IS 2707 : 1996

Indian Standard
CARBON STEEL CASTINGS FOR
SURFACE HARDENING - SPECIFICATION
( Fourth Revision )

ICS 11.140.10:77.140.80

0 BIS 1996
BUREAU
OF
INDIAN
STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
December 1996

Price Group 2

Steel

Castings

Sectional

Committee,

MTD

17

FOREWORD
This Indian Smndnrd
(Fourth
Revision)
finalized
by the Steel Castings Sectional
Division
Council.

was adopkd
by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Committee
had been approved
by the Metallurgical

after the draft

Engineering

This standard was first published

in 1964 and was revised in 1973, 1982 and 1989. While reviewing
ihe
standard in the light of the experiencegained
during these years the committee has decided that the standard
may bc further revised. In this revision various clauses have been aligned with the recent standards on steel
castings. The following
are the main modifications:
a)

Requirements

of heat

b)

Requirements

of non-destructive

c)

Requirements

of residual

Carbon
surface

treatment

elements

have

been modified,

test have
have

been modified,
been specified.

steel casrings are surface hardened for special service

for better wear resistance is necessary. for example,

In Ihc preparation
general engineering

and

of this standard. assistance has been derived

purposes,
issued by [he British Standards

conditions
for heavy

where B rough core

gears and anvils.

from BS 3100
Institution.

: 1991

Skel

with

a hard

caslings

for

For the purpose of deciding

whether a particular
requiremem
of this standard is complied
with, the final
VAX, observed or calculared,
expressing
the result of a test or analysis. shall be rounded off in accordance
with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding
off numerical
values (revised).
The number of significant
places
retained in the rounded off value should he the same as that of the specified
value in this standard.

IS 2107 : 19%

Indian Standard
CARBON STEEL CASTINGS FOR
SURFACE HARDENING
- SPECIFICATION
( Fourth Revision )
1 SCOPE

5 SUPPLY

This standard covers the requirements

castings for surface hardening.

for carbon

steel

General
castings

2 REFERENCES

requirements
relating
shall he as laid down

to supply
of steel
in IS 8800:3986.

6 MANUFACTURE

The Indian Standards listed in Annex

adjuncts to this standard.

A xc necessary

The steel for the castings shall be made by electric

arc or electric induction
or such other processes as
may be agreed to between the purchaser
and the
mafactrer.

3 TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the purpose of this standard,
definitions
shall apply.

The

OF MATERIAL

product

of any of the following:

a) One

furnace

7 PARTICULARS
ORDERING

the following

WHILE

For the benefit of the purchaser,

particulars
specified
while ordering
for steel castings
specification
arc given in Annex B.

heat.

b) One crucible

.TO BE SPECIFIED

8 CHEMICAL

to be
to this

COMPOSITION

heat, or

8.1 The ladle analysis of steel when carried out either

c) A number of furnace or crucible

heats of
similar composition
mixed in a ladle or tapped
in separate ladles and poured simultaneously
for making a casting.

by the method specified

in IS 228 and its relevant
parts or any other established
instrumental/chemical
methods shall be as given in Table I. In case of
dispute
the procedure
given in IS 228 shall be
the reference method. However.
where the method
is not given in IS 228, the referee method shall be
as agreed
to between
the purchaser
and the
manufacturer.

3.1.2 Batch
A group of castings of one grade of material, cast
from the same melt and heat-treated
under identical
conditions.

8.2 The manufacturer

shall carry out analysis from
a sample of each melt of steel and, if so specified
by the purchaser
at the time of enquiry
and order,
shall supply a test certificate
of chemical
analysis
of the sample of steel for each melt.

4 GRADES
This standard covers a total of three grades of carbon
steel castings for surface hardening.

Table 1 Chemical

Composition

of Carbon

Steel Castings for Surface Hardening

( Clause 8.1 )
St
No.

(I)

Grade
DCSiENiO

(2)

ConstiluenL~.Percent
A

/-C

si

s
Mur

7
P
Mu

(3)

(4)

0)

(6)

(7)

i)

Gmk

0.42.0.48

(IN, Mm

1.0 Mu

0.04

.M

ii,

Cmde 2

0.39-0.45

O.RO.0.8

I .a- t .4

0.040

0.04tJ

iii)

Grndt s

0.52.0.158

0.60 rwa

1.0 MX

0.040

0.040

: 1996
8.3 Product Analysis

IS 2707

10 FREEDOM
10.1 All castings
adversely
affect

If specified
at the time of enquiry
and order, the
product analysis may be carried out from a broken
test piece or from n casting representing
each melt.
Drillings
for analysis shall be taken from not less
than 6 mm beneath the cast surface, and in such a
manner as not to impair the usefulness of any casting
selected. The permissible
variation in product analysis
from the limits specified in Table I shall be as given
in IS 6601:1987.

8.4 Residual

FROM

shall be free from dcfccu dut will

machining
or utility of castings.

10.2 When necessary to remove risers or gates by

flame or arc or B combination
thereof, or by any other
process involving
intense heat, care shall be taken
to make the cut 81 a sufficient distance from the body
of the casting so as to prevent any defect being
introduced
into the casting due to local heating. Any
such operation is to be done before final heat treatment.

Elements

10.3 In the event of any casting proving

defective
from foundry
causes in the course of preparation,
machining
or erection, such casting may be rejected
notwithstanding
any previous
certification
of
satisfactory
testing and/or inspection.

8.4.1 Elements
not specified
in Table I shall not
ordinarily
be added to the steel and all reasonable
precaurions
shall be taken to prevent contamination
from scrap, etc. to keep them as low as practicable.

11 FETTLING
8.4.2 The following
elements
not specified

limits
shall apply
in Table I:

Corzstituenls

Percent,

Chromium
Nickel
Molybdenum
Copper
Total content of the
unspecified
elements

for

DEFECTS

AND DRESSING

the
All castings shall be properly fettled and dressed, and
all surfaces shall be thoroughly
cleaned.

Max

12 HEAT

0.20
0.30
0.15
0.25
0.70

TREATMENT

12.1 The castings shall be heat-treated in a properly

constructed
furnace,
having
adequate
means of
temperature
control,
which shall permit the whole
of the castings being uniformly
heated to the necessary
temperature.
All castings shall be suitably heat treated
so as to attain the specified mechanical
properties.

8.4.3 Analysis
and reporting
of the analysis in the
test certificate
for the residual elements shall be done
only when so specified by the purchaser in the enquiry
and order. However,
the manufacturer
shall ensure
rhal the residual
elements
are within
the limits
specified.

12.2 The test pieces shall be heat treated

the castings they represent.

13 MECHANICAL

along with

TESTS

9.1 The castings shall be accurately

moulded
in
accordance
with the pattern or the working drawings
supplied
by the purchaser with the addition of such
letters. figures and marks as may be specified.

13.1 The mechanical

properties
specified
are those
which are to be obtained
from test bars cast either
separately from or attached to the castings to which
they refer and heat treated as given in 12. The test
values so exhibited,
therefore. represent the quality
of steel from which the castings have been poured;
they do not necessarily
represent the properties
of
the castings themselves.

9.2 The purchaser shall specify the tolerances on all

important dimensions. On other dimensions, lolerances
specified
in IS 4897:1994
shall apply.

13.2 The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance

with IS 1608: 1995. The relevant mechanical properties
shall be as given in Table 2.

9 WORKMANSHIP

AND FINISH

Table 2 Mechanical

Properties

of Carbon

Steel Castings for Surface Hardening

( Clause 13.2 )
SI
N.

Grade
Designation

lhsite
Strfngth
Mb,
Mh

Yield
strcs
Mh,
&fin

Elongation
Percent.
Mir,

(3)

(4)

(5)

(1)

(2)

i)

Gndc

620

320

I2

ii)

Gmdc

690

490

12

iii)

Grade

700

370

IS 2701 : 1996
13.3 Hardening

15 REPAIR

Test

If so specified
in enquiry
and order. a test piece
13 ~nm in diame1er and 80 mm long shall be machined
from a test sample representing
each cas1. The tes1
piece shall bc heated IO a temperature between 8OiPC
and 84OoC and quenched
in water. The test piece
shall then be submitted 10 a hardness lest in accordance
with IS ISOO:I983 and shall show a Brinell Hardness
Number not less than 460 for Grade I and no, less
than 535 for Grade 2 and Grade 3. If the foregoing
tes1ing is not 10 be done a1 the manufacturer
end.
the manufac1urer
shall nevertheless be responsible 10
guarantee
n~tainmenl
of the hardness specified.

14 NON-DESTRUCTIVE

15.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser in

the enquiry and order, castings may be rec1ificd by
welding.
All repairs by welding shall be carried out
in accordance
with 1he procedure
laid down
in
IS 5530: 1987. If castings have been subjected 10 non-.
destructive testing by agreement between 1hc purchaser
and 1he manufacturer,
the castings
shall be reexamined in the area of repair following
any rectifying
operation
performed
on the ca<tings.
15.2 To form the basis of an agreement between the
purchaser
and the supplier
in this respect where
relevant.
1he following
classification
shall apply
concerning
1he extent of repair:

TESTS

14.1 Non-dcstruclive
testing
shall be applied
if
specified
in 1he enquiry
and the order. Under this
heading are grouped the tests. which aim at revealing
defects which cam01 be revealed by a simple visual
examination,
such as penetrant,
magnetic praclicle.
ultrasonic,
X-radiographic.
or gamma-radiographic
inspection:
also included under this heading are tests
on the surface condition
by visual or visual-lactilc
examination.
Thepurchasershall
specify in 1he enquiry
and order:

a) Weld repair involving

a depth no1 exceeding
20 percent of wall thickness
or 25 mm,
whichever is lower, shall be termed as a minor
repair.
b) Any weld repair exceeding
the above shall
be termed as a major repair. Further any single
repair having
an area exceeding
250 mm
square for every millime1re
of wall thickness
shall also be deemed to be a major repair
regardless of the considerations
mentioned in
(a) above.

a) The 1ype of non-destructive

testing which he
intends 10 carry out or 10 have carried ou1;
b) The auca or areas of 1he casting 10 which
these
tcsls
apply,
and 1hc types
of
discontinui1y.
where relixant;
c) Whether
castings

all, or what proporation.

are 10 be tested;

15.3 Carbon

d) The severity levels defining

the acceptebility
or non-accep1abilily
of defec1s which may be
rwxled;
and

C.E. = C + $

e) Whether
the manufacturer
is or is not
contracwally
responsible
for carrying au1 the
1es1s.
nonshall

16 METHOD

examination

as per IS 3658:

a) IS 9565:1995

Ni + Cu

+15

OF SAMPLING

IS 6907: 1992.

as per IS 2595:

17 MARKING

14.3 Unlczs otherwise agreed upon the following

be rhc acceptance
s1andards:

h) IS 10724:1990
inspection.

Cr + MO + V

The method of sampling

the sleet castings for the
purpose of chemical
analysis and mechanical
tests
including
re-test
shall
be in accordance
wi1h

1980,

d) Radiographic
1978.

15.4 The welding procedure

to be followed
for any
welding that may be required on the surface hardened
area shall be as agreed 10 mutually.

as per IS 7666:1988,
a) Ultrasonic examination
b) Magnetic particle examination as per IS 3703:

C) Liquid pene1ran1 examination

1981. and

Equivalent

Unless otherwise specified in rhe enquiry and order,

or 01herwise agreed to, the Carbon Equivalent
(CE)
for the purpose of guidance in derennination
of 1hc
pre- and post-weld
treatment
applicable
to carbon
and low alloy steels shall be computed
as follows:

of 1hc

14.2 Unless otherwise

agreed upon, when
destructive
testing is to be done, 1he castings
be examined
as follows:

OF CASTINGS

for ultrasonic
for

17.1 Each casting shall be legibly marked with the

following
as may be relevant. However, where linkage
and traceabiliry
are required.
the relevan1 marking
shall be indelible:

shall

inspecrion.

magnetic

particle

c) IS I 1732: lY95 for liquid penctrant

and

inspec1ion.

a) The number or identification

mark by which
it is possible 10 trace 1hc nwlt and the heatueatmenl
batch from which it was made;

d) IS 12Y38: 1990 for radiographic

inspection.

b) The manufacturers

initials

or trade-mark:

and

IS 2707

: 1996
17.3 BIS

c) Other idenrification
marks in accordance with
any agreement between the purchaser and the
manufacturer.

Certification

The castings
Mark.

Marking

may also be marked

with

the Standard

17.3.1 The use of Standard Mark is governed by the

provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards Act. 1986
and the Rules and Regulations
madethereunder.
The
details of conditions
under which the licence for the
use ofstandard
Mark may be granted to manufacturers
or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of
Indian Standards.

17.2 By agreement
between the purchaser and the
Imanufacturer.
castings
complying
with
the
wquircments
of this standard may, after inspection,
be legibly and indelibly
marked with an acceptance
Inark.

ANNEX A
(Clause 2)
LIST
IS No.

OF

REFERRED

INDIAN

Title

STANDARDS
IS No.

Title

228 :
(in parts)

Methods for chemical analysis

steels ( second revision )

of

6601

: 1987

1500 : 1983

Methods for Brine11 Hardness test

for metallic
materials
(second
revision )

Permissible
deviations
in chemical
comwxition
for product
analvsis
of sieel castihgs .

6907

: 1992

Methods
( second

7666

: 1988

Recommended
procedure
for
ultrasonic
examination
of ferritic
castings of carbon and low alloy
steel (first
revision )

8800

: 1986

Technical
delivery
conditions
for
steel castings (second
revision )

9565

: 1995

Acceptance standards for ultrasonic

inspection
of steel castings (firsf
revision )

I608

: 1995

Mechanical
testing of metals Tensile testing ( second revision )

2595

: 1978

Code of practice for radiographic

testing (first
revision )

3658

: 1981

Code
of
pen&ant
revision )

3703

: 1980

4x97

5530

: 1994

: I987

practice
for
flaw detection

Code of practice
for
particle
flaw detection
revision ).

liquid
(firsf
magnetic
(second

Deviations
for
untoleranced
dimensions
and mass of steel
castings ( third revision )
Code of procedure
for repair and
rectification
of steel castings by
metal arc welding
process (first
revision )

of sampling
revision )

steel castings

IO724

1990 Acceptance
standards for magnetic
particle inspection of steel castings
(first
revision )

II732

1995 Acceptance.standards
penetrant
inspection
castings (first
revision

12938

1990 Acceptance
radiographic
castings.

standards
inspection

for dye
of steel
)
for
bf steel

ANNEX B
(Chse 7)
INFORMATION
B-l

BASIS

FOR

TO

BE SUPPLIED

ORDER

PURCHASER
tests required.

if any;

d) Whether the castings are to be inspected and

tested in the presence
of the purchasers
representative;

specification;

b) Drawing or reference number

(if supplied by the purchaser).
copy of the drawing;

THE

c) Optional/Additional

While placing
an order for the purchase of steel
castings covered hy this standard, the purchaser should
specify the following:
a) Mntel-ial

BY

e) Condition
of the pattern
along with a

0 Any

of delivery;

special

requirement;

g) Test report,

if required.

and