1- router-id command

2- highest loopback IP

1- Determines Router ID

3- highest interface IP
2- Adds interfaces to LSDB
3- Sends Hello messages (Down State)
(config-router)# area 1 virtual-link remote-RID
1 here is the transit area where the link passes
through and it cannot be a stub area

checking the requirements

4- Receives Hellos (Init State)

Steps

The two ABRs will use unicast packets, and

they will mark the Do Not Age (DNA) bit

Yes
check if it is listed in the Hello coming from the
neighbor as a neighbor

5- Sends Reply Hello (2-Way State)

Virtual Links

(config-router)# area 1 virtual-link 4.4.4.4

authentication message-digest message-digestkey 1 md5 fred

No

Reset dead timer

Add as a new neighbor

using Priority and Router ID (higher better)

6- Master-Slave determined (ExStart state)
exchange DBDs

optionally, can configure Hello and Dead

intervals the same way

exchanging the details using LSRs and LSUs

starting with the slave requesting

7- DBDs Acknowledged and reviewed (Loading

State)

Can use (area range) and (summary-address)

commands

8- Neighbors are Synchronised (Full State)

(config-router)# default-information originate
[always] [metric value] [metric-type type] [routermap name]
will create Type 5 LSA (Metric = 1, MetricType =
2) for a default route (0.0.0.0/0) and flood it if a
default route exists in the routing table.
[always] : advertise even if there is no default
route in the routing table

same hello and dead timers

same network mask
same area
Requirements
same MTU

Type 3 LSAs
No redistribution of external LSAs

Unique Router IDs

Stub

authentication

(config-router)# area 34 stub

highest priority (default = 1) then highest routerid

No Type 3
No redistribution of external LSAs

DR, BDR election

Totally Stubby

(config-if)# ip ospf priority value

(config-router)# area 34 stub no-summary

only the ABR requires the no-summary keyword

not in point-to-point or point-to-multipoint links

Default Routes

Types

enabled using:
(config-router)#network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
area 1
or
(config-if)#ip ospf area 1

Type 3 LSAs
Allows redistribution of external LSAs

NSSA

OSPF interfaces

(config-router)# area 34 nssa

Stub Areas

no been passive using:

(config-router)# passive-interface serial 0/0

No Type 3
Allows redistribution of external LSAs

(config-if)# ip ospf hello-interval 9

Totally NSSA

Hello

When configured, the dead interval will be

changed automatically to (4 X hello interval)

(config-router)# area 34 nssa no-summary

only the ABR requires the no-summary keyword

(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval 36

Timers

No flood for Type 5 LSAs in all types

ABRs create a default route as Type 3 LSA with
subnet (0.0.0.0) and mask (0.0.0.0) and floods
it, the default cost = 1 but can be configured
using:
(config-router)# area number default-cost cost

(config-if)# ip ospf dead-interval minimal hellomultiplier 4

will make the dead-intrval = 1 and hello-interval
= 1/4

Dead

Neighborships
MTU

all routers must be configured as stubby or no

neighbor relationships will be formed

(config-if)# ip mtu value

0 : no auth (default)

(config-router)# area number range ip-address

mask [cost cost] [not-advertise]
area: where the subnets exists
default cost: best cost among all subordinate
subnets
not-advertise: will filter the subordinate subnets
without advertising the summary

1: clear text

Types

2: MD5
at ABR
Route Summarization

If no subordinate subnets, it will not advertise

the summary

For all interfaces in one Area

(config-router)# summary-address {ip-address

mask | prefix mask} [not-advertise]

at ASBR

(config-router)# area number filter-list prefix

name in|out

OSPF

Authentication

0: (config-if)# ip ospf authentication null

OR
1: (config-if)# ip ospf authentication
OR
2: (config-if)# ip ospf authentication messagedigest

Enable

Type 3 LSAs

0: no config required
OR
1: (config-router)# area 0 authentication
OR
2: (config-router)# area 0 authentication
message-digest

OR for a specific interface

Type 5 LSAs
Route Filtering
(config-router)# distribute-list prefix name in

if both, the interface setting take precedence

Between SPF and Routing table

Can use Prefix list, ACL or route map

Keys

LSID = RID
for each interface without DR lists : subnet
number/mask and cost (stub network),
neighbor's RID with local IP to those neighbors
By each router

Router

Nonbroadcast (NBMA)
[default on frame relay physical and multipoint
subinterfaces]

# show ip ospf database router 1.1.1.1

Network types
LSID = DR's interface IP address

No

Point-to-multipoint

Create a pseudonode (Transit Network) and

each router in the subnet list a connection to it
By each DR

Network

Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast

Types

Lists: the RIDs of the attached routers on the

subnet
# show ip ospf database network 10.10.34.4
LSID = subnet number being advertised
3

More than 2

Neighbor States

Default: every 30 minutes

negotiating the DD (or DBD) Seq. numbers and

Master/Slave logic

ExStart

can be limited using:

(config-router)# max-lsa number

Finished above negotiation and now exchanging

DD packets

Exchange

All DD are exchanged and now sending LSR,

LSU and LSAck packets

Loading

Periodic flooding
IP protocol type: 89

(config-router)# maximum-paths 6

default = 4

No

More than 2

hello received with the local RID in it and

parameter's verification checked

2-Way

NSSA External

224.0.0.5 all OSPF routers

224.0.0.6 DR and BDR

30/120

More than 2

AS External
for external routes in stubby areas

Dynamic Discovery

30/120

NO

hello received, and it did not have the local RID

in it, or it lists mismatched parameters

Init
ASBR Summary

30/120

When the neighbor is defined with neighbor

command, after sending hello but before
receiving a hello from it

Attempt
Summary

DR/BDR

No

No

Dynamic Discovery

No hellos received for more than the dead

interval

Down

LSAs

By ABRs for each subnet on an area

10/40

No

point-to-point

More than 2

Dynamic Discovery

10/40

DR/BDR

Broadcast

for each interface with DR lists : DR's IP and

notation for a transit network

Lists: network mask, metric, and as others the

advertising RID

1: (config-if)# ip ospf authentication-key keyvalue

OR
2: (config-if)# ip ospf message-digest-key keynumber md5 key-value

fully adjacent and their LSDBs are identical for

that Area, so routing table calculations can
begin

Full

multicast addresses:

Router ID
Stub area flag

equal cost load balancing

Hello and Dead intervals

Reference-Bandwidth / Interface-Bandwidth
(Mbps)

Subnet mask
Miscellaneous

always round down

Default Reference-Bandwidth = 100
can be configured using:
(config-router)# auto-cost reference-bandwidth
1000
intra-area route always preferred over inter-area
route regardless of cost
can be configured directly using :
(config-if)# ip ospf cost value

Hello

List of neighbors

Contains:

Area ID

Cost

Priority
Packet Types

DR and BDR IP addresses

Authentication digest
Brief version of each LSA (LSID and sequence
number)

Database Description (DD or DBD)

list of LSIDs of LSAs wanted

Link-State Request (LSR)

Link-State Advertisement (LSA)
Link-State Update (LSU)

contains one or more LSAs

Link-State Acknowledgement (LSACK)

confirm LSU's receipt

Sami Alsubhi

V 1.0