Formula to Memorize

1,

ln a = b eb = a
a
ln(ab) = ln a + ln b; ln( ) = ln a ln b; ln ab = b ln a
b
a

ea+b = ea eb ; eab = e b ; (ea )b = eab

2,

= tan 0 = tan = cot = 0

2
2

3
sin = cos 0 = tan = cot = 1; cos = tan
= 1
2
4
4
4

2
; sin = cos =
sin = cos =
4
4
2
6
3
2

tan = cot 0 = +, tan( ) = cot =

2
2
sin 0 = sin = cos

3,
sin2 x + cos2 = 1; sin(

sin x
x) = cos x; tan x =
2
cos x

4,
a2 b2 = (a b)(a + b); a3 b3 = (a b)(a2 + ab + b2 )
5, Binomial formula for ax2 + bx + c = 0

b b2 4ac
x=
2a
6, f f 1 = f 1 f = I, where f 1 is the inverse function, and I is the identity
function.
f (x)
Domain
Range
1
sin x
[1, 1]
[ 2 , 2 ]
1
7, Inverse triangular functions cos x
[1, 1]
[0, ]
tan1 x (, ) ( 2 , 2 )
cot1 x
(0, )
(0, )

8, lim f g = f lim g. For example lim ln f (x) = ln lim f (x).

9, Derivatives and antiderivative
table

f (x)
f (x)
f (x)dx
C
0
Cx
xa+1
a
a1
x
ax
a+1
ex
ex
ex
ln x
1/x
NA
1/x
1/x2
ln |x|
sin x
cos x
cos x
cos x sin x
sin x
tan x sec2 x use substitution