE KOLKATA
Date
SPM
RPM
SO2
NOx
3
3
3
g/m
g/m
g/m
g/m3
1-7-2007
77
30
4
33
2-7-2007
92
33
5
44
3-7-2007
74
33
4
31
4-7-2007
70
22
4
36
5-7-2007
84
30
5
45
6-7-2007
60
19
4
40
7-7-2007
61
22
5
41
8-7-2007
70
25
4
36
9-7-2007
103
42
5
47
10-7-2007
106
42
5
44
11-7-2007
117
45
5
48
12-7-2007
89
33
4
44
13-7-2007
103
42
5
46
14-7-2007
105
38
5
40
15-7-2007
100
35
6
45
16-7-2007
74
28
5
41
17-7-2007
63
22
5
38
18-7-2007
76
27
5
49
19-7-2007
92
32
4
49
Source http://wbpcb.gov.in
TABLE 3.9
MONITORING RESULTS FOR THE SALT LAKE AREA
Date
SPM
RPM
SO2
NOx
3
3
3
g/m
g/m
g/m
g/m3
5-7-2007
100
33
5
49
7-7-2007
61
22
5
41
9-7-2007
83
29
4
49
13-7-2007
103
42
5
46
19-7-2007
62
22
4
53
Source http://wbpcb.gov.in
CHAPTER 3
3.11
RITES LTD.
S. No.
Location
Central 4 PM to 12
Park
Midnight
Depot 12 Midnight
to 8 AM
8 AM to 4
PM
TABLE 3.10
AIR QUALITY AT PROJECT SITE
SPM
RSPM
SO2
NOx
g/m3
g/m3
g/m3
121.0
55.0
10.5
27.0
CO
g/m3
1.1
HC
g/m3
<10
187.0
90.01
<10.0
21.0
12
142.0
69.0
11.5
29.0
1.2
<10
Source: Consultant Study
TABLE 3.11
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (
g/m3)
Residential,
rural and other
Pollutants
Industrial area
Sensitive area
areas
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Annual Average*
80
60
15
24 hrs**
120
80
30
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)
Annual Average*
80
60
15
24 hrs**
120
80
30
Suspended Particulate Matter
SPM
Annual Average*
360
140
70
24 hrs**
500
200
100
Respirable Particulate
Matter(RPM)
(size less than 10um)
Annual Average*
120
60
50
24 hrs**
150
100
75
Lead (Pb)
Annual Average*
1
0.75
0.5
24 hrs**
1.5
1
0.75
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Annual Average*
5000
2000
1000
24 hrs**
10000
4000
2000
Source: http://www.cpcb.nic.in/Air/Airqualitystands.html
3.7
SEISMICITY
Kolkata falls in zone III of the seismic map of India but it is very near to zone IV
hence the region in and around Kolkata may be considered as seismically active and the
tectonic elements of the area are considered capable of generating an earthquake of
moderate to severe intensity Suitable seismic coefficients may be adopted in the design
of structures commensurate to the Indian Standard seismic zoning of the country in
IS.1893-2002 (after the occurrence of Gujarat Earthquake in January 2001). Seismic
Zoning Map of India is placed as Figure 3.3.
3.8
NOISE
The available records indicate that since 1989, a number of agencies and institutions
CHAPTER 3
3.12
RITES LTD.
have monitored noise within Kolkata Metropolitan Area. These are Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB), Department of Ecological Studies, School of Environmental
Sciences, Kalyani University, West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB), Bose
Institute and All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health. The noise levels in the
KMC area are reported high. The regulatory mechanisms are apparently ineffective to
the extent that the average ambient noise level even in the declared Silence Zone
reached 79 dB (A) and 65 dB (A) during day and night respectively as against the limit of
50 dB (A) and 40 dB (A) and nearly equals to the prescribed upper limit for industrial
zone
Monitoring of noise level for public transport system (buses, metro-rail, trams, &
suburban-trams), showed the highest value in Metro system (Max : 98 dBA with average
of 92 dBA) followed by bus, tram and suburban trains (Average +- 90 dBA) at source.
The results of monitoring in Public Places (Movie Hall; Market; Eateries) revealed more
than 80 dBA. Finally, noise level during festival season always exceeded the normal
value.
RITES has measured noise levels at Depot site in July 2007 as per standard practice.
The noise levels so obtained are summarised in Table 3.12. It could be concluded that
the noise levels recorded at various places are higher than prescribed permissible levels
of 55-dB(A) (day) and 45-dB(A) (night) for residential areas. Noise level standards are
shown in Table 3.13
TABLE 3.12
NOISE LEVELS AT DEPOT SITE
Location
Near
Gowdown
Near Gate
Near Lake
CHAPTER 3
Time
06-08
09-11
12-14
15-17
Average
18-20
21-23
Average
06-08
09-11
12-14
15-17
Average
18-20
21-23
Average
06-08
09-11
12-14
15-17
Average
18-20
21-23
Average
Leq
56.50
55.20
56.00
57.00
56.18
53.20
51.50
52.35
61.00
62.30
62.50
65.20
62.75
59.20
57.60
58.40
53.50
54.60
55.70
56.80
55.15
51.20
49.85
50.53
Lmax
58.20
58.30
59.10
60.10
58.93
56.30
54.60
55.45
64.30
65.60
65.80
68.50
66.05
61.20
59.50
60.35
55.08
56.18
57.28
58.38
56.73
52.76
51.41
52.09
3.13
Lmin
54.20
52.90
53.70
54.70
53.88
50.90
49.20
50.05
58.65
59.95
60.15
62.85
60.40
56.85
55.25
56.05
51.15
52.25
53.35
54.45
52.80
48.35
47.00
47.68
Leq(day)
Leq(Night)
56.18
51.50
62.75
57.60
55.15
49.85
RITES LTD.
TABLE 3.13
NOISE LEVELS STANDARDS dB(A)
CATEGORY OF ZONES
Leq IN dB(A)
DAY *
75
65
55
50
Industrial
Commercial
Residential
Silence Zone **
NIGHT
70
55
45
40
Source: Central Pollution Control Board

*
Day Time is from 6.00 AM to 9.00 PM.
** Silence Zone is defined as an area up to 100m around premises of Hospitals, Educational Institutions and
3.9
EPILOGUE
Based on environmental baseline data documented in this chapter and project features
reported in chapter 2, the environment impacts are described in chapter 4.
FIGURE 3.3
SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF INDIA
CHAPTER 3
3.14
RITES LTD.
ANNEXURE 3.1
AIR MONITORING AT DEPOT SITE
SOIL SAMPLE COLLECTION AT DEPOT SITE
CHAPTER 3
3.15
RITES LTD.
LOCATION OF LAKE WATER SAMPLE
LOCATION OF SURFACE WATER SAMPLE
CHAPTER 3
3.16
RITES LTD.
GODOWNS AT DEPOT SITE
TREES AT DEPOT SITE
CHAPTER 3
3.17

Chapter - 3 Environmental Base Line Data 3.1 General

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RITES LTD.

Urban Environmental Engineering

The objective of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to ascertain the baseline

Land Environment (land use, geology, seismology and soils);

Increase of water demand

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

Green belt development

Impacts due to emissions generated by

Noise due to operation of various equipment

Impact on Noise from Depot

Traffic congestion due to construction material

Increased incidence of water related diseases

Field studies and project report

Physical, Chemical and

Field studies/literature review

Field Studies/literature review

Field Studies, Literature review.

Kolkata is located in eastern India at 2233 N, 8820 E in the Ganges Delta at an

SOILS AND GEOLOGY

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

Source: Consultant study

Kolkata Municipal Corporation area is underlain by Quaternary sediment consisting of a

Surface Water Sources

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

Due to large-scale withdrawal of groundwater from the confined aquifers, a depression of

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

Behala area iso-conductance value is between 1000-1500 micro siemen/cm at 25OC. In

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

METEOROLOGY AND AIR QUALITY

Meteorology is an important parameter in environmental impact assessment exercise. All

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

Air Quality in KMA

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

In addition to above pollutants, unburnt products like aldehydes, formaldehydes,

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

Source: Consultant Study

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

Source: Central Pollution Control Board

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

AIR MONITORING AT DEPOT SITE

SOIL SAMPLE COLLECTION AT DEPOT SITE

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

LOCATION OF LAKE WATER SAMPLE

LOCATION OF SURFACE WATER SAMPLE

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

GODOWNS AT DEPOT SITE

TREES AT DEPOT SITE

ENVIRONMENTAL BASE LINE DATA

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