Secondary Sources

Nonperiodicals
Blassingame, Wyatt. Eleanor Roosevelt. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1967. Print.
Blassingame's source was another book we used to gather the basics about Eleanor. With
the information gathered from this source, we gained a deeper foundation of Eleanor's
beliefs and achievements. This source also contained many embedded quotes which we
were able to retrace and include in our website, further developing Eleanor's appearance
and reality of leadership.
Cook, Blanche Wiesen. Eleanor Roosevelt. New York: Viking, 1999. Print. Vol. 2 of Eleanor
Roosevelt: Volume Two 1933-1938.
This source highlighted Eleanor's life from 1933 to 1938 during the years of the Great
Depression, the New Deal, and the development of WWII for us to have a deeper
understanding of the ER's philosophies of that era. We accumulated information about
Eleanor's personality such as how she was not afraid to state her beliefs on controversial
topics even if it countered FDR's policies. She actively stood up for and fought for
women's rights and African American rights.
Doak, Robin S. Eleanor Roosevelt. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2013. Print.
This biography of Eleanor Roosevelt briefed us about her key achievements as a First
Lady as well as after being widowed to allow us to pinpoint events which she had
critically impacted. From this source we held a better grasp of her many accolades and
viewed her influence over her political partner and husband, President Franklin D.
Roosevelt. This introduced us to her leadership roles during her first lady years into her
roles as an international leader after FDR's passing.
Freedman, Russell. Eleanor Roosevelt: A Life of Discovery. New York: Clarion, 1993. Print.
This source detailed in about Eleanor's lifetime accomplishments as she develops into a
social and political world leader. Shedding further insight onto Eleanor's role as a first
lady, this book allowed us to view how ER changed the role of the First Lady as the first
to have a public life and career. We also see how ER develops to become more and more
involved in the fight for basic human rights for all groups of people.
Gerber, Robin. Leadership the Eleanor Roosevelt Way. New York: Penguin, 2002. Print.
Acclaimed historian, Robin Gerber, gives insight into Eleanor's relationships and her
leadership roles in America. Gerber's use of primary source quotes and photographs were
very helpful and illustrated Eleanor's journey to the White House very clearly. This
source conveyed ER's journey into becoming a respected leader and developing her
lasting legacy in the promotion of equality and rights.

Hickok, Lorena A. Eleanor Roosevelt: Reluctant First Lady. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1962.
Print.
This secondary source displays Eleanor's early public life and her reluctance to become a
first lady because she wanted to actively participate in solving the nation's problems and
believed that she would be restrained as a First Lady. Instead of falling into the common
role of the White House hostess, Eleanor worked to set the precedent of having a public
life and career. She used her leadership role as a First Lady to actively assist American
citizens.
Hoff-Wilson, Joan, and Marjorie Lightman. Without Precedent: The Life and Career of Eleanor
Roosevelt. Indiana University, 1984. Print.
As our website is centered around the life and times of Eleanor Roosevelt, we found it
helpful that this source described both the era of the Roosevelts as well as Eleanor's life
specifically. This book illuminated Eleanor's evolving roles as a leader who was
passionate in working for the betterment of the common people. Detailed about the Great
Depression and World War 2, we gathered more about Eleanor's roles in each period of
time from this source.
Lash, Joseph. Life Was Meant to Be Lived: A Centenary Portrait of Eleanor Roosevelt. New
York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1984. Print.
Although the source didn't have a lot of information on Eleanor from the start, it did
reflect on her achievements throughout the years on the mark of her 100th birthday. This
source gave us the basis to delve further into Eleanor's successes. This allowed us to
delve deeper into Eleanor's various accomplishments and her legacy.
Lash, Joseph P. Eleanor and Franklin: The Story of Their Relationship, Based on Eleanor
Roosevelt's Private Papers. New York: W.W. Norton, 2014. Print.
This particular source outlined the importance of Eleanor and Franklin Roosevelt's
relationship before and after his presidency. Focusing mainly on the partnership aspects
of Eleanor's time as First Lady, the book was very helpful in tracking relationships of the
socially active First Lady. A very interesting portion of the book also gave our group
insight on Eleanor as she fought with Madame Chiang Kai-Shek to prevent racial
injustice towards Asian-Americans. This allowed further analysis on the racial prejudice
that occurred during World War II and strengthened our argument on the persistence of
Eleanor during her First Ladyship.
Eleanor: The Years Alone. New York: Norton, 1972. Print.
This source gave a new perspective about Eleanor Roosevelt as it focused on her life after
FDR's death. Without the restraints of being a First Lady and a supporter of her husband,
ER is seen expanding her horizons in fighting for human rights. This book gave us

further knowledge about Eleanor's political and social activities as a widow and the
legacy it left for Americans and the world.
Levy, William Turner, and Cynthia Eagle Russett. The Extraordinary Mrs. R. New York: John
Wiley and Sons, 1999. Print.
Although this source was more informal than the others, it was still chock full of
knowledge on Eleanor's relationships with her husband, activists and American citizens.
This source depicted how Eleanor was more than just another First Lady and that she
connected with people in a new and memorable way. From this source we retained
information about influential people within Eleanor's life as well as those that she
influenced and affected.
Marsico, Katie. Eleanor Roosevelt. Edina: ABDO Pub., 2008. Print.
This source conveys the many aspects of Eleanor Roosevelt's life and gives us a better
concept about her roles while serving as the First Lady. Her ideas were valued by
President FDR because she interacted with a variety of people to have multiple
viewpoints about key issues. Eleanor refused to be just another pretty hostess and First
Lady as she took control of her own life to became a leader who fought for the people's
rights.
McAuley, Karen. Eleanor Roosevelt. New York: Chelsea, 1987. Print.
This source was a very good starting point because McAuley had very simple yet
understandable background knowledge on Eleanor Roosevelt. Beginning with her
childhood, the book takes the reader through all of Eleanor's struggles and
transformations. The information from this source was very helpful in highlighting the
high and low points of Eleanor's early life and her evolution into a strong, passionate
leader.
Parks, Lillian Rogers, and Frances Spatz Leighton. The Roosevelts: A Family in Turmoil.
Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1981. Print.
This source was very helpful as it showed the negative side to the Roosevelts' lives. With
details on FDR's affair, Eleanor's turbulent childhood and depression, it provided good
material to draw from for a rebuttal in how Eleanor overcame the obstacles within her life
to develop into a confident female leader. Through the portrayal of the blockades Eleanor
faced we retained a heightened awareness of Eleanor's strength which was critical in her
being a reliable public figure.
Roosevelt, David B. Grandmre: A Personal History of Eleanor Roosevelt. New York: Warner,
2002. Print.
Written by Eleanor Roosevelt's grandson, David B. Roosevelt, this source includes a
more personal recount about ER's life. This book gave us a better grasp of understanding

Eleanor's activism and her passion for promoting basic human freedoms. This was a
valuable source as it held information, quotes, and details that only those close to Eleanor
knew.
Roosevelt, Elliot. Eleanor Roosevelt, with Love: A Centenary Remembrance. New York: E. P.
Dutton, 1984. Print.
Written by Eleanor's son, this resource contained various primary and secondary
information that we gathered, including wonderful diary pages, photographs, and
memories of Eleanor Roosevelt. We were able to see the effect her life had on Elliot
Roosevelt's and the world as well. This source gave us insight on the lasting legacy
Eleanor left to all the people that she touched.
Roosevelt, Elliott, and James Brough. An Untold Story: The Roosevelts of Hyde Park. New York:
Putnam Sons, 1973. Print.
Written by Eleanor Roosevelt's son, Elliot Roosevelt, this source was a more personal
narrative of the relationship between Eleanor and FDR. This source gave us a new layer
of understanding about the dynamic partnership the married couple held in the world of
politics under the public view. We used this book to gain deeper insight about obstacles
Eleanor faced as a first lady and how she would overcome these difficulties to evolve into
an even stronger leader after being widowed.
Audiovisual
Voice of Allida Black: "She believed in democracy and the promise of America..." C-Span.
National Cable Satellite, 5 Feb. 2015. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
This particular secondary source is an interview of Allida Black as she discusses the
political views of Eleanor Roosevelt. Yet aside from being a Democrat, Eleanor is
described as being a courageous woman who fought for her country and her husband
regardless of what other people thought of her. Through this, Black describes Eleanor as
a persevering figure in order to maintain her influence as a leader.
Web sites, e-sources
Brandeis WGS. Web. 1 Feb. 2015.
This source gave us insight on ER's passion for education shown by her long-standing
relationship with Brandeis University. Her passion for education displayed her
willingness to impart her knowledge and experience onto the younger generation.
Serving various roles in the university this website allowed us to take note of how ER
was actively involved in the lives of students.
Edberg, Henrik. "Eleanor Roosevelts Top 7 Fundamentals for Making Life an Exciting and
Wonderful Adventure." Positivity Blog. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.

The source gave seven examples on how Eleanor discussed the key to happiness in life.
The given quotes and analyzations made by the author really gave our group the sense of
positivity Eleanor had as the First Lady and how much of an impact she made on the
people she spoke to. Furthermore, our group used quotes made by Eleanor that were in
the blog to further support the fact that she was a leader.
The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project. Web. 1 Feb. 2015.
This site provided various multimedia sources of Eleanor's writings and speeches. Having
access to excerpts of her published books, My Day newspaper columns, If You Ask Me
columns, correspondences, personal papers, articles, and radio broadcasts helped reveal
another layer to the complex philosophies of Eleanor Roosevelt. This source let us be
able to delve deeper into understanding ER's thoughts on controversial issues about
human rights.
"Eleanor Roosevelt Timeline." The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project. George Washington
University, Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
This particular source gave a list of six timelines during Eleanor Roosevelt's life from
1884 to 1962. The detailed timeline gave us a general idea of the things Eleanor did
before, during, and after FDR's presidency in both social and political aspects. As a
result, we were able to reference back to the timeline in order to organize a few events in
our timeline on the website, as well as gather some insight regarding these specific
events.
Eleanor Roosevelt: World's Most Admired Women. Web. 1 Feb. 2015.
Giving details about ER's involvement as a teacher and mentor at Todhunter School, this
source allows us to recognize how ER used her teaching role to educate the privileged
about the underprivileged. From this source we gathered how Eleanor held a leadership
role as a mentor and imparted her legacy onto her students through increasing their
awareness of current events. Her support for education is apparent as she taught about
issues of the time to her female students.
"First Lady Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt." National First Ladies' Library. National First
Ladies' Library. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
This particular source was a very detailed biography of Eleanor Roosevelt. The website
contained information regarding Eleanor based on her political views and family life. The
source was very useful in that it gave our group insight on the role Eleanor played in
many events such as World War I, World War II, and the Great Depression. Also, it gave
our group a basic understanding on what aspects of her actions made her a leader in
relation to this year's theme as well as one who leaves a legacy.

"From Eleanor Roosevelt to Michelle Obama, How First Ladies Can Be Assets to the
Presidency." Interview by Bryce Covert. Roosevelt Institute. Web. 9 Apr. 2015.
This source was about the role of the First Lady in current times as compared to the role
of the First Lady in the 1930s. This source revealed that modern First Ladies have taken
inspiration from Eleanor Roosevelt as they take a more active and involved roles in
humanitarian and political work. This source helped us expand our knowledge and
understanding on Eleanor Roosevelt by determining her legacy as a woman in
government.
Gibson, Nina, et al. "Eleanor Roosevelt." Interview by David McCullough and Narrator. PBS.
WGBH Educational Foundation. Web. 1 Feb. 2015.
This source allowed us to access comments Eleanor's friends and family made about her.
The responses during the interview unveiled a deeper understanding of Eleanor as a
person which advanced our perception of her as a leader. This source gave us insight
about ER's character and personality as well as let us view the various perspectives her
loved ones had of her.
Graham, Hugh Davis. "The Paradox of Eleanor Roosevelt: Alcoholisms Child." VQR: A
National Journal of Literature and Discussion. Virginia Quarterly Review, 12 Dec. 2003.
Web. 6 Apr. 2015.
This source gave an extremely in-depth analysis on the people who influenced Eleanor
towards her pathway as the First Lady. It discussed the alcoholism in her familial
environment that shaped her as a person and as a leader. It ultimately identified her as
someone who fought for her goals through the relationships she shared with her family
members. The article gave our group a tremendous amount of insight on Eleanor based
on her childhood and allowed us to connect past events with her role during FDR's
presidency.
Grossman, Jonathan. "Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938: Maximum Struggle for a Minimum
Wage." US Department of Labor. US Department of Labor, June 1978. Web. 2 Feb. 2015.
This particular source also served to describe the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and
its potential influence on American industry. Eleanor Roosevelt had played a role in
enacting this act alongside President FDR during the final years of the Great Depression.
This gave us insight on Eleanor's leading role in combating the depression and improving
working standards.
Klemesrud, Judy. "Assessing Eleanor Roosevelt as a Feminist." The New York Times. New York
Times Company, 5 Nov. 1984. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.
This particular source helped in giving our group different perspectives on the feministic
aspects of Eleanor Roosevelt. There were at least ten different people who discussed the
controversiality of Eleanor's background as a feminist in the news article. These ten

people were either feminists still alive during that time or even friends of Eleanor who
were there to support the fact that Eleanor was a true feminist. Consequently, the variety
of people who either agreed or disagreed with Eleanor being a feminist really benefitted
our research in terms of exploring a diverse set of perspectives.
"Marie Souvestre (1830-1905)." The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project. George Washington
University. Web. 6 Apr. 2015.
Although the source is a biography of Marie Souvestre, it outlines one of the most
influential figures who impacted Eleanor's life. After both her parents' deaths, Eleanor
joined Marie Souvestre and attended Allenswood Academy to fulfill her education.
Through her experiences at the Academy, Eleanor was shown to have gained confidence
and independence. The source, thus, gave our group a basic understanding of Eleanor's
upbringing as an orphan and her life under the care of an early feminist (Marie
Souvestre).
National Labor Relations Board. "National Labor Relations Act." National Labor Relations
Board. National Labor Relations Board. Web. 2 Feb. 2015.
This source was useful in that it provided some background information on the National
Labor Relations Act, in which Eleanor Roosevelt helped to enact. This conveyed to us
how Eleanor took an active role in improving how things were run during that time in
order to ensure that Americans were granted their basic rights. The act played a crucial
role in showing how much effort Eleanor was putting into improving the lives of the
unemployed.
"What New Deal Policies did Eleanor Roosevelt Influence?" The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers
Project. George Washington University. Web. 1 Feb. 2015.
This source gave us further insight about specific New Deal Policies which were
influenced by Eleanor Roosevelt. She used these policies to better the living conditions of
the American people during that time period. This let us delve deeper into how Eleanor as
a national leader used her authority to lessen the oppression people faced during the times
of the Depression.