Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jeff Lamoree
Member, IEEE
Electrotek Concepts, Inc.
Knoxville, Tennessee
Dave Mueller
Member, IEEE
Electrotek Concepts, Inc.
Knoxville, Tennessee
Paul Vinett
Senior Member, IEEE
Central Hudson Gas &
Electric Corp.
Poughkeepsie, New York
William Jones
Member, IEEE
Public Service Company of
New Mexico
Albuquerque, New Mexico
p
Phase C-A Voltage
RMS Variation
Trigger
Voltage (%)
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
Duration
0.150 Sec
Min
81.38
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Time (Seconds)
Voltage
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
-150
Ave
96.77
Max
101.4
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Time (mSeconds)
BMI/Electrotek
30-40%
Below Normal Voltage
10%
40-50%
Below Normal Voltage
2%
>50%
Below Normal Voltage
0%
20-30%
Below Normal Voltage
10%
0-10%
Below Normal Voltage
44%
10-20%
Below Normal Voltage
34%
100
90
Single-Line-To-Ground Fault
80
70
60
3 Phase Fault
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2500
5000
7500
10000
12500
15000
Number
of Events
2
<2
100
2-4
4-6
9085-
6-10
80-
10-20
7570-
20-30
6560-
>30
5550<50
80
95
90
75
70
65
60
55
Controller
85
80
Trip Voltage
Percent
Duration
(Cycles)
60
CBEMA
40
20
0
0.1
10
100
1000
33.9
35
23.3
25
Events
Per 20
Year
46kV
115kV
15.2
15
230kV
10.3
345kV
5.0
10
5
Chip Testers
Fault
Location
30
1.8
0
<50%
<60%
<70%
<80%
<85%
<90%
Voltage Sags
(Percent Normal Voltage)
Max
Min
Voltage (%)
250
109.0
0.000
200
150
100
SON_IN
Phase B Voltage
Wave Fault
Tester
Trip
Level
150
50
Max 122.9
100
1
10
Time (Cycles)
Min -153.0
50
0
0.001 0.01 0.1
BMI/Electrotek
Duration
0.019 Sec
0
-50
-100
-150
DC Drives
-200
0
BMI/Electrotek
Trip Voltage
Percent
80
60
Type 1
40
20
Type 2
0
0.1
10
100
1000
Customer Solutions
Customer solutions usually involve power conditioning for
sensitive loads. Proper application of power conditioning
equipment requires an understanding of the capabilities of
the device.
Also important is a definition of the
requirements of sensitive or critical loads. The figure
below is a schematic of the general approach used. Power
conditioning equipment is used to isolate equipment from
high frequency noise and transient power disturbances, or
to provide voltage sag ride through capability, or both.
Prevent faults
Modify fault clearing practices
Trip Voltage
Percent
80
60
CBEMA
40
w/Ferro Xfmr
20
0.1
10
100
1000
3 Phase
Input
3 Phase
Output
Capacitive
Energy Storage
Trip Voltage
Percent
80
CBEMA
60
Mag. Syn.
40
20
0
0.1
10
100
1000
REFERENCES
1.
2.
Isolation Switch
Utility
Supply
Protected
Load
3.
Inverter
Voltage
Regulator
GTO Switch
dc Power
Supply
4.
Magnet
6.
ANSI/IEEE
Standard
446-1987,
IEEE
Recommended Practice for Emergency and
Standby Power for Industrial and Commercial
Applications. New York: IEEE, 1987, pp. 74-75.
Lamoree, J., Smith, J. C., Vinett, P., Duffy, T.,
and Klein, M., "The Impact of Voltage Sags on
Industrial Plant Loads." Paper presented at the
First International Conference on Power Quality:
End-Use Applications and Perspectives, Paris,
France, October 14-16, 1991.
Lamoree, J., Vinett, P., DeWinkel, C., Kostecki,
E., and Temple, R., "Application of a
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
Device to Improve Facility Power Quality."
Paper presented at the Second International
Conference on Power Quality:
End-Use
Applications and Perspectives, Atlanta, Georgia,
September 28-30, 1992.
M. McGranaghan, D. Mueller, and M. Samotyj,
"Voltage Sags In Industrial Systems," IEEE/IAS
I&CPS Annual Meeting, 1991, 91CH2990-0, pp.
18-24.
L. Conrad, K. Little, and C. Grigg, "Predicting
and Preventing Problems Associated with Remote
Fault-Clearing Voltage Dips," IEEE Transactions
on Industry Applications, vol. 27, pp. 167-172,
Jan. 1991.
V.E. Wagner, A.A. Andreshak, and J.P. Staniak,
"Power Quality and Factory Automation," IAS
Annual Meeting, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 1391-1396.