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TARTALOM
1.
2.
FRAME MODEL................................................................................................................... 23
3.
4.
5.
START ............................................................................................................................... 93
GEOMETRY DEFINITION USING PARAMETRIC MESH ........................................................... 94
GEOMETRY DEFINITION USING DOMAINS ........................................................................ 100
DEFINE SUPPORTS AND LOADS ........................................................................................ 105
AxisVM 11
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1. BEAM MODEL
Objective
New
The left-bottom corner of the main window shows the symbol of the
global coordinate system. The positive direction is marked by the
corresponding capital letter (X, Y or Z). The default view of a new
model is in X-Z plane.
It is important to note that unless changed the gravity acts along the
Z direction.
Define of
Geometry
AxisVM 11
Draw objects
directly
Horizontal beam
Click on the Horizontal Beam icon, which is the second from left to
specify the axis of the two beams. The following window shows after
clicking:
Rectangular
shape
AxisVM 11
Roll down in the list of Materials by using vertical sliding bar (or roll
mouse wheel) and click on C25/30, then clik on OK.
Reference
Beam polyline
Relative
coordinate
system
x
x
12
10
y
y
0
0
z
z
0 [Enter]
0 [Enter]
You can change to the global coordinate values by pressing the d labeled button on the left of the Coordinate Window. If d button is
down (pressed) it denotes relative coordinates.
(Hint: In the right column of the coordinate window you can specify
points in cylindrical or spherical coordinate systems). The origin of the
relative coordinate system is marked by a thick blue X (cross turned by
45 deg.).
Zoom
To bring up the Zoom Icon Bar, move the mouse on the Zoom icon in
the Icon bar (left side of the main window). It contains six icons. Lets
choose the third icon (Zoom to fit) from the Zoom Icon Bar, or press
Ctrl-W (or double-click on mouse wheel), which has the same effect.
An alternative way of zooming is to press the + or keys on your
numerical keypad.
10
Geometry Check
AxisVM 11
Perspective
11
Display Options
Click on Display Options icon for showing our models local coordinate
system, node numbers, graphical symbols, etc. (For quick acces to these
settings click on the same icon in mouse right-click menu.)
On the Symbols tab Local Systems group check Beam box and on
Labels tab check Cross-Section Name in Properties group.
Close the window with OK button. The local system of the beam and
the cross-section is shown on the beam. If mouse is rolled over this
beam further properties show up.
After rolling the mouse over the beam info box shows up with beam
number, length, material type, cross-section name, self-weight and
reference.
Nodal support
Click on Nodal support icon and select central node, then click on OK
button. Window shows up where stiffness of the support in each
direction can be set. Select Global direction and set support stifness.
Rx, Ry, Rz are for translation stifnness in kN/m. Default value for these
stifnessse are 1E+10 kN/m for fixed and 0 kN/m for free to move in
subject direction. Rx is for translation stifness in x direction.
Rxx, Ryy, Rzz are for rotational stifnness in kNm/rad. Default value for
these stifnessse are 1E+10 kNm/rad for fixed and 0 kNm/rad for free to
rotate support about subject direction. Rxx is for rotational stifness
about x direction.
Set rotational stiffnesses to 0 and fix the support only in X and Z
dirrection.
12
AxisVM 11
Loadcases and
Load groups
13
Self weight
Open Loadcases and Load groups window again and click on Static
icon in New case top icon row. Create load cases with names LIVE 1,
LIVE 2, LIVE 3 and SUPPORT DISPLACEMENT. Click on LIVE 1 load
case then close with OK.
14
AxisVM 11
After clicking on Load along line elements icon click on beam at left
hand side, then click on OK. Following window shows up:
Type in -17.5 into fields pz1 and pz2 then confirm with OK.
15
Loadcases and
Load groups
After clicking on down arrow next to Loadcases and Load groups icon
following list shows up:
List shows all load cases. The actual load case is highlighted. Select
load case LIVE 2 with mouse or arrow keys.
Same way apply -17,5 kN/m line load on both beams.
Support
Displacement
New Row
16
AxisVM 11
Click on OK to finish.
Static
Linear static
analysis
Nodal DOF
Check Save model with these settings and these dialog box will not
appear in the next run. Accept the Beam with multiple support in
plane X-Z option and click on Yes to close.
Statistics
17
Check and look through all deformations from all load cases. To do
this, click on list right next to Result display parameters icon. Select the
first load combination Co #1.
18
AxisVM 11
To find minimal and maximal values click on Min, Max Values icon.
The following window shows up:
Select eZ and click on OK. After that new window shows up highest
negative deformation then after click on OK the highest positive
deformation. Click again on OK to close.
Click on the second list (next to load case list) and you can select from
several results: internal forces, stresses. Select internal forces My first
for 1st and 2nd load combination. (Co #1, Co #2)
19
Concrete design
Beam
reinforcement
design
Click on Beam reinforcement design icon then on All button and finally
OK. The following warning message shows up:
20
Beam
Parameters
AxisVM 11
Please note that in addition to My,Ed moment diagram (thin line) also
offseted moment diagram (thick line) which offests in accordance
with national design code.
21
Under My,Ed moment diagram there is a As required reinforcement diagram on top and bottom, Vz shear diagram and shear link spacing sw
diagram.
Requred reinforcement in tension is in blue and required
reinforcement in compression in red.
Check
22
AxisVM 11
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23
2. FRAME MODEL
Objective
Analyse the following frame and design column A1 and the pad
footing under.
Beams are IPE 400 rolled steel cross-section and columns HE 280 rolled
steel cross-section. Diagonals O 194 x 5 pipe cross-section. Material
grade is S 235 and designed according to Eurocode 2.
Start
New
24
AxisVM 11
Define of
geometry
Draw objects
directly
25
Roll down in the list of Materials by using vertical sliding bar (or roll
mouse wheel) and click on S235, then clik on OK.
Set Height to 3,5 m in the displayed window:
Change view
Column
26
AxisVM 11
Change view
Horizontal beam
Load from
database
27
Beam polyline
Click on Beam polyline icon then click on top of columns and draw the
beams. Draw the perimeter beams first then pree Esc to cancel
drawing. Draw central beam the same way. The following will be displayed:
Beam
28
Load from
database
AxisVM 11
29
Press Esc to cancel and draw two braces on the other end the same
way:
Translate
30
AxisVM 11
Geometry Check
User can set for the maximum tolerance (distance) for checking points
and show the mesh.
Fit in window
Rendered view
31
Display Options
32
AxisVM 11
Wireframe
Nodal support
Loadcases and
Load groups
33
Add line loads to all horizontal beams. 50 kN/m to beams at lower level
and 25 kN/m to beams at upper level . Activate the Load along line
elements function and select with selection rectangle the upper beams.
Confirm the selection with OK and the following window shows up:
34
AxisVM 11
Set pZ1 and pZ2 to -25, then confirm with OK. The following will be
displayed:
Display Options
35
Select Labels tab and check the Load Value check box in Properties
group:
36
AxisVM 11
Activate the Load along line elements function and select with selection
rectangle the lower beams, then confirm with OK and set pZ1 and pZ2
to -50.
37
Loadcases and
Load groups
Add new load case by clicking on Static icon in New case top icon row.
Name it as WIND. After confirming with OK all loads will disappear
and Status window is showing load case: WIND.
Click on Load along line elements icon then select two columns in the
corner.
38
AxisVM 11
Then apply 6 kN/m line load in x direction (pX1 and pX2). The same
way apply 12kN/m to the central edge column in x direction.
The following will be displayed:
Load
Combinations
New Row
39
Static
Linear static
analysis
40
Statistics
Static
AxisVM 11
Change view
41
Parts
42
New
AxisVM 11
43
Change view
Result display
parameters
Click on Result display parameters icon, then check the Write values to:
Lines checkbox in the window.
44
AxisVM 11
After click on OK shows the max. positive value and the location of
this value:
45
46
AxisVM 11
Steel design
Design
parameters
47
Efficiency
Select Efficiency from the same list box. The following diagram will be
displayed:
48
AxisVM 11
Pad footing
design
Pad footing below column can be designed with Pad footing design
function.
Click on icon then on nodal support and confirm with OK.
Footing design
parameters
49
Soil database
User can read predefined soil characteristics from the soil databes
located on the Soil tab.
50
AxisVM 11
Add defined soil layer to the soil profile with this buton.
Soil database
Click on soil database icon in Backfill options to define soil type for soil
fill above pads bottom level. Select Mixed Non-silty, sandy gravel in
dry or damp column and solid row. Then confirm with OK. The
following window will be displayed:
51
Type in name : soil1 and save profile with OK. Program calculates
pads required dimensions and reinforcement. The follwing message
shows up:
Close the message with OK, the following window shows up:
52
AxisVM 11
blank page
53
3. SLAB MODEL
Objective
New
54
Change view
AxisVM 11
The left-bottom corner of the main window shows the symbol of the
global coordinate system. The positive direction is marked by the
corresponding capital letter (X, Y or Z). Global Z direction is always
upwards. It is important to note that unless changed the gravity acts
along the Z direction.
Click on Change view and following row of icons show up:
Change view to top view (X-Y plane)!
Using geometry functions draw the slab.
Elements
Draw objects
directly
Slab
Material
database
55
Type and
Thickness
Change type in Draw objects directly window from Shell to Plate and
thickness to 200 mm.
Complex slab
x
Relative coordinate system
0 [Enter]
7.9
0 [Enter]
Click on Arc by three points under Draw objects directly tool palette:
x
x
Line
0.5
0
y
y
z
z
3.4
6.8
0 [Enter]
0 [Enter]
-7.9
0 [Enter]
56
AxisVM 11
To move the origin of the local coordinate system to the bottom left
corner of the slab. Move cursor over the bottom left corner of the slab
and press Insert.
Geometry
Create nodes
x
x
6.4
0
y
y
2.2 [Enter]
2.4 [Enter]
57
Fit in window
Mesh
Domain meshing
Click on Domain meshing then click on * to select all and confirm with
OK.
Then select quad mesh (in centre) and define Average mesh element
size to 0.65 m:
generated
automatically.
58
AxisVM 11
Refinement
Domain
refinement
59
Display options
Check the Surface checkbox in the Local Systems group and confirm
with OK.
Surface properties are accesible after definition. When local
coordinates of the surface are shown, the red line denotes x direction,
yellow for y direction and green for z direction.
60
AxisVM 11
Display Options
Switch off surface elements local coordinate systems the same way!
Elements
Nodal support
Calculation...
61
New crosssection
Rectangular
shape
Type in 30 into two top input fields (b[cm]= ;h[cm]= ), then click on
Place button and click anywhere in the window to place the new
cross-section.
The following window will be displayed:
62
AxisVM 11
Click on OK and dialog box shows up whare you can type in new
cross-sections name:
Type 3 into L [m]= input field, then click on OK. Calculated values will
be automatically filled in the Nodal support window.
Line supports
63
To define line supports lick on Line supports icon, then select lines on
slabs perimeter. Select the two paralell edges and the one on left:
Claculation
64
AxisVM 11
Loads
65
Self Weight
Display options
New loadcase,
static
Open Loadcases and Load groups window and create new static
loadcase. Name it FINISHES, this loadcase will contain loads from slab
finishes. Close with OK.
66
Distributed Load
on Domain
AxisVM 11
Domain Line
Load
To define load from balustrade click on Domain Line Load icon and the
following window shows up:
Select Arc by three points icon from bottom row, then click bottom,
central and top point of the curved edge. Then again on top point of
edge. Press Esc to exit.
Load value
67
New Loadcase,
static
Load
combinations
New Row
Create first load combination by clicking on New Row icon. Leave the
name on default Co#1. Select SLS Quasipermanent as type of load
combinaton.
Use following load factors for the new load combinaton:
SELF-WEIGHT 1,0
FINISHES 1,0
LIVE 0,3
68
New Row
AxisVM 11
Linear static
analysis
Degrees of
freedom
Check the Save model with these settings checkbox and degree of
freedom settings will be saved. Click on Yes to confirm and close the
dialog box.
Analysis continus and the following progress bar shows up:
69
The top progres bar shows progress of the actual task. The progress bar
bellow is showing the total pogress.
Estimated Memory Requirement shows size of used virtual memory
for analysis. If the PCs memory size is smaller than this, error message
regarding size of virtual memory will be displayed.
Click on Messages to see the detailed list of analysiss messages.
The following window will be displayed:
70
Static
AxisVM 11
After click on OK program automatically activates vertical deformations ez on Static tab in Isosurface 2D view of SELF-WEIGHT loadcase.
Select load combination Co#1 (SLS) to check service limit states:
71
After click on OK shows the max. positive value and the location of
this value :
Colour legend
Find areas with deflections larger than 2.1mm! Boundary values can be
changed by clicking on Colour legend window:
72
AxisVM 11
Click on a bottom value of the table on a left hand side. Change the
deafault value (-2,423) to 2,1.
Press [Enter] and Auto interpolate function calculates other boundary
values.
After click on OK the following will be displayed:
Isoline
73
Change view
74
Change view
AxisVM 11
Result display
parameters
75
Check the Write Values To Nodes checkbox and click on OK. The
following vertical reactions will be displayed:
76
AxisVM 11
R. C. Design
Click on R.C. Design tab. Here you can calculate required area of
reinforcement for surface elements (domains).
Reinforcement
parameters
Click on Reinforcement
parameters icon then select all
(*) and confirm with OK. The
following message shows up:
Close with OK and the
following window will be
displayed:
77
Set Exposition classes on Materials tab. Set XC1 for Top and Bottom
surface. Set Primary direction of reinforcement as x for Top and
Bottom surface on Reinforcement tab. Check Apply minimum cover
checkbox:
78
AxisVM 11
Click on OK to exit.
Reinforce with 0,3% using 12 diameter at 180 mm c/c bars
(628mm2/m) double reinforcement locally to 12 at 90 mm c/c (1257
mm2/m).
Max. required reinforcement value is (942mm2/m) what is less then
doubled reinforcement (1257 mm2/m).
To find the area which need double reinforcement set number of
isoarea values on Colour legend window to 3.
Click on Colour legend window and change boundary values to these
reinforcement values:
79
Hatched area denotes that center of the slab doesnt need any top
reinforcement in x direction. On the edge 12 @ 180 c/c reinforcement
is needed while around columns 12 @ 90 c/c reinforcement is
needed.
To design reinforcement above columns click on Static tab and select
Surface Internal Forces - mxD+ [kNm/m] results which considers also
mxy forces.
80
Section Line
AxisVM 11
Aftre click on OK define the section plane. First click on top nodal
support then on bottom nodal support
The following window will be diplayed:
Change view
and change results view from Isosurface 2D to Section Line then you
can see section of moment diagra:
81
Change view
R.C. Design
Actual
Reinforcement
82
AxisVM 11
Reinforcement
over an existing
domain
Reinforcement
difference
83
84
AxisVM 11
Here you can see that values around nodal supports are negative, this
areas reinforcement has to be increased.
Actual
Reinforcement
Rectangular
reinforcement
domain
85
The xt axt results around lower nodal support are positive so actual
(defined) reinforcement is sufficient above lower nodal support.
Translate
Then move the cursor over reinforcement domains contour and click
on it to select. Confirm with OK to finish selection. In the Translate
window select Incremental Method and set N=1:
86
AxisVM 11
This way you have copied the actual domain reinforcement, the
following will be displayed:
Press and hold SHIFT key then click then click on actual reinforcement
above columns then click on Actual Reinforcement icon.
Set x direction for Primary direction of reinforcement on top and bottom
surface on Parameters tab and check the Apply minimum cover
checkbox. Select Reinforecement tab and the following window shows
up:
87
The yt ayt results around nodal supports are now also positive, so
the actual (defined) reinforcement is sufficient for all 4 components.
Ellenrizzk a szerkezet repedstgassgt a hasznlhatsgi hatrllapotra!
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Crack widths
AxisVM 11
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Nonlinera static
analysis
90
Iterations
AxisVM 11
Click on Iterations to see how the calculations are converging for each
increment:
R. C. Design
Plate punching
analysis
To check shear punching click on R.C. Design tab and select load
combination Co #2 (ULS). Click on Plate punching analysis icon then
select upper nodal support and click on OK.
The following window will be displayed:
91
92
Result summary
AxisVM 11
Click on Close to exit from Punching analysis results and click on Close
to exit from Plate punching analysis.
93
4. MEMBRANE MODEL
4.1.
Start
Objective
Assume wall thickness to be 200 mm, the concrete grade: C20/25, and
the reinforcement grade: B500A and designed in accordance with Eurocode-2.
Start
New
In the lower left corner of the graphics area is, in blue colour, the
coordinate system beginning point marked with a blue X. The view
can be changed from the Icons Menu with the Views Icon. Move the
cursor over that icon and the following Icon bar is displayed:
Global Z direction is always upwards.
Change view to Front View (X-Z plane)!
94
4.2.
AxisVM 11
Geometry
Quad/Triangle
Division
Close the dialog window with Ok. Now you have to specify the corners of the Quad. They can be specified graphically or by entering the
coordinates. Enter them with coordinates :
To enter the first corner, type in the following sequence of keys:
x 0 y0
z 3 [Enter]
Specify the relative coordinates of the next corners in a similar way.
Type in the following sequence of keys :
x
x
x
12
0
-12
y
y
y
0
0
0
z
z
z
0 [Enter]
3 [Enter]
0 [Enter]
Quad/Triangle
Division
The haunches are created in a similar way. Click on Quad/Triangle Divison icon. Enter the following values: N1=3, N2=6 :
Close the dialog window with Ok. Now you have to specify the corners
of the walls left haunch.
95
x
x
x
x
0
1
0,8
-1,8
y
y
y
y
0
0
0
0
z
z
z
z
-6 [Enter]
0 [Enter]
3 [Enter]
0 [Enter]
Mirror
Create the other haunch by mirroring the first one with respect to the
centre of structure (X=6). Click on the Mirror icon.
96
AxisVM 11
Finish the selection with Ok and the following dialog will be displayed:
Set Mirror: Copy, Nodes to connect: None, check Copy elements. Now
you have to specify the mirror plane. First select any central point, then
select any point vertically above or below it.
97
Fit in window
Geometry
Check
Let's zoom to the structure. Move the cursor over the Zoom icon and
the Zoom Icon bar pops up:
In the top Icon bar click on Geometry Check icon to check for possible
duplicate entries. The following window will be displayed:
In the dialog window specify the Tolerance for merging the nodes. If
the distance between two nodes is less than this value then these nodes
will be merged. Check Geometry Check checkbox only and set
Tolerance[m] = 0.001.
Click on OK and a check summary is displayed when completed:
98
AxisVM 11
Elements
The next step is to create the finite elements. Click on Elements tab.
Surface
Elements
Type in the Thickness edit box 200 [mm], then close the dialog window with Ok.
Display
Options
99
Check the Surface checkbox in the Local Systems panel group. Accept
the change with Ok.
If the Mesh, Node, Surface Centre is switched on among the Graphics
Symbols in the Display Options, you can see that the program uses 9node membrane elements. These 9 nodes are the 4 corners, 4 midpoints and the centre point of surface element. If you move the cursor
over the surface centre symbol (a filled square), a hint window is displayed with the properties of the surface element: its tag, material,
thickness, mass and references, as shown on the next picture:
The red line shows the x axis of the local coordinate system, the yellow
one the y axis and the green one the z axis.
100
4.3.
AxisVM 11
Define of
Geometry
Elements
Draw objects
directly
Domain
Material
database
Complex slab
101
0 [Enter]
You can change to the global coordinate values by pressing the d labeled button on the left of the Coordinate Window.
If d button is down (pressed) it denotes relative coordinates. X turns to
dX and so on indicating that we are defining relative ccordinates. The
relative point of origin is shown as thick blue X (cross turned by 45
deg.)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
1
0,8
8,4
0,8
1
0
-12
0
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
0 [Enter]
3 [Enter]
0 [Enter]
-3 [Enter]
0 [Enter]
6 [Enter]
0 [Enter]
-6 [Enter]
102
AxisVM 11
Translate
Select the top horizontal line and finish the selection with Ok. Choose
Incremental from the Method panel, N=1, Nodes to Connect: None,
then close the dialog window with Ok. Now specify the translation
vector. Click on any empty place in the Graphics Area, then type in the
following sequence:
-0,75 [Enter]
It is easy to observe the symbol of the domain - a blue line on the inner
contour of the domain. Moving the cursor over it shows a hint window
with the properties of the domain:
103
Domain
Meshing
Click the Domain Meshing Icon. Select the domain with the All button (*) and finish the selection with Ok. The following dialog window
will be displayed:
Type in 0.7 [m] for the Average mesh element size. After closing this
dialog window with Ok the automatic mesh generation is started. The
progress of mesh generation is shown in a window.
104
AxisVM 11
If you move the cursor on the surface centre symbol (a filled square), a
hint window is displayed with the properties of the surface element:
it's tag, material, thickness, mass and references as shown in the next
drawing.
4.4.
105
Line Support
To create the supports click on the Line Support icon and select the
bottom lines of the haunch with a selection box.
106
AxisVM 11
Loads
Surface Edge
Load
107
Static
The next step is the analysis and post processing. Click on Static tab:
Linear Static
Analysis
Click on Linear Static Analysis icon. The model will be saved with its
current name.
Nodal DOF
To proceed with the analysis you must set degrees of freedom (DOF).
The program checks the model and offers a DOF setting:
Check the Save model with these settings checkbox and degree of
freedom settings will be saved. Accept the Membrane in plane X-Z
setting and close with Yes button.
Analysis continus and the following progress bar shows up:
Messages,
Statistics
108
AxisVM 11
Fit in window
vertical
109
After click on OK shows the max. positive value and the location of
this value.
Colour legend
110
Colour legend
AxisVM 11
Find areas with surface forces over -100 kN/m! Boundary values can
be changed by clicking on Colour legend window. Click on a bottom
value of the table on a left hand side. Change the deafault value (291,86) to 100:
Isoline
111
View the internal forces of the supports. Select Line Support Internal
Forces Rz in the Result Component combo box.
Result Display
Parameters
Click on Result Display Parameters icon, and check the Lines checkbox in the Write Values To panel and set the Display Mode to Diagram:
Close the dialog window with Ok and the values of vertical support
forces will be displayed on the screen:
112
AxisVM 11
R.C. Design
Reinforcement
Parameters
Click on Reinforcement Parameters icon, and select all surface elements with All (*) button. Complete the selection with OK, and the
following dialog window is displayed:
Close the dialog box with OK and the following will be displayed:
Close the dialog window with OK and the axb diagram is displayed:
113
The area of reinforcement in the x direction is the sum of the axt and
axb values.
114
AxisVM 11
blank page
115
5. SHELL MODEL
Objective
Determine the specific forces and the amount of reinforcement for the
shown reservoir filled with water.
Thickness of the walls and the raft is 250 mm; ribs on the upper edge
are 30x60. The structure is made of C25/30 concrete and B500B rebar.
Use Euro code 2 for design.
Start
New
116
AxisVM 11
Settings
This way you made sure that the mouse cursor moves in 0.2 m steps so
you can avoid geometric imperfections while drawing the model.
Define of
Geometry
Elements
Draw
directly
Domain
objects
Material
database
117
Complex slab
Change view
You can change to the relative coordinate values by pressing the d labeled button on the left of the Coordinate Window. If d button is
down (pressed) it denotes relative coordinates.
Move the mouse cursor to the following locations and click once to enter each vertex: 11.0 right and 0.2 down, down 0.4, right 1.0, up 3.6, left
12.0, down 3.0 (or by keyboard: x 11 z 0,2 [Enter] z 0.4 [Enter] x 1
[Enter] z 3.6 [Enter] x 12 [Enter] z 3 [Enter]).
Double-click at the last vertex to quit the drawing function.
The following will be displayed in the main window:
118
Change view
AxisVM 11
Mirror
Create the wall on other side by mirroring the first one with respect to
the centre of structure (Y=4). Click on the Mirror icon.
The Selection bar is displayed:
Select the domain with the All button (*) and finish the selection with
Ok. The following dialog window will be displayed:
119
y 4
z 0 [Enter]
x 1
y 0
z 0 [Enter]
Fit in window
Numbering
Translation
(move)
To shape up the grip slope move the line between Node 3 and 4 down
by 0.2 m.
Paralell move of
line
All elements within the rectangle will be selected (Node 3, Node 4 and
the line between them).
Move the cursor onto the selected line and start dragging it.
120
AxisVM 11
Select the Paralell move of line icon from the Icon bar on the left and
choose the first icon from the fly out toolbar.
Y0
Z -0.2 [Enter]
Geometry
Geometry Check
Click the Geometry Check icon which is on Geometry tab, the following
window shows up:
User can set for the maximum tolerance (distance) for checking points
and show the mesh.
Check the Select unattached nodes or lines checkbox and click on OK.
After clicking OK a check report message will be displayed:
Elements
Clicking the Elements tab you can specify the element types, material
properties, cross-sections and references determining local systems of
the elements:
121
Reference point
The local system of finite elements can be set by references. In this example a reference point is used to define the orientation of the local Z
direction of the domains and a reference plane to define the in-plane X
and Y axes.
Click the reference point icon then click the centre point of the line between Node 5 and 11. To locate the centre point move the cursor along
the line and check if the cursor shape changes from / to .
Press Esc to exit from function.
Numbering
Move the cursor over the Numbering icon on the speed button toolbar.
Turn on the Reference checkbox. Now an R2 label appears beside the
reference symbol.
Reference plane
To set the local system of domains create a reference plane. Click the
Reference plane icon on the Elements toolbar. You need three points to
define the plane.
Click Node 6, then click anywhere on the line between Node 1 and 2
finally click on Node 2.
The following will be displayed :
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Thickness
Reference
Domain
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Define a domain to create structural surface elements. Click the Domain icon. The Selection palette appears.
Click on the following lines to select domain contours:
7 9 ; 9 3, following 2 lines 3 1and 1 7, are automatically selected.
Click OK on the Selection palette. You get to the Domains dialog.
Choose Shell as element type, 250 mm as Thickness, R3 as Local x Reference, R2 as Local z Reference and click OK.
Domain
Define a domain to create structural surface elements. Click the Domain icon. The Selection palette appears. Click on the following lines to
select domain contours:
9-10; 10-4, following 2 lines 4-3and 3-9, are automatically selected.
Click OK on the Selection palette. You get to the Domains dialog.
Set 250 mm as Thickness and leave references on Auto and click on
OK.
The following will be displayed:
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Speed buttons
Line elements
New CrossSection
AxisVM 11
Turn off Numbering / Node and Local systems using speed buttons.
To define ribs on the upper edges click on Line elements on the Elements toolbar. The Selection palette appears. Click on the 4 edges. Click
OK on the Selection palette. You get to the Line elements dialog:
Rectangular
shape
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Type 300 into the b[mm] edit field and 600 into h[mm] then click the
Place button. You get back to the main window. Click anywhere to
place the shape. The following will be displayed:
The cross-section 1st and 2nd principal direction, centre of gravity and
other cross-section parameters are displayed within the property info
window. Click More parameters if you want to see all parameters calculated automatically by a finite element analysis of the cross-section.
Click OK to close the Cross-section change default name of crosssection if required. Click on OK again to confirm.
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Bottom rib
AxisVM 11
Set the excentricity to Bottom rib then confirm settings with OK. Rib
centrelines are displayed as blue lines and the contour of actual crosssection is shown in yellow.
Move the cursor over a rib and wait for the tooltip to appear displaying
element properties:
Rendered view
A bal oldali ikonsoron fellrl a negyedik ikon az brzolsi md. Vlasszuk ki a jobboldali Ltvnyterv funkcit!
Move the cursor over the View mode icon on the left Icon bar. A fly out
toolbar appears. Select the third icon to choose Rendered view.
This way you can check element definitions.
Rotate view
Click the Rotate view icon on the Zoom toolbar at the bottom left corner of the main window. Drag the model to rotate it. A special Rotation
toolbar appears. You can control the way view rotation works by selecting from the options.
You can also hold Alt + mouse wheel and rotate the view anytime.
View undo
Select View undo from the Zoom toolbar to restore the previous view.
Fit in window
Wireframe
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Surface support
To define supports for the structure click the Surface support icon on
the Elements toolbar. The Selection palette appears. Click on the two
horizontal domains. Click OK on the Selection toolbar. The following
window shows after clicking:
Loads
To define load cases and load groups click Load cases and load groups
icon on the Loads toolbar. The following window will be displayed:
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To define self weight, click on Self weight icon. On the Selection palette click the Select all (*) icon or press grey * on the keyboard. Click
OK to close the Selection palette.
Dashed lines along the domain contours represent the self weight.
Moving the cursor to a domain you get a tooltip like this:
To create another load case click the Load cases and load groups icon on
the Loads toolbar and click the Static button in the New Case group
box.
Enter Water as the name of the new load case in the tree view.
Click OK to close the dialog.
Fluid loads
To define the water load click the Fluid loads icon. On the Selection
palette click the Select all (asterisk) icon or press grey * on the keyboard. Click OK to close the Selection palette. The following window
will be displayed:
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To define water level 30 cm under the top edge of the reservoir change
Z1 [m]=3.000 to 2.7, and set the bottom pressure value p(Z2) [kN/m2]=
35 (pressure is in the negative local z direction) and click OK.
The following will be displayed:
Load
combinations
To create load combinations click the Load combinations icon. You get
to the load combinations table in the Table Browser:
New row
To create new combinations click the New row icon. Leave the name
on default Co #1 then select (user defined combination) . Then enter
1.35 into the Self Weight column and 1.00 into the Water column. Use
[Tab] or [Enter] to jump to the next cell. Click OK to close the dialog.
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Speed buttons
Using the speed button and turn off Supports, Reference and Object
contours in 3D from the Graphic symbols fly out.
Mesh
Speed buttons
Domain Meshing
Click on the Domain meshing icon. On the Selection palette click the
Select all (*) icon or press grey * on the keyboard. Click on OK to close
the Selection palette. Select rectangular mesh type (in centre) and set
Average Mesh Element Size to 0.600 m.
Click on OK to close the dialog. You get a visual feedback on the meshing process:
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Green points at the centre of surface elements are the symbols of shell
centre points. Moving the mouse over a centre point you get a hint
with the elements properties:
Speed buttons
Static
Linear analysis
Turn off Nodes, Surface centre and Domains in the Graphic Symbols
then turn off also the Mesh Display.
This way we have finished modelling and model can be analysed.
To run the analysis and display the results click the Static tab.
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Messages and
Statistics
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Numbering
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Parts
To hide the front wall of the reservoir create a part. Click the Parts icon
on the Icon bar on the left. You get to the Parts dialog:
New
Define a part containing everything but the front wall click on New
icon and specify the name as 1:
Press and hold wheel of the mouse pan the view so the right part of
model is fully visible. Use the botom slider if your mouse doesnt have
a wheel button.
Using selection rectangle unselect the wall on right hand side from the
selection:
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Click on OK on the Selection palette then close the Parts dialog window with OK.
View Undo
Undo the view (or select Perspective view by [Ctrl+4]) and you will
see that the front wall is hidden.
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Display
Parameters
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Go to the bottom of the screen, turn on the Mesh Display speed button
and change the display mode on the Icon bar to Hidden line removal :
Rotate view
Click the Rotate view icon on the Zoom toolbar at the bottom left corner
of the main window. Drag the model to rotate it and check the
deformed shape. A special Rotation toolbar appears. You can control
the way view rotation works by selecting from the options.
You can also hold Alt + mouse wheel and rotate the view anytime.
Press Esc to exit.
View undo
Select View undo from the Zoom toolbar to restore the previous view.
Result Display
Parameters
Colour legend
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To see section of myD- diagram click on Section Lines icon on the Icon
bar. The following window will be diplayed:
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To define a new section plane click the New section plane button in the
dialog. The following message box will be diplayed:
Type in 1 as the name of the section plane and confirm with OK, then
close the window with OK.
Change view
Select the X-Z view (Front view) from the fly out toolbar or press
[Ctrl+1]:
A section plane can be defined by two points in side, front of top view.
Being
in front view click the rib at 6.0 m (e.g. typing: x 6 [Enter]) and enter
the second point somewhere under the first on a vertical line (e.g. typing: z 3 [Enter]).
You get back to the Section Lines dialog. Click on OK.
Change view
Select the Z-Y view (side view) from the fly out toolbar or press
[Ctrl+3]. Change Display Mode to Section Line.
Numbering
Speed buttons
Perspective
Click on the Perspective icon on the Icon bar (left side of the main
window). Close the perspective settings window.
Change view to Isosurface 2D! Select Surface Support Intenal Forces
Rz which shows vertical reactions of the surface support and the
following will be displayed:
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R. C. Design
Reinforcement
parameters
Click on Reinforcement parameters icon then select all (*) and confirm
with OK. The following message shows up:
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Set Exposition classes on Materials tab. Set XC2 for Top and Bottom
surface. Set Primary direction of reinforcement as x for Top and
Bottom surface on Reinforcement tab. Check Apply minimum cover
checkbox:
Click the Numbering speed button and turn off Write Values to Surfaces
and Lines. The following will be displayed:
Actual
Reinforcement
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Crack widths
AxisVM 11
All domains are hatched what denotes that there are no cracks on
outter face of domains.
Check crack widths on the inner face of the reservoir!
Select Cracking wk(t) result component which is showing crack
widths in local x direction at top surface of domains. The following will
be displayed:
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Here you can see cracks on some inner corners of the domains.
Beam
reinforcement
design
To design reinforcement in the rib, click on Beam reinforcement design icon, then click on the shorter rib on top of the end wall and
finally click on OK. The following warning message shows up:
Beam
parameters
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Click on Check tab in Beam Reinforcement window and you can see:
needed number of rebar, actual crack width considering needed
number of rebar and number of rebar rows.
Notes
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Notes
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Notes
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