*Some information in this presentation comes form outside

sources

Tire Operations
and Repair

Mentor

Mentor- Nazir Baqdounes (left)

Me- Ismael Baqdounes (right)
Place of business- Eagle Automotive Repair Inc.
Mentors profession- Business proprietorship
Independendent Study Mentorship- Spring 2015
Mrs. Click
My mentor went to school in Damascus, Syria.
He moved to America when he was 19. He also
attended San Jacinto College for 2 years to study
mechanics then opened up the business soon afterwards.

Mentor Business

The chain of Eagle Inc. started in 1997. This is one of the buildings where I observe my
mentor working, here they fix cars that where in accidents. Other offices that I visit with
my mentor are in Eagle Inc. storage lots, and Eagle Inc. mechanic shop.

ISM-Independent Study Mentorship

ISM is a course for students wishing to mentor a professional in a career of their choosing.

1. Complete an in-depth mentorship/study in an area of interest (must be approved by ISM teacher)

2. Document a minimum of 2-3 hours of mentorship activities each week (Mentorship Activity Log)

3. Complete a Journal Entry each week documenting your mentorship experiences (ISM Student Journal)

4. Complete an ISM Professional Portfolio (online and binder formats) showcasing all assignments completed during the
course and the final project

5. Complete all of the required assignments (See Class Assignment Calendar)

6. Complete a Mid-Term Presentation (must include PowerPoint)

7. Develop a product and presentation at the collegiate/professional level that is presented to a panel of graders at the
conclusion of the semester (must include PowerPoint, visuals, completed product, portfolio and handouts; See Product
Guidelines section for guidance)
8. Attend the required ISM Presentation Fair on the following date: Saturday, December 13 from 1-4pm

Tire Operations and Repair

My project topic is tire operations and mechanics. It is

about buying tires, analyzing tires, explaining different
tire operations, and how to change tires on your own.
I choose tire operations and repair because as a
mechanic, it is one of the simplest yet most important
parts of repairing automobiles.
Before I start my key points, I would like to present my
online website showcasing my project. (
http://ismaelbaqdounesism.weebly.com)

What to Research

How to buy tires.

Facts on buying tires.

How to analyze tires.

Tire Balancing.

Tire Rotating.

Replacing tires on your own.

Buying Tires

Reasons for buying good tires-Tires are important for obstacle avoidance, short stopping differences, road holding grip, and
many other critical actions. "There's not a single component on a vehicle that contributes more to safety than tires," says Kurt
Berger, Manager for Consumer Products Engineering at Bridgestone.
A good tire will provide all of the following: safety, increased fuel economy, better handling and stopping in all road
conditions, comfort and ride quality.
Before even buying, make sure you need new tires. If your tires have excessive tread wear, cracked sidewalls, or any
discoloration or bulging you need new wheels.
If your tires are 10 years or older, replacing them would also be best because rubber deteriorates with a lot of oxygen.
Important aspects of tires- The size will vary depending on what kind of terrain you will be driving on. The speed is
important to many, especially in cars that will be driving uphill. Other aspects that are important are model, carrying
capacity, and tread. "You'll want to confirm size, speed rating and load carrying capacity," explains Kurt Berger, Manager for
Consumer Products Engineering at Bridgestone. "We strongly recommend that replacement tires meet all of the
specifications of the original tires."
Longevity, performance, and price are three prime qualities to look for in tire purchase
Tires should also be accustomed to the weather. There are three different types; summer, all season, and winter
SUV and light trucks can also include off-road, all terrain, highway, or highway all-season tread patterns.
Buying a better tire for a higher price is a encouraged because they usually last longer and put less stress on your car.
Simonelli says that "premium tire products are generally manufactured using higher standards, whether through design and
testing, casing construction, effectiveness of their design for a specific application, ability to balance (consistency), stability
and wear resistance. Going with a lesser tire is not the wisest choice." Also premium tires are often better value because of
their mileage, performance, customer support and warranty.

Buying Tires (cont.)

Green tires are more expensive, but have fuel economy improvements by using citrus base orange oil which is, a renewable
resource which enables petroleum to be replaced with natural rubber
Also, check tire pressure regularly, look for uneven wear (which can reflect an alignment or shock issue), and check your
four wheel alignments!
Signs to make sure your car is in good condition is if the wheels have even wear; if not, it might indicate alignment or
suspension issues.
Also check for more wear on the inside or outside of tire.
A misaligned car or simply bad shocks will make you lose money fast, considering the new tires would wear faster.
To find out the correct tire type and size, check the owners manual or the information placard.
The information placard is either permanently attached to your door edge, door post, glove compartment door or inside your
trunk lid.
Next part is decipher the tire code, which takes expertise. Talk to a mechanic or whoever you receive your tire from for
professional advice.
The questions will range between summer, all-season or winter tires, and between extended tread life and better handling.
Buy a full matching set to stop repair suspension problems and achieve the highest degree of safety and predictable handling.
Check on your spare too make sure it is the same tire.
Also consider buying online or by catalogs.
Break in your tires carefully and take care of the!

Analyzing Tires

Typically check all the below once every month or before a long trip!
Pressure - Under inflation results in unnecessary tire stress, irregular wear, loss of control and accidents. A tire can lose up to
half of its inflation pressure and not appear to be flat!
Alignment - A bad jolt from hitting a curb or pothole can throw your front end out of alignment and damage your tires. Have
a tire dealer check the alignment periodically to ensure that your car is properly aligned.
Rotation - Regularly rotating your vehicle's tires will help you achieve more uniform wear. Unless your vehicle's owners
manual has a specific recommendation, the guideline for tire rotation is approximately every 5,000-8,000 miles.
Tread - Advanced and unusual wear can reduce the ability of tread to grip the road in adverse conditions. Visually check your
tires for uneven wear, looking for high and low areas or unusually smooth areas. Also check for signs of damage.
When the tread is worn down to 2/32 of an inch, tires must be replaced.
All tires have "wear bars," which are small, raised bars of rubber in the groove that indicate when tires are worn out. If your
tread is worn down to the wear bars, it's time for a new tire.
To check tread, you can do this quick trick- First hold a penny with Abe's head facing down, then select a point on your tire
where tread appears the lowest and place Abe's head into one of the grooves, and if any part of Abes head is covered by the
tread, you're driving with the legal and safe amount of tread.
If your tread gets below that (approximately 2/32 of an inch), your car's ability to grip the road in adverse conditions is
greatly reduced.
Visually check your tires for signs of uneven wear. You may have irregular tread wear if there are high and low areas or
unusually smooth areas. Also make sure no nails or other objects are embedded in the tire. Consult your tire dealer as soon as
possible if you see problems.

Analyzing Tires (cont.)

Under Inflation- causes increased stress in the sidewalls and tread area which can result in irregular wear, hydroplaning, poor
fuel economy and change in vehicle handling stability.
Over Inflation- causes increased stress to internal materials which can result in premature failure, poor traction and change in
vehicle handling/stability.
Driving with under or over inflated tires compromises the following:
Stopping distance: Properly inflated tires maximize tread contact with the pavement, and traction along with it. Stopping
with improperly inflated tires takes more distance to stop the vehicle in an emergency situation.
Ride and handling: When the tires have too much air, they're overly rigid, which means they don't absorb as much impact, so
the car rides rougher and suspension components wear faster.
An overinflated tire's tread may crown, allowing only the center portion to contact the pavement, which decreases traction.
When the pressure is too low, the ride might be softer, but the tread may not meet the road uniformly.
Fuel economy: Under-inflated tires greatly reduce fuel economy.
Tread wear: Along with the traction decrease that comes with over inflation, it also causes the tread to wear more quickly in
the center.
Under inflation causes wear closer to the sides and allows more heat buildup, speeding wear.
Load bearing: Each tire is rated to carry a maximum amount of weight at a prescribed tire pressure. Some cars specify a
higher pressure for greater loads. At best, a tire that's under-inflated for the load at hand will suffer the problems detailed
above. Extra heat generated in the tire can cause it to fail even if it had held up under a lighter load.

Different Tire Operations- Tire

Rotations

Tire Rotations- the practice of moving the tires of an automobile from one position to another, to ensure even wear.
The front wheels receive about 60% of cars weight, so the front wheels have more tread than the back tires
Also, turning wears the front tires at different rates.
Like in America we typically make faster left turns, which wears the right tire more.
Rotating tires makes them safer, smoother, and last longer
You should rotate your tires around every 5,000 miles or just whenever you change your oil.
The first step is to decide whether your tires are directional or non-directional. This will decide which rotational pattern you
will need to do.
Directional tires have a one-way tread pattern that are made for either the left or right side. The grooves are angled to make
better handling, and they channel water from under the tire. It helps on wet surfaces, reducing hydroplaning and improving
wet traction.
Directional tires just switch the right front tires with right back tires and same with the left tires.
Non-directional tires do not have any preference of tread pattern, so they can go anywhere.
For non-directional, use the cross pattern.
For cars with rear-wheel drive, move the front tires to the opposite sides of the rear: left-front to right-rear and right-front to
left-rear.
Do the opposite for front-wheel drive.

Different Tire OperationsWheel Balancing

Tire balancing is equalizing the weight of the combined tire and wheel assembly so that it spins smoothly at high speed.
With the right equipment like a balancer, it is simple.
You place the tire on a balancer and it centers the wheel and spins it to determine where the weights should go.
A wheels valve stem hole take a little bit of weight on that side of the tire.
Weight imbalances, can also be from a joining point of the cap plies.
At high speed, a small change in weight can change the centrifugal force.
With different weighted tires, there is vibration and wear to the car and tire.
Balancing is almost always necessary
Balancing changes over time, and you should consider balancing tires when rotating tires or have had some wheels you want
to keep for longer.
Bang-on and adhesive weights are used today.
Bang-on weights are lead weights of various denominations with a soft lead flange.
They use to be the best, but adhesive weights are most widely used.
Adhesive or Tape-A-Weights are the easiest, they are strips of flat adhesive/backed lead squares.
Now here is a video on tire roations!

Changing Tires on your

own

First off, most cars come equipped with a car jack, lug wrench, and spare tire
Check owners manual if you are not sure how to get the tools
Optional items to pack are flashlights, gloves, tire blocks, and tire gauges.
Find a safe spot to pull over. Try to take an exit even if it means driving with a flat tire or in bad
occasions to pull over on the shoulder as much as possible.
Choose a flat spot to change your tire! And always put your parking brake on
Turn on your hazard lights too
Now use the wrench to loosen the lug nuts
Depending on which car will determine where to place your jack (look at owners manual). Do so
and jack up your car around 6 inches off the ground
Remove the lug nuts and carefully take off the tire lifting it as well as pulling it out straight
Now place the spare tire on the car and tighten the lug nuts. (Do not tighten too much, just enough
to keep it on temporarily)
Lower the car back down and tighten the lug nuts.
Make sure you get all your tools and youre good to drive!
Also in small tire punctures, you can use flat-fix type spray for a quick fix
Now here is a quick video on changing tires on your own!

Conclusion

I liked this study because it is something that will

benefit me in many situations.
It is valuable to me because it will help me one day in
my pursuit to own a mechanic shop.
Any Questions?

Thanks!

First off, I want to thank my mentor Nazir Baqdounes

for all the time and effort he has given me.
I also want to thank my teacher, Kristi Click for always
helping me and being an amazing teacher.
And I also thank my parents, Kirsten Baqdounes and
Haitham Baqdounes for assisting me in any way
possible.

Research

Tires are important for obstacle avoidance, short stopping differences, road holding grip, and many other
critical actions.
"There's not a single component on a vehicle that contributes more to safety than tires," says Kurt Berger,
Manager for Consumer Products Engineering at Bridgestone.
"You'll want to confirm size, speed rating and load carrying capacity," explains Kurt Berger, Manager for
Consumer Products Engineering at Bridgestone. "We strongly recommend that replacement tires meet all of
the specifications of the original tires."

Longevity, performance, and price are three prime qualities to look for in tire purchase

Tires should also be accustomed to the weather. There are three different types; summer, all season, and winter

SUV and light trucks can also include off-road, all terrain, highway, or highway all-season tread patterns.

Also premium tires are often better value because of their mileage, performance, customer support and
warranty.
Run flat tires also are premium, but save the weight of a spare tire and reduce the risk of replacing tires in
risky situations
Green tires are more expensive, but have fuel economy improvements by using citrus base orange oil which is,
a renewable resource which enables petroleum to be replaced with natural rubber
Also, check tire pressure regularly, look for uneven wear (which can reflect an alignment or shock issue), and
check your four wheel alignments!

Research

The front wheels receive about 60% of cars weight, so the front wheels have more
tread than the back tires

Also, turning wears the front tires at different rates.

Like in America we typically make faster left turns, which wears the right tire more.

Rotating tires makes them safer, smoother, and last longer

You should rotate your tires around every 5,000 miles or just whenever you change
your oil.
The first step is to decide whether your tires are directional or non-directional. This
will decide which rotational pattern you will need to do.
Directional tires have a one-way tread pattern that are made for either the left or
right side. The grooves are angled to make better handling, and they channel water
from under the tire. It helps on wet surfaces, reducing hydroplaning and improving
wet traction.
Directional tires just switch the right front tires with right back tires and same with
the left tires.

Research

Tires in general are always increasing in value.

A good tire will provide all of the following: safety, increased fuel economy, better handling and stopping in all
road conditions, comfort and ride quality.
Before even buying, make sure you need new tires. If your tires have excessive tread wear, cracked sidewalls, or
any discoloration or bulging you need new wheels.
If your tires are 10 years or older, replacing them would also be best because rubber deteriorates with a lot of
oxygen.
Signs to make sure your car is in good condition is if the wheels have even wear; if not, it might indicate
alignment or suspension issues.
Also check for more wear on the inside or outside of tire.
A misaligned car or simply bad shocks will make you lose money fast, considering the new tires would wear
faster.
To find out the correct tire type and size, check the owners manual or the information placard.
The information placard is either permanently attached to your door edge, door post, glove compartment door or
inside your trunk lid.

Research

Next part is decipher the tire code, which takes expertise. Talk to a mechanic or whoever you receive your tire
from for professional advice.
The questions will range between summer, all-season or winter tires, and between extended tread life and better
handling.
Buy a full matching set to stop repair suspension problems and achieve the highest degree of safety and
predictable handling.

Check on your spare too make sure it is the same tire.

Non-directional tires do not have any preference of tread pattern, so they can go anywhere.

For non-directional, use the cross pattern.

For cars with rear-wheel drive, move the front tires to the opposite sides of the rear: left-front to right-rear and
right-front to left-rear.
Do the opposite for front-wheel drive.

Works Cited

CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2015.

"How to Choose the Right Tires for Your Vehicle." - Car Maintenance and Car Repairs. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2015.
"How to Rotate Your Car Tires." The Art of Manliness. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.
"How To Change a Tire - How to Guides at: DMV.org. The DMV Made Simple." DMV.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.
Phillips, Sean. "The What, Why and How of Wheel Balancing." N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.