Thit k - ch to h thng thot kh

1. H thng thot kh :
Lng khun th lun cha khng kh , khng kh ny phi c thot ra trong sut
qu trnh in y. H thng thot kh l cung cp nhiu con ng khng kh
b mc kt trong lng khun thot ra nhng khng cho nha nng chy i qua.
Nu khng c hay h thng thot kh khng c thit k tt th s gy ra mt s
khuyt tt nh b ng hn, vt chy, chi tit khng in y,...
H thng c dng ph bin nht l cc rnh thot kh trn mt phn khun v
mt mi quanh ti li (ti y) sn phm. Ngoi ra, kh cng c th thot ra ngoi
qua ng nc lm ngui, cc khe h nh ca h thng trt, phn ghp (cc
cy).....
2. Kiu thot kh :
a. Phn loi kiu thot kh:
Cc phng n thot kh c th c s dng, ty thuc vo kt cu ca lng
khun, v tr cng phun, kh nng gia cng, p sut phun,...
Mt s phng n ang c s dng rng ri hin nay gm:
Thot kh qua rnh thot kh trn mt phn khun.
Thot kh qua h thng y trn khun.
Thot kh qua h thng ht chn khng.
Thot kh qua h thng lm mt, insert, slide
b. Rnh thot kh trn mt phn khun (parting line venting)
Rnh thot kh c b tr mt phn khun v d gia cng v v sinh.
Rnh lm nhim v nh mt cu ni gia lng khun v mi trng ngoi a
khng kh ra khi lng khun.

Rnh thot kh

 Cu to ca rnh thot gm hai phn chnh: rnh dn v rnh thot.

Kch thc h thng thot kh trn mt phn khun

Thot kh trn mt phn khun

c. Rnh dn (vent land):
Nm phn u ca rnh thot kh.
Thit k khng cho vt liu chy vo cc l thng hi trong sut qu trnh
in y.

Rnh dn
su ti v tr u ca rnh thot kh thng nh trnh vt liu chy ra
ngoi. Ty thuc vo nht ca tng loi nha th c su khc nhau. V
c cho bng sau :

Loi nha
ABS
ACETAL
ACRYLIC
CELLULOSE ACET, CAB
ETHYLENE VINYL ACET
IONOMER
LCP
NYLON
POLYPROPYLENE
P C (RIGID)
PVC (FLEXIBLE)
POLYETHYLENE
PET, PBT, POLYESTERS
POLYSULFONE

Chiu su (INCHES)
0.001-0.015
0.0005-0.001
0.0015-0.002
0.001-0.0015
0.001-0.0015
0.0005 -0.001
0.0005 - 0.0007
0.0003 - 0.0005
0.0005 - 0.00 2
0.0006 - 0.001
0.0005-0.0007
0.0005 - 0.0012
0.0005 - 0.0007
0.001 - 0.002

rng ca rnh trong thc t n nm trong khong 3.175 12.7 mm.

Chiu di rnh (l): 0.762mm 1 3.175mm
Khi thit k rnh dn cn ch cc iu sau:
S rnh ty thuc vo lu lng v tc in y.
Khi cn tng thot kh th c th tng thm rnh thot kh hay m rng cc rnh.
d. Rnh thot (relief slot):

 a khng kh t rnh dn thot ra ngoi.

Chiu su v b rng ln hn rnh dn, gim p sut v m bo khng kh
thot ra ngoi hon ton.
Thng c kch thc 20 x D.
Cch b tr:
t ti nhiu v tr khc nhau dc theo h thng knh dn v ng bao chi tit.
c bit nhng v tr c in y cui cng, l nhng khu vc xa cng
vo nha nht. c khng kh b nn li v hnh thnh cc by kh nn n c b
tr ti y.

Cch b tr rnh thot kh

B tr rnh thot kh nhng ni d to ra ph phm do khng kh khng thot
ra c, nh: l kh, vt chy...

Cch b tr rnh thot kh

Thot kh thong qua l kh & knh dn hnh vnh khuyn

S lng rnh thot kh cn thit:
S lng rnh thot kh ph thuc vo chu vi ca chi tit nn khng th b tr
qu nhiu. Tng chu vi rnh thot kh phi gn bng 30% chu vi ca chi tit
m bo kh nng thot kh.
v d c 12 rnh thot kh, chng c th c t cch u nhau nh hnh, hoc
bt u bng cch t mt rnh thng hi mi bn gc, mt trc tip i din
cng v rnh thot kh khc bng nhau cc vng cn li.

Cch b tr rnh thot kh

B. H thng thot kh trn knh dn (runner)
B tr thm h thng thot kh trn knh dn tng thm kh nng thot kh
khi lng khun.
Rnh thot kh c b tr thnh 1 vng khp kn quanh chu vi knh dn v dn
ra ngoi bi cc rnh thot.
Nha c dn vo knh dn s dn thm khng kh trong knh dn vo trong
lng khun do trong knh dn tn ti khng kh t trc.
Thit k thm h thng thot kh trn knh dn thot khng kh ra ngoi hn
l y thm khng kh vo lng khun trnh nha vi nhit v p sut cao
cng vi nhit v p sut sn c s tip tc gy nn hin tng qu nhit lm

Cch b tr rnh thot kh knh dn

u im:
D gia cng v v sinh.

 C th b tr bt k v tr no trn mt phn khun.

Nhc im:
Phi thit k rnh thot kh sao cho khng kh thot ra ngoi nhng nha khng
chy ra khi lng khun.
Ph thuc vo tc v lu lng dng chy khi b tr h thng thot kh.
Khng b tr c h thng thot kh trn chi tit qu mng, c gn (rib), rnh
ct (blind holes).
C. Thot kh qua h thng y trong khun:
Trn cc ty y ca h thng y trn khun , thit k cc rnh xon t
khng kh trong khun s theo cc rnh ny s i ra ngoi.

B tr rnh thot kh trn ty y

Mt mi trn ti li (ejector pin): lp rp ca h thng y phi trt dc trc
y chi tit ra ngoi l lp rp c h. Chnh v vy m da vo khe h khng
kh c th thot ra ngoi loi b cc by kh.

B tr rnh thot kh trn ty y

 Khi s dng h thng y vo vic thot kh th cn lau chi hng ngy loi b
nhng vt lm ngn khng cho thot kh. Cn c thay th hay tho ra lm sch
khi b tc.
u im:
Thit k chung vi h thng y nn c th tit kim chi ph.
Nhc im:
i hi chnh xc cao mi c th thot kh tt.
i hi h thng y c bng cao.
D. Thot kh qua h thng ht chn khng :
H thng ht chn khng ang c s dng rng ri trong ngnh cng nghip
khun mu do vic s dng nhng phng php thot kh truyn thng l khng
trit , do kt cu lng khun phc tp, c nhiu im cht khin khng kh
khng th thot ra ngoi hon ton. Phng php ht chn khng khc phc
c nhng vn ny.

Cch b tr h thng ht chn khng

Hnh trn trnh by s lc v cu to ca h thng, bao gm:

 Cc rnh dn a khng kh ra 1 rnh cha kh bao quanh chu vi ca lng

khun.
Khng kh bn ngoi khng th lt vo khun do c 1 vng m bng cao su
cch ly gia mi trng ngoi v bn trong khun.
Ti rnh cha kh : thit k cc l thng ni vi bm chn khng.

a. Nguyn l hot ng:

Bm chn khng c m a ton b lng khng kh ra ngoi khun khi
khun ng, to cho th tch bn trong lng khun hon ton l chn khng, nh
vy khi nha c phun vo s khng b cn tr bi lng kh cn tn ng.
b. Thi im bt u m my bm chn khng:
Thi im bt u ht kh ra khi lng khun c xc nh bng cch tin hnh
ng khun v t mt my o chn khng cui ming phun nha. Sau bt
u m my bm chn khng v xc nh thi gian ht ton b kh trong lng
khun ra ngoi. T thng tin ny gip cho vic xc nh thi gian m my ht
chn khng cho hp l.
u im:
Hiu qu thot kh rt cao.
Khc phc nhiu khuyt im ca phng php thot kh truyn thng, c th
thot kh nhng im cht (dead pocket).
Nhc im:
Thit k phc tp, tn km.

 Kh gia cng khun v phi b tr rnh cha kh, l thng vi my bm chn

khng.
E. Thot kh qua h thng lm mt,slide,insert :
p dng cho cc chi tit c gn
S dng lng khun kiu insert tn dng khe h lp ghp gia 2 mnh b tr
rnh thot.

Cch b tr rnh thot kh ch ming ghp

Thot kh qua h thng lm mt
Hnh di y cho thy lng khun c lp vo 1 mnh insert c lm t kim
loi xp, c kh nng dn kh t lng khun vo knh lm mt.

Cch b tr rnh thot kh thng qua knh lm mt

u im:
Thot kh tt cho sn phm c gn khc phc khuyt im ca thot kh bng
mt phn khun v h thng y.
Gi r.

 Nhc im:
Lng khun b tr phc tp.
Tiu
ch

Thot kh qua mt
phn khun

V tr
b tr

Ch c th b tr ti
mt phn khun ca
chi tit.

Kh
nng
thot
kh

Thot kh tt ti v tr
mt phn khun,
khng thot kh c
nhng im cht.
Nm trn mt phn
khun nn d gia
cng nhng phi m
bo kch thc.

Kh
nng
gia
cng
Tnh
kinh t

R tin.

Thot kh qua
h thng y

Thot kh dng h
thng ht chn
khng

Thot kh qua h
thng lm mt,
insert, slide
Thng b tr ti
Ch b tr tch
B tr nhiu v tr
chi tit c gn
hp trong h
trong lng k c
khng th thot
thng y.
nhng im cht
kh bng mt
(dead pockets).
phn khun.
Ch thot kh
Hu nh thot kh Thot kh c bit
nhng v tr c
c ton b v tr
tt cho sp c gn,
t h thng
trong lng khun.
lng khun kiu
y.
insert.
Kh gia cng cch
Khng phi gia
Ch phi gia
rnh dn v l thng cng nhiu do li
cng trn h
ni my bm chn dng khe h trong
thng y.
khng.
khun dng
insert.
t do phi gia cng
R tin.
v s dng my bm
R tin.
chn khng.