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REAL NUMBERS
This chapter comes Under paper-I. From this
chapter, 2 Marks Questions-1 (12 = 2M), 1 Marks
Questions-2, (21= 2M), 4 Marks Questions-2
(24=8M) and 1/2 mark questions-6 (61/2=3M)
altogether 15 Marks we can score easily by spending
less time for preparation. The following material will
be helped alot in the public exams for S.S.C students.
Key formulae:
m n
m+n;
a .a = a
a

= a m n if m > n

an

from (1) & (2)

x 2y = 7 (3)
5x 6y = 2 (1)
______________
3x 6y = 21
5x 6y = 2
_____________
+

2x = 23
x = 23/2
sub x value in (1)
x 2y = 7

3x2 = 36y 4x
BAEPSE
x 2 = 6y 4x
x+4x 6y = 2
5x6y = 2.......... (2)

if m < n
nm

am
a
=

bm
b

x=

(ab )m = a m .b m

2y = 7

1
am

= a m;

1
am

= am

23
2y = 7
2

2y =

a = 1, where a 0

a b = ab; n a n b = n ab

a = a1/2 ; n a = a 1/n ; n a m = a m/n

a = mn a

n m

(a ) = a

( a ) = a;

a
=
b

an = a

1. Solve 2x+3 = 4y2 and 3x2 = 93y2x

sol:
2x+3 = 4y2
2x+3 = (22)y2
2x+3 = (2)2(y2)
2x+3 = (2)2y4
If bases are equal powers also equal
x+3=2y 4
x2y = 4 3
x2y = 7 ......... (1)
given 3x2 = 93y2x
3x2 = (32) 3y2x
3x2 = 32 (3y2x)

14 23
2

2y =

37
2

y=

37
37
y=
2 2
4

x =

23
37
,y =
2
4

mn

23
2

2. If a2 = 0.04 find a3.

sol:
a2 = 0.04
a2 =

4
100

a=

4
100

a=2/10
Cubing On Both Sides
a3 = (2/10)3
a3=8/1000
a3=0.008
3. If (x2/3)p = x2 find p?
sol:
(x2/3)p = x2
x2p/3 = x2
BAEPSE
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2p/3 = 2

Cubing On Both Sides

(3a1/3 b1/3 c1/3)3

(a+b+c)3 =

2p = 2 3

(a + b + c )3 = 33. (a 1/ 3 ) . (b1/ 3 )
3

p=3

6. If y = 3 3 + 3

y= 33+

( ) + (3 ) + 3.3

y3 = 31/ 3

SOBS

1/ 3

.31/3 31/3 + 3 1/3

1/3

(a + b )3 = a 3 + b 3 + 3ab (a + b )

= x +1

from(1)

y3 = 3+31 + 3. 3. (y)

a 2 2ax + x 2 = x 2 + 1

1
y 3 = 3 + + 3(1).y
3

1
y 3 = 3 + + 3y
3

2ax = a 2 1
x=

1 2
[a 1]
2a

x=

1 a2 1

2 a a

x=

1
a a 1
2

y3 =

1
1 + l + m 1

(a ) + (b ) + 3a
1/ 3

9 + 1 + 9y
3

3y3 = 10 + 9y
3y3 9y = 10

5. If a1/3 + b1/3 +c1/3 = 0 then show that (a+b+c)3 = 27 abc.

Sol:
a1/3 + b1/3 + c1/3 = 0
a1/3 + b1/3 = c1/3 ........(1)
Cubing On Both Sides
(a1/3 + b1/3)3 = ( c1/3 )3
3

y3 = 31/3 + 3 1/3

a x = x 2 +1

1/ 3

1
1/3

Cubing On Both Sides

a = x + x2 +1

2ax = 1 a

y = 31/3 + 31/3...........(1)

sol:

show that 3y3 9y = 10

1
3

y = 31/3 +

(a x )

sol:

1
1
2
If a = x + x + 1 then show that x = 2 a a
4.

( )

. c1/ 3

(a+b+c)3 = 27 abc

3. If ax=b, by = c, cz=a, show that xyz = 1

sol:
ax=b, by = c, cz=a
consider ax = b
(cz)x = b
(czx) = b
(by)zx = b
byzx = b1
yzx = 1
xyz = 1

1/3

7. If lmn=1, Prove that

sol:
lmn=1 l=1/mn l-1=1/mn
1
1 + l + m 1

m
1
m + +1
n

mn
.............(1)
mn + 1 + n

from(1)

a + b + 3.a1/3 b1/3 ( c1/3 ) = c

a + b 3a1/3 b1/3 c1/3 = c
a + b + c = 3a1/3 b1/3 c1/3

1
1+ l +
m

m
m + lm + 1

(a + b ) = a 3 + b 3 + 3ab(a + b)

) ( )

.b1/3 a 1/3 + b1/3 = c 1/ 3

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1
1
+
=1
1 + m + n 1 1 + n + l 1

1 1
a =
a

lmn = 1

lm = 1

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1
1+ m + n

Sol:

n
..............(2)
n + mn + 1
1

1+ n + l

1
............(3)
1 + n + mn

x
1
3

|x|a solution is a x a

lmn = 1

mn = 1 = l 1
l

L.H.S.= (1)+(2)+(3)

x
1 solution is
3

1 5

x
1
3

subtract 5

mn
n
1
+
+
mn + 1 + n n + mn +1 1 + n + mn
=

x
1
3

10.Solve 5

1
1+ m +
n

1 5 5

mn + n + 1
mn + 1 + n

= 1 = R.H.S.

x
5 1 5
3

x
4
3

multiply with 3
Modules of a Real number:
The modules or absolute value of a real number ''x'' is
denoted by ''|x|'' and defined as
|x| = x if x > 0
= x if x < 0
= 0 if x = 0
e.g. |3| = 3
|7| = 7
Note: Modules of a real number is never negative
e.g. |x| = 5 solution doesn't exists.
Absolute Value equations & Inequations:
|x| = a solution is x = a or x = a
|x| a solution is a x a
|x| < a solution is a < x < a
|x| a solution is x a or x a
|x| > a solution is x > a or x < a
8. Solve |2x 5| = 7
Sol:
|2x 5| = 7
|x| = a solution is x = a or x = a
|2x 5| = 7 solution is 2x 5 = 7 or 2x 5 = 7
2x = 7 + 5 or 2x = 7 + 5
6

18 x 12
18 x 12
12 x 18
11.Solve |9 4x| > 4
Sol:
|9 4x| > 4
|x|>a solution is x > a or x < a
|9 4x| > 4 solution is 9 4x > 4 or 9 4x < 4
4x > 4 9 or 4x < 4 9
4x > 5 or 4x < 13
4x < 5 or 4x > 13
x < 5/4 or x > 13/4
x > 13/4 or x < 5/4

Limit of a function:
f(x) is any function as x a f (x) l then 'l' is
called as limit of f as x tends to 'a', This is written as
Lt f (x) = l and read as "Limit of f as x tends to a is l''

x a

2 x = 12 or 2 x = 2
1

x
6 3 3 4 3
3

If the limit of function approaches to zero, then the

function is called "infinitesimal"

x = 6 or x = 1
9. Solve |5x1| 0.
Sol:
|5x1| 0
Since Modules of a real number is never negative
|5x1| = 0 exists
|x| = 0 solution is x = 0
|5x1| = 0 solution is 5x 1 = 0
5x = 1
x = 1/5

12.Evaluate Lt 4
x 1

Sol:
= 4

= 4

(1)2
3
1

43 = 1

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3
x2

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x 2 + 5x
x 0
x

x (1 + x )

Lt

13.Evaluate Lt

x 0

Sol:
x 2 + 5x
x 0
x

Lt

Lt

02 + 5(0) 0
=
0
0

x 2 + 5x
x (x + 5)
= Lt
= Lt x + 5 = 0 + 5 = 5
x 0
x 0
x 0
x
x

1
2

1 1
4 8

14.Find the limit of the series 1 + + ......

( 1 + x + x +1)
2

1+ 0

Lt

(1 + x )

x 0

which is indeterminate form

( 1 + x + x +1)

1 + 0 + 02 + 1
1

1 +1

1
1
=
1+1 2

16. Show that

Sol:
1 1 1
1 + + ......
2 4 8.

Sol:
is an infinitesimal Geometric

Progression
Here a = 1, r =
S =
=

t 2 1/ 2
1
=
= <1
t1
1
2

1 2

0 0

= Which is indeterminate form.

1
2
=
=
=
1 3/ 2 3
1+
2

15.Evaluate Lt

x 0

2
Lt

x2 x 2
x (x 1)(x 2 )

x (x 1) 2
Lt

x 2 x (x 1)(x 2 )

1 + x + x 1
x
2

x2 x 2
= Lt

x 2 x (x 1)(x 2 )

Sol:
1 + x + x 2 1
x

1 + 0 + 02 1 0 0 0
=
= which is indeterminate form
0
0
0

Lt

x 0

1 + x + x 1 1 + x + x +1

x
1 + x + x 2 +1
2

1 + x + x 1

Lt
x 0
x 1+ x + x2 +1
2

x 0

1 + x + x2 1

Lt

1
2

2 2 2 (2 1)(2 2 )

1 2

0 0

1
1
1
2

x 0

2
Lt

x2 x 2
x (x 1)(x 2 )

a
1 r

Lt

Lt
= 32
2 x (x 1)(x 2 )

x2 x

( 1 + x + x +1)
2

x 2 2x + x 2
= Lt

x 2 x (x 1)(x 2 )

x (x 2 ) + 1(x 2)
= Lt

x 2 x (x 1)(x 2 )

(x 2 ) (x + 1)

= Lt
x 2 x (x 1) (x 2 )

x +1
x 2 x (x 1)
Lt

2 +1
3
3
=
=
2 (2 1) 2 1 2

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x + a 2a
x a

17. Evaluate xLt

a

xn a n
= n.a n 1
x a x a

Lt

Sol:
=

x + a 2a
x a

Lt

x a

15

2a 2a 0
which is indeterminate form.
=
0
0
x + a 2a
x + a + 2a

x a
x + a + 2a

x a

( x + a ) ( 2a )
= Lt
(x a )( x + a + 2a )
2

x + a 2a

x a

(x a )(

x + a + 2a

x a

(x a ) (

4x 3
x 2x + 3

2 ( ) + 3

3
=
which is indeterminate forms
+3

4x 3
x 2x + 3

Lt

x + a + 2a

Lt

x (4 3 / x )

x (2 + 3 / x )

1
x
Lt
1
x
2 + 3.
x
4 3.

a + a + 2a
1

as x 0

2a + 2a
1

4 ( ) 3

1
1
0 n 0
x
x

19.Evaluate Lt

x + a + 2a

x a

as x

= Lt

4 a15/4

Note:

x a

= Lt

x a

= Lt

116
4

1
= . a 4
4

a + a 2a
a a

= Lt

1
.a
4

2 2a

4 3. (0 )
2 + 3(0)

1
0
x
=

Note:
Note:

1.

1. Lt

x a

2. Lt

x a
= n.a n 1
x a
n

x a

x a

x a

18. Evaluate Lt

2.

m m n
.a
n

x1/4 a1/4

x a

x a
4

x a

x a

x4 a 4

x 0

=n

x
x

= 1/ n

x x

then x = 9 / 4

4. The limiting position of a secant of a circle is tangent

5.

Lt

2x + 3
= 2/3
+5

x 0 3x

x 3 27
= 27
x 3 x 3
Lt

0/0 which is indeterminate form.

x a

(1 + x )1/n 1

( )

4
7. a 2/3 a1/3. a 1/4 = a 2

a4 a4
x1/4 a1/4

Lt

x 0

( ) =x

6.

a1/4 a1/4

Lt

(1 + x )n 1

x1/4 a1/4
4

Lt

3. If x x

Sol:
Lt

4
=2
2

1 4
= .a 4
4

8. 161.25 = 32
9. (a1/3b1/3)(a2/3+a1/3.b1/3+b2/3) = ab
10.|3x+1| = 0 solution is x = 1/ 3
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Assignment:
1. If x1/2 = 0.2 then find x3/2
2. If 64x = 1/256y then find the value of 3x+4y.
3. Solve |312x| = 0
4. If ax=by=cz = dw and ab = cd then S.T

5. If ax = by = cz;
6. Solve

1 1 1 1
+ = +
x y z w

y
2z
b c
=
= then show that
+z
x
x
a b

2x 1
5
5

7. Solve 1

m
9
3

8. Evaluate xLt
0

1 + x 1
x

9. Evaluate xLt
p

x a pa
xp

10.Evaluate xLt
0

(1 + x )
(1 + x )

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