o Positioning:

o Making socially undesirable products more desirable

o Positioning on questionable benefits
o Product:
o Marketing unsafe products
o Product testing: on animals or insufficient testing to reveal safety concerns
o Marketing socially controversial products
o Packaging and labelling:
o Actual versus apparent size
o Misleading or inadequate information
o Excessive or environmentally-unfriendly packaging
o Pricing:
o Collusion with competitors
o Negative option billing
o Prejudice in negotiated prices
o Price discrimination
o
Product stewardship is where environmental, health, and safety protection centers on
the product itself, and everyone involved in the lifespan of the product is called upon to
take up responsibility to reduce its environmental, health, and safety impacts.[1] For
manufacturers, this includes planning for, and if necessary, paying for the recycling or
disposal of the product at the end of its useful life.
For example recycling of soda bottle
Pollution prevention
Pollution
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
New environmental technology livescience.com
Roof gardens help absorb heat, reduce the carbon dioxide impact by taking up CO2
and giving off oxygen, absorb storm water, and reduce summer air conditioning
usage.
Solar energy

Managers have two broad options with respect to control.

l They can rely on people to exercise self-control (internal) over their own
behavior.
l Alternatively, managers can take direct action (external) to control the behavior of
others
Planning and controlling are two separate functions of management yet they are
closely related
Without the basis of planning, controlling activities becomes baseless and without
controlling ,planning becomes meaningless exercise
In absence of controlling, no purpose can be served by, therefore planning and
controlling reinforce each other
Each manager has to perform control function in the organization
Nature and scope and limit of the control function may be different from different
managers
Control is a continuous process
Three types of control
Feedforward Control
The active anticipation and prevention of problems, rather than passive
reaction
Concurrent Control
Monitoring and adjusting ongoing activities and processes
Feedback Control
Checking a completed activity and learning from mistakes