Long-Rod Penetrator

Perforation Limit on Oblique Targets

Tungsten and DU Rods

P
a
Lw

1
L

tanh b0 b1 w
D

c0 c1 BHNT BHNT
P

exp
2
T
P vT

cosm

Steel Rods

P
a
Lw

c BHNT k BHNP n
P
cos
exp
Lw
T
P vT2

tanh b0 b1

Validity Range
Lw / D > 4
Tungsten
DU
Steel

vT > sqrt((c0+c1*BHNT)*BHNT/ P/1.5)

vT > sqrt((c0+c1*BHNT)*BHNT/ P/1.2)
vT > sqrt(c*BHNT^k*BHNP^n/1.3)

500 > BHNT > 150

500 > BHNT > 150
550 > BHNT > 120

Penetrator
Total penetrator length
Diameter

L
D

Tungsten
390
12.7

DU
390
12.7

Frustum length

Lf

13

13

Frustum diameter upper base

Density Tungsten
Brinell Hardness Number

3.63
17,500

3.63
18,600

3.63
7,850
500

BHNP

750 > BHNP > 200

Steel
390
12.7

mm
mm

Fit Parameter
b0
0.283
b1
0.0656

13

mm

mm
kg/m3

Tungsten
a
0.994
c0
134.5

mm

c1

Working length

Lw

382.93

382.93

382.93

Penetrator mass (without thread)

mP

0.849

0.902

0.381

Lw / D

30.2

30.2

30.2

L/D
Cylindric penetrator: Lw = L (Lf=0 and d=0)

30.7

30.7

30.7

c0
c1

7,850
300
1.355
0

7,850
300
1.343
0

7,850
300
1.355
0

t
P

250
250.4

279
279.1

124
124.5

mm
mm

T2
T3
T4
T5

1.022
1.000
1.493
0.431
0.654

1.022
1.000
1.539
0.562
0.729

1.022
1.000
1.000
0.288
0.325

1.015
1.355

0.931
1.343

1.326
1.355

km/s
km/s

Target
Density
Brinell Hardness Number
Impact velocity
NATO-Obliquity
Results
Plate thickness
Perforation (LOS)
Terms
Lw/D ratio
obliquity
square root density ratio
Term 5
P/Lw

T
BHNT
vT

Equation valid for impact velocities greater than

actual impact velocity

kg

kg/m3
km/s

-0.224

-0.148

Depleted Uranium

a
c
k
n

0.825
90.0
-0.0849
Steel
1.104
9874
0.3598
-0.2342

Input

Output

Perforation Equation V3 - Tungsten, DU and Steel Long Rods vs. Oblique RHA

W. Odermatt / June 2009