SEMINAR JAVA JUNIT

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JUnit ???

Cc ngn ng lp trnh nh nh ASP, C++, C, Delphi, Perl, PHP,

REBOL, Python, u c b h tr Unit Test ring ca n. JUnit l
mt framework c dng cho Unit Test trong Java.

y cng l mt trong nhng test framework ph bin nht cho

Java ( bn cnh TestNG ). Vic thc hin Unit Test trong Java l bt
buc hu ht cc d n pht trin phn mm m bo cht
lng sn phm.

lp trnh vin s dng cng c Unit Testing song hnh vi qu trnh

pht trin ng dng nhm nhanh chng pht hin nhng li logic
khi vit m.

Nu khng c cc cng c Unit Testing, khi bn vit d ch mt hm

trong chng trnh thi, th bn s lm mt vic lp i lp li mt
cch nhm chn l: mi ln chnh sa m lnh u phi cho gi
tr u vo ri chy on code mnh va vit xong v nhn xem kt
qu u ra c ng hay khng.

Khi qut JUnit

Unit testing l cng c test n thc th ( class hoc method )

Unit testing v cng cn thit i vi hu ht cc cng ty phn mm l

minh chng cht lng sn phm cho i tc ca h

Unit testing chia lm 2 hng

Manual testing ( th cng )

>>Thc hin test case bng cch th cng m khng nh s h tr t cng
c test .
Tn nhn lc: Nhiu test case cn c thc hin th cng cn nhiu
tester

tin cy thp : do s nhm ln , sai st ca con ngi

Non-programmable: Cc dng test khng qu phc tp nn t khi d c

bug n

Features ( tnh nng )

JUnit l mt m ngun m Java th nghim khung c s dng

vit v chy th nghim lp li.

Cung cp Assertion ( xc thc ) kim tra kt qu mong i

Cung cp Annotation ( ch gii ) xc nh cc phng thc test

Cung cp Test runner thc hin test

JUnit test c th t chc thnh b test ( test suite ) cha nhiu php
th ( test case ) hoc c th cha cc test suite khc

JUnit xut qu trnh test qua thanh trng thi :

Pass

Fail

Ch gii
Ch gii trong JUnit cung cp cho chng ta thng tin v cc phng
thc test , nh phng thc no s chy trc & sau cc phng thc
test , phng thc no hay lp no s b b qua trong qu trnh thc thi
.
@Test
Thng bo JUnit rng phng thc public void di y hot ng nh
test case
@Before
Cc phng thc km ch gii ny s c thc thi trc mi phng
thc test
@After
Ch thch rng phng thc public void km @After s khin cc
phng thc c thc thi sau phng thc Test
@BeforeClass
Ch thch phng thc public static void c thc thi trc ht bt k
phng thc test no trong class
@AfterClass
Thng dng khi thc hin hot ng dn dp , ty xa ( sau khi chy
xong tt c test
@Ignore

JUnit API
Gi quan trng nht trong JUnit l junit.framework bao hm tt c cc lp c bn

Assert
1 b cc phng thc xc thc ( assert )
Test Case
Php th nh ngha b khung chun chy nhiu
b test
TestResult
TestResult thu thp cc kt qu tr v khi thc thi 1
test case
TestSuite
TestSuite cha phc hp nhiu b test

Lp Assert
PUBLIC CLASS ASSERT EXTENDS

JAVA.LANG.OBJECT

Bao gm cc phng thc assertXXX() :

Void assertEquals(boolean expected , boolean actual) :

So snh 2 gi tr kim tra bng nhau. Test s c chp nhn

nu cc gi tr bng nhau

Void assertFalse(boolean condition) : nh gi biu thc

lun l. Test s c chp nhn nu biu thc sai

Void assertNotNull(Object object) :

So snh tham chiu ca mt i tng vi null. Test s c chp

nhn nu tham chiu i tng khc null

Void assertNull(Object object) So snh tham chiu ca mt

i tng vi gi tr null. Test s c chp nhn nu tham
chiu l null

Void assertTrue(boolean condition) nh gi mt biu thc

lun l. Test s c chp nhn nu biu thc ng

Void fail() : Phng thc ny lm cho test hin hnh tht bi,
phng thc ny thng c s dng khi x l cc bit l

@Test
public void testAssertions() {
//test data
String str1 = new String ("abc");
String str2 = new String ("abc");
String str3 = null;
String str4 = "abc";
String str5 = "abc";
int val1 = 5;
int val2 = 6;
String[] expectedArray = {abc", def", bbb"};
String[] resultArray = {abc, def", bbb"};
//Check that two objects are equal
assertEquals(str1, str2);
//Check that a condition is true
assertTrue (val1 < val2);
//Check that a condition is false
assertFalse(val1 > val2);
//Check that an object isn't null
assertNotNull(str1);
//Check that an object is null
assertNull(str3);
//Check if two object references point to the same object
assertSame(str4,str5);
//Check if two object references not point to the same object
assertNotSame(str1,str3);
//Check whether two arrays are equal to each other.
assertArrayEquals(expectedArray, resultArray);
}

To TestRunner chy test case ( test assertion )

import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
import org.junit.runner.Result;
import
org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;
public class TestRunner2 {
public static void main(String[] args)

{
Result result =
JUnitCore.runClasses(TestAssertions.class);
for (Failure failure : result.getFailures())
{
System.out.println(failure.toString());
}
System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
}
}

Lp Test Case
PUBLIC ABSTRACT CLASS TestCase extends Assert implement Test

int countTestCases()
>> m s php th c gi bi run(TestResult result)
TestResult createResult()
>> To i tng TestResult mc nh
String getName()
>> Gets the name of a TestCase.
TestResult run()
Phng thc chy test v thu thp kt qu vi i tng TestResult
void run(TestResult result)
Chy test case v xut kt qu trong TestResult
void setName(String name)
Sets the name of a TestCase.
void setUp()
VD nh thc hin m kt ni
void tearDown()
VD nh hy kt ni
String toString()
Tr v chui i din cho php th .

setUp() v tearDown()

Hai phng thc ny l mt phn ca lp

junit.framework.TestCase.

Khi s dng hai phng thc ny s gip chng ta trnh c vic

trng m khi nhiu test cng chia s nhau phn khi to v dn
dp cc bin.

Sau khi to xong tt c cc i tng test case, JUnit tun theo cc

bc sau cho mi phng thc test:
Gi phng thc setUp() ca test case
Gi phng thc th
Gi phng thc tearDown() ca test case
Qu trnh ny c lp li i vi mi phng thc th trong Test
Case.
Thng thng chng ta c th b qua phng thc tearDown() v
mi phng thc th ring khng phi l nhng tin trnh chy tn
nhiu thi gian v cc i tng c thu dn khi my o Java (JVM)
thot.

Phng thc tearDown() c th c s dng khi test ca bn

thc hin nhng thao tc nh m kt ni n c s d liu hay s
dng cc loi ti nguyn khc ca h thng v bn cn phi dn
dp ngay lp tc.

import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestJunit2 extends TestCase {
protected double fValue1;
protected double fValue2;
@Before
public void setUp() {
fValue1= 2.0;
fValue2= 3.0;
}
@Test
public void testAdd() {
//Dem so phep thu
System.out.println(So luong Test Case = "+ this.countTestCases());

//test getName
String name= this.getName();
System.out.println("Test Case Name = "+ name);

Lp TestResult
Public class TestResult extends <Object>
void addError(Test test, Throwable t)
Thm bo li trong danh sch li
void endTest(Test test)
Thng bo test hon tt
int errorCount()
Tr v s li pht hin c
int failureCount()
Tr v s kt qu sai pht hin c
void run(TestCase test)
Chy TestCase.
int int runCount()
Tr v s lng test ang chy
void startTest(Test test)
Thng bo test chun b chy
void stop()
nh du vic chy test nn ngng .

import org.junit.Test;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import junit.framework.TestResult;
public class TestJunit3 extends TestResult {
// add the error
public synchronized void addError(Test test, Throwable t) {
super.addError((junit.framework.Test) test, t);
}
// add the failure
public synchronized void addFailure(Test test, AssertionFailedError t) {
super.addFailure((junit.framework.Test) test, t);
}
@Test
public void testAdd() {
// add any test
}
// Marks that the test run should stop.
public synchronized void stop() {
//stop the test here
}
}
To TestRunner chy Test case ( vd : TestRunner3 )

import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
import org.junit.runner.Result;
import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;
public class TestRunner3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(TestJunit3.class);
for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
System.out.println(failure.toString());
}
System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
}
}

Test Suite

Chng ta khng nn kt hp nhiu php th khng lin

quan n nhau vo trong cng mt phng thc testXXX().
Mt phng thc th c th cha nhiu hn mt phng
thc assertXXX(). Khi chng ta cn kim tra mt dy cc
iu kin v mt php th tht bi s khin cc test theo
sau tht bi , khi chng ta c th kt hp nhiu phng
thc assertXXX() vo trong mt phng thc th.
Thng thng th JUnit s t ng to ra cc Test Suite ng
vi mi Test Case. Tuy nhin, chng ta cng c th t to ra
cc Test Suite ring ca mnh bng cch t chc cc Test
Case vo Test Suite, c h tr bi lp
junit.framework.TestSuite. Test Suite cho php kt hp
cc Test Case to ra mt php th tng qut.

public class TestXXX extends TestCase{

public static Test suite() {

return new TestSuite(TestXXX.class);
}
}
Bng cch truyn i tng TestXXX.class vo hm khi
to TestSuite, chng ta ang thng bo cho JUnit bit
xc nh tt c cc phng thc TestXXX () ca lp
TestXXX v thm chng vo suite. Chng ta c th kt
hp nhiu suite vo cc suite khc. V d nh sau:
public static Test suite() {
TestSuite suite = new TestSuite(TestXXX.class);
suite.addTest(new TestSuite(TestYYY.class));
return suite;
}

s dng Junit Test , ta click chut phi vo Java Project to

chn Properties > Java Build Path > Library> Add Library >
Junit> Ty chn Junit 3 hoc 4> Finish
Ta to mt class nh sau: Money.java
package Money;
public class Money {
private double amount;
private String currency;
public Money(double amount, String currency) {
this.amount = amount;
this.currency = currency;
}
public boolean equals (Money a){
if (this.amount==a.amount&&
this.currency.equals(a.currency))
return true;
else return false; }
public Money AddMoney (Money a, Money b){
if (a.equals(b))
{Money c= new Money(0,a.currency);
c.amount=a.amount+b.amount;
return c; }
else return null;
}

Sau click chut phi vo class chn New > Junit

Test Case > chng trnh s t t tn theo quy c
chun nh sau:
Test Case Class: c t tn [classname]Test.java,
vi classname l tn ca lp c test.
Test Case Method: c t tn test[methodname],
vi methodname l tn ca phng thc c test.
Test Suite: mc nh tn cho Eclipse l AllTests.java

Ta ch cn tip tc chn Next > chn phng thc

cn test > Finish.

package Money;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
public class MoneyTest {
@Test
public void testEqualsMoney() {
Money m1 = new Money(200, VND);
Money m2 = new Money(1000, VND);
assertTrue(m1.equals(new Money(200, VND)));
assertFalse(m1.equals(m2));
}
@Test
public void testAddMoney() {
Money m1 = new Money(200, VND);
Money m2 = new Money(1000, VND);
Money result = m1.AddMoney(m1,m2);
Money expected = new Money(1200, VND);
assertTrue(Result,expected.equals(result));
}
}

Test lp

phi to mt lp con tha k t lp junit.framework.TestCase. Mi unit test c i din

bi mt phng thc testXXX() bn trong lp con ca lp TestCase
Ta c mt lp Person nh sau:
public class Person {
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
public Person(String firstName, String lastName) {
if (firstName == null && lastName == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(Both names cannot be null);
}
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getFullName() {
String first = (this.firstName != null) ? this.firstName : ?;
String last = (this.lastName != null) ? this.lastName : ?;
return first + last;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return this.firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return this.lastName;
}
}

vit mt test case n gin test mt s phng thc ca lp trn

import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class TestPerson extends TestCase {
public TestPerson(String name) {
super(name);
}
/**
* Xac nhan rang name duoc the hien dung dinh dang
*/
public void testGetFullName() {
Person p = new Person(Aidan, Burke);
assertEquals(Aidan Burke, p.getFullName());
}
/**
* Xac nhan rang nulls da duoc xu ly chinh xac
*/
public void testNullsInName() {
Person p = new Person(null, Burke);
assertEquals(? Burke, p.getFullName());
p = new Person(Tanner, null);
assertEquals(Tanner ?, p.getFullName());
}
}

 bin dch TestPerson, chng ta phi khai bo gi th vin

junit trong bin ng mi trng classpath
set classpath=%classpath%;.;junit.jar
javac TestPerson
chy mt JUnit TestCase, ta c 2 cch
Chy vi mi trng text, cc bn g lnh
java junit.textui.TestRunner TestPerson
Sau khi chy s c kt qu
Chy vi mi trng ha
java junit.swingui.TestRunner TestPerson
Chng ta c th chy trc tip cc TestCase m khng mun
kch hot mt trong cc test runner ca JUnit. Chng ta s
thm phng thc main() vo test case. VD :
public class TestGame extends TestCase {

public static void main(String []args) {

junit.textui.TestRunner.run(new
TestSuite(TestGame.class))
}
}

vit mt on test sau y:

public void testGame() throws BadGameException{
Game game = new Game();
Ship fighter = game.createFighter(001);
assertEquals(Fighter did not have the correct
identifier, 001, this.fighter.getId());

Ship fighter2 = this.game.createFighter(001);

assertSame(createFighter with same id should
return same object, fighter, fighter2);

assertTrue(A new game should not be started

yet, !this.game.isPlaying());
}
y l mt thit k khng tt v mi phng thc
assertXXX() ang kim tra phn khng lin quan ca
chc nng. Nu phng thc assertEquals tht bi, phn
cn li ca test s khng c thi hnh. Khi xy ra iu
ny th chng ta s khng bit cc test khc c ng
chc nng hay khng

T chc cc test vo cc test suite

Nu khng thy phng thc trn, JUnit s s dng k thut

reflection t ng xc nh tt c cc phng thc
testXXX() trong test case ca bn, ri thm chng vo mt
test suite. Sau n s chy tt c cc test trong suite ny.
Bn c th to ra bn sao hnh vi ca phng thc suite()
mc nh nh sau
public class TestGame extends TestCase{

public static Test suite() {

return new TestSuite(TestGame.class);
}
}
Bng cch truyn i tng TestGame.class vo construtor
TestSuite, bn ang thng bo cho JUnit bit xc nh tt
c cc phng thc testXXX() trong lp v thm chng
vo suite. on m trn khng lm khc g so vi vic JUnit
t ng lm, tuy nhin bn c th thm cc test c nhn
ch chy cc test nht nh no hay l iu khin th t
thc thi

import junit.framework.*;
public class TestGame extends TestCase {
private Game game;
private Ship fighter;
public TestGame(String name) {
super(name);
}

public static Test suite() {

TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
suite.addTest(new TestGame(testCreateFighter));
suite.addTest(new TestGame(testSameFighters));
return suite;
}
}
c th kt hp nhiu suite vo cc suite khc
public static Test suite() {
TestSuite suite = new TestSuite(TestGame.class);
suite.addTest(new TestSuite(TestPerson.class));
return suite;
}

Lp li test

ta mun chy mt test no lp i lp li nhiu ln o hiu sut

hay phn tch cc vn trc trc. JUnit cung cp cho chng ta lp
junit.extension.RepeatedTest lm c iu ny.
public static Test suite() {
//Chy ton b test suite 10 ln
return new RepeatedTest(new TestSuite(TestGame.class), 10);
}
Tham s u tin ca RepeatedTest l mt Test cn chy, tham s th
2 l s ln lp li. V TestSuite ci t interface Test nn chng ta c
th lp li ton b test nh trn. Tip theo l v d m t cch xy
dng mt test suite m trong cc test khc nhau c lp i lp li
khc nhau:
public static Test suite() {
TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
//Lp li testCreateFighter 100 ln
suite.addTest(new RepeatedTest(new TestGame(testCreateFighter),
100));
//Chy testSameFighters 1 ln
suite.addTest(new TestGame(testSameFighters));
//Lp li testGameInitialState 20 ln
suite.addTest(new RepeatedTest(new
TestGame(testGameInitialState), 20);

JUnit tin ch m rng

a) Cactus
Cactus l mt framework unit testing ngun m dng test
cho cc on m pha bn server ca Java. c bit l Cactus
cho php bn test Servlet, JSP, v Servlet filter. Cactus tha k
t JUnit cung cp 3 lp con ca lp junit.framework.TestCase
l cc lp:
org.apache.cactus.ServletTestCase
org.apache.cactus.JspTestCase
org.apache.cactus.FilterTestCase
Mi test case ca Cactus cung cp 1 chc nng c bit.
Cactus test thc thi trn c client v server. Khi s dng Cactus
bn ch cn to mt lp tha k t 1 trong 3 lp trn. Sau
Cactus s to ra v chy 2 th hin ca test case. Mt chy
trn JVM pha client, ci cn li chy bn trong JVM ca mi
trng chy servlet (servlet container) pha server. Bn client
pha client cho php HTTP headers v cc tham s HTTP c
thm vo cc yu cu i ra. Bn pha server gi thc thi cc
phng thc bn trong servlet ca bn thc hin bt k xc
nhn no, v sau s gi phn hi ngc tr li cho pha
client. Tp n bn pha client xc nhn phn hi t bn server

b) HttpUnit
HttpUnit l mt th vin ngun m ca Java c dng
tng tc vi cc server HTTP. Vi HttpUnit, chng trnh
Java ca bn c th truy xut trc tip n server m khng
cn thit phi s dng n trnh duyt.
HttpUnit cung cp cc API phn tch HTML, nhn thng
tin ca biu mu trang web, theo di cc siu lin kt, thit
lp cookie v thc hin cc tc v khc c lin quan n
trnh duyt web.
Ngoi ra n cng gm c mt th vin thao tc trc tip
n servlet, i khi khng cn thit phi khi ng web
server
Thng thng chng ta s dng kt hp HttpUnit v JUnit
vit cc tt. JUnit nh ngha cc framework dng
kim tra, v cc phng thc testXXX() ca bn s s dng
cc hm API ca th vin HttpUnit truy cp v kim tra
trang web

c) NUnit
NUnit l mt framework dnh cho vic testing unit trong tt
c cc ngn ng .NET. Khi u n cng c bt u t

DEMO

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