RESEARCH

2013

R E S E A R C H , 2 013

The Doctoral Programs at Harvard Business School educate scholars

who make a difference in the world through rigorous research that
influences practice.
More than 130 strong, HBS doctoral students represent diverse backgrounds, degrees, undergraduate schools, and disciplinesincluding
economics, engineering, mathematics, physics, psychology and sociology. They examine the most critical issues in business management
through rigorous research, creating and disseminating new knowledge
as the next generation of thought leaders. By the time they graduate,
students will have co-authored publications with faculty members, who
often become important mentors, colleagues, and collaborators.

ACCOUNTING&MANAGEMENT
Allen, Abigail M., and Karthik Ramanna. Towards
an Understanding of the Role of Standard Setters in
Standard Setting. Journal of Accounting and Economics 55, no. 1 (February 2013): 6690.
Brochet, Francois, and Kyle Welch. Top Executive
Background and Financial Reporting Choice: The
Case of Goodwill Impairment. HBS Working Paper
11-088, November 2011.

Cheng, Beiting, Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim. Corporate Social Responsibility and Access
to Finance. Strategic Management Journal (published ahead of print, April 29, 2013) doi: 10.1002/
smj.2131.
Cheng, Beiting, Suraj Srinivasan and Gwen Yu.
Securities Litigation Risk for Foreign Companies
Listed in the U.S. HBS Working Paper 13-036,
October 2012.
Eccles, Robert G., Ioannis Ioannou, Shelley Xin Li,

and George Serafeim. Pay for Environmental Performance: The Effect of Incentive Provision on Carbon Emissions. HBS Working Paper 13043, November 2012.

Li, Shelley Xin. Push, Nudge, or Take Control

An Integrated Approach to Integrated Reporting.
In The Landscape of Integrated Reporting, edited
by Robert G. Eccles, Beiting Cheng, and Daniela
Saltzman. Boston: Harvard Business School, 2010.
Welch, Kyle. Barbarians at the GAAP: Private Equity, Venture Capital and Fair-Value Reporting. Working Paper, 2013.
ABSTRACT
Eccles, Robert G., Ioannis Ioannou,
Shelley Xin Li, and George Serafeim.
Pay for Environmental Performance:
The Effect of Incentive Provision on
Carbon Emissions. HBS Working Paper 13043, November 2012.

R E S E A R C H , 2 013

An increasing number of companies are striving to

reduce their carbon emissions and, as a result, they
provide incentives to their employees linked to the
reduction of carbon emissions. In this paper, we examine the effectiveness of these monetary and nonmonetary incentives in reducing carbon emissions.
Using both fixed effects models and matching samples we find evidence that the use of monetary incentives is associated with higher carbon emissions.
Moreover, we find that the use of nonmonetary incentives is associated with lower carbon emissions. Consistent with monetary incentives crowding out motivation for prosocial behavior, we find that the effect
of monetary incentives on carbon emissions is fully eliminated when these incentives are provided to
employees with formally assigned responsibility for
environmental performance. Furthermore, by employing a two-stage multinomial logistic model, we
provide insights into factors affecting companies
decisions on incentive provision, as well as showing that the impact of monetary incentives on carbon emissions remains significant after controlling
for potential selection bias in our sample.
ABSTRACT

Welch, Kyle . Barbarians at the

GAAP: Private Equity, Venture Capital and Fair-Value Reporting. Working Paper, 2013.
This paper investigates the effects of
removing illiquidity discounts from fair-value estimates on private equity and venture capital firms. I
find that defining fair-value under Accounting Standards Codification 820 (pre-codification FAS No.
157) to exclude considerations for liquidity improves
the information environment for venture capital firms
by informing market participants of the economic covariance of venture capital with public markets. My
results show that the new standard increases the cost
of capital for venture capital firms, but not for private
equity firms, as venture capital reported diversification benefits are reduced. This is directionally different from prior empirical work in public markets that
finds improvements in the information environment
reducing a firms cost of capital. I attribute this unexpected result to the unique attributes of institutional investing in this setting. My results contribute
to research on how illiquidity impacts fair value reporting in long term contracts and how investors use
this information. I also provide a new proxy measure
for cost of capital for private equity research.

BUSINESS ECONOMICS
Agarwal, Nikhil, Susan Athey, and David Yang.
Skewed Bidding in Pay-per-Action Auctions for Online Advertising. American Economic Review: Papers
and Proceedings 99, no. 2 (May 2009): 441447.
Allcott, Hunt, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Dmitry
Taubinsky. Externalities, Internalities, and the Targeting of Energy Policy. Working Paper, 2012.
Ashlagi, Itai, Duncan S. Gilchrist, Alvin E. Roth, and
Michael A. Rees. NEAD chains in Transplantation,
American Journal of Transplantation 11, (December
2011): 2780-2781.
Ashlagi, Itai, Duncan S. Gilchrist, Alvin E. Roth,
and Michael A. Rees, Nonsimultaneous Chains and
Dominos in Kidney Paired DonationRevisited.
American Journal of Transplantation 11, no. 5 (May
2011): 984-994.
Asquith, Paul, Andrea S. Au, Thomas R. Covert, and
Parag A. Pathak. The Market for Borrowing Corporate Bonds. NBER Working Paper No.16282, 2010.
Benjamin, Daniel J., David Cesarini, Christopher F.
Chabris, Edward L. Glaeser, David I. Laibson, Vilmundur Gunason, Tamara B. Harris, Lenore J.
Launer, Shaun Purcell, Albert Vernon Smith, Magnus Johannesson, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Jonathan
P. Beauchamp, Nicholas A. Christakis, Craig S. Atwood, Benjamin Hebert, Jeremy Freese, Robert M.
Hauser, Taissa S. Hauser, Alexander Grankvist, Christina M. Hultman, and Paul Lichtenstein. The Promise and Pitfalls of Genoeconomics. Annual Review
of Economics 4 (July 2012): 627-662.
Chabris, Christopher F., Benjamin M. Hebert, Daniel J. Benjamin, Jonathan Beauchamp, David Cesarini, Matthijs van der Loos, Magnus Johannesson,
Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Paul Lichtenstein, Craig S.
Atwood, Jeremy Freese, Taissa S. Hauser, Robert
M. Hauser, Nicholas Christakis, and David Laibson.
Most Reported Genetic Associations with General
Intelligence Are Probably False Positives. Psychological Science (Published ahead of print, September 24, 2012) doi:10.1177/0956797611435528.
Chabris, Christopher F., Carrie L. Morris, Dmitry Taubinsky, David I. Laibson, and Jonathon P. Schuldt.
The Allocation of Time in Decision-Making. Journal of the European Economic Association 7, no. 2
(April 2009): 628-637.
Chabris, Christopher F., David I. Laibson, Carrie L.
Morris, Jonathon Schuldt, and Dmitry Taubinsky.
Individual Laboratory-Measured Discount Rates
Predict Field Behavior. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 37, no. 2 (December 2008): 237-269.
Cole, Shawn, Benjamin Iverson, and Peter Tufano.
Can Gambling Create New Savings? Prize-linked
Savings Accounts in South Africa. Working Paper,
March 2013.

H ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

Coles, Peter A., and Ran Shorrer. Correlation in

the Multiplayer Electronic Mail Game. B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 12, no. 1 (May 2012).
Coles, Peter A., and Ran Shorrer. Optimal Truncation in Matching Markets. September 2012.
Mimeo.
Donaldson, Dave, Richard Hornbeck, and James
Lee. Railroads and Resources: the Development
of American Manufacturing in the Latter Half of the
19th Century. Working Paper, 2013.
Edelman, Benjamin G., and Duncan S. Gilchrist,
Advertising Disclosures: Measuring Labeling Alternatives in Internet Search Engines. Information
Economics and Policy 24, (January 2012): 75-89.
Ferraz, Claudio, Fred Finan, and Diana Moreira.
Corrupting Learning: Evidence from Missing Federal Education Funds in Brazil. Journal of Public Economics 96, nos. 910 (October 2012): 712726.
Fuster, Andreas, Benjamin Hebert, and David I.
Laibson. Natural Expectations, Macroeconomic Dynamics, and Asset Pricing. NBER Macroeconomics
Annual 2011, 26 (2011): 1-48.
Fuster, Andreas, Benjamin Hebert, and David I.
Laibson. Investment Dynamics with Natural Expectations. International Journal of Central Banking,
(January 2012): 243-264.
Garbarino, Ellen, Robert Slonim, and Carmen Wang.
The Multidimensional Effects of a Small Gift: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment. Economic
Letters 120, no. 1 (July 2013): 8386.

Iverson, Benjamin. Get in Line: Chapter 11 Restructuring in Crowded Bankruptcy Courts. Working Paper, 2013.

Morgan, Donald, Benjamin Iverson, and Matthew

Botsch. Subprime Foreclosures and the 2005
Bankruptcy Reform. Federal Reserve Bank of New
York Economic Policy Review 18, No. 1 (March
2012): 47-57.
Nathanson, Charles, and Eric Zwick. Arrested Development: A Theory of Supply-Side Speculation in
the Housing Market. Working Paper, 2011.
Oster, Emily, and M. Bryce Millett. Do Call Centers Promote School Enrollment? Evidence from India. NBER Working Paper Series No. 15922, 2010.

Schofield, Heather, George Lowenstein, and Kevin

Volpp. Comparing the Effectiveness of Individualistic, Altruistic, and Competitive Incentives in Motivating Completion of Mental Exercises. Working Paper, February 2013.
Shorrer, Ran, and Eshchar Ben-Shitrit. Remnants
of Past Ages and the Presents Crises in Israels Financial Markets. MishpatimThe Hebrew University Law Review 40, no. 2 (2011): 643-700.
Shorrer, Ran I. Solution to Exchanges 10.2 Puzzle: Borrowing in the Limit as Our Nerdiness Goes
to Infinity. SIGecom Exchanges 11, no. 1 (June
2012): 3941.
Slonim, Robert, Carmen Wang, Ellen Garbarino, and
Danielle Merrett. Opting-in: Participation Biases in
Economic Experiments. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 90 (June 2013): 4370.

Taubinsky, Dmitry. Network Architecture and the

Left-Right Spectrum. B.E. Journals of Theoretical
Economics: Contributions to Theoretical Economics
11, no. 1 (2011): 1-23.
Yang, David C. Primary vs Secondary Market Interventions. Working Paper, 2013.

Kullgren, Jeffrey, Andrea Troxel, George Loewenstein, Laurie Norton, Dana Gatto, Yuanyuan Tao,
Jingsan Zhu, Heather Schofield, Judy Shea, David Asch, Thomas Pellathy, Jay Driggers, and Kevin
Volpp. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Employer Matching of Deposit Contracts to Promote Weight
Loss. Working Paper, 2013.

Zwick, Eric. Regulators vs. Zombies: Loss Overhang and

Lending in a Long Slump. Working Paper, May 2012.

Ivashina, Victoria, Benjamin Iverson, and David C.

Smith. The Ownership and Trading of Debt Claims
in Chapter 11 Restructurings. Working Paper, 2013.

Coles, Peter A., and Ran Shorrer.

Optimal Truncation in Matching
Markets. September 2012. Mimeo.

Lee, James. Changes in Industrial Agglomeration

over the 20th Century. Working Paper, 2013.

Although no stable matching mechanism can induce truth-telling as a

dominant strategy for all participants, recent studies
have presented conditions under which truthful reporting by all agents is close to optimal. Our results
demonstrate that in large, uniform markets using
the Men-Proposing Deferred Acceptance Algorithm,
each womans best response to truthful behavior by
all other agents is to truncate her list substantially.
In fact, the optimal degree of truncation for such a
woman goes to 100% of her list as the market size

Lockwood, Benjamin B., and Matthew Weinzierl.

De Gustibus non est Taxandum: Theory and Evidence on Preference Heterogeneity and Redistribution. HBS Working Paper No. 12-063, January 2012.
Lockwood, Benjamin B., Charles G. Nathanson, and
E. Glen Weyl. Taxation and the Allocation of Talent. Working Paper, 2013.

Yang, David C. and Fan Zhang. Can the Equity Risk

Premium be Negative? Working Paper, 2013.

ABSTRACT

R E S E A R C H , 2 013

grows large. In general one-to-one markets we provide comparative statics for optimal truncation strategies: reduction in risk aversion and reduced correlation across preferences each lead agents to truncate
more. So while several recent papers have focused
on the limits of strategic manipulation, our results
serve as a reminder that without preconditions ensuring truthful reporting, there exists a potential
for significant manipulation even in settings where
agents have little information.
ABSTRACTS
Nathanson, Charles, and Eric Zwick.
Arrested Development: A Theory of Supply-Side Speculation in
the Housing Market. Working Paper, 2011.
How were there large house price bubbles in cities
with historically elastic housing supply? High raw
land prices capitalizing optimistic beliefs about future housing demand curtailed supply in these cities. In cities with excess land relative to the current
population, optimistic land speculators are the marginal buyers of real estate, making these cities more
prone to housing bubbles than fully developed cities.
In the latter, the marginal buyers are homeowners,
who derive flow benefits from holding land in addition to prospective capital gains and so need not be
especially optimistic. This theory matches the joint
cross section of house and land prices during the recent U.S. housing bubble. Home builders, who were
in the position to arbitrage high home prices by selling more houses, acted like land speculators by taking large, unhedged positions many years in advance
of plans to build and sell. Less developed neighborhoods within fully built cities also show larger boombust cycles.

Zwick, Eric. Regulators vs. Zombies: Loss Overhang and Lending in a Long Slump. Working Paper, 2012.
Zombie banks suffer from a debt overhang problem
caused by unrealized losses on past loans. To deter
regulatory action, zombies restrict new lending in
healthy categories, prop up lending in unhealthy categories, and overallocate to safe, liquid assets. FDICinduced failures allow zombies to hive off bad loans
and as a result lending resumes post resolution. In
the slump that began in the United States in 2007,
limited FDIC liquidity and manpower prevented it
from a timely reboot of all zombie balance sheets.
As a consequence, counties afflicted with unhealed
zombies displayed a slower recovery in employment,
even in tradable goods industries less subject to local demand conditions. This loss overhang mechanism helps explain the puzzle of long slumps: why
are economic recoveries following banking crises so

H ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

sluggish? It also provides a micro-level depiction of

the liquidity trap, with banks playing a central role
as excess savers.

HEALTH POLICY MANAGEMENT

Blustein, Jan, Melissa A. Valentine, Holly Mead,
and Marsha Regenstein. Race/Ethnicity and Patient
Confidence to Self-Manage Cardiovascular Disease.
Medical Care 46, no. 9 (2008): 924-929.
Blustein, Jan, William B. Borden, and Melissa A.
Valentine. Hospital Performance, the Local Economy, and the Local Workforce: Findings from a US National Longitudinal Study. PLoS Med 7, no. 6 (June
2010): e1000297.
Clark, Jonathan, Sara J. Singer, Nancy M. Kane, and
Melissa A. Valentine. From Striving to Thriving:
Systems-Thinking, Strategy and the Performance of
Safety Net Hospitals. Health Care Management Review (published ahead of print, May 25, 2012) doi:
10.1097/HMR.0b013e31825ba9ab.
Ellner, Andrew, Christine Pace, Scott S. Lee, Jonathan Weigel, and Paul Farmer. Embracing Complexity: Towards Integrated Biosocial Platforms for
Health Service Delivery. In Structural Approaches to
Public Health, edited by Marni Sommer, and Richard
Parker. New York: Routledge Press, 2013.
Singer, Sara J., Jonathan Clark, Melissa A. Valentine, and Nancy M. Kane. Strained Local and State
Government Finances Among Current Realities That
Threaten Public Hospitals Profitability. Health Affairs 31, no. 8 (2012): 1680-1689.

Song, Hummy, Anita L. Tucker, and Karen L. Murrell. The Impact of Pooling on Throughput Time in
Discretionary Work Settings: An Empirical Investigation of Emergency Department Length of Stay. HBS
Working Paper 13079, March 2013.
Staats, Bradley R., Melissa A. Valentine, and Amy
C. Edmondson. Performance Tradeoffs in Team
Knowledge Sourcing. Organization Science (revise
and resubmit).

Valentine, Melissa A., Bradley R. Staats, and Amy

C. Edmondson. The Rich Get Richer: Enabling Conditions for Knowledge Use. HBS Working Paper 13001, July 2012.
Valentine, Melissa A., and Amy C.Edmondson.
Team Scaffolds: How Minimal In-Group Structures
Support Fast-Paced Teaming. HBS Working Paper
12-062, January 2012 (under review).
Valentine, Melissa A., Jan Blustein, and Steven
Fass. Hospital Financial and Clinical Performance.
Medicare Research Review (conditional accept).
Valentine, Melissa A., Ingrid Nembhard, and Amy
C. Edmondson. Measuring Teamwork in Health Care
Settings: A Review of Survey Instruments. Medical

Care (published ahead of print, April 17, 2013) doi:

10.1097/MLR.0b013e31827feef6.
ABSTRACT

Song, Hummy, Anita L. Tucker, and

Karen L. Murrell. The Impact of
Pooling on Throughput Time in Discretionary Work Settings: An Empirical Investigation of Emergency
Department Length of Stay. HBS
Working Paper 13079, March 2013.
We conduct an empirical investigation on the impact of pooling tasks and resources on throughput times in a discretionary work setting. We use an
Emergency Departments (ED) patient-level data (N
= 234,334) from 2007 to 2010 to test our hypotheses. We find that when the EDs work system had
pooled tasks and resources, patients lengths of stay
were longer than when the ED converted to having
dedicated tasks and resources. More specifically, we
find that dedicated systems resulted in a 9% overall decrease in length of stay, which corresponds to
a 25-minute reduction in length of stay for an average patient of medium severity in this ED. We propose that the improved performance comes from a
reduction in social loafing and a more distributed utilization of shared resources. These benefits outweigh
the expected efficiency gains from pooling, which are
commonly predicted by queuing theory.

MANAGEMENT
Altman, Elizabeth J., Frank Nagle, and Michael
L. Tushman. Technology and Innovation Management. In Oxford Bibliographies in Management, edited by Ricky W. Griffin. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Battilana, Julie, Matthew Lee, Cheryl Dorsey and
John Walker. In Search of the Hybrid Ideal. Stanford Social Innovation Review 10, no. 3 (2012): 51-55.

Bernstein, Ethan S. Seeing Too Much: Too Much

In Sight, Too Little Insight? An Attention-Driven View
of Organizational Productivity. Submitted to the 1st
Management Theory Conference, September 2013.
Bernstein, Ethan S. The Transparency Paradox: A
Role for Privacy in Organizational Learning and Operational Control. Administrative Science Quarterly
57, no. 2 (2012): 181216.
Bernstein, Ethan S., and Frank J. Barrett. Strategic Change and the Jazz Mindset: Exploring Practices that Enhance Dynamic Capabilities for Organizational Improvisation. In Research in Organizational
Change and Development 19, edited by Abraham B.
(Rami) Shani, Richard W. Woodman, and William A.
Pasmore. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald Group Publishing
Limited, 2011.
Kennedy, Leonard J., Patricia A. McCoy, and Ethan
S. Bernstein. The Consumer Financial Protection
Bureau: Financial Regulation for the Twenty-First
Century. Cornell Law Review 97, no.5 (2012):
1141-1176.
Lazer, David L., and Ethan S. Bernstein. Problem Solving and Search in Networks. In Cognitive Search: Evolution, Algorithms and the Brain.
Strngmann Forum Reports 9, edited by P. M. Todd,
T. T. Hills and T. W. Robbins. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press, 2012.
Lakhani, Karim, Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, and Michael
Tushman. Open Innovation and Firm Boundaries:
Task Decomposition, Knowledge Distribution and
the Locus of Innovation. In Handbook of Economic Organization, edited by Anna Grandori. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013.
Marquis, Christopher, and Matthew Lee. Who Is
Governing Whom? Executives, Governance, and the
Structure of Generosity in Large U.S. Firms. Strategic Management Journal, 34, no.4 (2013): 483-497.
Polzer, Jeffrey T., Patricia Satterstrom, Lisa Kwan,
and Fon Wiruchnipawan. Thin Slices of Teams.
Working Paper, 2013.
Shore, Jesse, Bernstein, Ethan S., and David Lazer. Exploration, Exploitation and Explication in Networked Learning. Paper presented at the Organization Science Winter Conference, Steamboat Springs,
CO, February 2013.

R E S E A R C H , 2 013

Tushman, Michael, Karim Lakhani, and Hila LifshitzAssaf. Open Innovation and Organization Design.
Special Issue on Future of Organizational Design,
Journal of Organization Design 1, no. 1 (2012):
2427.

observed to conceal their activities through codes

and other costly means; conversely, creating zones of
privacy may, under certain conditions, increase performance. Empirical evidence from the field shows
that even a modest increase in group-level privacy
sustainably and significantly improves line performance, while qualitative evidence suggests that privacy is important in supporting productive deviance,
localized experimentation, distraction avoidance,
and continuous improvement. I discuss implications
of these results for theory on learning and control and
suggest directions for future research.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Tadmor, Carmit, Patricia Satterstrom, Sujin Jang,

and Jeffrey Polzer. Beyond Individual Creativity:
The Superadditive Benefits of Multicultural Experience for Collective Creativity in Culturally Diverse
Teams. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43,
no.3 (April 2012): 384-392.

Marquis, Christopher, and Matthew

Lee. Who Is Governing Whom? Executives, Governance, and the Structure of Generosity in Large U.S.
Firms. Strategic Management Journal 34, no. 4 (2013).
We examine how organizational structure influences
strategies over which corporate leaders have significant discretion. Corporate philanthropy is our setting to study how a differentiated structural elementthe corporate foundation-constrains the influence of
individual senior managers and directors on corporate strategy. Our analysis of Fortune 500 firms from
1996 to 2006 shows that leader characteristics at
both the senior management and director levels affect corporate philanthropic contributions. We also
find that organizational structure constrains the philanthropic influence of board members but not of senior managers, a result that is contrary to what existing theory would predict. We discuss how these
findings advance understanding of how organizational structure and corporate leadership interact
and of how organizations can more effectively realize the strategic value of corporate social responsibility activities.
ABSTRACT

Bernstein, Ethan S. The Transparency Paradox: A Role for Privacy in

Organizational Learning and Operational Control. Administrative Science Quarterly 57, no. 2 (2012):
181-216.
Using data from embedded participant-observers
and a field experiment at the second largest mobile
phone factory in the world, located in China, I theorize and test the implications of transparent organizational design on workers productivity and organizational performance. Drawing from theory and
research on learning and control, I introduce the notion of a transparency paradox, whereby maintaining observability of workers may counterintuitively
reduce their performance by inducing those being

H ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

Lakhani, Karim, Hila Lifshitz-Assaf,

and Michael Tushman. Open Innovation and Firm Boundaries: Task
Decomposition, Knowledge Distribution and the Locus of Innovation. In
Handbook of Economic Organization,
edited by Anna Grandori. Northampton, MA: Edward
Elgar Publishing, In Press.
This paper contrasts traditional, organization-centered models of innovation with more recent work
on open innovation. These fundamentally different
and inconsistent innovation logics are associated
with contrasting organizational boundaries and organizational designs. We suggest that when critical
tasks can be modularized and when problem-solving
knowledge is widely distributed and available, open
innovation complements traditional innovation logics. We induce these ideas from the literature and
with extended examples from Apple, NASA, and
LEGO. We suggest that task decomposition and problem-solving knowledge distribution are not deterministic but are strategic choices. If dynamic capabilities are associated with innovation streams, and if
different innovation types are rooted in contrasting
innovation logics, there are important implications
for firm boundaries, design, and identity.

MARKETING
Buell, Ryan W., Tami Kim, and Chia-Jung Tsay. The
Effects of Operational Transparency in Face-to-Face
Service Settings. Working Paper, 2013.

Bellezza, Silvia, and Anat Keinan. The Brand Tourism Effect: How Non-Core Users Enhance the Image
of Exclusive Brands by Eliciting Pride. Journal of
Consumer Research (revise and resubmit).
Bellezza, Silvia, Francesca Gino, and Anat Keinan.
The Red Sneakers Effect: Inferring Status and Competence from Signals of Non-conformity. Journal of
Consumer Research (revise and resubmit).
Elberse, Anita, Clarence Lee, and Lingling Zhang.
Viral Videos: The Dynamics of Online Video Advertising Campaigns. Working Paper, 2012.
Gosline, Renee Richardson, Sachin Banker, and
Jeffrey K. Lee . Uncovering Reverse Placebo
Effects: When Better Brands Lead to Worse Performance. Working Paper, 2013.
Gosline, Renee Richardson, Jeffrey K. Lee, and Breagin Riley. Frienemies Like These: How Social Capital Competition Biases Evaluations of Compliments and
Critiques in Social Networks. Working Paper, 2013.

Kim, Tami, Leslie John, Todd Rogers, and Michael

Norton. The Negative Consequences of Empowering Consumers and Employees. Working Paper,
2013.
Kireyev, Pavel, Koen Pauwels, and Sunil Gupta. Do
Display Ads Influence Search? Attribution and Dynamics in Online Advertising. HBS Working Paper
13070, February 2013.
Lee, Clarence, Elie Ofek, and Thomas J. Steenburgh. Not All Customers are Created Equal: Where
do the Most Active Customers Originate and How Can
Firms Keep Them Engaged? Working Paper, 2012.
Lee, Jeffrey K., and Renee Richardson
Gosline.Breaking Status Boundaries: When Interstatus Brand Collaborations Undermine Self-Expression
by Omnivorous Consumers. Working Paper, 2013.
Lee, Jeffrey K. Imagine All The People: The Consequences of Imagining Conspicuous Consumption.
Working Paper, 2013.
ABSTRACT

Bellezza, Silvia , and Anat Keinan. The Brand Tourism Effect: How
Non-Core Users Enhance the Image of Exclusive Brands by Eliciting Pride. Journal of Consumer Research (revise and resubmit).
We examine how core consumers of exclusive brands
react when non-core users obtain access to the
brand. Contrary to the view that downward brand

extensions and non-core users are a threat, we investigate the conditions under which these noncore users enhance rather than dilute the brand image. We introduce a distinction between two types
of non-core users based on how they are perceived
by current users of core products: brand immigrants who claim to be part of the in-group of core
users of the brand and brand tourists who do not
claim any membership status to the brand community. Four studies across diverse populations of real
brand consumers demonstrate that core consumers
respond positively to new non-core users when they
are framed as brand tourists. The brand tourism effect is mediated by the impact on core users sense
of pride and moderated by brand attachment. We
explore boundary conditions and discuss theoretical
and managerial implications.

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Anteby, Michel, and Curtis K. Chan. Invisible
Work. In Sociology of Work: An Encyclopedia, edited by V. Smith. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications (forthcoming).
Carney, Dana R., Andy J. Yap, Brian Lucas, Pranjal Mehta, James McGee, and Caroline A. Wilmuth. Power
Buffers StressFor Better and For Worse. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology (in revision).

Chan, Curtis K. Review of Kevin Delaneys Money

at Work: On the Job with Priests, Poker Players, and
Hedge Fund Traders. Work & Occupations (forthcoming.)
Cuddy, Amy J.C., and Elizabeth Baily Wolf. Punishment and Prescribed Overcompensation for Deviant Moms: How Race and Work Status Affect
Judgments of Moms. In Gender & Work: Challenging Conventional Wisdom, edited by Robin Ely, and
Amy J.C. Cuddy. Boston: Harvard Business School
Press, 2013.
Cuddy, Amy J.C., Caroline A. Wilmuth, and Dana R.
Carney. Preparatory Power Posing Affects Performance and Outcomes in Social Evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology (submitted).

Fernandes, Catarina R., and Jeffrey T. Polzer. Diversity in Groups. In Emerging Trends in the Social
and Behavioral Sciences, edited by Robert A. Scott
and Stephen M. Kosslyn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications (under review).
Gardner, Heidi K., and Lisa B. Kwan. Expertise Dissensus: A Multi-level Model of Teams Differing Perceptions about Member Expertise. HBS Working
Paper No. 12-070, March 2012.
Gulati, Ranjay, Franz Wohlgezogen, and Pavel Zhelyazkov. The Two Facets of Collaboration: Cooperation and Coordination in Strategic Alliances. Academy of Management Annals 6, no.1(2012): 531-583.

R E S E A R C H , 2 013

Jang, Sujin. Bringing Worlds Together: Cultural Brokerage in Multicultural Teams. Working Paper, 2013.
Jang, Sujin, and Roy Chua. Building Intercultural
Trust at the Negotiating Table. In Negotiation Excellence: Successful Deal Making, edited by Michael
Benoliel. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011.
Jang, Sujin, and George Alvarez. From Seeing Dots
to Perceiving Social Cues: Mapping the Relationship
between Visual Processing and Social Perceptiveness. Working Paper, 2012.
Jang, Sujin, Justin Monticello, Sam Ten Cate, and
J. Richard Hackman. Were Halfway There? The Effects of Time on Group Processes and Outcomes.
Working Paper, 2012
Jang, Sujin, Lakshmi Ramarajan, and Jeffrey T. Polzer. You Are Who You Befriend: How Online Social Networks Shape Perceptions. Working Paper,
2012.
Manning, Ryann. FollowMe.IntDev.Com: International Development in the Blogosphere. In Popular Representations of Development: Insights from
Novels, Films, Television, and Social Media, edited
by David Lewis, Dennis Rodgers, and Michael Woolcock. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Milkman, Katherine L., Mary Carol Mazza, Lisa L.
Shu, Chia-Jung Tsay, and Max H. Bazerman. Policy Bundling to Overcome Loss Aversion: A Method
for Improving Legislative Outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 117,
(2012): 158-167.
Neeley, Tsedal, Fon Wiruchnipawan, and Jeffrey T.
Polzer. Global Language Mandates Create Status
Differences for Nonnative Speakers. Working Paper, 2013.
Polzer, Jeffrey T., and Lisa Kwan. When Identities, Interests, and Information Collide: How Subgroups Create Hidden Profiles in Teams. In Looking
Back, Moving Forward: A Review of Group and TeamBased Research (Research on Managing Groups and
Teams, Volume 15), edited by Margaret A. Neale and
Elizabeth A. Mannix. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group
Publishing, 2012.
Polzer, Jeffrey T., Patricia Satterstrom, Lisa Kwan,
and Fon Wiruchnipawan. Thin Slices of Teams.
Working Paper, 2013.

Rashid, Faaiza, and Amy C. Edmondson. Risky

Trust: How Multi-entity Teams Develop Trust in a
High Risk Endeavor. HBS Working Paper No. 11089, February 2011.
Rashid, Faaiza, and Amy C. Edmondson. Risky
Trust: How Teams Develop Trust in High-Risk Endeavours. Rotman Magazine, (Spring 2012).

H ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

Rashid, Faaiza, and Amy C. Edmondson. Risky

Trust: How Multi-entity Teams Develop Trust in High
Risk Endeavors. In Restoring Trust: Challenges and
Prospects Restoring Trust in Organizations and Leaders: Enduring Challenges and Emerging Answers,
edited by Roderick Kramer and Todd Pittinsky, New
York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Rashid, Faaiza. Self-Organizing Networks. In Encyclopedia of Social Networks, edited by George Barnett. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2011.
Rashid, Faaiza. Collective Action and Social Movements. In Encyclopedia of Social Networks, edited
by George Barnett. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2011.
Rashid, Faaiza. Developing a Case Study for Interactive Learning: Purpose, Form and Methodology.
In The Owners Dilemma: Driving Success and Innovation in the Design and Construction Industry, edited by Barbara Bryson and Canan Yetmen. Norcross,
GA: Greenway Communications, 2010.
Sezer, Ovul, Ting Zhang, Francesca Gino, and Max
Bazerman. Overcoming the Outcome Bias: Making
Process Matter. HBS Working Paper No. 13-086,
April 2013.
Tadmor, Carmit, Patricia Satterstrom, Sujin Jang,
and Jeffrey T. Polzer. Beyond Individual Creativity:
The Superadditive Benefits of Multicultural Experience for Collective Creativity in Culturally Diverse
Teams. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43,
no.3 (April 2012): 384-392.
Tadmor, Carmit T., Ying-yi Hong, Melody M. Chao,
Fon Wiruchnipawan, and Wei Wang. Multicultural
Experiences Reduce Intergroup Bias through Epistemic Unfreezing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (in press).

Tan, Vaughn. The Pains and Pleasures of Joining

Up. Administrative Science Quarterly (second revise and resubmit).
Tan, Vaughn. Learning House Style. Working Paper, 2013.
Tan, Vaughn. Intentional Ambiguity. Working Paper, 2013.
Tan, Vaughn. Short, Wide Circuits. Working Paper,
2013.
Van der Toorn, Jojanneke, Matthew Feinberg, John
Jost, Aaron Kay, Tom Tyler, Robb Willer and Caroline
A. Wilmuth. Powerlessness Increases System Justification: Implications for the Legitimation of Authority, Hierarchy, and Government. Political Psychology (in press).

Wiruchnipawan, Fon, and Jeffrey T. Polzer. Helping Whom? When and How Lead-by-Help Enhances
Subordinates Commitment and Work Performance.
Working Paper, 2013.

Wiruchnipawan, Fon, and Roy Y.J. Chua. Dialectical Thinking and Creativity: Moderating Effects of Supervisor Leadership Style. Working Paper, 2013.
Wiruchnipawan, Fon. Angry at Whom? Target Specificity of Incidental Anger on Risk Taking and Mood
Repair Implications. Working Paper, 2013.
Zhang, Ting, and Max H. Bazerman. Managerial
Decision Biases. In Encyclopedia of Management
Theory, edited by Eric H. Kessler. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage, 2013.
Zhelyazkov, Pavel. When Does the Glue of Social
Ties Dissolve? Syndication Ties and Performance
Cues in Withdrawals from Venture Capital Syndicates, 19852009. In Proceedings of the Seventieth Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management
(CD), edited by Leslie Toombs. Briarcliff, NY: Academy of Mangement, 2012.
ABSTRACT

Manning, Ryann. FollowMe.IntDev.

Com: International Development in
the Blogosphere. In Popular Representations of Development: Insights
from Novels, Films, Television, and
Social Media, edited by David Lewis,
Dennis Rodgers, and Michael Woolcock. New York:
Routledge, 2013.
This article explores online blogs as a new forum for
discussing ideas and practices in international development. Based on a qualitative study of conversations that take place across multiple blogs, I conclude that the blogosphere combines features of
a public sphere, in which people convene to discuss issues of public interest, and an invisible college, in which experts create, verify, and legitimise
knowledge and expertise. Blogs have the potential
to be inclusive and participatory, but they also exclude many groups and privilege certain forms of expertise, and are dominated by a sophisticated and
wired global elite.

STRATEGY
Alusi, Annissa, Robert G. Eccles, Amy C. Edmondson, and Tiona Zuzul. Sustainable Cities: Oxymoron
or the Shape of the Future? In Infrastructure Sustainability and Design, edited by Spiro Pollalis, Andreas Georgoulias, Stephen Ramos, and Daniel Schodek. New York: Routledge, 2012.
Edmondson, Amy C., and Tiona Zuzul. Blending
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. In Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, edited by David Teece and Mie Augier. London: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming.
Helfat, Constance, and Andrea Hill. Managerial

Rents. In Encyclopedia of Strategic Management,

edited by David Teece and Mie Augier. London: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming.
Helfat, Constance, and Andrea Hill. Managerial Resources and Capabilities. In Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, edited by David Teece and Mie
Augier. London: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming.

Hill, Andrea, Josh Lerner, and Oliver Wyman Consulting Firm. The Future of Long-Term Investing.
World Economic Forum Report, 2011.
Kim, Jin Hyung, and Jerry W. Kim. Change in Organizational Search Behaviors as a Response to Environmental Change. Working Paper, 2012.
Menon, Anoop R. Subjective Strategic Forecasting:
An Associative Model Of How We Look Into The Future. Working Paper, 2012.
Menon, Anoop R. The Impact of Prior Performance
on Strategic Choice: An Emotion-Based Argument.
Working Paper, 2012.
Menon, Anoop R., and Dennis A. Yao. Strategy Dynamics, Repositioning Costs, and Competitive Interactions. Working Paper, 2012.
Gavetti, Giovanni M., and Anoop R. Menon. Strategic Leaps through Re-Categorization. Working Paper, 2011.

Menon, Anoop R., and Dennis A. Yao. Product Market Strategy. In Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, edited by David Teece and Mie Augier. London: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming.
Licht, Amir N., Christopher Poliquin, Jordan I. Siegel, and Xi Li. What Makes the Bonding Stick? A
Natural Experiment Involving the U.S. Supreme
Court and Cross-Listed Firms. HBS Working Paper
No. 11-072, December 2010 (revised March 2013).

Zuzul, Tiona, and Amy C. Edmondson. Ambiguity

Squared: Growing a New Business in a Nascent Industry. HBS Working Paper 11099, March 2011
(revised April 2011, January 2012, October 2012).
Zuzul, Tiona, and Constance Helfat. The Capability Life-Cycle. In Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, edited by David Teece and Mie Augier. London: Palgrave Macmillan (forthcoming).
ABSTRACT

Zuzul, Tiona, and Amy C. Edmondson. Ambiguity Squared: Growing a

New Business in a Nascent Industry.
HBS Working Paper 11099, March
2011 (revised April 2011, January
2012, October 2012).
Our research explores the challenge of competing in
a nascent industry. Existing research has argued that,
in a nascent industry, business leaders must legiti-

R E S E A R C H , 2 013

mate both their ventures and their industries through

externally-oriented, symbolic actions. Through a longitudinal, qualitative study of a company in the nascent smart cities industry, we examine the potentially negative effects of legitimation activities, which we
conceptualize as the companys legitimation capability. We find that, when leaders in nascent industries
work to create and legitimize an industry, internal
development of the company may suffer, due to attentional constraints, cognitive crowding, and identity commitments. Together, these three cognitive
effects obstruct the development of internal capabilities, and hinder learning and adaptation. Our research reveals the unique challenges of competing in
a nascent industry, and highlights the importance of
cognition in this context.
ABSTRACT

Menon, Anoop R. Subjective Strategic Forecasting: An Associative

Model Of How We Look Into The Future. Working Paper, 2012.
This paper explores the process by
which decision makers make subjective forecasts,
that is, forecasts that are based on subjective estimates and gut feeling as opposed to a rational decision calculus. It develops a parsimonious model of
this process that is fundamentally based on the associative nature of information processing in the mind.
The model has some counter-intuitive properties. For
instance, it predicts that explicitly querying for the
likelihood of an event changes this likelihood, that
subjective likelihood estimates can violate basic precepts of deductive logic, that these likelihoods are
non-extensional, and that the absence of events is
likely to be ignored in subjective likelihoods. It was
also able to account for some well-documented cognitive biases like the conjunction fallacy, the confirmation bias and framing effects. Finally, the model
is applied to strategic forecasting settings of significant complexity that entail deliberation. It predicts
that deliberation on any given consequence will skew
the forecasts of all consequences from their initial
points, and that there is a trade-off between the
depth and the diversity of information that is salient
in the mind at any given point in time. Furthermore,
complexity increases the skew that results from deliberation, and the forecast will depend crucially on
the order or sequence in which different eventualities are deliberated over.

TECHNOLOGY & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Altman, Elizabeth J., Frank Nagle, and Michael
L. Tushman. Technology and Innovation Management. In Oxford Bibliographies in Management, edited by Ricky W. Griffin. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Berry Jaeker, Jillian, and Anita L. Tucker. Hurry Up

and Wait: Differential Impacts of Congestion, Bottleneck Pressure, and Predictability on Patient Length
of Stay. Management Science (first round review).
Berry Jaeker, Jillian, and Anita L. Tucker. Hurry Up and Wait: Differential Impacts of Congestion,
Bottleneck Pressure, and Predictability on Patient
Length of Stay. HBS Working Paper 13052, December 2012.
Chai, Sen. Moving Beyond Bibliometrics: Understanding the Emergence of Breakthroughs through
Failures. Working Paper, 2013.
Chai, Sen, and Willy C. Shih. Fostering Translational Research: Using Public-Private Partnerships
to Improve Firm Survival, Employment Growth, and
Innovative Performance. HBS Working Paper 13058, January 2013.
Craig, Nathan C., and Ananth Raman. Going Out
of Business: Applying Management Science to Retail
Chain Liquidation. Working Paper, 2012.
Craig, Nathan C., Nicole DeHoratius, and Ananth
Raman. The Impact of Supplier Reliability Tracking
on Customer Demand: Model and Estimation Methodology. HBS Working Paper 11-034, September
2010 (Revised July 2011.)
Doshi, Anil R., Glen W. S. Dowell, and Michael W.
Toffel. How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure. Strategic Management Journal
(published ahead of print, March 13, 2013) doi:
10.1002/smj.2055.
Greenstein, Shane and Frank Nagle. Digital Dark
Matter and the Economics of Apache. Research Policy (revise and resubmit).

Jira, Chonnikarn Fern, and Michael W. Toffel. Engaging Supply Chains in Climate Change. Manufacturing and Service Operations Management (forthcoming).
Jira, Chonnikarn Fern, David M. Waguespack, and Lee
Fleming. Collaborative Innovation and Leadership Effectiveness. Organization Science (revise and resubmit).
Jira, Chonnikarn Fern, and Deishin Lee. Overcoming Organizational Barriers to Waste Heat Recovery.
Journal of Industrial Ecology (under review).
McElheran, Kristina and Frank Nagle. SupplyChain Based Network Effects in Information Technology Adoption. Working Paper, 2013.

Nagle, Frank. Stock Market Prediction via Social

H ARVA R D BU SI N ESS SCH OO L D O C T O R A L P R O G R A M S

Media: The Importance of Competitors. Working

Paper, 2013.

Nagle, Frank, and Christopher Riedl. The Benefits of Product Quality DisagreementWhen Divergent Reviews Drive Online Word of Mouth. Working Paper, 2013.
Schmidt, William, Vishal Gaur, Richard Lai, Ananth
Raman. Signaling to Partially Informed Investors
in the Newsvendor Model. HBS Working Paper 11105, April 2011 (revised February 2012).
ABSTRACT

Berry Jaeker, Jillian, and Anita L.

Tucker. Hurry Up and Wait: Differential Impacts of Congestion, Bottleneck Pressure, and Predictability on
Patient Length of Stay. HBS Working Paper 13052, December 2012.
High work load, from high inventory levels, impacts
unit processing times, but prior operations management studies have found conflicting results regarding direction. Thus, it is difficult to predict inventorys effects on productivity a priori, inhibiting
effective capacity management in high load systems.
We categorize load into in-process inventory (congestion) and incoming inventory, decomposing the latter
into its levels of bottleneck (BN) pressure and predictability, and quantify the magnitudes and directions of change on processing times. Using data from
283 hospitals, we find (1) high congestion increases a patients hospital stay up to 28%, indicating inefficiencies from overloaded resources; (2) a patient
stays up to 11.7% longer if there is a high load of
incoming low BN pressure patients, consistent with
the slowdown associated with social loafing; (3) a
patients stay is up to 10.2% shorter when there is a
high incoming load of predictable patients, consistent with workload smoothing.
ABSTRACT

Chai, Sen, and Willy C. Shih. Fostering Translational Research: Using Public-Private Partnerships to
Improve Firm Survival, Employment Growth, and Innovative Performance. HBS Working Paper 13-058,
January 2013.
Scientific research and its translation into commercialized technology is a driver of wealth creation and
economic growth. Partnerships between public research organizations, such as universities and hospitals, and private firms are an established policy tool
to foster the translation of basic science into commercial applications that spur economic growth and
increased employment has attracted increased interest. Yet questions about efficacy and the efficiency

with which funds are used are a subject of frequent

debate. This paper examines empirical data from
the Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation (DNATF), an agency that funds partnerships between universities and private companies to develop
technologies important to Danish industry. We assess the effect of a particular mediated funding
scheme which combines project grants with active
facilitation and conflict management on firm performancesurvival, employment and growthand
firm innovative performancequantity, quality and
nature of patents and papersby comparing funded and unfunded firms. Because randomization of
the sample was not feasible, we address endogeneity around selection bias using a regression discontinuity design in which we select small and medium
enterprises just above and just below the funding
cutoff threshold. This allows us to observe the local
treatment effect of a subsample in which recipients
and non-recipients are qualitatively similar. We find
convincing evidence that DNATFs mediated funding model has a compelling effect on firm performance and overall innovative performance three to
four years after receipt of funds.
ABSTRACT

Doshi, Anil R., Glen W. S. Dowell,

and Michael W. Toffel. How Firms
Respond to Mandatory Information
Disclosure. Strategic Management
Journal (published ahead of print,
March 13, 2013) doi: 10.1002/
smj.2055.
Mandatory information disclosure regulations seek to
create institutional pressure to spur performance improvement. By examining how organizational characteristics moderate establishments responses to a
prominent environmental information disclosure program, we provide among the first empirical evidence
characterizing heterogeneous responses by those
mandated to disclose information. We find particularly rapid improvement among establishments located close to their headquarters and among establishments with proximate siblings, especially when the
proximate siblings are in the same industry. Large
establishments improve more slowly than small establishments in sparse regions, but both groups perform similarly in dense regions, suggesting that density mitigates the power of large establishments to
resist institutional pressures. Finally, establishments
owned by private firms outperform those owned by
public firms. We highlight implications for institutional theory, managers, and policymakers.

R E S E A R C H , 2 013

HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL

DOCTORAL PROGRAMS
WYSS HOUSE
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02163
WWW.HBS.EDU / DOCTORAL