Physical Quantities

Basic Mechanical

Quantity

Definition

Length or Distance

fundamental

Time
Mass

Formula

Units

Dimensions

m (meter)

L (Length)

fundamental

s (second)

T (Time)

fundamental

kg (kilogram)

M (Mass)

Area

distance2

m2

L2

Volume

distance3

A = d2
V = d3

m3

L3

Density

mass / volume

d = m/V

kg/m3

M/L3

Velocity

distance / time

v = d/t

m/s

L/T

c (speed of light)
Acceleration

velocity / time

a = v/t

m/s2

L/T2

Momentum

mass velocity

p = mv

kgm/s

ML/T

Force

mass acceleration

F = ma

N (newton) = kgm/s2

ML/T2

mass acceleration of gravity

W = mg

Pressure or Stress

force / area

p = F/A

Pa (pascal) = N/m2 = kg/(ms2)

M/LT2

Energy or Work

force distance

E = Fd

J (joule) = Nm = kgm2/s2

ML2/T2

Kinetic Energy

mass velocity2 / 2

KE = mv2/2

Potential Energy

mass acceleration of gravity

Weight

PE = mgh

height
Power

energy / time

P = E/t

W (watt) = J/s = kgm2/s3

ML2/T3

Impulse

force time

I = Ft

Ns = kgm/s

ML/T

Action

energy time

S = Et

Js = kgm2/s

ML2/T

momentum distance

S = pd

h (quantum of action)

Angle

fundamental

(degree), rad (radian), rev

Cycles

fundamental

cyc (cycles)

dimensionless

Frequency

cycles / time

f = n/t

Hz (hertz) = cyc/s = 1/s

1/T

Angular Velocity

angle / time

= /t

rad/s = 1/s

1/T

Angular Acceleration

angular velocity / time

= /t

rad/s2 = 1/s2

1/T2

Moment of Inertia

mass radius2

I = mr2

kgm2

ML2

radius momentum

L = rp

Js = kgm2/s

ML2/T

moment of inertia

L = I

(quantum of angular momentum)

radius force

= rF

Nm = kgm2/s2

ML2/T2

moment of inertia

= I

dimensionless

Rotational Mechanical

360 = 2 rad = 1 rev

Angular Momentum

angular velocity
Torque or Moment

Thermal

angular acceleration
Temperature

fundamental

C (celsius), K (kelvin)

K (Temp.)

Heat

heat energy

J (joule) = kgm2/s2

ML2/T2

Entropy

heat / temperature

S = Q/T

J/K

ML2/T2K

Electric Charge +/

fundamental

C (coulomb)

Q (Charge)

Electromagnetic

e (elementary charge)
Current

charge / time

i = q/t

A (amp) = C/s

Q/T

Voltage or Potential

energy / charge

V = E/q

V (volt) = J/C

ML2/QT2

Resistance

voltage / current

R = V/i

(ohm) = V/A

ML2/Q2T

Capacitance

charge / voltage

C = q/V

F (farad) = C/V

Q2T2/ML2

Inductance

voltage / (current / time)

L = V/(i/t)

H (henry) = Vs/A

ML2/Q2

Electric Field

voltage / distance

E = V/d

V/m = N/C

ML/QT2

force / charge

E = F/q

Electric Flux

electric field area

Vm = Nm2/C

ML3/QT2

Magnetic Field

force / (charge velocity)

E = EA

B = F/(qv)

T (tesla) = Wb/m2 = Ns/(Cm)

M/QT

Magnetic Flux

magnetic field area

M = BA

Wb (weber) = Vs = Js/C

ML2/QT

Note: Other conventions define different quantities to be fundamental.

Mass, energy, momentum, angular momentum, and charge are conserved, which means the total amount does not change in an isolated system.

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