Professional Documents
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Tolerance
Tolerance
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INTRODUCTION
2.0
SHAFT
3.0
HOLE
A hole is defined as the member which houses or fits the shaft. It may be
stationary or rotating, for example, a bearing in which a shaft rotates is a hole.
However, when speaking of tolerances, thee term hole can be also apply to the
space between two restrictions into which a member has to fit, for example the
space between two side plates in which a pulley rotates is regarded as a hole.
Fig 1.
Diploma Teknologi Mekanikal
Institut Kemahiran MARA Pasir Mas
BASIC SIZE
6.0
TOLERANCE
7.0
FIT
This is the size about which the limits of particular fit are fixed. It is the same
for both shaft and hole. It is also called the nominal size (Fig 1).
A fit may be defined as the relative motion which can exist between a shaft and
hole (as defined above) resulting form the final sizes which achieved in their
manufacture. There are three classes of fit in common use : clearance, transition
and interference.
7.1
CLEARANCE FIT
7.2
TRANSITION FIT
M
E
8.0
ALLOWANCE
9.0
F
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B
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INTERFERENCE FIT
7.3
Practical transition fits result when the tolerance are such that the
largest hole is greater than the smallest shaft and the largest shaft is
greater than the smallest hole. Two transition fits are given on the data
sheet.
Relative motion between shaft and hole is possible when clearance
exists but impossible when interference exists.
Allowance is the term given to the minimum clearance ( called positive allowance) or
maximum interference (called negative allowance) which exists between mating
parts. It may also be describe as the clearance or interference which gives the
tightest possible fit between mating parts.
11.0
General
tolerances.
These are
generally quoted in note form and
apply when the same tolerance I
applicable all over the drawing or
where different tolerances apply to
various ranges of sizes or for a
particular type of member.
The
following examples illustrate the use
of general tolerance.
Individual tolerance.
6
BASIC SIZE 85mm FIT H9 - d10
Limit dimensioning.
By specifying both
limits or size and placing them above and
below the dimension line. This is the most
foolproof method for general use.
84.88
84.74
84.087
85
Plus or minus dimensioning. By specifying the basic size followed by the limits
of tolerance above and / or below the basic size.
a)
when the limits are equally disposed above and below the basic size.
b)
when the limits are not equally disposed above and below the basic size.
The upper limit should always be shown in the upper position and lower limit
in the lower position. This applies to both shafts and holes
12.0
13.0