Monte Carlo Method for Finding Pi

Imagine a square of side d, and a circle inscribed in it - see right

Suppose we throw darts at the square - randomly, so they
hit the square 'evenly'. What fraction would lie within the circle?
The area of the square is d * d
The area of the circle is PI * d * d / 4

++
+
+

So the probability a dart will land in the circle is PI / 4

3.13892

Program result

x
1.0

0.5

xd
0.5

1.0

In the program, we take the side of the square to be 1

We choose a random point at (x,y)
The center of the circle is at (0.5, 0.5)
xd is x - 0.5, and similarly for yd
By Pythagoras the distance of the point from the cente
the square root of xd squared plus yd squared
If this is less than 0.5, the point is inside the circle.
The program does this 100000 times, and displays
4 times the fraction in the circle - an estimate of PI
Start Program

ke the side of the square to be 1

point at (x,y)
le is at (0.5, 0.5)

stance of the point from the center is

squared plus yd squared
, the point is inside the circle.
s 100000 times, and displays
the circle - an estimate of PI