NICMAR

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND

RESEARCH
CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENT

PREPARED BY

Mr. Neil Nicholas Vaz

NAME OF COURSE

PGPCM Module M13

REGISTRATION NO.

211-12-11-10221-2132

Course NO.

NCP 33

PAPER TITLE

CONSTRUCTION AND
ENVIRONMENT

ASSIGNMENT NO.

12

DATE OF SUBMISSION

28.05.13

NO OF PAGES

18

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ASSIGNMENT BRIEF:
A five star hotel of 300 rooms with adjacent Golf Coures has been plaaned by
your company engaged in project development at the foothills of Kumaon hills.
Project is spread over 1000 acres of foot hills on land intermittently plain and
intermittently hilly with streams. Your have been asked by the management to
make environment impact assessment of this project. Company wants to
undertake the advertisement campaign to minimize the threat from
environmentalists group. Discuss your plan.

OUTLINE IN BRIEF:
1. Environmental policy, laws and regulations for industrial Project.
2. Pollution control Air , water, noise, and hazardous waste
3. Environmental consequences of construction activity and the response to
it by communities, government and customers
4. Rehabilitation of displaced families.
5. Environment impact assessment
6. Conclusion / Recommendations
7. Bibliography/ Reference

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SOLUTION:
The Government has been deeply concerned in matters relating to
Environmental Protection and Conservation of Natural Resources in the State. It
is envisaged that in pursuance of the recently announced (September 1994)
Policy Statement on Industrial Development, a large number of developmental
projects will start getting implemented in the State in the near future and
produce new impacts on an already overburdened environment scenario. The
responsibility for environment protection and abatement of pollution is not a
duty of one department alone, nor is it the task of the Government alone. It is an
obligation on all, Government Departments and Agencies, public authorities
like the Panchayats and the Municipalities. Police, Industrial units, nonGovernment organisations and community based organisations. Environmental
issues are cross-sectoral. Hence the objective is to integrate environmental
considerations into decision making process at all levels. Public co-operation in
securing a clean environment to respond to the coming challenges is essential
It is in this light that this Policy Statement on Environment Protection and the
Conservation of Natural Resources is hereby adopted by the State Government
to reconcile pro-development and pro-environment goals. The following will be
its salient features:
Activities will be intensified to control water, air and noise pollution within
permissible limits. Specific environmental pollution problems created by the
organized industries and in established industrial areas will be attempted to be
controlled in a 10 years programme after preparation of relevant action plans;

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Rivers, reservoirs, water bodies and watersheds in the State will be protected
from encroachments maintained and developed for ecological balance to
provide for agriculture, irrigation, industrial, drinking and other civic purposes;
Afforestation, wasteland development, protection and enhancement of
biodiversity and wildlife will be accelerated, and reserved and protected forests
will be enriched with qualitative genetic improvements;
Action plans will be prepared in phases for improving the physical environment
of the cities and towns in the State in order to improve their sustainability by
way of increasing their efficiency, productivity, health, and reducing their risks
and hazards.
Location of industries, urban development, other major infrastructural and civic
facilities will be implemented in accordance with the extant regulations and
with prior assessment of environmental impacts in accordance with this policy;
Special emphasis will be given for water and waste management through
scientific processes of demand management, recycling and reuse Importance
will be given and efforts will be made to establish and encourage working
relationships between Government-industry, public-private, industry-academia,
NGO/ CBO-Government-private,Government-media etc. in order to secure cooperation, generate increased awareness, and promote active participation in all
environmental projects in the State. Various tiers of public authorities and
societal organisations will be empowered to discharge specific responsibilities
and obligations for this purpose; Legislation and regulations relating to
environmental protection and conservation of natural resources will be amended

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to make them simpler, more easily enforceable and more easily understood in
the larger interests of the society.
For protection of environment, conservation of natural resources, abatement of
pollution and promote environmental awareness, a coordination machinery
among various Government Departments, viz. Forest, Agriculture, Irrigation,
Industry, Municipal Affairs, Urban Development, Health, Public Health, Dev. &
Planning, Transport, Rural Development, Panchayat, Science & Technology,
Home, Law, I & CA etc. will be set up to prepare specific action plans, achieve
interdepartmental cohesion, and monitor the progress and implemention of this
Policy Statement. The Environment Department will act as the nodal
department for this purpose; The State Government will explore all possibilities
of national and inter-national finances and commit sufficient funds for
implementation of this policy.
The basic thrust of this policy is to ensure that the tempo of developmental
activities is increased and facilitated by also taking into account the
preservation and conservation of environment and natural resources. The
environmental protection Rules 1986 , the rules seeks to carry out the provision
of

the EPA and meet the specific problems related to the environment

protection and improvement of the environment.

All economic activities related to processing of materials can cause health

problems for the workers unless adequate care is taken to protect them from
contamination with solid wastes, effluent and emissions. Long-term exposure
to hazardous substances and excessive heat, light, noise, etc., can cause

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considerable damage to the health of industrial workers. Constant exposure to

excessive noise, can lead to loss of a workers hearing. Industrial diseases are
also contracted through the entry of various toxic substances into the body
(chemicals, dusts, fuels or gases). The ingestion of these substances can be
through lungs, skin or mouth. They can cause direct poisoning (as lead and
mercury does); an allergic response (as industrial dermatitis), sterility, abortion
or congenital abnormality (as in the case with radiation), or specific diseases
such as lung, skin, and bladder cancer. Dust can be a cause of serious illness or
even death from lung disease. Asbestosis and mesotheliomer are caused by
inhalation of asbestos dust and can even be fatal.
These are all recognised as industrial diseases if the victims are known to have
been exposed to particular substances. Increasingly, such occupational
exposures to chemicals represent a key environmental problem. Tens of
thousands of chemicals are on the market and many of these are in regular use
in industry. New chemicals also keep entering the market nearly every day.
Thus, the varieties of possible hazards are growing all the time. Such hazards
are not confined to chemical factories alone. Detergents and bleaches for
example, used by laundries, can also pose a threat to health. Among the
industries and allied activities in West Bengal posing substantial health hazards
including death are jute, cotton, textiles, paper, tanneries, electroplating &
galvanising, offset printing, paints, chemicals & rubber, batteries, pesticides,
fireworks, welding, synthetic fibres, pharmaceuticals, x-rays, dry-cleaning;
blast furnace, rolling mills, foundries etc.

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Solid waste management:

It has been mentioned in many contexts in hotel waste what importance is to be
given to waste management in order to avoid causing harmful impacts upon
environment. Management practices, on technological considerations, differ
between solid, liquid and gaseous wastes solid waste disposal-systems work
within discussed. The emphasis would be put on solid waste management in the
urban centres, since the agglomeration effects are acutely manifested there. The
inadequacies in this regard affect life and environment in many different
manner. These will be highlighted in their contexts.
Mostly the garbage is collected by the Municipalities from these bins and
carried away to the place of disposal by means of mechanised transport. In
certain cases there are arrangement of collection of garbage from the bins
located in the narrow streets in wheel barrows which are then placed in a larger
bin on the main road from where the trucks collect the same. In market areas
and public places the sweepers on the payroll of the municipalities collect the
garbage from the place of the disposal.
The types of trucks like tippers and compactors are rarely used for garbage
collection from hote. In most cases the disposal is done by dumping in low
lying areas of the cities or at some land specially procured for the purpose. With
the pressure on land and with growing urbanisation such areas are becoming
more and more rare. The growth of the towns also poses problems regarding the
continued use of these disposal sites. Mechanical composting has so far been
rarely used. Incineration or scientific landfill are not practised.
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There are arrangements for separate storage and collection of the municipal
waste and hospital waste. In practice, the hospital wastes are collected along
with the household waste, causing major health risk due to their large
pathogenic content. Lack of infrastructure facilities, institutional weakness of
the local bodies and lack of effective labour control are the general problems in
the solid waste management that creates a serious environmental hazard.
Environmental Service Improvement Programme
The Environmental Services Improvement Programme is intended to provide
enhanced sustainable levels of service in the key environmental sectors of water
supply and waste management. The programme aims to encourage better access
to basic environmental services for all, sustainability in the processes of
provision, operation, maintenance of environment-related municipal services.
To meet the objectives of the Environmental Services Improvement
Programme, an integrated set of components and sub-components is envisaged
which comprise packages of short, medium and long term interventions. The
major components are as follows :
Water Resource Management Component (Equitable access to water through
improved resource management).
Parallel sub-components relating to the operation and maintenance of treatment
facilities and water resources management are included through :

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Water Treatment Improvement and Water Resources Study.

Water Source Protection Component (A basic right to sanitation and a clean and
healthy environment)
The fundamental objective of the Water Source Protection Component is to
improve access to basic sanitation for the urban poor and maximise the utility of
existing sewerage, drainage and sewage disposal facilities. In order to achieve
this, the component includes a range of sub-components to achieve the objective
of providing a healthier, productive and protected environment. The subcomponents are :
Storm Water Drainage Cleaning and Rehabilitation;
Septic Tank Cleaning;
Improved Basic Access to Sanitation;
Household Sewer Connection and Tertiary Sewer Installation;
Sewer Cleaning and Rehabilitation; and
Sewage and Waste Water Treatment and Reuse.

Solid Waste Management Component

There are three broad stages in the solid waste management process, primary
collection, transfer and transport to the disposal site and disposal. The MEIS
identified the need for the following sub-components :
Evaluation of Collection and Handling Technologies;

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Community Waste Management;

Operations Improvement;
Municipal Waste Disposal; and
Solid Waste Management Improvement.
The first of these programme sub-components is a prerequisite to the others in
that improvements in collection and transport will not occur without the
introduction of appropriate technologies while effective disposal cannot be
achieved without functioning systems for the collection and transport of waste.
Urban Land Management Programme
Land management will determine the location, the economic viability of
industry, the ability to meet future infrastructure needs or protect sensitive
resources, and the ability of urban managers to assist the poor in their efforts to
find shelter and to guide the planning of the urban growth. It is therefore
necessary to provide the with a structured approach to promote the management
and co-ordination of all economic, administrative, institutional, legislative and
policy matters concerning land.

To over come environmental threaten from Environmentalists Group:

The environmental review process results in one of three endpoints:
1. Categorical Exclusion (CE) from substantive environmental review the
project is of such a type and size that no significant impact is expected.
2. An Environmental Assessment (EA) reveals that no significant impact is
expected results in a Finding of No Significant Impact (
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3. A significant impact is expected. An Environmental Impact Statement

(EIS) determines that the proposed project - in comparison to available
alternatives - is nonetheless worth doing results in a Record of
Decision (ROD).
The enhancements to the states environmental review process to make it
include the following:
Consult With Applicant:
The State will confer with State Revolving Fund loan applicants early in the
project formulation stage to determine the environmental review requirements
and will provide applicants with the latest applicable state guidance for
environmental review.
Environmental Information Document (EID):
The State will assure that the applicant prepares an EID that describes and
evaluates the environmental impacts of the feasible alternatives, including the
no-action alternative. The EID should contain specific and relevant information
that will allow a decision to be made about the impact the project will have on
the environment.
Public Input
The State will assure that the applicant conducts at least one public hearing or
public meeting for all projects except for those proposed for Categorical
Exclusion. No public meeting or public hearing is required for projects
proposed for Categorical Exclusion.

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Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI)

The FONSI will be signed as directed by the Director of the Division of
Environmental Health and distributed by the State. The applicant generally
prepares the EA under PWS guidance, and PWS prepares the FONSI in
accordance with NCEPA.
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
The State will determine if an EIS should be prepared for a proposed project. If
a CE or FONSI cannot be issued, an EIS is required for the project to progress.
Construction Environmental Consequences
Construction of any of the restoration alternatives would result in positive shortterm economic impacts from increased employment, spending, and business
transactions. Principal direct effects on employment in Imperial County or
central Riverside County would be from hiring local workers for hauling and
other construction work. Additional indirect employment and earnings would
also be expected as a result of increased area employment and expenditures.
There could be temporary impacts to housing because about 80 percent of
construction workers are anticipated to come from outside the region. Current
housing vacancy, land zoned for development, and temporary facilities (e.g.,
hotels and apartments) have sufficient capacity to accommodate the workers, so
the impact is not expected to be significant. The common actions that would be
implemented with each alternative, including fish harvesting, improvements to
recreation facilities, shoreline cleanup, and wildlife disease control, would have
immediate beneficial impacts on the area.

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Rehabilation of Displaced Families:

For the Displaced families approach to resettlement and rehabilitation
for every one is considered.Creating the entitlement of PAPs
compensatory land, hoses and payment for other contingencies
Provision of social and physical rehabilitation infrastructure and
proivision community services and facilites.
Setting up administrative machinery for progrmme implementation and
training personals.
Allocating finicial and physical resoureces as required.
Making bound action plan.
Setting up monitoring and evalvating system.
Implimentation of action plan.
Environmental impact assessment
The term 'environmental impact assessment' (EIA) describes a procedure that
must be followed for certain types of project before they can be given
'development consent'. The procedure is a means of drawing together, in a
systematic way, an assessment of a project's likely significant environmental
effects. This helps to ensure that the importance of the predicted effects, and the
scope for reducing them, are properly understood by the public and the relevant
competent authority before it makes its decision.
Environmental impact assessment enables environmental factors to be given
due weight, along with economic or social factors, when planning applications

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are being considered. It helps to promote a sustainable pattern of physical

development and land and property use in cities, towns and the countryside. If
properly carried out, it benefits all those involved in the planning process.
From the developer's point of view, the preparation of an environmental
statement in parallel with project design provides a useful framework within
which environmental considerations and design development can interact.
Environmental analysis may indicate ways in which the project can be modified
to avoid possible adverse effects, for example through considering more
environmentally friendly alternatives. Taking these steps is likely to make the
formal planning approval stages run more smoothly.
For the planning authority and other public bodies with environmental
responsibilities, environmental impact assessment provides a basis for better
decision making. More thorough analysis of the implications of a new project
before a planning application is made, and the provision of more
comprehensive information with the application, should enable authorities to
make swifter decisions. While the responsibility for compiling the
environmental statement rests with the developer, it is expected that the
developer will consult those with relevant information, and the Regulations
specifically require that public authorities which have information in their
possession which is relevant to the preparation of the environmental statement
should make it available to the developer.
The general public's interest in a major project is often expressed as concern
about the possibility of unknown or unforeseen effects. By providing a full

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analysis of a project's effects, an environmental statement can help to allay fears

created by lack of information. At the same time, early engagement with the
public when plans are still fluid can enable developers to make adjustments
which will help to secure a smoother passage for the proposed development and
result in a better environmental outcome. The environmental statement can also
help to inform the public on the substantive issues which the local planning
authority will have to consider in reaching a decision. It is a requirement of the
Regulations that the environmental statement must include a description of the
project and its likely effects together with a summary in non-technical
language. One of the aims of a good environmental statement should be to
enable readers to understand for themselves how its conclusions have been
reached, and to form their own judgements on the significance of the
environmental issues raised by the project.
Environmental impact assessment can therefore be helpful to all those
concerned with major projects. The following paragraphs describe the
procedures for deciding whether EIA is necessary in a particular case and,
where it is, for carrying out the assessment. The procedure is intended to make
the most of the potential benefits of EIA, while keeping the process as simple
and flexible as possible, and avoiding any duplication of existing planning
procedures
Preparing an environmental statement: the planning procedures
Preliminary consultations
Content of the environmental statement
Statutory and other consultees; the general public

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 Techniques of assessment; sources of advice

Submission of environmental statement with planning application
Handling by the planning authority
Requests for further information
Determination of application
Appeals and call-ins
Procedural stages

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Conclusion/ recommendation:
Any project which is against the environment will cause the damages to
environment system. For the five star hotel project proper planning to be made
with respect environmental policies and laws and regulations from respective
authority. Pollution control plan and rehabilitations plan also be planned in
advance in approval stage. Environmental impact assessment program should
be done.
As part of the environmental protection strategy, a post-construction mitigation,
compensation, restoration, and reporting plan, referred to in this document as an
Implementation Plan, will be developed through coordination with the state and
federal agencies responsible for the Restoration Project. This plan will provide
detailed information on how each mitigation measure will be implemented and
monitored during the preconstruction, construction, and post-construction
periods.
The implementation plan will contain the following documents:
Storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) (including specific
erosion control and site reclamation measures),
spill contingency plan,
riparian restoration plan,
wetland restoration plan,
oak planting plan,

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 noxious weed eradication plan, and

environmental compliance monitoring program.
Bibliography / References
Text book of NICMAR Construction and Environment.
Govt. Of India Environmental laws and regulations. Booklet.

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