Fourier Series to Fourier Transform

For periodic signals, we can represent them as linear combinations

of harmonically related complex exponentials
To extend this to non-periodic signals, we need to consider aperiodic
signals as periodic signals with infinite period.
As the period becomes infinite, the corresponding frequency
components form a continuum and the Fourier series sum becomes
an integral.
Instead of looking at the coefficients a harmonically related Fourier
series, well now look at the Fourier transform which is a complex
valued function in the frequency domain.

Fourier Transforms are used in

X-ray diffraction
Electron microscopy (and diffraction)
NMR spectroscopy
IR spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Image processing
etc. etc. etc. etc.

Substituting 3.1.2 to 3.1.1

 A plot of the square of the modulus

F (
of the Fourier transform
vs
) is called the power spectrum.
It gives the amount the frequency
contributes to the waveform.

Example 3.1.3: Decaying Exponential

Consider the (non-periodic) signal
f (t ) e at u (t )
a0
Then the Fourier transform is:

F ( ) e u (t )e
at

it

dt e ( a i )t dt

e ( a i ) t
( a i )

1
( a i )

 Example 3.1.4.

t
sinof
Fourier transform

f t e it dt

it

F sin t e dt

e it e iot

2i

i
2

i t

e it dt

e i t dt

 However the delta function is,

(1 / 2 e dt
i t

F i
i