a(an)

Neymimasis artikelis
Indefinite article
a(an) - kils is odio one reikia - bet koks, kakoks, bet kuris.
Naudojamas:
1) tik su skaiiuotiniais daiktavardiais.
a table(one), a boy(one), a cat(one).
2) tik vienaskaitoje.

Nenaudojamas:
1) su abstrakiais, su mediaginiais
love, water
2) su daugiskaita
We are students

Rayba:
a - prie priebalses
( a cat, a nice cat, a very nice cat).

an - prie a,e,i,o,u balses

(an apple(a), a orange(o), an egg(e), an ice-cream(i), an uncle(u), an old man,
an interesting book).

Iimtis: kai artikelis an naudojamas prie priebals h arba artikelis a naudojamas prie bals u!
(pvz: a unit [ju:nit]
a university [ju:niversity], dl to, kad pradedame tarti priebalse
an hour [aue]
an honest man [onest], nes pradedame tarti balse).

Artikelio a(an) vartojimas:

1.Bet kuris (nekonkretus) daiktas i visumos:
(A small boy played in the yard.(kakoks)).
2.Kai panaudojame kakok nekonkret daikt, asmen piem karta naudojam a(an),
bet, kada kalbame apie antrj naudojame the, nes jau inome apie k kalbame:
(pvz: A boy (kakoks) came into the classroom. The boy(jau inomas, dl to
konkretus) put his bag ant set on the chair.
3.Su konstukcijomis:
There is a pen on the table.
There was an interesting film.
There will be a nice day tomorrow.
4.Su profesijomis (po bti to be-am,is) form:
He is a teacher.
She is an engineer.
I am a student.
5.Prie bdvard + skaiiuot. daiktavardis
An old man
A small boy
A very interesting book
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6.Su priedliu:
(Justas, a boy in our class, is the most handsome boy.
Laura, a pupil from 7b, is the most clever girl.)
7.aukiamuosiuose sakiniuose (su skaiiuotiniais daiktavardiais):
(What a nice dress!
Such an easy task!)
8.Su kiekybiniais odeliais:
(a kilo, alittle water (truputi), a few friends (keletas), a couple of friends (pora
keletas), two weeks a month, three days a week, a number of).
9.Kai kuriuose pastoviuose posakiuose:
(to have a shower, to have a rest, to have a smoke, to have a party, to have a good
time, to have a headache/footmache, to have a walk, to go for a walk, to give a
hand (pagelbti), it is a pity (gaila), in a hurry (skubti), to be at a loss ( bti
pasimetusiam), its a shame (gda), as a rule (kaip taisykl)).

ymimasis thedefinite
Turimas galvoje konkretus asmuo, daiktas, reikinys.
Kils i parodomj vardi
this-these, that-those (veriame itas, itie, anas, anie).

Naudojamas:
1)Prie kelintin skaitvard
the first, the third, the twenty-sixth.
2)Prie aukiausiojo laipsnio bdvard
the best, the most interesting.
3)Po vardi
all (visi), both (abu).
pvz: All the puils are present today.
Both the brothers are good pupils.
4)Su daiktavardiais, reikianius daiktus, kurie yra vieninteliai:
(the King, the Queen, the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the ground, the universe,
the world, the capital, the centre, the weather, the country, the surburbs).
5)Kada sakinys yra konkretus ir visi inome apie kok daikt(viet) mes nekame.
Daniausiai vartojame su konkreia vieta -viskas, kas priklauso tai vietai, kurioje esi.
pvz: Open the door, please. The floor, the ceiling, the light, the carpet, the window
Arba (pvz: go to the blackboard, please (visi inome prie kurios lentos. Ta, kuri yra
klasje).
6) Visa tauta + daiktavardi:
(the English language, the Roman Gods, The Lithuanian History).
Bet, jeigu yra
tauta + mogus - naudojame artikel a(an)
(pvz: an English policeman, a Lithuanian writer, a Brazilian footbaler).
bet, jeigu naudoji tik tautyb, artikelio nereikia:
(pvz: I study English, He is American)
taiau, jeigu turi galvoje vis taut, dedame artikel the
(pvz: Anglai (visa tauta) The English are very lazy).
7)alutiniame payminio sakinyje: tas mogus
(pvz: The man who is sitting on the bench is English. - kuris?
This is the doll, Ann bought yesterday. - kuris?
That is the scholl I studied in. - kurioje?).
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8)Po ir prie savybinio daiktavardi linksnio prielinksnio of:

(pvz: the page of the book, the window of the room).
9)Po prielinksi, kurie naudojami konstrukcijoje there is, there are arba kitoki vietos
prielinksni:
(in the room, on the table, under the table, next to the door, near the chair, in front of
the table, beside the table, throught the tunnel ir t.t).
10)Su bdvardiais:
the following (sekantis) Read the following word.
the same (toks pat) Look at the same page.
the only (vienintelis) She is the only child in the family.
the very (vienintelis) She is the very child in the family.
the next (sekantis) Open the next page.
the last (paskutinis) During the last meeting.
Pastaba: nenaudojame artikelio next ir last kada jie naudojami su laiko
daiktavardiais:
the next door nereikia
next week, month, year, summer.
Last week, month, year, Monday, winter.
11)Visa grup moni, kurie priklauso tam tikrai paslaug sferai:
the police - policija
the fire brigade - gaisrininkai
the army
12)Su odiais:
the bank
kadangi a inau kok bank
the post-office
a eisiu, konkret.
(pvz: I must go to the bank and then Im going to the post-office to get some stamps).
bet Is there a bank near here? (kakoks bankas).
13)The radio / television
(pvz: I lisen to the radio.
We hears the news on the radio.
I watch television.
Wathed on television).
Bet, kada turime galvoje kaip t pat apakat, naudojame the television set:
Can you turn off the television(Tv set)?
Im going to buy a new radio/television (set).
The cinema

The theatre
The dentist
I often go to the cinema/the theatre.
Space / the space
Space be artikelio

The doctor

kosmosas

The space su artikeliu

kai kalbame apie viet
There are millions of stars in space (kosmose)
I tried to park my car but the space was too small.

Kai pastatas skirtas tiems

monms pagal paskirt
(mokiniams) school
(studentams) university
(ligoniams) hospital
(kaliniams) prison

Lankytojams
-

the school
the university
the hospital
the prison
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(tikintiemsiams) church

the church

He goes to school.(He is a pupil).

Alisons mother has gone to the school to see her daughter.
He is in prison for robbery. (He is a prisoner).
Ken went to the prison to visit his brother. (He is a visitor).
He was taken to hospital. (He is a patient).
Jack has gone to the hospital to visit his brother. (He is a visitor).
Sea
The sea
To go / to be on voyage
He lives near the sea.
He spends most of his life at sea. (jroje)
Kai i bdvardi padaryti daiktavardiai ir reikia grup moni:
old(senas)
the old (senimas).
young(jaunas)
the young (jaunimas).
rich(turtingas)
the rich (turtuoliai).
poor(vargas)
the poor (vargai).
the unemployed (bedarbiai).
the disabled (negalieji).
the injured (sueistieji).
the elderly (pagyven).
the stick (sergantieji).
the homless (benamiai).
the dead (mirusieji).
Su muzikos instrumentais
Can you play the guitar?
The piano is my favourite instrument.
Bet Id like to have a guitar.

Artikeli nebuvimas prie

skaiiuotinius daiktavardius
1) Kai daiktavardis eina kreipiniu:
Children, be quiet!
2) Prie odius father, mother, uncle, aunt kai kalbama apie eimos narius.
Father is watching TV now.
3) Prie savaits dien, mnesi ir met laik pavadinimus.
Spring has come at last!
Ill return in May.
Ill see you on Monday.
Pastaba: mnesi ir met pavadinimai vartojami su artikeliu -the-, kai jie yra apibrti
payminiu arba situacijos.
The winter of 1941 was very cold.
The summer was very rainy and cool.
4) Prie daiktavardius breakfast, dinner, lunch, supper.
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Breakfast is ready.
What shall we have for supper?
Taiau konkreioje situacijoje bdv + dinner, supper, lunch, breakfast:
It was a very good dinner.
Bet jeigu situacija konkreti:
Did you like the dinner? I cooked it myself. daiktavardiai vartojami su ymimuoju
artikeliu.
Bed

Work
be artikelio:

Home

to go to bed
to stay in bed
bet kada kalbame apie lov, kaip apie bald, naudojame the.
I sat on the bed (ant baldo).
(to go to work, start work, finish work, go home, come home, be at home)

Artikeli vartojimas su
neskaiiuotiniais daiktavardiais
1) Neskaiiuotiniai daiktavardiai (abstraktieji ir mediaginiai) paprastai naudojami be
artikeli.
I like water.
Give me a glass of water, please.
2) Jei abstraktieji ir mediaginiai daiktavardiai turi apibriamj paymini arba juos
patikslina situacija, jie vartojami su artikeliu the-.
Pass me the sugar, please.
The Lithuania is ready to defend the freedom of their country.
3) Neymimasis artikelis -an, -a su neskaiiuotiniais daiktavardiais nevartojami.

Artikeliai su tikriniais (proper) daiktavardiais

(Kurie raomi su didija raide)
Kas yra tikriniai?
1) moni vardai ir pavards (Jack Simpson)
2) Geografiniai vardai ( ali England
miest Kaunas
kaln The Alphes
sal The Cretan
upi The Thames).
3) Gatvi, aiki, laikrai pavadinimai ( gatvi The Mall
aiki Trafalgar Square
laikrai The Lietuvos Rytas).
4) Savaits dien ir mnesi pavadinimai ( savaits dien Sunday, Monday
Mnesi May, April).
5) Tautybi pavadinimai ( English, French).

Tikriniai daiktavardiai be artikelio

1) Vardai ir pavards: Ann, Smith.
Bet kada kalbama apie vis eim the Smith.
2) ali pavadinimai: England, Scotland.
Bet tie, kurie sudaryti su odeliais Respublic, Kingdom, States arba susidada i keli
jungtini valstij, turi artikel -the- ( the USA, the United Kingdom, the Dominican
Respublic, the Netherlands).
3) Miest pavadinimai: London, Paris, Kaunas.
Iimtis: The Hague.
4) Gatvi, aiki, park pavadinimai: Oxford Street, Trafalgar Square, Hyde Park.
Iimtis: The Strand, the Mall (Londono gatv), the Red Square.
5) Universitet pavadinimai: Cambridge University, Harward University, Vytautas Magnus
University, Vilnius State University.
Iimtis: The University of London.
6) Orouost ir geleinkeli pavadinimai: London Airport, Kenedy Airport, Victoria Station.
7) Pastat, tilt, banyi pavadinimai: Westminster Abbey, Contebury Cathedral, St. Pauls
Church, Westmister Bridge.
Iimtis: The Tower.
8) Mnesiai, savaits dienos: January, February, Sunday, Monday.
Iimtis: jeigu jie apibrti konkreios situacijos, naudojame -theThe May of this spring was cold.
9) Kalb pavadinimai: He studied English (tik vien tautyb).
Iimtis: The English + language (su odiu language naudojame the-.
An English policeman
A French doctor (tautyb + asmuo)
Visa tauta: The English, the Lithuanians, the Scots.
10) urnal pavadinimai: National Geografic, Life, Time.
11) Virukalns: Mount Everest, Mount Etna, Mount Elbrus.
12) Kai kurios salos: Cuba, Long Island, Cyprus, Staten Island.
13) Eerai: Lake Superior, Lake Victoria, Lake Constance.
14) Kompanijos, oro linij pavadinimai: Fiat, BMW, Sony, Kodak, British Airways.

Tikriniai daiktavardiai su artikeliu -the1) Jr, vandenyn, upi, kanal, eeryn pavadinimai: the Atlantic Ocean, the Nile, the Suez
Canal, the Great lakes.
Bet: _ Lake Constance
They live near the lake.
2) Salynai(archipelagos): the Canary Islands, the Bahams, the Canaries.
Kalnynai(cordilleras): the Rocky Mountains/ the Rokies, the Andes, the Alps.
3) Dykumos(deserts): the Sahara.
4) Kai kuri ali pavadinimai: (daniausiai su odeliais: Respublic, Kingdom, States,
Union) the Netherlands, the Philipines, the United States, the West Indies, the United
Kingdom, the Dominican Respublic, the Soviet Union, the Ukraine, the Caucasus.
5) Pasaulio ali pavadinimai: the North, the South-East, the West, the East, the Middle East,
the Far East.
Bet: _Nothern France, _South-Eastern Spain, _North America, _West Africa.
6) Kada kalbi apie vis eim: the Taylors = the Taylor family, the Dauglas.
7) Kada kalbi apie tautyb, bet turi galvoje vis grup tos tautos moni: the English, the
Spanish, the Swiss, (the) Italians, (the) Scots, (the) Lithuanians, (the) Turks.
Bet: jei turi galvoje vien tos tautos atstov, naudoji -a- : an English writer, a Swiss
policeman, a Turk soldier vienas asmuo.
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Laisvalaikio praleidimas
1) Muziejai The British Museum
Teatrai The Musician Theatre
Kinoteatrai The Empire Cinema
Bibliotekos The Congress Library
Galerijos The Gallery
2) Viebuiai The Station Hotel
Restoranai The Bombay Restaurant
Pabai (smukls) The Red Lion Pub
3) Laikraiai The Times, The Kauno diena, The Wasington Post
4) Valstybins institucijos The European Union
Partijos The BBC
Organizacijos The Labour Party, The Conservetive Party.

Artikeliai su asmenvardiais
Be artikelio:
1) Artikeliai nevartojami, kai prie pavard eina titulas!
_professor Brown, _doctor Smith, _academician Brown, _Mr/Mrs Johnson, _Captain Johnson,
_President Kennedy, _Uncle Robert, _Aunt Cherine, _Princess Diana.
2) Daugelis parduotuvi, restoran, viebui, bank, stoi ir t.tpavadinimai, kurie
prasideda asmenvardiais, raomi be artikelio:
_Vilnius Bank, McDonalds, Jacks Guest House, Harrods, St.Johns Church, St.Pauls Cathetdral.
3) Bendrai prie vardus ir pavardes artikelio neraome:
_Jack Smith, Justas Daugla.
Su artikeliu -the1) Kada kalbame apie vis eim: