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FileName : 7030-TK-3100-------------------------------------Horizontal Vessel Analysis (Ope.) :

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Saddle Analysis
Learning

Reference : 1. Deniss R Moss

2. ASME Sec.VIII Div.2
Legend

: Pink & red colour block are added reference text

Other text are pv-elite output

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ASME Horizontal Vessel Analysis: Stresses for the Left Saddle
(per ASME Sec. VIII Div. 2 based on the Zick method.)
Horizontal Vessel Stress Calculations : Operating Case
Note: Wear Pad Width (250.00) is less than 1.56*sqrt(rm*t)
and less than 2a. The wear plate will be ignored.

Minimum Wear Plate Width to be considered in analysis [b1]:

= min( b + 1.56*sqrt( Rm * t ), 2a )
= min( 220.000 + 1.56*sqrt( 1807.5001 * 9.0000 ), 2 * 1440.000 )
= 418.9688 mm.

Input and Calculated Values:

Vessel Mean Radius
Stiffened Vessel Length per 4.15.6
Distance from Saddle to Vessel tangent

Rm
L
a

1807.50
7200.00
1440.00

mm. Rm = (ID + Thk. + CA)/2

mm. L = Tan Line
mm.

Saddle Width
Saddle Bearing Angle

b
theta

220.00
150.00

mm.
degrees

Inside Depth of Head

h2

903.00

mm. h2 = Corroded ID /4

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FileName : 7030-TK-3100-------------------------------------Horizontal Vessel Analysis (Ope.) :
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Shell Allowable Stress used in Calculation
Head Allowable Stress used in Calculation
Circumferential Efficiency in Plane of Saddle
Circumferential Efficiency at Mid-Span
Saddle Force Q, Operating Case

1406.14
1406.14
1.00
1.00
121529.89

KG/CM2
KG/CM2

KG

From Step - 5

Horizontal Vessel Analysis Results:

Actual
Allowable
------------------------------------------------------------------Long. Stress at Top
of Midspan
351.35
1406.14 KG/CM2
Long. Stress at Bottom of Midspan
416.61
1406.14 KG/CM2
Long. Stress at Top
of Saddles
424.40
1406.14 KG/CM2
Long. Stress at Bottom of Saddles
343.56
1406.14 KG/CM2
Tangential Shear in Shell
Circ. Compressive Stress in Shell
Stiffener Circ. Stress at Shell
Stiffener Circ. Stress at Tip

Basis of allow. stress

(
(
(
(

SE
SE
SE
SE

)
)
)
)

122.26
85.33

1124.91
1406.14

KG/CM2
KG/CM2

(0.8S)
(S)

1245.17
1624.91

1757.68
1757.68

KG/CM2
KG/CM2

(1.25 SE)
(1.25 SE)

Intermediate Results: Saddle Reaction Q due to Wind or Seismic

Step - 1
Saddle Reaction Force due to Wind Ft [Fwt]:
= Ftr * ( Ft/Num of Saddles + Z Force Load ) * B / E
= 3.00 * ( 4186.2 /2 + 0 ) * 2026.0000 / 3200.0000
= 3975.6 KG
Fwt = Sum of wind load of all elements from wind load cal.
Divided by 2 because it is taken by 2 saddles
E is base plate length will play role in transverse load
Ls length between saddle centrline will play role in long. load
Ref. Deniss Moss page no.130

Step - 2
Saddle Reaction Force due to Wind Fl or Friction [Fwl]:
= Max( Fl, Friction Load, Sum of X Forces) * B / Ls
= Max( 3201.93 , 36822.13 , 0 ) * 2026.0000 / 4320.0000
= 17268.9 KG
Fwl = calculated but not shown in detail in pv-elite calculation
It is same as trasverse load only wind area is changing
which is acting on single saddle
See Ls length between saddle will play role in long. load

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Friction load = friction factor mu * saddle load from step 2

i.e. friction load

= 0.45 * 81826 = 36821.7

Ref. Deniss Moss page no.181

Step 3
Saddle Reaction Force due to Earthquake Fl or Friction [Fsl]:
= Max( Fl, Friction Force, Sum of X Forces ) * B / Ls
= Max( 41806.33 , 36822.13 , 0 ) * 2026.0000 / 4320.0000
= 19606.4 KG
Fst is same as Fsl in case of earth quake because it does not depend up on direction as in case of
Wind loading
i.e. Fl = Ft = 41806

If we have specified any force in X or Z direction like bundle pulling force than it will come in
sum of X force or Z force load
Accordingly transverse & long. Load will change
Ref. Deniss Moss page no.181

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Step - 4
Saddle Reaction Force due to Earthquake Ft [Fst]:
= Ftr * ( Ft/Num of Saddles + Z Force Load ) * B / E
= 3.00 * ( 41806 /2 + 0 ) * 2026.0000 / 3200.0000
= 39702.9 KG
Fst is same as Fsl in case of earth quake because it does not depends up on direction as in case
of Wind loading
Step - 5
Load Combination Results for Q + Wind or Seismic [Q]:
= Saddle Load + Max( Fwl, Fwt, Fsl, Fst )
= 81826 + Max( 17268 , 3975 , 19606 , 39702 )
= 121529.9 KG
Saddle load 81826 is calculated by finding reaction at saddle as per SFBM calculation.

Step - 6
Summary of Loads at the base of this Saddle:
Vertical Load (including saddle weight)
Vertical load

122652.01

KG

= Q + Saddle weights from weight summary / 2

= 121529.9 + (2244.2/2)

Transverse Shear Load Saddle

20903.16

KG

Transverse load higher of wind or seismic from step 1 or step 4 divide by 2

Longitudinal Shear Load Saddle

41806.33

KG

Long. load higher of wind or seismic from step 2 or step 3

Formulas and Substitutions for Horizontal Vessel Analysis:

Step -7
Note: Wear Plate is Welded to the Shell, k = 0.1
The Computed K values from Table 4.15.1:
K1 = 0.1607
K2 = 0.7988
K3 = 0.4851
K5 = 0.6733
K6 = 0.0317
K7 = 0.0220
K9 = 0.2177
K10 = 0.0355
K1* = 0.2792

K4
K8

= 0.2952
= 0.3021

Please refer table 4.15.1 in ASME Sec.VIII Div 2 page no.531

Based on angles theta,alpha,bita,delta,rho various factor are calculated by pv-elite

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This factors will be utilised in calculation of moments at various points
Which moments will be used for calculating stress at diff. points.

Note: Dimension a is greater than or equal to Rm / 2.

Here a = 0.2* L = 1440 is greater than Rm/2 = 1807.5 / 2 =903.75
Step -7 : Calculating moment M1 & M2

Moment per Equation 4.15.3 [M1]:

= -Q*a [1 - (1- a/L + (R-h2)/(2a*L))/(1+(4h2)/3L)]
= -121529*1440.00[1-(1-1440.00/7200.00+(1807.500-903.000)/
(2*1440.00*7200.00))/(1+(4*903.00)/(3*7200.00))]
= -37324.3 KG-M
Moment per Equation 4.15.4 [M2]:
= Q*L/4(1+2(R-h2)/(L))/(1+(4h2)/( 3L))-4a/L
= 121529*7200/4(1+2(1807-903)/(7200))/(1+(4*903)/
(3*7200))-4*1440/7200
= 30131.7 KG-M

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Step -7 : Calculating Stress sigma 1 & sigma 2 at mid span due to moment M2
Longitudinal stress at midspan sigma 1 is in top which is compressive in nature & sigma 2 is in
bottom which is tensile
Longitudinal Stress at Top of Shell (4.15.6) [Sigma1]:
= P * Rm/(2t) - M2/(pi*Rmt)
= 3.82 * 1807.500 /(2*9.00 ) - 30131.7 /(pi*1807.5*9.00 )
= 351.35 KG/CM2
Compare with Allowable stress = SE = 1406.14
Here Longitudinal stress is combination of membrane stress + bending stress
PR/2t = PD/4t = is longitudinal membrane stress acting on circumferntial joints
PD/4t = Is circumferntial ( HOOP) membrane stress acting on long. Joint.Thk of shell is governing
due to Hoop stress
M/Z
= Is bending stress where Z is section modulas of cylinder with thin wall

Longitudinal Stress at Bottom of Shell (4.15.7) [Sigma2]:

= P * Rm/(2t) + M2/(pi * Rm * t)
= 3.82 * 1807.500 /(2 * 9.00 ) + 30131.7 /(pi * 1807.5 * 9.00 )
= 416.61 KG/CM2
Compare with Allowable stress = SE = 1406.14
Step - 8 : Calculating Stress sigma 3 & sigma 4 at saddle support due to moment M1
Longitudinal stress at midspan sigma 3 is in top which is tensile & sigma 4 is in bottom
compressive in nature
The values of these stresses depend on the rigidity of the shell at the saddle support.
The cylindrical shell may be considered as suitably stiffened if it incorporates stiffening rings
at, or on both sides of the saddle support, or if the support is sufficiently close defined as
a 0.5R , to a torispherical or elliptical head (a hemispherical head is not considered a
stiffening element), a flat cover, or tubesheet.
Formulas for sigma 3 & sigma 4 are different for stiffened shell & unstiffned shell(Sigma3* &
sigma 4*)Pv-elite will change formula as per criteria given in Div.2
Longitudinal Stress at Top of Shell at Support (4.15.8) [Sigma3]:
= P * Rm/(2t) - M1/(pi * Rm * t)
= 3.82 * 1807.500 /(2 * 9.00 ) - -37324.3 /(pi * 1807.5 * 9.00 )
= 424.40 KG/CM2
Compare with Allowable stress = SE = 1406.14
Longitudinal Stress at bottom of Shell at Support (4.15.9) [Sigma4]:
= P * Rm/(2t) + M1/(pi*Rmt)
= 3.82 * 1807.500 /(2*9.00 ) + -37324.3 /(pi*1807.5*9.00 )
= 343.56 KG/CM2

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Compare with Allowable stress = SE = 1406.14

Where Sc
Sigma3* & sigma 4*

= allowable compressive stress of shell material at design temp

= longitudinal stress at saddle support if not considered
shell as stiffened

Step - 9 : Calculating Shear Stress sigma due to shear force T

So far we have calculated longitudinal bending stress Now its turn for shear stress
There are four different cases in which shell shear stress is calculated
Case 1 Shell having single stiffner ring in plane of saddle
Case 2 Shell having two stiffner rings on both side of saddle support
Case 3 Shell without stiffening ring(s) & not stiffened by a formed head, flat cover, or
tubesheet, (a > 0.5 Rm )
Case 4 shell without stiffening ring(s) and stiffened by a torispherical or elliptical head,
flat cover, or tubesheet, ( a <=0.5Rm )
Depends up on this different case the point at which maximum shear stress will change & formula
for shear stress will also change.
Fig.4.15.5 (b) for case-1

Fig.4.15.5 (c) for case-2,3,4

Points C,D,E,F indicates location of max. shear stress

Pv-elite will check stress as per applicable case.
Maximum Shear Force in the Saddle (4.15.5) [T]:
= Q(L-2a)/(L+(4*h2/3))
= 121529 ( 7200.00 - 2 * 1440.00 )/(7200.00 + ( 4 * 903.00 /3))
= 62471.3 KG
Shear Stress in the shell with a single ring (4.15.13) [tau1]:
= T / ( pi * Rm * t )
= 62471.34 / ( pi * 1807.5001 * 9.0000 )
= 122.26 KG/CM2

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For case 1
tau1 is calculated
For case 2 & 3 tau2 is calculated
For case 4
tau3 is calculated
If we have placed saddle like case 4 such that a <= 0.5Rm

than additional output for

Shear stress in formed head tou3*

Membrane stress in torispherical,elliptical formed head Sigma 5 will come in pv-elite.

Where Sh = allowable stress of head at design temp.

Step - 9 : Calculating circumferntial Stress sigma 7,8,9,10,11
Find out width of cylindrical shell contributes to the strength of saddle at the saddle location
Decay Length (4.15.22) [x1,x2]:
= 0.78 * sqrt( Rm * t )
= 0.78 * sqrt( 1807.500 * 9.000 )
= 99.484 mm.
Here also so many case based on different possibility are given in Div.2
Case 1 No stiffening ring
a. find Sigma 6 = maximum compressive circ. Stress at the base of saddle support
b. find Sigma 7 = compressive circ. Stress + bending Stresses at horn of the saddle i.e at point G & H
Case b1 if L = Tan to tan line length > = 8 * Rm find Sigma 7
Case b1 if L = Tan to tan line length < 8 * Rm find Sigma 7*
c. If wear plate has been provided as per min. width required as per code clause 4.15.3.1.C
Above stress can be calculated as per given formula
Sigma 6r
Sigma 7r
Sigma 7*r where r indicates it is considering reinforcement (wear) plate
d. if provided wear plate thk. tr > 2 * t
than compressive membrane plus bending stress at the ends of the reinforcing plate is calculated as shown in fig.b
point G1,H1
fig. b
fig.a

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Case 2 Stiffening ring in plane of saddle
a.find Sigma 6* = maximum compressive circ. stress at the base of saddle support
Circ. Stress in shell w/ring in Plane of Saddle (4.15.32) [sigma6*]:
= -K5 * Q * k/A
= -0.673 * 121529 * 0.1 /9591.31
= -85.33 KG/CM2
Note: Single Ring in Plane of Saddle Outside the Shell.
b.Claculte circumferential compressive membrane plus bending stress at Points G and H as shown in fig.a above
case b -1
If internal stiffening ring is provided
calculate sigma 8 = stress in shell
sigma 9 = stress in ring
case b - 2

If external stiffening ring is provided

calculate sigma 8* = stress in shell
sigma 9* = stress in ring

Circ. + Bending Stress in shell w/ring in Plane of Saddle (4.15.35) [sigma8*]

= -K8 * Q/A + K6 * Q * Rm * c1/I
= -0.3021*121529/9591.31+0.0317*121529*1807.50*104.94/44857792
= 1245.17 KG/CM2
Circ. + Bending Stress in ring w/ring in Plane of Saddle (4.15.36) [sigma9*]:
= -K8 * Q/A - K6 * Q * Rm * c2/I
= -0.3021*121529/9591.31-0.0317*121529*1807.50*80.06/44857788
= -1624.91 KG/CM2
Case 3 cylindrical shell with stiffening rings on both sides of the saddle support
a.find Sigma 6 = maximum compressive circ. stress at the base of saddle support
b.Claculte circumferential compressive membrane plus bending stress at Points I and J as shown in fig.C below
case b -1
If internal stiffening ring is provided
calculate sigma 10 = stress in shell
sigma 11 = stress in ring
case b - 2

If external stiffening ring is provided

calculate sigma 10* = stress in shell
sigma 11* = stress in ring

Fig C

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Step 10 Calculate thermal expansion

Free Un-Restrained Thermal Expansion between the Saddles [Exp]:
= Alpha * Ls * ( Design Temperature - Ambient Temperature )
= 0.126E-04 * 4320.000 * ( 170.0 - 21.1 )
= 8.076 mm.
Alpha shall be used from Part II D alpha C Linear coefficient of thermal expansiom

Step-11 Check saddle in lateral loading in tension & bending

Results for Vessel Ribs, Web and Base:
Baseplate Length
Baseplate Thickness
Baseplate Width
Number of Ribs ( inc. outside ribs )
Rib Thickness
Web Thickness
Web Location

Bplen
Bpthk
Bpwid
Nribs
Ribtk
Webtk
Webloc

Calculate MOI of saddle section as per Deniss moss reference method

3200.0000
22.0000
250.0000
4
30.0000
30.0000
Center

mm.
mm.
mm.
mm.
mm.

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Moment of Inertia of Saddle - Lateral Direction

Shell
Wearplate
Web
BasePlate
Totals
Value
Value
Value

Y
4.
17.
102.
189.
312.

A
4039.
4000.
4590.
5500.
18130.

C1 = Sumof(Ay)/Sumof(A)
I = Sumof(Io) - C1*Sumof(Ay)
As = Sumof(A) - Ashell

AY
18173.
68000.
465885.
1039500.
1591558.
=
=
=

Io
109039.
1241329.
56241080.
196686640.
254278064.
88.
114550568.
14091.

mm.
mm**4
sq.mm.

Find factor K1 from following table

K1 = (1+Cos(beta)-.5*Sin(beta) )/(pi-beta+Sin(beta)*Cos(beta)) =

0.2594

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Fh = K1 * Q = 0.2594 * 121529.891 = 31521.4961 KG
Tension Stress, St = ( Fh/As )
=
Allowed Stress, Sa = 0.6 * Yield Str =

Where Q is taken from step - 5

223.7611
1529.5380

KG/CM2
KG/CM2

Where As = Saddle area is calualted in MOI step calculation

d = B - R*Sin(theta) / theta
Bending Moment, M = Fh * d

=
=

672.5430
21195.4492

Bending Stress, Sb = ( M * C1 / I ) =
Allowed Stress, Sa = 2/3 * Yield Str =

1625.0912
1699.4867

mm.
KG-M

KG/CM2
KG/CM2

Bending stress = M/Z where Z = I / Y here Y is C1 calculated in MOI step

Actual bending stress will be compare with allowable bending stress = 0.66 * Yield stress

Step -12 calculate Base plate thk

Minimum Thickness of Baseplate per Moss :
= ( 3 * ( Q + Saddle_Wt ) * BasePlateWidth / ( 4 * BasePlateLength *
AllStress ))
= ( 3 * (121529 + 1122 ) * 250.00 / ( 4 * 3200.000 * 1699.487 ))
= 20.566 mm.

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Calculation of Axial Load, Intermediate Values and Compressive Stress

Effective Baseplate Length [e]:
= ( Bplen - Clearance ) / ( Nribs - 1)
= ( 3200.0000 - 25.4 ) / ( 4 - 1 ) = 1058.2001 mm.
Baseplate Pressure Area [Ap]:
= e * Bpwid / 2
= 1058.2001 * 250.0000 / 2 = 0.1E+06 sq.mm.
Axial Load [P]:
= Ap * Bp
= 132283.2 * 0.15 = 20094.2 KG
Area of the Rib and Web [Ar]:
= ( Bpwid - Clearance - Webtk ) * Ribtk + e/2 * Webtk
= ( 250.000 - 25.4 - 30.000 ) * 30.000 + 1058.2001 /2 * 30.000
= 21712.348 sq.mm.
Combined area of web & ribs will take axial load P
Compressive Stress [Sc]:
= P/Ar
= 20094.2 / 21712.3477 = 92.5720 KG/CM2
Check of Outside Ribs:
Inertia of Saddle, Outer Ribs - Longitudinal Direction
Y
A
AY
Rib
110.0
5769.4
634589.9
Web
110.0
15874.0
1746029.9
Values
110.0
21643.3
2380620.0

Ay
0.0
0.0
0.0

Io
27463564.0
2380942.0
29844506.0

Bending Moment [Rm]:

= Fl /( 2 * Bplen ) * e * rl / 2
= 41806.3 /( 2 * 3200.00 ) * 1058.200 * 1534.02 / 2
= 5300.864 KG-M
Formula is like this
Fl

* Effective base plate length * length of outer rib

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(2 * Base plate length )
Bending Momennt =
2
Fl = Logidudional shear load from Step 6

We can rewrite this equation (l/k) = Sqrt ( 2*Pi^2*E*A / W)

Cc

= Sqrt ( 2*Pi^2*E/Fy)

Where C = 2 for one end fixed & one end hinged

Fy = W/A i.e. load / area
KL/R how it is calculated is not clear so far ?
KL/R < Cc ( 41.3750 < 125.6488 ) per AISC E2-1
Sca = (1-(Klr)/(2*Cc))*Fy/(5/3+3*(Klr)/(8*Cc)-(Klr)/(8*Cc)
Sca = ( 1-( 41.38 )/(2 * 125.65 )) * 2549 /
( 5/3+3*(41.38 )/(8* 125.65 )-( 41.38)/(8*125.65)
Sca = 1350.19 KG/CM2
Allowable stress is calculated from following formula of AISC manual

AISC Unity Check on Outside Ribs ( must be <= 1.0 )

Check = Sc/Sca + (Rm/Z)/Sba
Check = 92.57 / 1350.19 + (5300.86 /260423.266) / 1699.49
Check = 1.27 [Failed]

In unity check compression & bending loading both are combined

It shall be less than 1
Inside ribs will checked same way.

Check of Inside Ribs

Inertia of Saddle, Inner Ribs - Axial Direction
Y

AY

Ay

Io

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Rib
Web
Values

112.3
112.3
112.3

5838.4
31748.0
37586.3

655607.4
3565075.8
4220683.5

0.0
0.0
0.0

28324862.0
2380942.0
30705804.0

KL/R < Cc ( 8.8600 < 125.6488 ) per AISC E2-1

Sca = (1-(Klr)/(2*Cc))*Fy/(5/3+3*(Klr)/(8*Cc)-(Klr)/(8*Cc)
Sca = ( 1-( 8.86 )/(2 * 125.65 )) * 2549 /
( 5/3+3*(8.86 )/(8* 125.65 )-( 8.86)/(8*125.65)
Sca = 1501.95 KG/CM2

AISC Unity Check on Inside Ribs ( must be <= 1.0 )

Check = Sc/Sca + (Rm/Z)/Sba
Check = 106.95 / 1501.95 + ( 1750.21 /273426.562) / 1699.49
Check = 0.45
Where Rm bending moment for inside ribs is calculated in same manner like outside ribs but not
shown in Details in output.

Input Data for Base Plate Bolting Calculations:

Total Number of Bolts per BasePlate
Total Number of Bolts in Tension/Baseplate
Bolt Material Specification
Bolt Allowable Stress
Bolt Corrosion Allowance
Distance from Bolts to Edge
Nominal Bolt Diameter
Thread Series
BasePlate Allowable Stress
Area Available in a Single Bolt
Saddle Load QO (Weight)
Saddle Load QL (Wind/Seismic contribution)
Maximum Transverse Force
Maximum Longitudinal Force
Saddle Bolted to Steel Foundation

Nbolts
Nbt
Stba
Bca
Edgedis
Bnd
Series
S
BltArea
QO
QL
Ft
Fl

8
4
SA-193 B7
693.00 KG/CM2 (shear stress of bolts)
0.0000 mm.
40.0050 mm.
42.0000 mm.
TEMA Metric
1162.45 KG/CM2
1018.2812 sq.mm.
82949.1 KG (from step 5)
19606.4 KG ( higher of wind / seismic
Long. Load)
20903.2 KG (from Step 5)
41806.3 KG (from Step 5)
No

Bolt Area Calculation per Dennis R. Moss

Bolt Area Requirement Due to Longitudinal Load [Bltarearl]:
= 0.0 (QO > QL --> No Uplift in Longitudinal direction)
Bolt Area due to Shear Load [Bltarears]:
= Fl / (Stba * Nbolts)
= 41806.33 / (693.00 * 8.00 )
= 754.2833 sq.mm.
Bolt Area due to Transverse Load
Moment on Baseplate Due to Transverse Load [Rmom]:
= B * Ft + Sum of X Moments
= 2026.00 * 20903.16 + 0.00
= 42341.60 KG-M
Eccentricity (e):
= Rmom / QO
= 42341.60 / 82949.07
= 510.55 mm. < Bplen/6 --> No Uplift in Transverse direction
Bolt Area due to Transverse Load [Bltareart]:
= 0 (No Uplift)
Required of a Single Bolt [Bltarear]

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4:00p Sep 7,2011
= max[Bltarearl, Bltarears, Bltareart]
= max[0.0000 , 754.2833 , 0.0000 ]
= 754.2833 sq.mm.

Same as left saddle Pv-elite will check right saddle

Than for hydrotest case will check both saddle for hydro test condition