Professional Documents
Culture Documents
valeri xrustali
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
saproceso kodeqsis
komentari
miRebulia 1997 wlis 14 noembers.
amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan.
(2007 wlis 1 Tebervlis mdgomareobiT)
gamomcemloba `samarTali~
Tbilisi 2007
komentari moamzades:
Tengiz liluaSvilma, valeri xrustalma
ISBN 978-99940-807-3-1
II
pirveli gamocemis
winaTqma
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi, romelic amoqmedda 1999 wlis 15 maisidan, agebulia dispoziciurobisa da SejibrebiTobis principebis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT da Seicavs iseT normebsac, romlebic adre moqmed samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsTan
SedarebiT gansxvavebulad awesrigeben ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebas, samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvasTan
dakavSirebiT wamoWril saproceso urTierTobebs. am
axali normebis WeSmariti azrisa da Sinaarsis garkvevaSi daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT, jer kidev kodeqsis amoqmedebis sawyis etapze gamoica Tengiz liluaSvilis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo `samoqalaqo
saqmeTa warmoeba sasamarTloSi~, aseve Tengiz liluaSvilis da valeri xrustalis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo `saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis 310-316-e muxlebis komentari~, romlebic
samoqalaqo procesis calkeuli institutebis mixedviT komentars warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gamoyenebis praqtikam
gviCvena muxlobrivi komentaris SemuSavebisa da gamocemis mizanSewoniloba da aucilebloba.
komentarze muSaobis dros erT-erTi yvelaze rTuli problema, romelic avtorebis winaSe idga, esaa im
sakiTxebis rac SeiZleba zustad da amomwuravad gansazRvra, romlebic SeiZleba wamoiWras ama Tu im muxlis gamoyenebisas. yvelaze qmediTi daxmareba am problemis daZlevaSi SeeZlo sasamarTlo praqtikas, romlis monacemebs iTvaliswineben avtorebi. amasTan erTad, cxovrebam SeiZleba iseTi sakiTxebic wamoWras,
III
IV
VI
Sinaarsi
pirveli gamocemis winaTqma ............................................... IV
meore gamocemis winaTqma .................................................... VI
Sinaarsi ............................................................................ VIII-XXIX
wigni pirveli
zogadi debulebani .................................................... 1
kari pirveli
sasamarTlo ....................................................................... 1
T a v i
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
T a v i
II
T a v i
III
gansjadoba ..................................................................... 27
VII
T a v i
IV
T a v i
VIII
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
T a v i
VI
T a v i
VII
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
IX
T a v i
VIII
kari meore
mxareebi .......................................................................... 142
T a v i
IX
T a v i X
saproceso Tanamonawileoba .............................. 162
muxli 86. Tanamonawileobis safuZvlebi ................................. 162
muxli 87. TanamonawileTa saproceso uflebebi ................... 166
T a v i
XI
T a v i
XII
kari mesame
sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebi .............................. 200
T a v i
XIII
T a v i
XIV
XI
T a v i
XV
T a v i XVI
mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba ..................................... 234
muxli 127. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis miReba ......................... 234
muxli 128. mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebi ......................................... 236
muxli 129. pirebi, romlebisganac ar SeiZleba axsnaganmartebis miReba ....................................................... 238
muxli 130. axsna-ganmartebis miReba erT-erTi mxaris
gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi ............................... 239
muxli 131. aRiareba ............................................................................ 240
XII
T a v i
XVII
T a v i XVIII
mowmeTa Gveneba .......................................................... 256
muxli 140. mowmis gamoZaxeba .......................................................... 256
muxli 141. pirebi, romlebic ar SeiZleba dakiTxul iqnen
mowmed ................................................................................ 257
muxli 142. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba ................ 258
muxli 143. Cvenebis micemis valdebuleba Cvenebis micemaze
uaris Tqmis uflebis miuxedavad ........................... 259
muxli 144. mowmis movaleoba daasabuTos uaris Tqma
Cvenebis micemaze ............................................................ 261
muxli 145. mowmis movaleoba .......................................................... 262
muxli 146. mowmis ufleba ................................................................ 263
muxli 147. mowmis dakiTxva mis adgilsamyofelze ............... 264
muxli 148. mowmis dakiTxva ............................................................. 265
muxli 149. mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxva. mowmeTa
dapirispireba .................................................................. 267
muxli 150. mowmis mier CanawerebiT sargebloba ................... 268
muxli 151. uaris Tqma mowmis dakiTxvaze ................................. 269
muxli 152. arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva ......................... 269
muxli 153. mowmis mier ficis dadeba .......................................... 270
T a v i
XIX
XIII
T a v i
XX
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
wigni meore
saqmeebis warmoeba pirveli instanciis
sasamarTloSi ............................................................. 304
kari meoTxe
sasarCelo warmoeba ................................................. 304
T a v i
XXI
XIV
T a v i XXII
Segebebuli sarGeli ................................................. 329
muxli 188. Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra ................................... 329
muxli 189. Segebebuli sarCelis miRebis pirobebi .............. 331
muxli 190. saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba Segebebuli sarCelis
aRZvris gamo ................................................................... 334
T a v i
XXIII
XV
T a v i
XXIV
T a v i
XXV
XVI
T a v i
XXVI
229.
230.
231.
232.
T a v i
XXVII
XVII
T a v i
XXVIII
XVIII
T a v i
XXIX
T a v i
XXX
T a v i
XXXI
T a v i
XXXII
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
XIX
kari mexuTe
gamartivebuli warmoeba ....................................... 509
T a v i
XXXIII
292.
293.
294.
295.
T a v i
XXXIV
T a v i
XXXIVI
XX
kari meeqvse
udavo warmoeba .......................................................... 536
T a v i
XXXV
T a v i
XXXVI
T a v i
XXXVII
XXI
T a v i
XXXVIII
T a v i
XXXIX
T a v i XLL
qonebis upatronod cnoba .................................... 578
muxli 337. gancxadebis Setana ....................................................... 578
muxli 338. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 578
muxli 339. publikacia ...................................................................... 579
XXII
T a v i XLLI
sawarmosa da kavSiris registracia amoRebulia
muxli 342-348 amoRebulia .......................................................... 583
T a v i XLLII
Svilad ayvana .............................................................. 583
muxli 349. gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb ....................... 583
muxli 350. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ................................................... 584
muxli 351. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba ................................. 586
T a v i
XLLII1
3511.
3512.
3513.
3514.
3515.
kari meSvide
saojaxo, administraciuli, saxelmwifosamarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan
warmoSobili da reketuli qonebis
CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli saqmeebis
ganxilvis Taviseburebani ...................................... 598
T a v i XLLIII
saojaxo saqmeTa ganxilvis
Taviseburebani .....................................................................598
muxli 352. gamoyenebis sfero ........................................................ 598
muxli 353. erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvaleba .......................... 598
muxli 354. saqmis garemoebis dadgena sasamarTlos
iniciativiT ...................................................................... 599
XXIII
T a v i XLLIV
amoRebulia .............................................. 6 0 3
T a v i XLLIV1
warmoeba reketuli an qurduli samyaros
wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
CamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT ............................... 604
muxli 3561. terminTa ganmarteba .................................................. 604
muxli 3562. sarCelis aRZvra reketulil an qurduli
samyaros wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemis
Taobaze .............................................................................. 607
muxli 3563. qonebis cnoba reketulad, qurduli samyaros
wevris an adamianiT movaWris qonebis ukanonod
da dausabuTeblad cnoba .......................................... 610
muxli 3564. qonebaze yadaRis dadeba .......................................... 614
muxli 3565. qonebis reketulad, ukanonod an dausabuTeblad cnobis iuridiuli Sedegebi ........................... 615
muxli 3566. dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ................................ 618
wigni mesame
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa
gasaCivreba ................................................................... 620
kari merve
apelacia ......................................................................... 620
T a v i
XLLV
XXIV
T a v i
XLLVI
T a v i
XLLVII
kari mecxre
kasacia ............................................................................ 673
T a v i XLLVIII
kasaciis dasaSveboba .............................................. 673
muxli 391. sakasacio saCivris Setana ........................................ 673
muxli 3911. saqmis gadacema saqarTvelos uzenaesi
sasamarTlos didi palatisTvis ............................. 683
muxli 392. dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis
dauSvebloba ................................................................... 687
XXV
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
393.
394.
395.
396.
397.
398.
T a v i XLLIX
saqmis warmoeba sakasacio sasamarTloSi ... 708
muxli 399. zogadi debulebani ....................................................... 708
muxli 400. sakasacio saCivris gadagzavna meore
mxarisaTvis, pasuxi sakasacio saCivarze ............. 709
muxli 401. sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmeba ...... 710
muxli 402. sakasacio saCivris miRebis Sedegi ....................... 712
muxli 403. saqmis ganxilvis daniSvna ......................................... 713
muxli 404. gadawyvetilebis Semowmebis farglebi ............... 714
muxli 405. Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari .............................. 718
muxli 406. davis sagnis Secvla da gadideba ........................... 719
muxli 407. Semowmebis faqtobrivi safuZveli ........................ 720
muxli 408. saqmis zepiri ganxilva ............................................... 724
T a v i LL
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba .... 728
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
409.
410.
411.
412.
kari meaTe
kerZo saCivari ............................................................ 735
T a v i LLI
kerZo saGivris dasaSveboba da ganxilvis
wesi .................................................................................... 735
muxli
muxli
muxli
muxli
XXVI
414.
415.
416.
417.
kari meTerTmete
saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba ................................. 743
T a v i LLII
gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb da misi ganxilvis wesi ........................... 743
muxli 421. saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis saxeebi .................... 743
muxli 422. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis)
baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb .............................................. 745
muxli 423. gancxadeba axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ..................... 748
muxli 424. gansjadoba ....................................................................... 751
muxli 425. gancxadebis Setanis wesi ........................................... 753
muxli 426. gancxadebis Setanis vada .......................................... 753
muxli 427. gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb gancxadebis Sinaarsi .................................... 757
muxli 428. mosamarTlis Camocileba gancxadebis
ganxilvisagan ................................................................. 759
muxli 429. gancxadebis dasaSvebobis Semowmeba .................... 760
muxli 430. gancxadebis ganxilva .................................................. 761
muxli 431. saqmis ganxilva .............................................................. 763
muxli 432. gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba .................................... 763
XXVII
XXVIII
wigni pirveli
zogadi debulebani
kari pirveli
sasamarTlo
T a v i
deqss, an im principebs, romlebzec es kodeqsia agebuli, maSin gamoiyeneba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT
gansazRvruli wesebi.
_ sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon isic,
rom saqarTvelos konstituciis me-6 muxlis me-2 punqtis Sesabamisad, Tu samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
esa Tu is norma ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, maSin gamoiyeneba am saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT Tu SeTanxmebiT
gansazRvruli wesi.
2. pirveli muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis moqmedebas droSi. aq damkvidrebulia principi, romlis Tanaxmad samoqalaqo
saproceso kanons ukuqceviTi Zala ar aqvs.
es imas niSnavs, rom samoqalaqo saqmeebis warmoeba
sasamarTloSi xorcieldeba im saproceso kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, romelic moqmedebs saqmis ganxilvis,
calkeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Tu gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebis dros. igive principi damkvidrebulia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis gardamavali debulebebis 435-e muxliT.
_ praqtikuli daskvna, romelic am principidan gamomdinareobs, mdgomareobs SemdegSi: Tu sarCelis aRZvra moxda da saqmis warmoeba gaixsna axali samoqalaqo saproceso kanonis amoqmedebamde, xolo Semdeg miRebul iqna axali kanoni (kodeqsi), sasamarTlom unda
gamoiyenos es axali kanoni (kodeqsi), damoukideblad imisa, saqmis warmoebis gaxsna da, SeiZleba, am saqmis ganxilvac daiwyo Tu ara Zveli saproceso kanonmdeblobis moqmedebis pirobebSi.
aseT SemTxvevaSi is saproceso moqmedeba, romelic
Sesrulda Zveli kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad,
CaiTvleba marTlzomierad (Sesrulebulad) da am moqmedebis ganmeorebiT Sesruleba axali kanoniT dadgenili wesiT _ dauSvebelia. xolo iseTi saproceso moqmedebebi, romlebic axali kanonmdeblobis amoqmedebis pirobebSi unda ganxorcieldes, Sesruldeba ara
2
deqsi ar iTvaliswinebda, magram aseTi ufleba gamomdinareobda am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesidan,
romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebi TviTonve iReben gadawyvetilebas sarCelis (gancxadebis) Setanis Sesaxeb da
maTve unda SeeZloT miiRon gadawyvetileba Setanili sarCelis ukan gamoTxovis Sesaxeb. saproceso
kodeqss daemata 831 muxli, romlis Tanaxmad sarCelis
gamoxmoba sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, dasaSvebia
mxolod mopasuxis TanxmobiT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda ganixilos sarCeli saerTo wesiT.
_ sarCelis gamoxmobis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba am sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebisa da misi
mosarCelisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb. sasamarTlo xarjebi, rac gaweuli iyo sarCelis gamoxmobamde, unda daekisros mosarCeles. cxadia, rom mosarCeles kvlav SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos igive sarCeliT 278-e muxlis
safuZvelze (ix. 831 da 278-e muxlebis komentari).
_ mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobac warmoadgens
dispoziciurobis principis konkretul gamovlinebas,
kerZod, mopasuxis mier Tavisi materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargvis aqts.
_ mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. Tu mopasuxem sarCeli cno saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, ris Sesaxebac werilobiT acnoba sasamarTlos (201-e da 205-e muxlebi), maSin sasamarTlo
niSnavs mosamzadebel sxdomas da gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb (208-e muxlis me-3 nawili). mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebas.
Tu mopasuxis mier sarCelis cnobas adgili hqonda
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, am SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba sarCelis
dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb.
_ sarCelis cnoba (aRiareba) unda ganvasxvavoT
faqtis aRiarebisagan, rac gaTvaliswinebulia 131-e
muxliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
6
gansazRvra da am saganSi Semavali faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi mTlianad ekisreba mxareebs. sasamarTlos
aqtivoba, misi iniciativiT mtkicebis procesSi Careva
dasaSvebia im zomiT da farglebSi, rac gaTvaliswinebulia am kodeqsiT. am meTodzea agebuli saqarTvelos
axali samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi.
1. SejibrebiToba niSnavs modave mxareTa Tanabar SesaZleblobas gankargon faqtiuri garemoebebis dadgenis saproceso saSualebebi, agreTve mxareTa uflebas,
miuTiTon faqtebze TavianTi moTxovnebis Tu Sesageblis dasasabuTeblad (`faqtebis miTiTebis tvirTi~) da
warmoadginon mtkicebulebebi am faqtebis dadastureba-damtkicebisaTvis (`faqtebis damtkicebis tvirTi~).
sasamarTlo SeboWilia aramarto mxareTa sasarCelo
moTxovnis Tu Sesageblis farglebiT (248-e muxli), aramed mxareTa miTiTebiT Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs, an romeli mtkicebulebebiT unda iqnes dadasturebuli es faqtebi.
2. me-4 muxlis me-2 nawilSi laparakia sasamarTlos
iniciativaze mtkicebis procesSi. magram sasamarTlos
SeuZlia gamoiCinos iniciativa im farglebSi, ra farglebSic amas samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs. magaliTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia SesTavazos
mxareebs warmoadginon damatebiTi mtkicebulebebi,
gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT
(103-e da 203-e muxli); sasamarTlos mixedulebazea damokidebuli romeli mtkicebuleba miiRos da romeli
ar miiRos (104-e muxli); sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT SeuZlia daadginos agreTve nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebis adgilze daTvaliereba (120-e muxli), daniSnos eqspertiza (162-e muxli) da a. S.
kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebis
garda (magaliTad, 350-e muxlis me-3 nawili) mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba mxareTa Suamdgomlobis gareSe SeiZleba gaxdes mosamarTlis (sasamarTlos) acilebis safuZveli (31-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `d~ qvepunqti).
muxli 5. marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcieleba mxolod
sasamarTlos mier moqalaqeTa
Tanasworobis sawyisebze
marTlmsajulebas samoqalaqo saqmeebze
axorcielebs mxolod sasamarTlo kanonisa
da sasamarTlos winaSe yvela piris Tanasworobis sawyisebze.
me-5 muxliT ganmtkicebulia sami erTmaneTisagan
damoukidebeli principi: a) marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba mxolod sasamarTlos mier; b) kanonis winaSe yvela piris Tanasworoba; g) sasamarTlos winaSe
yvela piris Tanasworoba.
_ saqarTvelos konstituciis 82-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
sasamarTlo xelisufleba xorcieldeba sakonstitucio kontrolis, marTlmsajulebis da kanoniT dadgenili sxva formebis meSveobiT. amave konstituciis 83e muxlis Tanaxmad, marTlmsajulebas axorcieleben
saerTo sasamarTloebi.
amrigad, marTlmsajuleba ganekuTvneba gansakuTrebul saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobaTa kategorias, romelic SeiZleba ganaxorcielos mxolod saerTo sasamarTloebma. Tavis mxriv, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba samoqalaqo saqmeebze niSnavs imas, rom sasamarTlom ganuxrelad unda ixelmZRvanelos saqmeTa ganxilvis im wesebiT, romlebic dadgenilia samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdeblobiT. samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilva am wesebis ugulebelyofiT an am wesebidan arsebiTi gadaxveviT aRar iqneba marTlmsajuleba.
_ me-5 muxliT damkvidrebulia meore mniSvnelovani principi _ kanonis winaSe yvela piris Tanasworoba.
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad yvela adamiani kanonis winaSe Tanasworia ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da
9
muxli 6. mosamarTleTa
damoukidebloba da maTi kanonisadmi
damorCileba
1. mosamarTle Tavis saqmianobaSi damoukidebelia da emorCileba mxolod saqarTvelos konstituciasa da kanons. raime zemoqmedeba mosamarTleze an Careva mis saqmianobaSi gadawyvetilebis miRebaze zegavlenis
mizniT akrZalulia da isjeba kanoniT.
2. Tu saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos
azriT, kanoni, romelic am saqmisaTvis unda iqnes gamoyenebuli, ar Seesabameba an
10
11
uri wardginebiT, mis mier gamosayenebeli kanonis konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad.
saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi SeCerdeba sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis miRebamde. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg saqmis warmoeba ganaxldeba (283-e muxli).
3. me-6 muxlis me-3 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs iseTi
kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romlis konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba ar Sedis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos kompetenciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi TviTon saerTo sasamarTlo gadawyvets am sakiTxs da Tu
CaTvlis, rom normatiuli aqti ar Seesabameba kanons,
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas kanonis (da ara mis Seusabamo normatiuli aqtis) safuZvelze.
magaliTad, saqarTvelos prezidentis, saqarTvelos samTavrobo dawesebulebis, umaRlesi saxelmwifo organos xelmZRvanelis da a. S. administraciulsamarTlebrivi aqtebis kanonierebis Semowmeba ar Sedis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gamgeblobaSi (saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis me-6
muxli). amitom, Tu aseTi aqti ar Seesabameba kanons,
sasamarTlo samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilva-gadawyvetis
dros ixelmZRvanelebs kanoniT. sakonstitucio sasamarTlosaTvis mimarTva aseT SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia.
warmoebis dros warmoSobil urTierTobas, sasamarTlo iyenebs saproceso samarTlis im normas, romelic awesrigebs msgavs
urTierTobas (kanonis analogia), xolo Tu
aseTi normac ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo emyareba samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis
zogad principebs (samarTlis analogia).
1. es muxli ori nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirveli nawili
gansazRvravs materialuri samarTlis analogiis
gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobas.
mxedvelobaSia
materialuri samarTlis nebismieri dargi, romlis
gamoyenebis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas
sasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis dros.
SeiZleba mxolod sadavo iyos sakiTxi Tu ramdenad
dasaSvebia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis mier
materialuri
samarTlisa
da
materialur
samarTlebrivi normis (kanonis) analogiiT gamoyenebis
gansazRvra, maSin rodesac saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
kodeqsis me-5 muxli iTvaliswinebs samarTlisa da
kanonis analogias. mxedvelobaSia agreTve misaRebi is
garemoeba, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-5 muxlis me-3
nawili krZalavs specialuri urTierTobis
momwesrigebeli normebis (sagamonakliso normebis)
analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.2
2. me-7 muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdeblobisa da samoqalaqo saproceso
samarTlis analogiis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.
samoqalaqo saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi
xorcieldeba samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT
dadgenili wesiT. magram ise rogorc sxva kanonebi,
romlebic adamianTa urTierTobis sxvadasxva
sferoebs aregulireben, samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsic SeiZleba Seicavdes xarvezs. dauSvebelia
2
14
15
aseTi ganCinebis gamotanas da, bunebrivia, arc mis gasaCivrebas samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs. Tu miuxedavad amisa, aseTi ganCineba iqneba gamotanili, arc aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
3. saqarTvelos konstituciis 85-e muxlisa da `saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos organuli kanonis me-12-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba cxaddeba saqveynod.
am muxlebis azri ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise, TiTqos
sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, miRebuli saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sedegad, yovelTvis unda gamocxaddes saqveynod. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
daxurul sxdomaze unda gamocxaddes, Tu misi sajarod gamocxadebiT saqveynod gaxdeba cnobili yovelive, ris gamoc saqmis ganxilva daixura, agreTve, roca amas kanoni iTvaliswinebs (351-e muxlis pirveli nawili ).
4. me-9 muxlis me-4 nawili, saqarTvelos konstituciis me-8 muxlis Sesabamisad, amkvidrebs princips,
romlis Tanaxmad, samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo enaze. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena aris qarTuli, xolo afxazeTSi agreTve afxazuri.
es imas niSnavs, rom afxazeTSi samarTalwarmoeba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc qarTul, ise afxazur
enaze.
samarTalwarmoebis enis armcodne pirs mieCineba
Tarjimani, romlis meSveobiT mas SeuZlia srulad ganaxorcielos yvela is ufleba, rac mas aqvs miniWebuli samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT.
Tarjimnis funqcia ar SeiZleba SeiTavsos mosamarTlem, sxdomis mdivanma an saqmeSi monawile romelime
sxva pirma.
19
xeli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa aRsrulebas, sasamarTlo aRmasruleblis moTxovnebi, mimarTuli kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebisaken, savaldebuloa yvelasaTvis;
g) saxelmwifo Tu sxva organoebi da Tanamdebobis
pirebi valdebuli arian Seasrulon Sesabamisi moqmedebani im uflebaTa gaformebis Tu registraciis mizniT, romlebic dadgenilia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT;
d) sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa kanonieri Zala da
maTi savaldebulooba SeiZleba gavrceldes mxolod
im pirebze, romlebic monawileobdnen ganxilvaSi,
an ufro zustad, romlebic mowveuli iyvnen am saqmis
ganxilvaSi. amitom, gadawyvetilebis gamotana im mxaris mimarT, romelsac ar miuRia Setyobineba saqmis
ganxilvis Sesaxeb, an romelic saerTod ar iyo CarTuli am saqmeSi, aris gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZveli (394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti ).
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom aseT pirebs SeuZliaT gaasaCivron sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba zemdgom sasamarTlo instanciebSi, miuxedavad
imisa, rom isini saerTod ar iyvnen Cabmuli procesSi
mxareebad an Tumca iyvnen Cabmuli, magram ar iyvnen
mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaSi. Tu aseTi gadawyvetileba
Sevida kanonier ZalaSi, maSin maT SeuZliaT mimarTon
sasamarTlos gancxadebiT saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
(422-e muxlis `b~ da g qvepunqtebi).
21
T a v i
II
uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba
muxli 11. samoqalaqo saqmeebis
uwyebrivi daqvemdebareba
sasamarTloebisadmi
1. samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobiT
dadgenili wesiT sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs darRveuli Tu sadavod qceuli uflebis, agreTve kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
interesebis dacvis Sesaxeb, kerZod:
a) samoqalaqo, saojaxo, Sromis, saadgilmamulo, bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebisa da garemos dacvis urTierTobebidan
warmoSobil davebs moqalaqeebs, moqalaqeebsa da iuridiul pirebs, agreTve iuridiul pirebs Soris;
b) (amoRebulia)
g) (amoRebulia)
d) (amoRebulia)
e) saqmeebs sazogadoebriv da religiur
organizaciebs Soris davis Sesaxeb;
v) udavo warmoebis saqmeebs.
z) saqmeebs reketuli qonebis CamorTmevisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan
dakavSirebiT.
2. kanoniT, sasamarTloebs SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros sxva kategoriis saqmeTa ganxilvac.
3. zemoT CamoTvlil saqmeebs sasamarTloebi ganixilaven, Tu maTi ganxilva, kanonis Tanaxmad, sxva organos kompetenciaSi ar Sedis.
4. sasamarTloebi ganixilaven saqmeebs,
romlebic saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebidan
22
gamomdinareobs, agreTve im saqmeebs, romlebSic monawileoben ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebi, moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi, sawarmoebi da organizaciebi.
nebismieri organo, romelic Seiqmna da arsebobs ama
Tu im saxelmwifoSi, valdebulia imoqmedos Tavisi uflebamosilebis farglebSi da ar gascdes am farglebs.
rogorc ki romelime organo gascdeba Tavisi uflebamosilebis farglebs, igi iWreba sxva organos kompetenciaSi, e. i. iRebs Tavis Tavze iseTi sakiTxis gadaWris uflebamosilebas, romelic mas ki ara, sxva organos aqvs mikuTvnebuli. aqedan gamomdinare, uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba _ esaa im uflebamosilebaTa erToblioba da farglebi, romelic ama Tu im organos
aqvs gansazRvruli.
1. sasamarTlos, iseve rogorc nebismier sxva organos, zustad aqvs gansazRvruli uflebamosilebaTa
sfero da farglebi da igi bunebrivia ar SeiZleba gascdes am sferosa da farglebs. am mosazrebiTaa ganpirobebuli 272-e muxlis moTxovna, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, Tu saqme
ar unda iqnes ganxiluli sasamarTloSi imis gamo, rom
kanonis Tanaxmad misi ganxilva sxva uwyebis kompetenciaSi Sedis.
2. amrigad, sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba (kompetencia, iurisdiqcia) kanoniT gansazRvrul im uflebamosilebaTa erTobliobaa, romelTa farglebSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos da ganixilos saqmeebi;
_ sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis Semowmeba SeuZliaT saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebs Tavisi iniciativiT (377-e muxlis me-4 nawili da
404-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi isic, rom gadawyvetilebis
gamotana saqmeze, romelic sasamarTlos uwyebrivad
ar eqvemdebareba, aris am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
23
24
1997 wlis 17 aprils miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni `kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~. am kanonis pirveli
muxlis Tanaxmad, pirebs Soris wamoWrili samoqalaqo dava maTive SeTanxmebiT SeiZleba gansaxilvelad
gadaeces mudmivmoqmed an am davisaTvis sagangebod
Seqmnil droebiT kerZo arbitraJs. aseTi SeTanaxmeba
ideba werilobiTi formiT.
`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis
pirveli muxli ar Seesabameba samoqalaqo saproceso
kodeqsis me-12 muxls, romlis Tanaxmad kerZo arbitraJs SeiZleba gansaxilvelad gadaeces mxolod `qonebrivi dava~. samoqalaqo dava ufro farToa, vidre
qonebrivi dava. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis
pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, `es kodeqsi awesrigebs pirTa Tanasworobaze damyarebul kerZo xasiaTis qonebriv, saojaxo da pirad urTierTobebs~.
amrigad, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 muxlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT SeTanxmdnen mxolod
qonebrivi xasiaTis davebisa da ara mTlianad yovelgvari samoqalaqo davis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb.
_ kolizia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqssa da `kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanons Soris unda
gadawydes samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis sasargeblod, vinaidan igi aris specialuri kanoni, romelic
gansazRvravs samoqalaqo davebis gansjadobasa da ganxilvis wesebs. aqedan gamomdinare, mxareTa SeTanxmebas araqonebrivi xasiaTis davebis arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb, ar aqvs sasamarTlosaTvis savaldebulo
Zala da aseTi dava SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom,
miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara mxareTa saarbitraJo SeTanxmeba.
sxva mxriv, mxareTa saarbitraJo SeTanxmeba qonebrivi davebis arbitraJis mier ganxilvis Sesaxeb, savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis da man ar unda miiRos sarCeli gansaxilvelad Tu aseTi SeTanxmeba arsebobs (186-
25
e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu igi SecdomiTaa miRebuli _ Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba (272 -e muxlis `v~
qvepunqti).
_ Tu mxareTa werilobiTi SeTanxmeba qonebrivi davis kerZo arbitraJSi ganxilvis Sesaxeb dadebulia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-12 muxlis farglebSi, am SeTanxmebis calmxrivad moSla dauSvebelia. mxareebs SeuZliaT mxolod aseve urTierTSeTanxmebiT
Secvalon TavianTi pirvandeli SeTanxmeba da davis
gansaxilvelad mimarTon sasamarTlos, rac agreTve werilobiT unda gaformdes;
aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda miiRos sarCeli gansaxilvelad (`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanonis 30-e muxli).
_ saarbitraJo sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba savaldebuloa mxareebisaTvis da igi SeiZleba aRsruldes
iZulebiTi wesiT (`saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxlis pirveli punqtis `z~
qvepunqti).
_ saarbitraJo gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCivron
sasamarTloSi mxareebma (`kerZo arbitraJis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanonis 43-e da 44-e muxlebi).
26
T a v i
III
gansjadoba
muxli 13. raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTlos gansjadi samoqalaqo
saqmeebi
1. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlo pirveli
instanciiT ganixilavs sasamarTlosadmi
uwyebrivad daqvemdebarebul samoqalaqo
saqmeebs.
2. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi SeiZleba Sediodes magistrati mosamarTle, romelic ganixilavs am
kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebul
saqmeebs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
samoqmedo teritoriaze arsebul administraciul-teritoriul erTeulebSi.
3. im administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi, sadac ar moqmedebs magistrati
mosamarTle, agreTve misi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi, am kodeqsis me-14 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli saqmeebi SeiZleba ganixilos
raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlem.
4. Tu arsebobs erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovna,
romelTagan erT-erTi ar ganekuTvneba magistrati mosamarTlis gansjad saqmes, saqmes
ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTle.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs sasamarTlos uwyebriv qvemdebareobas (saqveuwyebobas) da gansjadobas.
sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba pasuxobs kiTx27
vaze: ganekuTvneba Tu ara saqme saerTo sasamarTloebs, Sedis Tu ara am saqmis ganxilva saerTo sasamarTloebis kompetenciaSi (iurisdiqciaSi). mas Semdeg,
rac es sakiTxi dadebiTad gadawydeba, wamoiWreba meore sakiTxi: romelma sasamarTlom unda ganixilos
uwyebrivad saerTo sasamarTloebisadmi daqvemdebarebuli konkretuli samoqalaqo saqme. am kiTxvaze
pasuxis gasacemad arsebobs samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis meore instituti, romelsac gansjadoba
ewodeba.
1. me-13 muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad
sasamarTloebisadmi uwyebrivad qvemdebare saqmeebs
pirveli instanciiT ganixilaven raionuli (saqalaqo)
sasamarTloebi. Sesabamisad gansjadoba awesrigebs
saqmeebis ganawilebis sakiTxs calkeuli raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis mixedviT (me-15-24-e
muxlebi).
Tu sasamarTlom ganixila aragansjadi saqme, am
saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba
yovelTvis araa dasaSvebi. magaliTad, Tu ar aris
kanoniT dadgenili erTmniSvnelovnad gansjadi
sasamarTlo, maSin mxareebs SeuZliaT daadginon
urTierTSeTanxmebiT sasamarTlos gansjadoba (21-e
muxli). aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi
gaxdes im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac mopasuxe amis
winaaRmdegi ar aris da Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos
aragansjadi sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvaSi (21-e
muxli).
2. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi
SeiZleba Sediodes magistrati mosamarTle, romelic
moqmedebs am raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
teritoriaze misTvis gankuTvnil administraciulteritoriul erTeulSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi magistrati
mosamarTle
ganixilavs
me-14
muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli kategoriis saqmeebs.
3. magistrati mosamarTlis gansjadi saqme (me-14
muxli) SeiZleba ganixilos raionuli (saqalaqo)
28
30
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4
31
32
33
34
saxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo gancxadeba moqalaqis
SezRudulqmedunarianad an qmeduunarod aRiarebis
Sesaxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi am moqalaqis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT (322-e muxli).
2. me-15 muxlis 11 nawili gansazRvravs magistrat
mosamarTleTa teritoriuli gansjadobis sakiTxs:
magistrat mosamarTleTa gansjad saqmeebze sarCelebi
da gancxadebebi Seitaneba magistrat mosamarTlis
samoqmedo teritoriis mixedviT.
magaliTad, magistrat mosamarTlis samoqmedo
teritoriaa vanis raioni, xolo mosarCele
(ganmcxadebeli) cxovrobs am raionis teritoriaze. man
sarCeli unda Seitanos magistrat mosamarTlis
saxelze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu vanis administraciul
teritoriul erTeulSi ar moqmedebs magistrati
mosamarTle - sarCeli (gancxadeba) Setanili unda iqnes
samtrediis raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi,
romelsac ganixilavs am sasamarTlos mosamarTle.
saqmis gadacema gansaxilvelad im administraciul
teritoriuli erTeulidan, sadac ar moqmedebs
magistrati mosamarTle am raionis (qalaqis) sxva
administraciul teritoriul erTeulSi moqmedi
magistrati
mosamarTlisaTvis
kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli araa. aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmeebs
ganixilavs raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos
mosamarTle.
3. me-15 muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mopasuxes ara aqvs sacxovrebeli adgili. amasTan, erTmaneTisagan ansxvavebs
mopasuxis `sacxovrebel adgils~ da mis `adgilsamyofels~. sacxovrebel adgilad miCneul unda iqnes mopasuxis registraciis adgili, magram Tu aseTi adgili
cnobili araa, maSin sarCeli SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi mopasuxis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT. cxadia, mxedvelobaSia ara misi moklevadiani yofna ama Tu
im adgilas, aramed sakmaod xangrZlivi droiT misi yofna am adgilas, rac SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos ama Tu
im samuSaos SesrulebiT, xangrZlivi mivlinebiT, mkur35
nalobiT da a. S. sakiTxi, Tu drois ra monakveTia sakmarisi, rom sasamarTlom miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli _
damokidebulia TviTon sasamarTlos mixedulebaze.
yvela SemTxvevaSi, es vada ar unda iyos samoqalaqo
saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis orTvian vadaze meti.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sasamarTloSi gansjadobis wesebis dacviT saqmis warmoebis gaxsnis Semdeg
mopasuxem Seicvalos sacxovrebeli adgili, magram es
ver gaxdeba gansjadobis Secvlisa da sxva sasamarTlosaTvis am saqmis gadacemis safuZveli ( 22-e muxli).
36
lebis dadebis momentisaTvis, gvareobiT gansazRvruli sagnis SemTxvevaSi _ adgili, sadac imyofeba movalis sawarmo, xolo Tu aseTi ar aris, maSin misi sacxovrebeli adgili (iuridiuli misamarTi).7 magaliTad, agaris Saqris sawarmos warmomadgenlobam dado xelSekruleba q. foTSi Saqris garkveuli raodenobis miwodebis Sesaxeb. xelSekrulebiTi valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad, Tu es ar aris gansazRvruli TviTon
xelSekrulebaSi, unda CaiTvalos adgili, sadac mdebareobs agaris Saqris sawarmo. es imas niSnavs, rom sarCeli unda aRiZras im sasamarTloSi, romlis teritoriaze mdebareobs movale sawarmo, anu agaris Saqris
sawarmo.
3. me-16 muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas iuridiuli piris filialis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. iuridiuli piris filiali gancalkevebuli
qvedanayofia, romelic mdebareobs iuridiuli piris
adgilsamyoflis gareT da axorcielebs im iuridiuli
piris funqciebs, romlis qvedanayofic is aris (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 28-e muxli).
_ imisaTvis, rom sarCeli aRiZras iuridiuli piris
filialis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT, savaldebuloa
erTi piroba: sarCeli unda gamomdinareobdes iuridiuli piris filialis (da ara TviTon iuridiuli
piris) saqmianobidan.
4. nebismieri sarCeli, romelic gamomdinareobs kanonismieri an anderZismieri memkvidreobidan, waredgineba sasamarTlos im sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, sadac cxovrobda mamkvidrebeli gardacvalebamde. me-16 muxlis me-4 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas im SemTxvevaSic, roca mamkvidrebeli saqarTvelos
moqalaqe iyo da gardacvalebis momentisaTvis igi sazRvargareT cxovrobda. aseT SemTxvevaSi kanoni uSvebs
7.
38
8.
39
sarCelis uzrunvelyofa da Sesabamisad sarCelis aRvZra aseTi mopasuxis yadaRadadebuli qonebis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT (192-e muxli).
lebis borotad gamoyenebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb, sarCeli uZravi nivTis dazianebis an zaralis anazRaurebis
Sesaxeb.
wess, romlis Tanaxmad sarCeli sasamarTlos waredgineba mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. saerTo gansjadobis wesidan aseTi gadaxvevis SesaZlebloba zogjer gamowveulia mosarCelisaTvis SeRavaTiani
pirobebis SeqmniT, bavSvis interesebiT, sxva raionSi
an qalaqSi gamgzavrebis siZneleebiT da a. S.
2. swored am mosazrebebiTaa nakarnaxevi me-19 muxlis meore nawilSi Camoyalibebuli wesi, romlis Tanaxmad sarCeli qorwinebis Sewyvetis, baTilad cnobis,
agreTve qorwinebis arsebobisa Tu ararsebobis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Setanil unda iqnes sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, magram Tu mosarCelesTan cxovroben arasrulwlovani Svilebi, saqme SeiZleba mosarCelis TxovniT gairCes sasamarTloSi misi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
amrigad, imisaTvis, rom aseTi saqme gairCes sasamarTloSi mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT,
unda arsebobdes mosarCelis werilobiTi Txovna sasamarTlosadmi imis Sesaxeb, rom masTan cxovroben
arasrulwlovani Svilebi, rac aZnelebs mis gamocxadebas sasamarTloSi mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis
mixedviT, ris gamoc iTxovs saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTloSi Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
3. aseTive mosazrebebiTaa ganpirobebuli me-19 muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli mamobis
dadgenisa da alimentis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb sarCelebis aRZvris SesaZlebloba, Sesabamisad bavSvisa da
mosarCelis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, rac ar
arTmevs uflebas mosarCeles aRZras sarCeli saerTo
gansjadobis mixedviT, e. i. mopasuxis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
42
_ amrigad, imisaTvis, rom aragansjadma sasamarTlom ganixilos saqme, aucilebelia mxareTa winaswari
werilobiTi SeTanxmeba, rac sarCelis aRZvras unda uswrebdes win da aseTi SeTanxmeba unda daerTos sarCels. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ar miiRebs
mis aragansjad sarCels (186-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqti).
magram Tu aragansjadobis sakiTxi gairkveva mogvianebiT, e. i. saqmis momzadebis Tu misi arsebiTad ganxilvis etapze, maSin sasamarTlom unda imsjelos 21-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT
saqmis ganxilvis SesaZleblobaze. Tu aseTi pirobebi
ar arsebobs da amitom saqmis ganxilva dauSvebelia,
sasamarTlom saqme gansjad sasamarTlos unda gadasces (23-e muxli).
45
dawyvetileba, rac ver gaxdeba am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli. 23-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~
qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom saqme gadasces sxva sasamarTlos mopasuxis amJamindeli
sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, saWiroa TviT am mopasuxis Txovna amis Sesaxeb.
_ 23-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqti iTvaliswinebs saqmis sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemis iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac
saqme gansjadobis wesebis sruli dacviTaa miRebuli,
magram mosamarTlis (mosamarTleebis) acilebis gamo,
SeuZlebelia maTi Secvla amave sasamarTloSi. saqmis
ganxilva acilebuli mosamarTlis monawileobiT unda
Sefasdes rogorc saqmis ganxilva sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenlobis mier (394-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti), rac am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis absoluturi
(udavo) safuZvelia, amitom, saqme unda gadaeces sxva
sasamarTlos im wesebis dacviT, romlebic gansazRvrulia 34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
2. 23-e muxlis me-2 nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs alternatiuli gansjadobis SemTxvevebi, e. i. SemTxvevebi,
rodesac saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia. me20 muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu saqme ramdenime sasamarTlos
gansjadia, sasamarTlos arCevis ufleba aqvs mosarCeles. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu saqme, romelic 23-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT sxva sasamarTlos
unda gadaeces, ramdenime sasamarTlos gansjadia, maSin gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes mosarCelis survili.
nebismier sxva SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxs Tu romel sasamarTlos gadaeces saqme _ wyvets sasamrTlos Tavmjdomare (34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebi).
3. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis sxva sasamarTloze gansaxilvelad gadacema xdeba 23-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvliT, maSin TviTon
am sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba amis Sesaxeb.
magram, Tu saqmis sxva sasamarTloze gadacema xdeba am muxlis `b~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZ47
vliT, maSin ganCineba aseTi gadacemis Sesaxeb, 34-e muxlis me-3 da me-5 nawilebis Tanaxmad, gamoaqvs Sesabamisi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares (ix. am muxlis komentari).
aq miTiTebul ganCinebebze kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
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T a v i
IV
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52
libebisa. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ver Sesruldeba 27e muxlis me-2 nawilis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom gansxvavebuli azris Sesaxeb unda ecnobos mxareebs `gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis dros~. mxedvelobaSia motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamocxadeba, magram araa
gamoricxuli gansxvavebuli azri gaformdes werilobiT da ecnobos amis Sesaxeb mxareebs gadawyvetilebis
sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis drosac. sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is, rom gansxvavebuli azri arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac igi werilobiTaa Camoyalibebuli.
3. mxareebs ecnobebaT mxolod imis Sesaxeb, rom arsebobs gansxvavebuli azri. misi Sinaarsi ar SeiZleba
gamocxaddes (wakiTxul iqnes) sasamarTlo sxdomis
darbazSi. igi unda Caidos konvertSi da daerTos saqmes. cxadia, rom mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT gaecnon gansxvavebul azrs. es ufleba pirdapir gamomdinareobs 83-e da 98-e muxlebis analizidan, romelTa Tanaxmad mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ufleba aqvT gaecnon saqmis masalebs, e.i. masalebs, romlebic saqmeSia (ix. am muxlebis komentari),
maT Soris gansxvavebul azrs.
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mocilebuli unda iqnen saqmis ganxilvidan. es SeiZleba moxdes TviTacilebiT an mxaris gancxadebiT acilebis Sesaxeb.
_ 30-e muxli ar Seicavs miTiTebas imaze, Tu rogori
naTesaoba SeiZleba CaiTvalos axlo naTesaur urTierTobad. amitom, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 31-e muxlis me-2
nawilSi miTiTebuli naTesavebis CamonaTvali (ix. am
muxlis komentari).
_ Tu miuxedavad kanonismieri akrZalvisa, sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi, romelmac ganixila da gadawyvita saqme, aRmoCndnen axlo naTesavebi, es SeiZleba
gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli 394-e
muxlis `a~ qvepunqtis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis komentari), radgan saqme ganixila sasamarTlos arakanonierma Semadgenlobam.
a) meuRle;
b) daniSnuli;
g) pirdapiri xazis naTesavebi;
d) da-Zma;
e) disSvilebi da ZmisSvilebi;
v) mSoblebis da-Zmebi;
z) danaTesavebulebi (moyvrebi);
T) pirebi, romlebic xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi ojaxuri urTierTobiT arian dakavSirebulni.
1. 31-e muxlSi CamoTvlili acilebis safuZvlebi saqmis miukerZoeblad ganxilvis interesebiTaa nakarnaxevi. amitom, Tu arsebobs mosamarTlis acilebis erTerTi safuZveli, romelic am muxlSia miTiTebuli, mosamarTles ekrZaleba ganixilos saqme an monawileoba
miiRos mis ganxilvaSi da acilebul unda iqnes. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis
(ganCinebis) gauqmebis safuZveli.
a) mosamarTles ekrZaleba SeiTavsos mxarisa da mosamarTlis funqcia, e. i. mas ar SeuZlia iyos mosamarTle sakuTar saqmeze, romlis erT-erT mxaresTan mas
akavSirebs saerTo uflebebi an valdebulebebi. magaliTad, sadavo qoneba (davis sagani) aris saerTo (Tanaziari an wiladi) sakuTrebis obieqti, xolo mosamarTle misi erT-erTi TanamesakuTrea, an kidev igi solidaruli valdebulebis erT-erTi subieqtia da a. S.
b) mosamarTlem ar SeiZleba SeiTavsos mowmis, eqspertis, specialistis, Tarjimnis, warmomadgenlis an
sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivnis funqcia. amitom, mosamarTle acilebul unda iqnes, Tu igi adre am saqmeSi monawileobda am saxiT, an saqmis ganxilvis procesSi unda
miiRos monawileoba aq CamoTvlili romelime subieqtis saxiT. ufro metic, mosamarTle acilebul unda
iqnes im SemTxvevaSic, roca ar aris ganzraxuli, rom
igi mowmed daikiTxos, magram man uSualod dainaxa mopasuxis mier mosarCelis qonebisaTvis zianis miyene59
60
Tu acilebis safuZveli cnobili gaxda ganmcxadeblisaTvis mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. am pirobas
sasamarTloebma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcion da ganuxrelad gaataron cxovrebaSi kanonis es
moTxovna, radgan igi jer-erTi, emsaxureba moqalaqeTa aRzrdas kanonisadmi da sasamarTlosadmi pativiscemis suliskveTebiT da meore, Tavidan icilebs saqmis ganxilvis usafuZvlod gaWianurebas.
amitom, acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Semomtanma
pirma unda warudginos sasamarTlos damajerebeli
mtkicebuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom acilebis safuZveli
misTvis cnobili gaxda an warmoiSva saqmis zepir ganxilvaze mTavari sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg. mxolod am
faqtis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia sasamarTlos `dauSvas gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb~ da ganixilos igi. cxadia, rom acilebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis daSveba jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom gancxadebuli acileba dakmayofildeba. Tu gansaxilvelad daSvebuli
gancxadebis ganxilvis dros aRmoCndeba, rom ar arsebobs acilebis safuZveli _ sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas acilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
Si SeuZlebelia mosamarTleTa axali Semadgenlobis Seqmna, saqme egzavneba saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares
sxva saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis gadasacemad.
1. gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes
sasamarTloSi saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, xolo kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobis arsebobisas _ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomazec (ix. 33-e muxlis komentari). Tu aseTi piroba ar arsebobs, sasamarTlo saerTod ar ganixilavs saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis
Semdgom gancxadebul acilebas. rodesac gancxadeba acilebis Sesaxeb Setanilia saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos mousminos Tu
ara mxareebs, anu TviTon ganmcxadebels da mowinaaRmdege mxares. Tu sasamarTlo an saqmis erTpirovnulad ganmxilveli mosamarTle Tvlis, rom mxareTa mosmena saWiroa, is niSnavs mosamzadebel sxdomas da moismens mxareTa mosazrebebs. mxareTa gamoucxdebloba mosamzadebel sxdomaze ver daabrkolebs sakiTxis
gadawyvetas. nebismier SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba acilebis Sesaxeb an acilebaze uaris
Tqmis Sesaxeb.
Tu acileba gancxadebulia mTavar sxdomaze da igi
dasaSvebia 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, maSin sasamarTlom unda mousminos mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs, romlebic eswrebian am sxdomas.
piri, romelsac ganucxades acileba, ar aris valdebuli misces raime ganmarteba mis mimarT gancxadebuli acilebis Taobaze, magram Tu aseTi survili aqvs,
sasamarTlom unda mousminos mas. mxedvelobaSia iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac acileba ganucxades kolegiuri sasamarTlos mosamarTles an sxva pirs (eqsperts,
Tarjimans, sxdomis mdivans, specialists). Tu acileba ganucxades erTpirovnulad saqmis gamrCev mosamarTles, maSin is araviTar ganmartebas acilebis Sesaxeb
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dan amave sasamarTlos sxva SemadgenlobisaTvis, an erTi sasamarTlodan meore sasamarTloSi, warmoebs ganCinebis safuZvelze, romelsac iRebs erTpirovnulad
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare.
7. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi iyo SemTxveva, roca acileba ganucxades mTlianad sasamarTlos (magaliTad,
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos, quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlos).
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs mosamarTleTa acilebas da ara ama Tu
im raionuli (saqalaqo), saapelacio Tu saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos acilebas. amitom, saqarTvelos
sasamarTlo sistemis romelime rgolis mimarT gancxadebuli acileba dauSvebelia da ar unda iqnes ganxiluli.
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T a v i
procesis xarjebi
muxli 37. cnebaTa gansazRvra
1. procesis xarjebs Seadgens sasamarTlo
xarjebi da sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebi.
2. sasamarTlo xarjebs Seadgens saxelmwifo baJi da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis gaangariSebis wesi da
maTi odenoba ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos
prezidentis brZanebulebiT.
3. sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebs warmoadgens advokatisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi, dakarguli xelfasi (ganacduri), mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad gaweuli xarjebi,
agreTve mxareTa sxva aucilebeli xarjebi.
1. procesis xarjebis cnebis Sinaarsi moicavs sasamarTlo xarjebs da sasamarTlos gareSe xarjebs.
2. sasamarTlo xarjebi, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba saxelmwifo baJisagan da saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebisagan.
_ saxelmwifo baJi _ esaa saqarTvelos biujetSi
savaldebulo Senatani, romelsac ixdian fizikuri da
iuridiuli pirebi saxelmwifos mier maTi interesebis
Sesabamisi iuridiuli moqmedebebis SesrulebisaTvis
da saTanado sabuTebis gacemisaTvis (`saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb~ kanonis pirveli muxli). am ganmartebis Sesabamisad saxelmwifo baJi sasamarTloSi _ esaa mxareebis, mesame pirebis damoukidebeli moTxovniT, ganmcxadeblebis Senatanebi, rasac isini ixdian sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisaTvis, kanoniT gansazRvruli
odenobiTa da wesiT (39-e muxli).
_ saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi _
es aris xarjebi, romlebic gadaxdil unda iqnes calke70
Si miiReba im dros arsebuli fasebi, rodesac Setanil iqna sarCeli, xolo gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebisas - _ saCivris Setanis droisaTvis arsebuli fasebi.
1. davis sagnis (sarCelis sagnis) Rirebulebis gansazRvris movaleoba ekisreba mosarCeles. es imas niSnavs, rom mosarCelem Tavis sarCelSi unda miuTiTos
davis sagnis fasze. es pirdapiraa gaTvaliswinebuli
agreTve 178-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `T~ qvepunqtiT
(ix. am muxlis komentari). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mosarCele ar Seasrulebs am movaleobas, e. i. ar miuTiTebs davis sagnis fasze, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia datovos
sarCeli umoZraod (185-e muxli).
_ mosamarTles, romelmac unda gadawyvitos sakiTxi sarCelis miRebis Sesaxeb, ufleba aqvs Seamowmos,
Seesabameba Tu ara mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli sarCelis fasi mis namdvil Rirebulebas. Tu mosamarTle
miva im daskvnamde, rom mosarCelis mier miTiTebuli
fasi ar Seesabameba sadavo qonebis namdvil sabazro
Rirebulebas, maSin es fasi TviTon mosamarTlem unda
gansazRvros. Tu davis sagnis (sadavo qonebis) namdvili
Rirebulebis gansazRvra mosamarTlisTvisac Znelia, mas
SeuZlia moiwvios specialisti (204-e muxli).
2. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi uSvebs erT sarCelSi ramdenime sxvadasxva moTxovnis gaerTianebas
(182-e muxli). es sxvadasxva moTxovnebi cal-calke ki
ar unda Sefasdes, aramed unda ganisazRvros gaerTianebuli moTxovnebis fasi, e. i. unda Sejamdes ara calcalke Sefasebuli moTxovnebis fasi, aramed Sejamebuli moTxovnebis fasi, ris Sedegad miviRebT am moTxovnebis saerTo fass.
es wesi ar gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTloSi Semosulia ramdenime erTgvarovani saqme da
sasamarTlom mizanSewonilad cno maTi gaerTianeba
erT warmoebad (182-e muxlis me-4 nawili). aseT SemTx-
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dabarebulni sasamarTloSi, samuSao adgilze unarCundebaT saSualo xelfasi. mowmeebs, romlebic ar arian SromiT urTierTobaSi, samuSaodan an Cveulebrivi saqmianobidan mocdenisaTvis eZlevaT gasamrjelo faqtobrivad daxarjuli droisa da
Sromis anazRaurebis minimaluri odenobis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
1. am muxlSi CamoTvlil yvela pirs, mowmeebs,
eqspertebs, specialistebs da Tarjimnebs, romlebic
mowodebuli arian daexmaron sasamarTlos
marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaSi, ekuTvniT
anazRaureba mgzavrobisaTvis, sacxovrebeli sadgomis
daqiravebisaTvis da kvebisaTvis im odenobiT, rac
gansazRvrulia TiToeuli am miznisaTvis Sesabamisi
tarifebiT qveynis SigniT mivlinebisaTvis, xolo Tu
aseTi tarifebi ar arsebobs maSin faqtiurad gaweuli
xarjebisaTvis, rac unda dadasturdes Sesabamisi
dokumentebiT sasamarTlosaTvis wardgeniT.
2. garda am xarjebisa eqspertebi, Tarjimnebi da
specialistebi damatebiT iReben gasamrjelos
sasamarTlos davalebiT Sesrulebuli samuSaosaTvis.
am gasamrjelos miRebis odenoba, safuZveli da wesi
gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, Tu romeli saeqsperto
dawesebulebis TanamSromelia eqsperti (Tarjimani,
specialisti).
3. Tu eqsperti (Tarjimani, specialisti) kerZo
specialuri
saeqsperto
dawesebulebis
TanamSromelia, romelsac am muxlis me-2 nawili
damoukidebel eqsperts uwodebs, maSin isini
gasamrjelos iReben im odenobiT, rac gansazRvrulia
maTsa da sasamarTlos Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebiT.
45-e muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs zogad kriteriums,
romlis safuZvelze sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros im
gasamrjelos odenoba, romelic unda mieces eqsperts,
specialists, Tarjimans. am kriteriumis Tanaxmad
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mis ganxilvaSi mizanSewonilia. aseT SemTxvevaSi advokati miiRebs anazRaurebas saxelmwifo biujetidan davis sagnis Rirebulebis 4 procentamde odenobiT. araqonebrivi davis dros gansaxilveli saqmis mniSvnelobisa da sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT
advokati miiRebs anazRaurebas saxelmwifo
biujetidan 2000 laramde odenobiT.
3. erTi mxaris gaTavisufleba sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan meore mxaris
sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis valdebulebebze gavlenas ar axdens.
1. sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan sasamarTlom
SeiZleba gaaTavisuflos mxolod fizikuri da ara iuridiuli piri. iuridiuli piris mimarT dasaSvebia mxolod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdis gadadeba an maTi
odenobis Semcireba (48-49-e muxlebi).
fizikuri piris sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan
gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlom
mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos ori garemoeba: pirveli _
moqalaqis qonebrivi mdgomareoba, ris gamoc mas ar
aqvs saSualeba gadaixados sasamarTlo xarjebi. am garemoebis dadasturebis tvirTi ekisreba TviTon am fizikur pirs, da meore, gaTavisufleba SeiZleba mxolod iseTi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, romlebic saxelmwifo biujetSi unda Cairicxos. amitom, mxare ar SeiZleba gaTavisufldes iseTi sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan, romlebic erT-erTi mxaris sasargeblod unda gadaixados.
2. saxelmwifos xarjze advokatis mowvevisaTvis saWiroa Semdegi pirobebis erTdroulad arseboba:
a) saqmis masalebidan unda Candes, rom mas ar SeuZlia misi qonebrivi mdgomareobis gamo advokatis xarjebis anazRaureba.
b) gansaxilveli saqme imdenad mniSvnelovani da rTulia, rom Zneli iqneba daicvas mxarem Tavisi uflebebi.
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3. Tu sasamarTlom sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan gaaTavisufla erT-erTi mxare, es cxadia ar aTavisuflebs meore mxares aseTi xarjebis gadaxdisagan.
meore mxare valdebulia gaiRos yvela is xarji, rasac
is gaiRebda, rom erT-erTi mxare ar yofiliyo gaTavisuflebuli xarjebis gadaxdisagan (ix. 53-e muxlis komentari).
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genili tarifebis mixedviT, xolo Tu aseTi ar arsebobs _ faqtobrivad gaweuli xarjebis mixedviT.
Tlo xarjebis winaswar Setanisagan mxare Tavisufldeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi kanonis Tanaxmad
an sasamarTlos mier gaTavisuflebulia aseTi xarjebis gadaxdisagan (46-47-e muxlebi), an Tu mxares sasamarTlom gadaudo xarjebis gadaxda (48-e muxli).
lo daabrunebs saqmes xelaxla gansaxilvelad, mTeli sasamarTlo xarjebi, rac gaweulia am saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT, sarCelis aRZvridan dawyebuli, unda
Sejamdes da Semdeg ganawildes mxareTa
Soris am muxlis mixedviT.
1. 53-e muxlis pirveli nawili kidev erTxel azustebs
wess, romlis Tanaxmad esa Tu is mxare SeiZleba gaTavisufldes mxolod im sasamarTlo xarjebidan, romlebic
saxelmwifo biujetSi unda iqnes Setanili. magram mxare
ar SeiZleba gaTavisufldes xarjebisagan, romlebic mowinaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod unda iqnes gadaxdili.
amrigad, Tu mosarCelem Seitana saxelmwifo baJi da sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba misi sarCelis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, maSin am xarjebis gadaxda im odenobiT, rac mosarCelem Seitana saxelmwifo baJis saxiT
(agreTve sxva xarjebi), daekisreba mopasuxes mosarCelis sasargeblod, miuxedavad imisa, gaTavisuflebulia
Tu ara igi saxelmwifo biujetis sasargeblod sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisagan. TavisTavad cxadia, rom mxareTa Soris sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawileba, erTi mxaris mier gaweuli xarjebis meore mxareze gadakisreba
unda moxdes sarCelis im moTxovnis proporciulad, romelic daakmayofila an romelzec uari uTxra sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT.
53-e muxlis pirveli nawilis bolo abzaci gansazRvravs warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis anazRaurebas, roca gadawyvetileba gamotanilia im mxaris sasargeblod, romelmac aseTi xarjebi
gawia. am SemTxvevaSac moqmedebs wesi, romlis Tanaxmad, Tu sarCeli mTlianad ki ara, nawilobriv iqna dakmayofilebuli, maSin warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis
gaweuli xarjebi daekisreba meore mxares im moTxovnis proporciulad, rac sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT iqna dakmayofilebuli.
kanoni gansazRvravs mxaris mier warmomadgenlis
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daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis im odenobis maqsimums, romelic SeiZleba gadaekisros meore mxares: davis sagnis Rirebulebis 4% (47 muxlis me-2 nawili). am
maqsimumis farglebSi sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZlia
Tavisi SexedulebiT, gonivrul farglebSi gansazRvros daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis odenoba, romelic meore mxares unda daekisros.
warmomadgenlis daxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis
odenobis gansazRvris aseTi wesi qmnis am odenobis xelovnurad gazrdis dabrkolebas, rac saboloo angariSSi icavs im mxaris interesebs, romelsac am xarjebis anazRaureba unda gadaekisros.
2. sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis igive wesebi gamoiyeneba saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloSi im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio an sakasacio sasamarTlo Secvlis gadawyvetilebas an gamoitans axal gadawyvetilebas. maSin mas evaleba TviTonve Secvalos
sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebac. mxedvelobaSia ara
marto saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivrisaTvis gadaxdili baJi, aramed xarjebi, romlebic gaiRes mxareebma
qvemdgom instanciebSi saqmeTa ganxilvisas.
4. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio an sakasacio
sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas da saqmes abrunebs xelaxla gansaxilvelad, maSin sasamarTlo, romelsac saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad daubrunda, xelaxla gaanawilebs sasamarTlo xarjebs, imis Sesabamisad, Tu rogor gadawyvetilebas gamoitans saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis Sedegad. xelaxla gadanawileba moicavs sasamarTlo xarjebs mTlianad, rac gaweulia sarCelis aRZvridan saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis Sedegad miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde.
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bis wesze, rac savaldebuloa sasamarTlosaTvis. Tu mxareebi ar SeTanxmebulan, maSin sasamarTlom TviTon Tavisi iniciativiT unda gaanawilos mxareTa Soris sasamarTlo xarjebi. amasTan, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli 49-e muxlis danawesi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ 54-e muxlSi laparakia advokatis daxmarebis gamo
gaweul xarjebze, magram aucileblad unda vigulisxmoT ara marto advokati, aramed sxva warmomadgenlebic, romlebic mindobilobis safuZvelze fasian daxmarebas uweven mxares.
3. sarCelze uaris Tqmisa Tu mxareTa morigebis gamo, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (272-e da 273-e muxlebi), romelSic unda Caiweros, Tu romel mxares ra
xarjebi da ra odenobiT unda daekisros.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mxarem mimarTos sasamarTlos xarjebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb mas Semdeg, roca
sasamarTlom ukve gamoitana ganCineba, romelSic araferia naTqvami xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze. maSin
sxva gza ar aris, sasamarTlom 261-e muxlis analogiiT
unda gamoitanos damatebiTi ganCineba da gansazRvros Tu romelma mxarem ra xarjebi unda gaswios.
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T a v i VI
saproceso uzrunvelyofa
muxli 57. uzrunvelyofis garantia
1. Tu am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi mxares daekisra im zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba ganicados mowinaaRmdege mxarem Sesabamisi saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT,
Tu mxareebi sxva rameze ar SeTanxmebulan,
man aseTi uzrunvelyofa unda ganaxorcielos fuladi Tanxis an fasiani qaRaldebis
saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos
saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze Setanis gziT, rac
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT misaRebia garantiis uzrunvelsayofad.
2. sasamarTlom SeiZleba SeRavaTiani pirobebiT dauSvas uzrunvelyofis sxva saSualeba, kerZod, romelime sakredito dawesebulebis mier gacemuli Tavdeboba.
1. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi agebulia mxareTa
Tanasworobis principze. am principis erT-erTi gamovlinebaa orive urTierTdapirispirebuli mxaris interesebis Tanabrad gaTvaliswineba ama Tu im saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros. magaliTad, mosarCelis
interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos ganCineba sarCelis da maT Soris, jer kidev araRZruli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 191-e
da 192-e muxlebi), agreTve gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb (ssk-is 271-e muxli). sskis 199-e muxli iTvaliswinebs im zaralis anazRaurebas, rac mxarem ganicada uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis
gatarebiT.
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_ amave dros, 57-e muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs mowinaaRmdege mxaris interesebs da mxares, romelmac aseTi uzrunvelyofa moiTxova, Tavis mxriv,
SeiZleba daekisros im zaralis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba ganicados mowinaaRmdege
mxarem. uzrunvelyofis saproceso saSualebad miCneulia fuladi an fasiani qaRaldebis dadeba, rac unda
ganxorcieldes saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze S etaniT.
2. 57-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, piri, romlis
TxovniTac Sesrulda esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba,
magaliTad, sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebis gadadeba da a. S., SeiZleba gaaTavisuflos
sasamarTlom fuladi Tanxebis Tu fasiani qaRaldebis
dadebis movaleobisagan, Tu mis mier warmodgenili iqneba uzrunvelyofis sxva saSualeba. ssk-is 57-e muxlis meore nawilSi miTiTebulia aseT `sxva saSualebaze~, kerZod, romelime sakredito dawesebulebis mier gacemul Tavdebobaze, magram sasamarTlos SeuZlia
uzrunvelyofis garantiad gamoiyenos samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saSualebebic. aq erTi
ramaa misaRebi mxedvelobaSi _ uzrunvelyofis ra saSualebac ar unda gamoiyenos sasamarTlom, man es unda gaaformos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 892-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
Tavdebobis namdvilobisaTvis saWiroa Tavdebis werilobiTi gancxadeba da Tavdebis pasuxismgeblobis raodenobrivad gansazRvruli maqsimaluri Tanxis miTiTeba.
_ SeuZlia Tu ara sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT
(mxaris Suamdgomlobis gareSe) ganaxorcielos uzrunvelyofis garantia?
57-e muxlis pirveli nawili calsaxad miuTiTebs,
rom mxare, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe iseTi saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis Taobaze, romliTac mowinaaRmdege mxares SeiZleba miadges
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ziani, _ ar SeuZlia Semoifarglos mxolod aseTi moTxovniT. man imavdroulad unda SesTavazos sasamarTlos garantia, romelic Tavis mxriv uzrunvelyofs
im zaralis anazRaurebas, rac mowinaaRmdege mxarem SeiZleba ganicados am saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebiT, vTqvaT _ sarCelis uzrunvelyofiT.
amrigad, aq sasamarTlos iniciativis sakiTxi ar
dgas. mxare, romelic moiTxovs magaliTad, sarCelis
uzrunvelyofas, valdebulia miuTiTos Tu ras sTavazobs igi sasamarTlos da cxadia _ mowinaaRmdege
mxares im zaralis uzrunvelsayofad, romelic am mowinaaRmdege mxarem SeiZleba ganicados.
ra Tqma unda, Tu mxare am movaleobas ar asrulebs _ sasamarTlom unda Seaxsenos mas Seasrulos es
movaleoba, magram Tu mxare amas ar akeTebs, sasamarTlom ar unda daakmayofilos misi Txovna saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebaze.
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli mxaris aseTi movaleoba moixsneba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi TviTon `SeTanxmdnen
sxva rameze~.
li). aqedan gamomdinare, Tu miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba im piris winaaRmdeg, vinc moiTxova sarCelis uzrunvelyofa, an kidev, Tu miRebul iqna misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetileba, romelic ukve aRsrulda, maSin moixsneba kidec uzrunvelyofis garantiis aucilebloba (safuZveli). aseve, Tu mxarem moiTxova mis
winaaRmdeg gamotanili gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis
gadadeba (SeCereba), ris gamoc meore mxarem moiTxova
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadebiT gamowveuli
zaralis anazRaurebisaTvis uzrunvelyofis garantia
da es moTxovna daakmayofila sasamarTlom, maSin Tu
gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadeba gauqmdeba, moixsneba kidec uzrunvelyofis garantiis safuZveli.
igive iTqmis gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis daSvebisas am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi misi aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelsayofad miRebul garantiaze (268-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moixsneba safuZveli, ris gamoc ganxorcielda uzrunvelyofa, mxarem,
Tu mas hqonda gadacemuli uzrunvelyofis garantia
(magaliTad, raime nivTi), an sasamarTlom, Tu aseTi garantia imyofeboda saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRlesi
sabWos saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze - unda daabrunos igi.
uzrunvelyofis garantiis dabruneba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic ar gasaCivrdeba.
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T a v i
VII
saproceso vadebi
muxli 59. saproceso moqmedebis
Sesrulebis vada
1. saproceso moqmedeba sruldeba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi.
2. Tu saproceso vada kanoniT ar aris
dadgenili, mas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo.
saproceso vadis xangrZlivobis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos im
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebis SesaZlebloba, risTvisac es vada dainiSna.
3. samoqalaqo saqmeebs sasamarTloebi ganixilaven gancxadebis miRebis dRidan ara
ugvianes 2 Tvisa, xolo gansakuTrebiT rTuli
kategoriis saqmeebze, ganmxilveli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT es vada SeiZleba
gagrZeldes ara umetes 5 Tvisa, garda alimentis gadaxdevinebis, dasaxiCrebiT an janmrTelobis sxva dazianebiT, agreTve marCenalis sikvdiliT gamowveuli zianis anazRaurebis, SromiTi urTierTobebidan da
sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisas
warmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonidan gamomdinare moTxovnis Sesaxeb saqmeebisa, romlebic ganxilul unda iqnes araugvianes 1 Tvisa.
1. saproceso vadebi ori saxisaa: kanonismieri vadebi da sasamarTlo vadebi.
a) kanonismieri vadebi _ vadebi, romlebic kanoniTaa dadgenili. es imas niSnavs, rom saproceso moqmedeba am kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi unda Sesruldes. magaliTad, saapelacio saCivris Setanis vada aris erTi
110
Tve ( 369-e muxli). es imas niSnavs, rom saapelacio saCivari erT TveSi unda iqnes Setanili.
b) sasamarTlosmieri vadebi _ esaa vadebi, romlebic sasamarTlos mieraa gansazRvruli. sasamarTlos
SeuZlia gansazRvros ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis
SesrulebisaTvis vada mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aseTi vada araa dadgenili kanoniT. magaliTad, Tu sarCeli xarveziania, sasamarTlo miscems vadas mosarCeles
am xarvezis Sesavsebad (185-e muxli). cxadia, rom am vadas gansazRvravs sasamarTlo.
vadis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom TviTon unda gaiangariSos Tu ramdeni dro dasWirdeba saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas da amis mixedviT daniSnos vada.
2. 59-e muxlis mesame nawili gansazRvravs pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloebSi saqmeTa ganxilvis vadebs.
samoqalaqo saqmeTa ganxilvis vada am sasamarTloebSi
aris 2 Tve. mxolod gansakuTrebiT rTul saqmeebze es
vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes 5 Tvemde.
konkretuli saqmis ganxilvis orTviani vadis gagrZelebis sakiTxs wyvets TviTon am saqmis ganmxilveli
sasamarTlo (mosamarTle), romelsac amis Sesaxeb gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu raSi gamoixateba gansaxilveli saqmis gansakuTrebuli sirTule da ra droiT gagrZelda misi ganxilva. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana
ar SeiZleba.
_ aseTi ganCineba mosamarTles gamoaqvs saqmis momzadebis stadiaze da ara mas Semdeg, roca gavida sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebidan ori an xuTi Tve, rogorc
amas zogjer praqtikaSi aqvs adgili e.i. roca ukve gadis an gavida saqmis ganxilvis kanoniT dadgenili vadebi.
_ saqmis sirTule SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT,
rom masSi monawileoben an monawileoba unda miiRon
TanamosarCeleebma, Tanamopasuxeebma, mesame pirebma
damoukidebeli moTxovniT an mis gareSe, Semotanilia
Segebebuli sarCeli da a. S. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom
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daruli TariRi (mag., 2004 wlis 5 seqtembramde), rodemdec gadaedo am xarjebis gadaxda.
b) im garemoebaze miTiTebiT, romelic unda dadges.
magaliTad, Tu saqmis warmoeba SeCerebulia imis gamo,
rom jer unda gadawydes sxva saqme, romelic sxva sasamarTloSi ganixileba, maSin am saqmis warmoeba SeiZleba ganaxldes mxolod mas Semdeg, roca kanonier ZalaSi Seva sxva sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba (279-e da
281-e muxlebi).
g) drois monakveTiT. magaliTad, gancxadebis Setana axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg (426-e muxlis
me-4 nawili).
2. Zalian didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs imis
zustad gansazRvras, Tu saidan iwyeba saproceso vadis dena. magaliTad, kerZo saCivris Setanis vada aris
12 dRe. magram saidan daiwyeba am 12 dRiani vadis gamoTvla?
am 12 dRiani vadis dasawyisia ganCinebis gadacemis
momenti, xolo Tu am ganCinebis gamocxadebas eswreboda kerZo saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri, maSin vadis dasawyisia misi gamocxadebis momenti (416-e
muxli). am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, kerZo saCivris Setanis 12 dRiani vadis gamoTvla unda daiwyos
Sesabamisad ganCinebis gadacemis meore (Semdgomi)
dRidan an am ganCinebis gamocxadebis meore dRidan. e.
i. Tu ganCineba gadaeca mxares 10 noembers, am ganCinebis gasaCivrebis vadis dena daiwyeba 11 noembridan da
damTavrdeba 22 noembers. am wesiT unda moxdes vadebis gamoTvla, roca vadebi ganisazRvreba wlebiT, TveebiT, an dReebiT.
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da miiRos ganCineba SeCerebuli saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb. swored am ganCinebis miRebidan ganaxldeba saproceso vadis denac.
_ amrigad, saproceso vadis dena SeCerdeba im droidan, roca warmoiSva saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis safuZveli, da ara saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebis miRebidan, xolo saproceso vadis dena ganaxldeba ara im droidan, roca warmoiSva
warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZveli, aramed im droidan,
roca sasamarTlom miiRo ganCineba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb.
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118
marTon mxareebma (66-e da 67-e muxlebi). uari kanonismieri saproceso vadis aRdgenaze SeiZleba gaasaCivron mxareebma (68-e muxli).
_ kanonismieri vadis aRdgena dauSvebelia, Tu kanoni TviTon krZalavs amas (magaliTad, ssk 369-e, 397-e
da 416-e muxlebi), magram, Tu es akrZaluli araa sasamarTlos SeuZlia aRadginos vada, Tu am vadis gaSveba
sapatio mizeziT moxda (ix. 215-e muxlis komentari).
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120
naze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. 68-e muxlis pirveli nawili uSvebs vadis aRdgenis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilvis SesaZleblobas mxareTaTvis Seutyobineblad, magram ar krZalavs, rom am
gancxadebis ganxilva moxdes mxareTa SetyobinebiT,
Tu es sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad miaCnia.
2. gadacilebuli saproceso vadis aRdgenisa Tu aseTis aRdgenaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod sasamarTlos im ganCinebaze, romliTac uari eTqva ganmcxadebels saproceso vadis aRdgenaze.
T a v i
VIII
dro
hqondeT
sasamarTloSi
droulad
gamocxadebisaTvis da saqmisaTvis mosamzadeblad.
rogorc Cans, sasamarTlom unda gaiTvaliswinos saidan
unda Camovides mxare, misi warmomadgeneli, ramdeni
dro dasWirdeba imisaTvis, rom moemzados sasamarTlo
sxdomaze gamosasvlelad, saqmeSi damatebiTi
masalebis gasacnobad, romlebsac igi adre, anu am
saqmis momzadebis stadiaze ar gacnobia da a.S.
3. 70-e muxlis me-3 nawili uSvebs mxareTa, maT
warmomadgenelTa,
mowmeebis,
eqspertebis,
specialistebis, Tarjimnebis Setyobinebasa da
gamoZaxebas telefonogramiT, depeSiT, eleqtronuli
fostiT, faqsiT an sxva saSualebiT, romlebic Tavisi
SinaarsiT unda pasuxobdnen 72-e muxlis moTxovnebs.
teqnikuri saSualebiT gagzvnili sasamarTlo uwyebis
Cabareba unda dadasturdes 73-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT
dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari)12.
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biT wasvla sacxovrebeli adgilidan ar niSnavs mis mier sacxovrebeli adgilis gamocvlas; amitom, sasamarTlo movale iyo adresatisaTvis uwyeba gaegzavna ara
ssk 76-e muxlis, aramed `amave kodeqsis 74-e muxlis
moTxovnaTa dacviT, rac ar gaakeTa da riTac dairRva
miTiTebuli norma. aRniSnuli darRveva ki, amave kodeqsis 394-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtiT ganCinebis gauqmebis absoluturi safuZvelia~.13
134
Si, mas daekisreba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba (ssk 145-e muxli) da a.S.
135
mier misamarTis Secvlis Sesaxeb (140-e muxlis me-3 nawili). winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqme gadawydeba maTi
Cvenebis (daskvnis) gareSe saqmeSi arsebuli masalebiT.
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werilobiT Sedgenil sajaro SetyobinebaSi, garda 78e muxlis me-2 nawiliT miTiTebuli monacemebisa, unda
aRiniSnos, rom mopasuxis winaaRmdeg aRZrulia
sarCeli, rogoria sasarCelo moTxovnis Sinaarsi da
imis Sesaxeb, rom ver moxerxda mopasuxis faqtiuri
adgilsamyofelis dadgena. aqve unda mieTiTos
agreTve imis Sesaxeb, rom Tu mopasuxe ar gamocxaddeba
gancxadebaSi miTiTebul vadaze an ar acnobebs sasamarTlos Tavis adgilsamyofels, saqme ganxiluli
iqneba mis dauswreblad.
3. sasamarTlom mosarCelis SuamdgomlobiT SeiZleba
daadginos Tavisi ganCinebiT, rom sajaro Setyobineba
ganaxorcielos publikaciis meSveobiT. xarjebis
gadaxda unda daekisros mosarCeles. garda zemoT
miTiTebuli monacemebisa sajaro publikaciaSi
miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom Tu mopasuxe ar gamocxaddeba sasamarTloSi da ar acnobebs mas Tavis adgilsamyofels publikaciidan erTi Tvis vadaSi, mis
winaaRmdeg gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli
gadawyvetileba.
sajaro publikaciebTan dakavSirebiT mizanSewonilad unda CaiTvalos erT-erTi romelime
gazeTis SerCeva, romelSic gamoqveyndeba saqmeTa
ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli yovelgvari informacia,
romelic saWirod miaCnia saqarTvelos sasamarTloebs.
uwyebis Cabarebulad CaTvlis safuZvlebi da dro
mxarebisaTvis da saqmeSi monawile sxva
dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis uwyebis Cabarebulad
CaTvlis mniSvnelobis gansamartavad sakmarisi iqneba
mxolod mis erT aspeqtze miTiTeba: sasamarTlo ver
ganixilavs saqmes Tu mxares ar Cabarda uwyeba
kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, xolo Tu mainc
ganixilavs - es iqneba gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis
udavo safuZveli.
138
uwyeba Cabarebulad
iTvleba
dasturdeba
dasturdeba: mxaris an
warmomadgenlis xelmoweriT uwyebis meore egzemplarze romelic Caekereba
saqmeSi (70-e muxli).
2. Tu uwyeba Cabarda warmomadgenels (romelic valdebulia amis Sesaxeb acnobos mxares an Tavis warmomdgens) 70-e muxlis
pirveli nawili.
4. Tu uwyeba (Setyobineba)
telefonogramiT gadaica,
misi gadacemis dawyebisa da
dasrulebis droidan.( 73-e
muxlis, me-2 nawilis, a
qvepunqti).
dasturdeba: telefonogramis
gadacemis Sesaxeb Sedgenili
aqtiT, romelSic mieTiTeba
telefonogramis gadacemis
dawyebisa da dasrulebis dro
(73-e muxlis a qvepunqti ). es
aqti Caekereba saqmeSi.
6. Tu uwyeba (Setyobineba)
eleqtronuli fostiT an
faqsiT gadaica. (73-e muxlis me-2 nawilis g
qvepunqti).
7. Tu erT-erTma mxarem,
romelmac ikisra movaleoba Caabaros uwyeba meore
mxares, gadasca es uwyeba am
meore mxares (73-e muxlis
me-6 nawili).
8. Tu fostiT an kurieris
meSveobiT gagzavnili uwyeba
Cabarda moqalaqes (adresats)
(73-e muxlis me-8 nawili).
9. Tu uwyeba Cabarda kancelarias, sxva aseTive struqturul erTeuls an organizaciis Sesabamis uflebamosil pirs,romlebic uwyebas
adresats gadascemen. (73-e
muxlis me-8 nawili).
140
dasturdeba: adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis an mmarTvelobis organos Sesabamisi Tanamdebobis piris, an
kidev, ubnis inspeqtoris
mier xelmowerili uwyebis
me-2 egzemplariT, romelic
Caekereba saqmeSi (73-e
muxlis me-7 nawili).
dasturdeba: uwyebis me-2
egzemplarze,
uwyebis
mimRebis xelmoweriTa da
vinaobis aRniSvniT (74-e
muxlis nawili pirveli).
dasturdeba: Sesabamisi publikaciiT, romelic Caekereba saqmeSi (78-e muxlis me4 nawili).
141
kari meore
mxareebi
T a v i
IX
sonalurad, rogorc solidaruli movaleebi am moqmedebidan warmoSobili yvela valdebulebisaTvis. es pasuxismgebloba ZalaSi rCeba sazogadoebis registraciis Semdegac~.
did praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens im sawarmoebisa
da sazogadoebebis mdgomareoba, romlebic adre iyvnen registrirebuli, magram Semdgom, kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, unda gaevloT xelaxali registracia, xolo Tu kanoniT daTqmul vadaSi isini ar gaivlian registracias, maSin maTi registracia gauqmebulad
iTvleba. registraciis gauqmeba ki niSnavs imas, rom es
sawarmo (sazogadoeba) aRaraa iuridiuli piri.
magram niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom am sawarmos (sazogadoebis) mimarT ar SeiZleba aRiZras sarCeli an es sawarmo TviTon ver gamova mosarCeled?
ara, ar niSnavs!
saqme isaa, rom aseT sawarmoebs (sazogadoebebs) ar
SeiZleba ar hqondeT mravalgvari iuridiuli kavSirebi samarTlis sxva subieqtebTanac. am kavSirurTierTobebis safuZvelze SeiZleba warmoiSvas sxvadasxva
xasiaTis davebi, romlebic sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos. amitom isini SeiZleba mogvevlinon mxareebad
procesSi, Tumca aRar SeiZleba CaiTvalon iuridiul
pirebad, radgan ar gauvliaT xelaxali registracia.
sxva sakiTxia, rom aseTi organizaciebisa da maTi wevrebis pasuxismgebloba gansxvavdeba im iuridiuli pirebis pasuxismgeblobisagan, romlebic mxolod Tavisi qonebiT ageben pasuxs, magram miuxedavad amisa, isini SeiZleba gamovidnen mxareebad procesSi.
2. fizikuri piris saproceso uflebaunarianoba warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan da Sewydeba misi gardacvalebiT.
3. iuridiuli piris uflebaunarianoba
warmoiSoba registraciis momentidan da
Sewydeba misi likvidaciis registraciis momentidan.
1. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba _ aris
piris (fizikuri da iuridiuli piris) unari hqondes
samoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi.
2. samoqalaqo saproceso uflebaunarianoba dakavSirebulia samoqalaqo materialur uflebaunarianobasTan, magram Tavisi SinaarsiTa da warmoSobis momentiT SeiZleba ar daemTxvnen zogjer erTmaneTs, magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-11 muxlis Tanaxmad,
`memkvidred yofnis ufleba warmoiSoba CasaxvisTanave; am uflebis ganxorcieleba damokidebulia dabadebaze~.
amrigad, memkvidreobis materialur-samarTlebrivi ufleba warmoiSoba CasaxvisTanave, magram samoqalaqo saproceso uflebebi da movaleobebi, rac dakavSirebulia memkvidreobasTan, SeiZleba warmoiSvas
mxolod dabadebis momentidan.
ramdenadac fizikuri pirebis saproceso uflebaunarianoba warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan da arc
am uflebaunarianobis SezRudva daiSveba, sasamarTlos ar sWirdeba imis Semowmeba, aRWurvilia Tu ara mxare _ fizikuri piri saproceso uflebaunarianobiT.
3. rac Seexeba iuridiul pirebs, maT saproceso uflebaunarianobas da qmedunarianobas erTmaneTisagan
arc ki ansxvaveben im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom isini
warmoiSoba da Sewydeba erTdroulad _ registraciis momentidan da am registraciis gauqmebis momentidan.
amitom, sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos iuridiuli piris uflebaunarianoba, rac imavdroulad iuridiuli
145
mas ufleba aqvs sasamarTloSi piradad daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli interesebi, iyos mosarCele,
mopasuxe an mesame piri. sasamarTlos SeuZlia arasrulwlovanis SuamdgomlobiT an
Tavisi iniciativiT, saqmeSi Caabas misi kanonieri warmomadgenelic.
5. mcirewlovanTa uflebebs, agreTve qmeduunarod cnobil moqalaqeTa uflebebsa
da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi _ mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an meurveebi.
kanonieri warmomadgenlis SuamdgomlobiT
sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmeSi Caabas mcirewlovanic.
6. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi meurveobisa da
mzrunvelobis organoebi uflebamosilni
arian mimarTon sasamarTlos arasrulwlovnis uflebebis dacvis mizniT.
1. samoqalaqo saproceso qmedunarianoba _ esaa piris (fizikuri da iuridiuli piris) unari Tavisi moqmedebiT ganaxorcielos sasamarTloSi saproceso uflebebi da Seasrulos saproceso movaleobebi, agreTve daavalos saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenels.
2. gansxvavebiT fizikur pirTa saproceso uflebaunarianobisagan, maTi saproceso qmedunarianoba warmoiSoba srulwlovanebidan (18 wlis asakidan), xolo
iuridiul pirTa qmedunarianoba _ registraciis momentidan, e. i. iuridiuli piris saproceso uflebaunarianobisa da qmedunarianobis warmoSobis momenti
emTxveva erTmaneTs.
ufro adre fizikuri piri SeiZleba gaxdes procesualurad qmedunariani, Tu igi iqorwinebs kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT 18 wlis asakis miRwevamde.
amrigad, sasamarTlom, Tu arsebobs eWvis safuZ147
veli, SeiZleba mosTxovos fizikur pirs misi asakis damadasturebeli dokumentebis wardgena, xolo iuridiul pirs _ misi registraciis damadasturebeli dokumentis wardgena.
3. arasrulwlovnebi (7-dan 18 wlamde), agreTve SezRudul qmedunarianad aRiarebuli moqalaqeebi saproceso qmedunarianobis TvalasazrisiT gaTanabrebulebi arian: maT uflebebs icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi _ mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi.
SeuZlia Tu ara arasrulwlovans piradad daicvas
sasamarTloSi Tavisi ufleba, iyos mosarCele da mopasuxe? diax, SeuZlia, Tu arasrulwlovans kanoniT miniWebuli aqvs ufleba TviTon damoukideblad gankargos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvrilmani sayofacxovrebo
garigebani, miniWebuli aqvs sawarmos damoukideblad
gaZRolis ufleba da a. S. (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 65-e muxli).
4. saproceso qmedunarianobis TvalsazrisiT gaTanabrebulebi arian mcirewlovnebi da qmeduunarod
aRiarebuli moqalaqeebi _ maT ar gaaCniaT saproceso
qmedunarianoba. amitom, maT uflebebs sasamarTloSi
mxolod maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi, e. i. mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi icaven.
magram Tu maT ar hyavT kanonieri warmomadgeneli?
maSin sasamarTlom unda gamoiyenos ssk 82-e muxli
da dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (ix. am
muxlis komentari).
5. praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac
srulwlovani piri (rogorc wesi, mopasuxe) araa sasamarTlos mier aRiarebuli qmeduunarod (ssk 322-e muxli), magram aSkaraa, rom igi ver uwevs angariSs Tavis
moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis an Wkuasustobis gamo. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda moiwvios am piris mSobeli, Svili, meuRle da CarTos igi saqmeSi, rogorc kanonieri warmomadgeneli, xolo Tu mas
ar hyavs aseTi warmomadgeneli _ dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli (ssk 82-e muxli).
148
rom sarCeli aRZrulia qmeduunaro mosarCelis mier, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieri
warmomadgeneli, maSin saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis Tavidan asacileblad, kanonieri warmomadgenlis daniSvnamde SeiZleba
mosarCeles dauniSnon saproceso warmomadgeneli.
82-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, imisaTvis,
rom sasamarTlom dauniSnos qmeduunaro mxares saproceso warmomadgeneli (saproceso mzrunveli) da ganixilos saqme, saWiroa sami pirobis erTdroulad arseboba: pirveli _ piri unda iyos qmeduunaro. qmeduunarod iTvleba piri 7-dan 18 wlamde (garda kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisebisa) asakis, agreTve
qmeduunarod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebuli srulwlovani piri. meore _ mosarCelis Suamdgomloba mopasuxisaTvis saproceso warmomadgenlis
daniSvnis Sesaxeb da mesame _ am saqmis ganuxilvelobam SeiZleba ziani miayenos mosarCeles.
Tu yvela es piroba arsebobs, sasamarTlo daniSnavs
saproceso warmomadgenels, raTa daculi iqnes qmeduunaro mopasuxis uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi.
_ amasTan erTad, praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis
Sesaxeb, SeiZleba Tu ara saproceso warmomadgeneli
daeniSnos iseT pirs, romelic srulwlovania, araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, e. i. iuridiulad qmedunariania, magram aSkarad ver uwevs angariSs Tavis moqmedebas fsiqikuri mdgomareobis an
Wkuasustobis gamo, e. i. faqtobrivad qmeduunaroa.
aseT pirs SeiZleba daeniSnos saproceso warmomadgeneli misi mSoblis, srulwlovani Svilis, meuRlis saxiT, an Tu aseTi ar hyavs, sxva iseTi piris saxiT, romelsac SeuZlia daicvas am faqtobrivad qmeduunaro
piris interesebi sasamarTloSi.
_ arasrulwlovans mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZle-
150
151
nis gazrda, romelzec damokidebulia saxelmwifo baJis odenoba (39-e muxli). sarCelis sagnis Secvlas an
moTxovnis gadidebas kanoni ar ukavSirebs davis sagnis
fasis gazrdis gamo baJis damatebiT winaswar gadaxdas.
mosarCeles unda daevalos baJis damatebiT gadaxda,
magram gadauxdeloba ver daabrkolebs saqmis ganxilvas. sasamarTlo xarjebis da maT Soris damatebiT saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdis mxareTa Soris ganawilebis sakiTxi sasamarTlom unda gansazRvros Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi (249-e muxlis me-5 nawili). am gadawyvetilebiT unda moxdes damatebiT gadaxdevineba an zedmetad
gadaxdilis ukan dabruneba, Tu mosarCele amcirebs Tavis sasarCelo moTxovnas (42-e muxli).
_ mopasuxe, romelsac egzavneba sarCelis asli, yovelTvis emzadeba am sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis. amitom, mas unda ecnobos droulad Tu mosarCele cvlis sarCelis safuZvels an sagans, raTa mopasuxem SeZlos moemzados am Secvlili sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis. kanonis am danawesis Seusrulebloba sasamarTlos mxriv iqneboda mopasuxis mniSvnelovani saproceso uflebis darRveva, rac yovlad dauSvebelia.
3. 83-e muxlis me-3 nawili gansazRvravs, Tu procesis romel stadiaze SeuZlia mosarCeles sarCelis
safuZvlis an sagnis Secvla _ esaa saqmis winaswari
sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis momzadebis stadia. am stadiaze mosarCeles SeuZlia Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli an sagani ise, rom winaswar ar miiRos Tanxmoba mopasuxisagan.
Tu sarCelis Secvlas mosarCele apirebs saqmis mTavar (zepir) sxdomaze ganxilvis dros, maSin saWiroa mopasuxis Tanxmoba aseT Secvlaze, ris Sesaxebac miTiTebulia agreTve ssk 224-e muxlSi. Tu mopasuxe Tanaxma iqneba aseT Secvlaze, maSin mas SeuZlia moiTxovos
sasamarTlo sxdomis gadadeba sxva droisaTvis, raTa
moemzados Secvlili sarCelisagan TavdacvisaTvis.
magram Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs sxdomis gadadebas,
saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba.
154
4. rac Seeexeba mosarCelis uflebas gaadidos an Seamciros sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba, magaliTad,
10000 laris nacvlad moiTxovos 20000 lari, an piriqiT, 5000 lari, agreTve moiTxovos erTi nivTis nacvlad meore nivTis mikuTvneba an am nivTis Rirebulebis anazRaureba (magaliTad, moiTxovda avtomanqanis
mikuTvnebas da SemdgomSi avtomanqana Secvala roialiT, an avtomanqanis Rirebulebis mikuTvnebiT) _ es
ar iqneba sarCelis sagnis Secvla. amitom, mosarCeles
es SeuZlia gaakeTos procesis nebismier stadiaze da
mopasuxis Tanxmoba amisaTvis saWiro araa.
sarCelis, kerZod, misi safuZvlis Secvlad ar CaiTvleba agreTve sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis
dazusteba, dakonkreteba, damateba. es imas niSnavs,
rom sarCelis faqtobrivi safuZveli ucvleli rCeba,
xdeba mxolod am faqtobrivi safuZvlis dazustebadakonkreteba an damateba axali faqtebiT, ise rom ar
icvleba sarCelis Tavdapirveli faqtobrivi safuZvlis azri da Sinaarsi.
156
sarCeli ganixileba mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTanado mosarCelis mimarTebidanac. sasamarTlo Tavisi
gadawyvetilebiT uars etyvis arasaTanado mosarCeles sarCelis dakmayofilebaze im motiviT, rom mas ar
aqvs moTxovnis ufleba, xolo mesame pirad saqmeSi Cabmuli saTanado mosarCelis mimarT sarCels daakmayofilebs saerTo safuZvelze.
15
161
T a v i X
saproceso Tanamonawileoba
muxli 86. Tanamonawileobis
safuZvlebi
1. sarCeli SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes erTad ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, Tu:
a) sarCelis sagans warmoadgens saerTo
ufleba;
b) sasarCelo moTxovnebi gamomdinareobs
erTi da imave safuZvlebidan;
g) sasarCelo moTxovnebi erTgvarovania,
miuxedavad imisa, erTgvarovania Tu ara
maTi safuZveli da sagani.
2. TiToeuli mosarCele an mopasuxe meore mxaris mimarT procesSi gamodis damoukideblad.
1. Tanamonawileoba gvaqvs maSin, rodesac erTi mosarCele aRZravs sarCels ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg, ramdenime mosarCele aRZravs sarCels erTi mopasuxis winaaRmdeg da ramdenime mosarCele aRZravs
sarCels ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. erT mxareze monawile Tanamonawileebis interesebi ar SeiZleba
ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs, e. i. TanamosarCeleebis interesebi, iseve rogorc Tanamopasuxeebis interesebi, ar SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs.
amiT Tanamonawileoba gansxvavdeba mesame pirisagan, romelic aRZravs sarCels damoukidebeli moTxovniT davis saganze.
_ Tanamonawileobis mizania saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis daCqareba, xarjebis Semcireba, erTmaneTis
sawinaaRmdego an Seusabamo gadawyvetilebaTa gamotanis Tavidan acileba.
162
am mizniT Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba ganxorcieldes momzadebis stadiaze. kerZod, 182-e muxlis me-4
nawilis Tanaxmad, Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdenime erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneTTan
dakavSirebuli saqme, romlebSic erTi da igive an sxvadasxva mxareebi monawileoben, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es saqmeebi calke
warmoebad, Tu amas moyveba davis ufro swrafad da sworad ganxilva.
saqmeTa erT warmoebad gaerTianebis iniciativiT
SeiZleba gamovides mosamarTlec (sasamarTloc) im
TvalsazrisiT, rom urCios mxares daTanxmdes aseT gaerTianebaze.
_ Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba iyos savaldebulo da
fakultaturi (ara aucilebeli).
_ Tanamonawileoba savaldebuloa, Tu materialur-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia am urTierTobis yvela subieqtis monawileobis gareSe saqmis ganxilva. magaliTad, saerTo sakuTrebis uflebis (a qvepunqti) erT-erTma monawilem moiTxova wilis gamoyofa. saqmeSi Cabmuli unda
iqnes yvela mesakuTre: yovelTvis, roca dava exeba saziaro sagans, saqmeSi Cabmuli unda iqnes saziaro uflebis yvela mesakuTre; Tu saqme exeba binidan gamosaxlebas (binis gaTavisuflebas), maSin am saqmeSi Cabmuli unda iqnen am binaSi mcxovrebi yvela piri da a. S.
savaldebulo Tanamonawileobisas, Tu yvela Tanamonawile ar iqneba Cabmuli saqmeSi da sasamarTlo ise
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas, maSin am gadawyvetilebis
aRsruleba ver moxerxdeba, radgan misi kanonieri Zala vrceldeba mxolod im pirebze, romlebic monawileobdnen saqmeSi. amitom, Tu sarCeli araa aRZruli
saerTo uflebis yvela Tanamonawilis an saerTo valdebulebis mqone yvela piris mimarT, maSin sasamarTlom unda Caabas isini saqmeSi Tavisi iniciativiT.
_ praqtikaSi wamoiWra sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, SeuZlia
Tu ara sasamarTlos savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis
163
dros gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, roca ar gamocxadda arcerTi Tanamonawile (TanamosarCele an Tanamopasuxe), an gamocxadda ara yvela, aramed erT-erTi maTgani.
Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda arcerTi
Tanamonawile (TanamosarCele an Tanamopasuxe), romlebsac gaegzavnaT Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas (229-e da 230-e muxlebi).
Tu sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamocxadda erT-erTi Tanamonawile, vTqvaT TanamosarCele, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi
gadawyvetileba saqmis masalebis mixedviT.
savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erT-erTi
Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba niSnavs yvela Tanamonawilis gamocxadebas, Tu yvela Tanamonawiles gaegzavna Setyobineba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.
_ Tu arcerTi mxare, e. i. arcerTi TanamosarCele da
arcerTi Tanamopasuxe ar gamocxadda sasamarTlos SeuZlia sarCeli ganuxilvelad datovos (231-e muxli).
_ arasavaldebulo (fakultaturi) Tanamonawileoba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos imiT, rom `sasarCelo
moTxovnebi gamomdinareobs erTi da imave safuZvlebidan~ (b qvepunqti ), an kidev imiT, rom `sasarCelo moTxovnebi erTgvarovania, miuxedavad imisa, erTgvarovania Tu ara maTi safuZveli da sagani (g qvepunqti).
magaliTad, Tu piris qonebas ziani miayena ramdenime pirma, dazaralebuls SeuZlia sarCeli aRZras rogorc calkeuli zianis mimyeneblis, ise yvelas mimarT
erTad. aseve, TiToeul muSa-mosamsaxures SeuZlia
cal-calke aRZras sarCeli administraciis mimarT
xelfasis miRebis Taobaze, magram maT SeuZliaT gaaerTianon TavianTi erTgvarovani moTxovnebi erT sarCelSi.
Tanamonawileoba aseT SemTxvevebSi gamarTlebulia
saqmis sworad da swrafad gadawyvetis interesebiT, agreTve, saproceso ekonomiis principis moTxovnebiT.
164
2. procesSi TiToeuli Tanamonawilis damoukideblad gamosvla imas niSnavs, rom mis mier ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Seusruleblobas ar SeuZlia raime ziani miayenos sxva Tanamonawiles an zegavlena moaxdinos sxva Tanamonawileebze. magaliTad, erTi Tanamonawilis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, an sarCelis
cnoba ar niSnavs sarCelze uaris Tqmas an sarCelis
cnobas sxva Tanamonawileebis mier.
sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas im mosarCelis mimarT, romelmac uari Tqva sarCelze da sxvebis
mimarT gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas. aseve sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs sarCels im mopasuxis mimarT, romelmac cno sarCeli, xolo sxvebis mimarT gaagrZelebs
saqmis ganxilvas.
167
T a v i
XI
mesame pirebi
muxli 88. mesame pirebi
damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovniT
1. TiToeul dainteresebul pirs, romelic acxadebs damoukidebel moTxovnas davis
saganze an mis nawilze, SeuZlia aRZras
sarCeli orive an erT-erTi mxaris mimarT
mxareTa paeqrobis dawyebamde (mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT).
mesame piris sarCelis miReba da ganxilva
warmoebs saerTo wesebis dacviT. mesame
pirisa da Tavdapirveli mosarCelis sarCelis gadawyveta xdeba erTdroulad.
2. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT sargebloben mosarCelis yvela uflebiT da maT ekisrebaT misi yvela
movaleoba.
1. zogjer samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis procesi
rTuldeba imis gamo rom procesSi Semodis piri, romlis interesebi ar emTxveva arc mosarCelisa da arc
mopasuxis interesebs.
amrigad, mesame piri es iseTi piria, romelic Semodis mxareTa Soris ukve dawyebul procesSi Tavisi sakuTari uflebebisa da interesebis dasacavad,
romlebic aramarto ar emTxveva, aramed piriqiT, ewinaaRmdegeba kidec mxareebis (mosarCelis, mopasuxis)
interesebs. swored amitom, isini ar SeiZleba Caeban
procesSi Tanamonawileebad (ssk 86-e muxli).
_ mesame pirebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT sasamarTlos unda mimarTon sarCeliT. imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom miiRos da ganixilos es sarCeli, is unda
168
miT umetes, rom mesame pirs SeuZlia aRZras damoukidebeli sarCeli sxva dros da wina procesSi monawile
nebismieri mxaris winaaRmdeg..
_ saapelacio da sakasacio sasamarTloebi mowodebulni arian ganixilon saCivrebi. amasTan erTad, isini
amowmeben gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebebs, Sesabamisad, saapelacio da sakasacio saCivris farglebSi (ssk
377-e da 404-e muxlebi).
amrigad, aRniSnuli sasamarTloebi ganixilaven saCivrebs gadawyvetilebebze, romlebic gamotanilia
qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTloebis mier iq aRZrul
sarCelebze (ssk 364-e da 391-e muxlebi) da ara sarCelebs. mesame piris sarCeli damoukidebeli moTxovniT
aris Cveulebrivi sarCeli da aseTi sarCeliT saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciaSi mimarTva dauSvebelia.
2. mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT arian igive mosarCeleebi da isini sargebloben yvela im uflebebiT, ra uflebiTac sargebloben mosarCeleebi saerTod (ssk 83-e muxli).
170
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis organoebis, meriebis, gamgeobebis, sxvadasxva inspeqciebis, notariusebis da a.
S. samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebad Cabma. xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTloebis mier ar aris dasabuTebuli da motivirebuli, is Tu romeli mxaris dasaxmareblad Caebnen aRniSnuli subieqtebi procesSi an ra mosazrebiT da romeli kanoniT xelmZRvanelobda sasamarTlo, maTi saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanisas
_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebad
saqmeSi Cabmis sakiTxis gadawyvetisas sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos ssk 89-e muxlis moTxovnebiT, romlis Tanaxmad, aseTi mesame pirebis Cabma saqmeSi dasaSvebia, Tu maT gaaCniaT iuridiuli interesi, e. i.
Tu `sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas am saqmeze SeuZlia
SemdgomSi gavlena moaxdinos mis uflebebsa da movaleobebze erT-erTi mxaris mimarT~.
_ sasamarTlom TviTon unda ganWvritos, aqvs Tu ara
aseT mesame pirs iuridiuli interesi, e. i. moaxdens
Tu ara am saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba gavlenas mis uflebebsa da movaleobebze `erT-erTi mxaris
mimarT~.
am saqmeSi sasamarTlos daexmareba kanonic. magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 706-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu
tvirTis dakargvis an dazianebis gamo zianis anazRaureba daekisra erT-erT gadamzidvels, maSin mas SeuZlia aRZras regresuli (ukumoTxovnis) sarCeli sxva gadamzidvelebis mimarT. rogorc vxedavT, aseT saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas, romliTac zianis anazRaureba daekisra erT-erT gadamzidvels, SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos sxva gadamzidvelis movaleobebze,
kerZod, aunazRauros wagebul gadamzidvels is, rac
mas daekisra mosarCelis sasargeblod, amitom, es `sxva
gadamzidveli~ dainteresebulia Caebas procesSi mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe, raTa da171
172
unda iyos Tu konkretulad ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos mesame piris uflebebze da movaleobebze am saqmeze gamotanilma gadawyvetilebam (ssk 89-e muxli). sasamarTlom ar unda dauSvas mesame piris procesSi
Cabma saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebis mizniT.
_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmis sakiTxze sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas
iRebs mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswineba SeiZleba moxdes Semdegnairad: Tu gancxadeba mesame piris saqmeSi
Cabmis Sesaxeb Semotanilia am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, maSin es gancxadeba gadaegzavneba mxares (mxareebs), romelsac daeniSneba Sesabamisi vada am sakiTxze misi werilobiTi mosazrebis wardgenisaTvis. mxaris mier am vadaSi werilobiTi mosazrebis warudgenloba ver daabrkolebs sasamarTlos mier konkretul
sakiTxis gadawyvetas. Tu gancxadeba Semotanilia sasamarTlo sxdomaze, maSin mxareTa mosazrebebis mosmena xdeba imave sxdomaze.
2. damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris
saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, agreTve, Tu vis (mosarCelisa Tu mopasuxis) mxareze xdeba mesame piris saqmeSi Cabma.
aseT ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
_ damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabmaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
motivirebuli ganCineba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes gadawyvetilebasTan erTad.
damoukideblad imisa, mosarCelisa Tu mopasuxis
mxareze xdeba damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame piris saqmeSi Cabma, yovlad dauSvebelia gadawyvetileba mosarCelis nacvlad am mesame piris sasargeblod iqnes gamotanili, an mas daekisros pasuxismgebloba mopasuxis nacvlad. amitom, principuli mniSvneloba aqvs sakasacio sasamarTlos miTiTebas erTerT saqmeze imis Sesaxeb, rom piri ar yofila Cabmuli
174
saqmeSi mopasuxed, xolo gadawyvetilebiT igi mopasuxed iqna miCneuli riTac uxeSad dairRva am piris uflebebi, ris gamoc gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes.16
175
vebia samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi uflebebisa da movaleobebis subieqtebis Secvla, rodesac axali subieqti mTlianad an nawilobriv iRebs Tavis Tavze Tavisi winamorbedis uflebebs an movaleobebs.
Tu uflebamonacvleoba materialuri samarTlis mixedviT dauSvebelia, maSin dauSvebelia saproceso uflebamonacvleobac. magaliTad, Tu gardaicvala piri, romelic samuSaoze aRdgenas moiTxovda, saqmis warmoeba Sewydeba, radgan dauSvebelia am
uflebis sxva pirze gadasvla. aseve, dauSvebelia alimentis gadaxdevinebis uflebis gadasvla sxva pirze
da a. S. magaliTad, sk 453-e muxlis Tanaxmad, movalis
gardacvaleba iwvevs valdebulebis Sewyvetas, Tu Sesruleba SeuZlebelia misi piradi monawileobis gareSe. aseve, kreditoris gardacvalebac iwvevs valdebulebis Sewyvetas, Tu Sesruleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyo
piradad kreditorisaTvis.
_ saproceso uflebamonacvleoba dasaSvebia procesis nebismier stadiaze, kerZod:
a) sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebidan gadawyvetilebis
gamotanamde;
b) gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde;
g) gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan mis
aRsrulebamde.
2. uflebamonacvles ar SeuZlia moiTxovos im saproceso moqmedebis xelmeored (ganmeorebiT) Sesruleba, romelic misma winamorbedma Seasrula. magaliTad, mas ar SeuZlia moiTxovos mowmeTa ganmeorebiT
gamoZaxeba da dakiTxva, agreTve, saproceso vadis Tavidan aTvla, Tu es vada gaSvebuli iyo jer kidev misi
winamorbedis sicocxleSi an iuridiuli piris reorganizaciamde. magaliTad, Tu uflebamonacvleoba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, e. i. winamorbedis gardacvalebamde an iuridiuli
piris reorganizaciamde, maSin uflebamonacvles ar
SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetileba, magram, Tu uf178
lebamonacvleoba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis gamotanisTanave, magram mis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde, uflebamonacvles SeuZlia gaasaCivros es gadawyvetileba (ganCineba).
_ uflebamonacvlis winamorbedis mier Sesrulebuli yvela saproceso moqmedeba iTvleba Sesrulebulad uflebamonacvlis mier. magaliTad, Tu misma winamorbedma Secvala sarCelis sagani da nacvlad mopasuxis binidan gamosaxlebisa, misgan moiTxova binis qiris
gadaxda, uflebamonacvle ver ityvis uars aseT Secvlaze, magram, Tu mis winamorbeds aqvs ufleba uari
Tqvas mis mier Sesrulebul saproceso moqmedebaze,
maSin aseTive ufleba aqvs uflebamonacvlesac. magaliTad, uflebamonacvles SeuZlia uari Tqvas winamorbedis mier Setanil saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivarze,
radgan winamorbedsac hqonda aseTi ufleba (ssk 378-e
muxli).
3. Tu uflebamonacvleobis aucilebloba warmoiSva gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde(saqmis pirvel, saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciaSi ganxilvis dros), maSin sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba (ssk
279-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti), ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. am ganCinebaSi sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos, rom saqmis warmoeba SeCerebulia uflebamonacvlis dadgenamde, magram uflebamonacvlis
dadgeniT yovelTvis ver moxdeba SeCerebuli saqmis
ganaxleba.
_ kerZod, Tu sakiTxi Seexeba mosarCelis uflebamonacvles, maSin man unda mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT, raTa dauSvas igi saqmeSi rogorc mosarCelis uflebamonacvle. manve unda warudginos sasamarTlos uflebamonacvleobis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi (samkvidro mowmoba, moTxovnis daTmobis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba, valis gadakisrebis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba, iuridiuli piris reorganizaciis damadasturebeli dokumentebi da a. S).
_ Tu sakiTxi Seexeba mopasuxes, maSin mosarCelem
179
_ gadawyvetilebis kanonieri Zala vrceldeba uflebamonacvleze, magram Tu uflebamonacvleoba warmoiSva am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis
Semdeg _ aRsrulebis stadiaze, maSin es sakiTxi SeiZleba mogvardes gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis wesiT
(ssk 262-e muxli).
_ uflebamonacvleobis dadgenamde saqmis warmoebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (ssk 282-e muxli).
_ uflebamonacvlis dadgenis gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaze kerZo
saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
rac Seexeba sasamarTlos ganCinebas ulebamonacvliT mxaris Secvlaze an aseT Secvlaze uarisTqmis
Sesaxeb - masze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
181
T a v i
XII
warmomadgenloba sasamarTloSi
muxli 93. saqmis warmoeba
warmomadgenlis meSveobiT
1. moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT saqme awarmoon
sasamarTloSi piradad, xolo iuridiul pirebs an sxva organizaciebs _ im Tanamdebobis piris meSveobiT, romelsac wesdebiT an
debulebiT SeuZlia am iuridiuli pirisa
Tu organizaciis saxeliT imoqmedos.
2. mxareebs SeuZliaT agreTve saqme awarmoon sasamarTloSi warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. saqmis warmoeba warmomadgenlis meSveobiT ar arTmevs uflebas mxareebs TviTonac piradad miiRon monawileoba saqmeSi.
1. ssk 93-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi damkvidrebulia
principi, romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebs SeuZliaT saqme
awarmoon sasamarTloSi piradad anu warmomadgenlis
gareSe. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
saproceso kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs warmomadgenlis meSveobiT saqmis warmoebis savaldebulobas.
fizikuri piri piradad awarmoebs saqmes, Tu mas ar
hyavs warmomadgeneli.
aseve, iuridiuli piri piradad awarmoebs saqmes,
rodesac saqmes awarmoebs kanoniT an wesdebiT am iuridiuli piris warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT
aRWurvili Tanamdebobis piri. magaliTad, mewarmeTa
Sesaxeb kanonis 56.3-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `saaqcio sazogadoebas sasamarTloSi da sxva urTierTobebSi warmoadgenen direqtorebi~. aseT da sxva analogiur SemTxvevebSi iTvleba, rom iuridiuli pirebi (kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi sxva organizaciebic) sa182
183
li), organizaciis TanamSromlebs sWirdebaT mindobiloba, romelic damowmebuli unda iyos am organizaciis warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebiT aRWurvili
piris an organos mier (ssk 96-e muxli).
_ Tanamonawile SeiZleba iyos sxva TanamonawileTa
warmomadgeneli mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs
am sxva (danarCen) TanamonawileTa Tanxmoba amis Sesaxeb (ssk 86-e muxli), rac gaformebuli da dadasturebulia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (ssk 96-e muxli).
_ fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piris warmomadgenlad
pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi SeiZleba gamovides
nebismieri qmedunariani piri. garda qmedunarianobisa, aq raime sxva moTxovnebi gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris
es imas niSnavs, rom ar moiTxoveba umaRlesi iuridiuli ganaTlebac ki, rac esoden aucilebelia marwmuneblis kanonieri interesebis warmatebulad dacvisaTvis.
qmedunarianad iTvleba yoveli piri, romelic kanoniT dadgenili wesiT aRiarebuli ar aris qmeduunarod sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT (ssk 322 da 326-e muxlebi).
_ amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar dauSvas piri warmomadgenlad, Tu miiCnevs, rom mas ar
gaaCnia sakmarisi monacemebi imisaTvis, rom daicvas
mxaris uflebebi (ssk 97-e muxli). aseT `sakmaris monacemebSi,~ sxvadasxva garemoebebTan erTad, igulisxmeba, agreTve, warmomadgenlad arCeuli piris fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, romelic marTalia ar aris aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram aSkaraa, rom igi ver uwevs angariSs Tavis moqmedebas da
ar Seswevs unari gaiTvaliswinos am moqmedebis SesaZlo Sedegebi.
185
187
188
189
2. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac warmomadgenlis arakompetenturoba gairkva mas Semdeg, roca man ukve Seasrula garkveuli saproceso moqmedebebi, es Sesrulebuli moqmedebebi ZalaSi rCeba am warmomadgenlis daSvebaze uarisTqmis Semdegac.
3. aseTi ganCineba sasamarTlom SeiZleba miiRos maSinve, rogorc ki mas waredgineba piris warmomadgenlobiTi uflebamosilebis damadasturebeli dokumenti, agreTve saqmis warmoebis nebismier stadiaze. aRniSnuli ganCineba SeiZleba miRebul iqnes mxareTa Setyobinebis gareSe, xolo Tu aseTi ganCineba miRebulia
sasamarTlo sxdomaze maSin igi unda aisaxos sxdomis
oqmSi.
aseTi ganCinebis Sesaxeb unda ecnobos mxares, visi
uflebamosilebiTac gamodioda gadayenebuli warmomadgeneli, agreTve, TviT gadayenebul warmomadgenelsac.
amave ganCinebiT mxares unda ganemartos, rom mas
SeuZlia TviTon awarmoos saqme, an miandos saqmis warmoeba sxva warmomadgenels, risTvisac sasamarTlo
uniSnavs mas vadas da afrTxilebs, rom Tu am vadaSi ar
iqneba mis mier SerCeuli warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlo gaagrZelebs saqmis ganxilvas.17
piris warmomadgenlad daSvebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana
191
194
Tos sasamarTlos da marwmunebels werilobiTi gancxadebiT Tavis uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
aseTi uari mas SeuZlia ganacxados sasamarTlos sxdomazec, rac Seitaneba sxdomis oqmSi.
_ Tavis uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana, an sasamarTlos mosamzadebel Tu
mTavar sxdomaze aseTi gancxadebis gakeTeba jer kidev ar niSnavs warmomadgenlis uflebamosilebis Sewyvetas. marTalia, aseTi gancxadeba yovelTvis unda daakmayofilos sasamarTlom, radgan ar SeiZleba vaiZuloT piri gaswios warmomadgenloba, magram dros, roca warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs Sewyvitos procesSi
monawileoba,niSnavs sasamarTlo. dros sasamrTlo
niSnavs im varaudiT, rom marwmunebelma TviTon miiRos monawileoba procesSi an aiyvanos axali warmomadgeneli.
iseTi SemTxvevisagan gansxvavebiT, roca marwmunebeli uars ambobs warmomadgenelze, rac ver gaxdeba
saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, Tu warmomadgenlis mier uflebamosilebaze uaris Tqmas adgili
aqvs sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze, SeiZleba saWiro
gaxdes aRniSnuli sxdomis gadadeba im droiT, rac saWiro iqneba axali warmomadgenlis asayvanad, Tu amis
Sesaxeb survils gamoTqvams marwmunebeli da Tu am
drois manZilze igi ar aiyvans axal warmomadgenels,
sasamarTlos SeuZlia CaTvalos, rom marwmunebeli
(mxare) TviTon, piradad awarmoebs saqmes warmomadgenlis gareSe da ganixilos saqme saerTo wesiT.
aq miTiTebuli muxlebis analizidan SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna, rom sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos meurvisa da mzrunvelis mier sarCelze uaris Tqma, sarCelis cnoba an saqmis morigebiT damTavreba, Tu amis
Sesaxeb ar arsebobs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebis winaswari Tanxmoba, gamoxatuli werilobiTi
formiT.
kanoniT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SezRudvebis
farglebs gareT, rac qmeduunaro da SezRudulqmedunariani pirebis interesebis dacvisTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli, kanonier warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT Seasrulon yvela saproceso moqmedeba, romelTa Sesrulebis ufleba aqvT maT warmomdgenT.
3. ssk 101-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 nawilebiT gansazRvrulia, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeuZliaT warmomadgenlebad monawileobdnen procesSi pirebi, romlebsac samarTavad gadaecaT ugzo-ukvlod dakarguli pirebis
qoneba (ssk 320-e muxlis pirveli nawili), agreTve, samkvidro qonebis dacvisa da marTvisaTvis daniSnuli pirebi.
4. marTalia, ssk 101-e muxlis me-5 nawilis mixedviT,
kanonier warmomadgenels SeuZlia saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi miandos advokats, magram am muxliT dadgenili wesi unda gavigoT ufro farTod da aRvniSnoT,
rom mas SeuZlia saqmis warmoeba, garda advokatisa, miandos nebismier pirs, romelic SeiZleba gamovides
procesSi warmomadgenlad (ssk 94-e muxli).
_ sasamarTlo praqtikaSi adgili aqvs SemTxvevebs,
rodesac sarCeli aRiZvris qmeduunaro piris winaaRmdeg an qmeduunaro piris mier, romelsac ara hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos TviTon SeuZlia daniSnos droebiTi saproceso
warmomadgeneli (ssk 82-e muxli).
199
kari mesame
sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebi
T a v i
XIII
ssk me-4 muxlis pirvel nawilSi romlis Tanaxmad, mxareebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebs an romeli mtkicebulebebiT unda dadasturdes es faqtebi (ix. am muxlis komentari).
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mxareebma TavianTi moTxovnebisa Tu Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis miuTiTon
iseT faqtebsa da garemoebebze, romlebsac sinamdvileSi araviTari mniSvneloba ar gaaCniaT maTi dasabuTebisaTvis. magaliTad, mosarCele, romelic moiTxovs
mopasuxisagan sesxis saxiT gacemuli Tanxis ukan dabrunebas, am moTxovnas asabuTebs aramarto imiT, rom
man sesxis saxiT namdvilad gadasca garkveuli Tanxa
mopasuxes, romlis dabrunebis vada ukve dadga, aramed imiTac, rom am sesxis dabrunebas misTvis aqvs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, radgan aRmoCnda mZime ekonomikur mdgomareobaSi, ris dasadasturebladac igi
Suamdgomlobs sasamrTlos winaSe dakiTxon mowmeebi.
valdebulebis Sesruleba ar aris damokidebuli kreditoris ekonomikur mdgomareobaze. valdebuleba unda Sesruldes, Tu igi namdvilad arsebobs, miuxedavad kreditoris ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa. amitom,
aseTi faqtis damtkicebas ara aqvs mniSvneloba.
aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna: sasamarTlom konkretul saqmeze mtkicebis sagnis gansazRvris dros unda ixelmZRvanelos mxareTa mier
sarCelisa da Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis miTiTebuli faqtebiT, magram Tu am faqtebs Soris aris iseTi
faqtebi, romlebsac kanonis Tanaxmad ara aqvT raime
mniSvneloba am moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis dasabuTebisaTvis, e. i. iuridiulad ver amarTleben am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlom ar unda Seitanos aseTi faqtebi
mtkicebis saganSi da ar unda miiRos mtkicebulebebi
maT dasadastureblad.
_ ssk 102-e muxlis pirveli nawili Seicavs mxareTa
Soris mtkicebis tvirTis (movaleobis) ganawilebis
zogad wess: mosarCelem unda daamtkicos garemoebe201
bi, romlebzec igi amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas, xolo mopasuxem _ garemoebebi, romlebzec igi amyarebs Tavis
Sesagebels.
amrigad, mtkicebis tvirTi erTnairad ekisreba mxareebs da es tvirTi Tanabrad nawildeba maT Soris.
xSirad, miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romelma mxarem romeli faqtebi unda daamtkicos, gansazRvravs materialur-samarTlebrivi normebi.
magaliTad, samoqalaqo kodeqsis 158-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, ivaraudeba, rom nivTis mflobeli aris misi mesakuTre. Tu aramflobelma mesakuTrem aRZra vindikaciuri sarCeli mflobelis mimarT
nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, maSin man unda daamtkicos,
rom igi aris sadavo nivTis mesakuTre, e. i. am faqtis
mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mosarCeles, radgan mopasuxe ivaraudeba mesakuTred. magram, Tu mosarCelem
daamtkica Tavisi sakuTreba sadavo nivTze, maSin mopasuxem unda daamtkicos, rom igi flobs sadavo nivTs
kanonis safuZvelze. samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli prezumfciis (varaudis) saproceso
mniSvneloba mTlianad amoiwureba mxareTa Soris mtkicebis tvirTis ganawilebiT. mtkicebis tvirTis mxareTa Soris ganawileba materialuri samarTlis sxvadasxva institutebidan gamomdinare sarCelebSi, pirdapir an arapirdapir regulirdeba kanoniT, rac saSualebas miscems sasamarTlos zustad gansazRvros, Tu
romeli faqtebi ganekuTvneba sarCelis safuZvelSi
Semaval faqtebs, romlebic mosarCelem unda daamtkicos da romeli faqtebi ganekuTvneba Sesageblis safuZvels, romlebic mopasuxem unda daamtkicos.
magaliTad, mosarCele mopasuxisagan moiTxovs garkveuli Tanxis dakisrebas im safuZvliT, rom man sesxad gadasca mas es Tanxa da dadga misi dabrunebis dro,
magram mopasuxe ar abrunebs Tanxas. mosarCelem unda
daamtkicos sesxis micemis faqti, sesxis dabrunebis
vadis dadgomis faqti, magram igi ar aris valdebuli,
daadasturos mtkicebulebebiT (daamtkicos), rom mo202
203
Ti masalebi ama Tu im saministrodan; b) mxareebma mimarTes sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT, rom man gamoiyenos Tavisi avtoriteti da TviTon gamoiTxovos es
mtkicebulebebi.
cxadia, rom mxare, romelic aseTi SuamdgomlobiT
mimarTavs sasamarTlos, valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu
konkretulad romeli faqtis dadasturebisaTvis
sWirdeba mas es mtkicebuleba (ssk104-e muxli).
3. ssk 102-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi CamoTvlili mtkicebulebebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli da mtkicebis damoukidebeli saSualebebia. kanoni zustad da
amomwuravad gansazRvravs maTi miRebis, Segrovebisa da Semowmebis wesebs. sasamarTlo valdebulia zustad daicvas es wesebi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mtkicebulebas ar SeiZleba raime mniSvneloba mieniWos _
igi ver iqneba gamoyenebuli rogorc mtkicebuleba.
magaliTad, mowme unda gamoiZaxos da dakiTxos saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom (ssk 145-e muxli), magram Tu mowme dakiTxa TviTon dainteresebulma mxarem an misma warmomadgenelma da dakiTxvis masalebi
warudgines sasamarTlos, es iqneba kanonis darRveviT mopovebuli mtkicebuleba, romelic ar unda miiRos da Seafasos sasamarTlom.
205
1. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi xSirad SevxvdebiT saqmeebs, romlebic gadatvirTulia iseTi masalebiT, romlebsac am saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvT. es drois unayofod xarjvaa da sakmaod
arTulebs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa dasabuTebulobis Semowmebis SesaZleblobas zemdgomi sasamarTlo instanciebis mier.
sasamarTlom unda miiRos mxolod iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic saqmes exeba da romelsac SeuZlia daadasturos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoeba.
_ mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principis konkretuli gamovlinebaa wesi, romlis Tanaxmad, werilobiTi sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu romeli garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT (ssk 134-e muxlis me-3 nawili). igive wesia Camoyalibebuli sxva saxis
mtkicebulebaTa mimarT (140-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
_ erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadoba da mtkicebulebaTa utyaroba
(sarwmunooba). mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadoba uzrunvelyofs saWiro da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone mtkicebulebebis Segrovebas, zedmeti da gamousadegari mtkicebulebebis Segrovebaze da Semowmebaze
drois fuWad xarjvis Tavidan acilebas. gankuTvnadia
mxolod iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelic mimarTulia
saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ama Tu im garemoebis
dadasturebisaken. sxva sakiTxia, rom gankuTvnadi da
sworad miRebuli mtkicebuleba SemdgomSi Semowmebisa da Sefasebis Sedegad ar aRmoCnda utyuari da sarwmuno. aseT mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlo ver daeyrdnoba ara imitom, rom isini ar aris gankuTvnadi, aramed
imitom, rom isini ar aris sarwmuno da utyuari.
_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia saqmidan amoiRos SecdomiT
miRebuli aragankuTvnadi mtkicebuleba, magram is ver
amoiRebs saqmidan iseT mtkicebulebas, romelic gankuTvnadia, magram ar aris sarwmuno.
2. sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi mtkicebulebis miReba206
ze an gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis an kidev, SecdomiT miRebuli mtkicebulebis saqmidan amoRebis Sesaxeb, miTiTebuli unda iyos faqtze (faqtebze), romlis dasadasturebladac es mtkicebulebaa wardgenili da romelsac am saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis aranairi
mniSvneloba ara aqvs. magaliTad, sasamarTlom ar miiRo an saqmidan amoiRo mravalricxovani cnobebi, rekomendaciebi da daxasiaTebebi, romlebic marTalia
dadebiTad axasiaTeben mxaris pirovnebas, magram araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvT im sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, unda daekisros Tu ara am mxares valis gadaxda,
zianis anazRaureba da a. S. mowinaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod.
ganvasxvavoT mtkicebulebaTa dasaSveboba da maTi winaswar dadgenili Zala. dasaSveboba niSnavs mxolod
imas, rom ama Tu im faqtis dasadastureblad daiSveba
ara yvela, aramed mxolod zogierTi mtkicebuleba (ssk
104-e muxlis pirveli nawili). winaswar dadgenili Zala ki niSnavs imas, rom ama Tu im mtkicebulebis mniSvneloba winaswaraa gansazRvruli da misi Zala da mniSvneloba sasamarTlos Sefasebaze ar aris damokidebuli. cxadia, aseTi ram dauSvebelia, radgan igi mTlianad SeuTavsebelia mtkicebulebaTa Tavisufali Sefasebis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principTan. aqedan gamomdinare, dasaSvebi mtkicebuleba SeiZleba
uaryos sasamarTlom, rogorc arasarwmuno.
2. mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlo afasebs Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT, magram es imas rodi niSnavs, rom saqmeSi
monawile pirebs ar SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi maT Sesaxeb. samarTalwarmoeba mimdinareobs SejibrebiTobis safuZvelze da aqedan gamomdinare, mxareebs ufleba aqvT uaryon an gaaqarwylon meore mxaris mier wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi, mosazrebebi
Tu mtkicebulebebi (ssk me-4 muxli). saqmeSi arsebuli
mtkicebulebebis sarwmunoobisa Tu arasarwmunoobis,
maTi utyuarobisa Tu siyalbis Sesaxeb mosazrebebi SeiZleba gamoTqvan aramarto mxareebma, aramed mesame
pirebmac damoukidebeli moTxovniT an aseTi moTxovnis gareSe, agreTve, warmomadgenlebma, specialistebma da eqspertebma, Tu isini monawileoben procesSi.
saqmeSi monawile pirTa mosazrebebi, mniSvnelovania sasamarTlosaTvis, romelic sabolood afasebs
warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs.
_ mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebas sasamarTlo axdens ori
TvalsazrisiT: _ maTi sarwmunoobisa Tu arasarwmunoobis TvalsazrisiT da imisda mixedviT Tu saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romel
faqts adasturebs es mtkicebuleba.
mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba mosamarTlis Sinagani
rwmeniT ar niSnavs sruliad uangariSgebo daskvne208
bis gakeTebis uflebas. sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos mosazrebaze, ris gamoc man
zogierTi mtkicebuleba cno utyuarad, xolo sxvebi _
arasarwmunod (ssk 249-e muxlis me-4 nawili).
sakasacio sasamarTlo, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu masSi ar aris miTiTebuli ra
mosazrebiT xelmZRvanelobda sasamarTlo, roca saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebuleba Seafasa ase da ara sxvanairad.18
gv.365
209
1. mtkicebis saganSi Semavali yoveli faqti, e. i. faqtebi, romlebic asabuTeben mosarCelis moTxovnas da
mopasuxis Sesagebels, unda damtkicdes, dadasturdes.
gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens zogierTi faqti, romelic Tumca Sedis mtkicebis saganSi, radgan asabuTebs,
amarTlebs faqtobrivad mosarCelis moTxovnas an mopasuxis Sesagebels, magram garkveuli mosazrebebis gamo ar saWiroebs damtkicebas da amitom, mxareebi Tavisufldebian mtkicebulebaTa wardgenisagan.
aseTi faqtebis wres ganekuTvneba:
a) sayovelTaod cnobili faqtebi. ar aris aucilebeli, rom faqtis arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb mTelma kacobriobam icodes. faqti SeiZleba cnobili iyos
mTeli qveynis, qalaqis an raionis masStabiT, magaliTad,
miwisZvra, wyaldidoba, omi da a. S. mTavaria, rom faqtis
Sesaxeb icodes aramarto saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom, aramed adamianTa farTo wremac, raTa zemdgomi
instanciis sasamarTlos SeeZlos faqtis sayovelTaod
cnobilad aRiarebis sisworis Semowmeba.
faqti SeiZleba sayovelTaod cnobilad da maSasadame, dadgenilad CaTvalos zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlomac, romelic ganixilavs saCivars qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze, romelic emyareba sayovelTaod cnobil faqts.
b) preiudiciulad dadgenili faqtebi iseTi faqtebia, romlebic dadgenilia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT, oRond erTi aucilebeli pirobiT _ sxva samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvaSi igive
pirebi, e. i. igive mosarCele, igive mopasuxe, an igive
mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT monawileobs.
aqedan gamomdinare, Tu erT-erTi mxare mainc sxva piria, gadawyvetilebas ar SeiZleba hqondes preiudiciuli Zala da am gadawyvetilebiT dadgenili faqtebi
ver daedeba safuZvlad sxva saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas. es imas niSnavs, rom, aseT SemTxvevaSi, igive faqtebi, rac dadgenilia sxva saqmeze adre gamota-
210
211
2. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebaSi mokled unda Camoyalibdes gansaxilveli saqmis Sinaarsi, dasadgeni garemoeba da mtkicebulebani, romlebic unda Seagrovos (Seamowmos) davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom, agreTve davalebis Sesrulebis vada.
3. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa da igi unda
Sesruldes daniSnul vadaSi.
1. sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb ganCineba SeiZleba
gamotanil iqnes mxolod ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas: a) mtkicebuleba, romlis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb
Suamdgomlobs mxare, sxva qalaqSi an raionSia da b) misi
warmodgena (gadmogzavna) Znelia an SeuZlebelia.
sasamarTlo davalebiT SeiZleba moxdes: a) mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlosaTvis maTi Semdgomi gadmogzavnis mizniT (magaliTad,
mowmis dakiTxva, mxareebisgan an mesame pirebisagan axsna-ganmartebis miReba da a. S.); b) mtkicebulebaTa Semowmeba, kerZod, maTi adgilze daTvaliereba.
2. ssk 107-e muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs davalebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo ganCinebis Sinaarss, magram
imisda mixedviT, Tu rogoria davalebis xasiaTi, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos sxva damatebiTi garemoebebic. magaliTad, Tu mxarisagan misaRebia axsnaganmarteba, sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi unda miuTiTos misi misamarTi, Tu mowmea dasakiTxi, miTiTebuli unda iqnes misi misamarTi, xolo Tu Casatarebelia
adgilze daTvaliereba, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos mxareTa misamarTebi da a. S.
amrigad, ganCineba sasamarTlo davalebis Sesaxeb
unda Seicavdes yvela im monacems, rac SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes davalebis Sesasruleblad. mxedvelobaSia
misaRebi is garemoeba, rom sasamarTlo davalebis dros
saproceso moqmedebas asrulebs ara is sasamarTlo,
212
romelic ixilavs saqmes, aramed sxva sasamarTlo. sxvagvarad, rom vTqvaT, saproceso moqmedeba, Tu arsebobs amis realuri SesaZlebloba, unda Sesruldes iseve, rogorc mas Seasrulebda saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlo (ssk 108-e muxli).
sasamarTlo davalebiT Sesasrulebeli saproceso
moqmedeba unda Sesruldes davalebis mimcemi sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. vada ki unda iyos gonivrulad gansazRvruli _ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra
xasiaTisaa Sesasrulebeli saproceso moqmedeba.
3. marTalia, davalebis Sesruleba savaldebuloa,
magram ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sasamarTlo ama Tu im
mizezis gamo ver Seasrulebs am davalebas, an Seasrulebs, magram ara im vadaSi, romelic dauniSna mas davalebis mimcemma sasamarTlom.
Tu sasamarTlo daniSnul droSi an saerTod ver asrulebs davalebas, amis Sesaxeb man droulad unda acnobos davalebis mimcem sasamarTlos, romelic an sxva
sasamarTlos daavalebs saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas, an TviTon Seasrulebs mas.
valebis Semsrulebel mosamarTles, gamocxaddebian saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTloSi, isini axsna-ganmartebebsa da Cvenebebs
miscemen saerTo wesiT.
1. ssk 108-e muxliT gansazRvrulia sasamarTlo davalebis Sesrulebis wesi. mxolod adgilze daTvalierebis dros evaleba davalebis Semsrulebel mosamarTles acnobos amis Sesaxeb mxareebs. sxva saproceso
moqmedebis Sesrulebis dros, magaliTad, mowmis dakiTxvisas, ssk 108-e muxli ar iTvaliswinebs mxareTa
Setyobinebas. miuxedavad amisa, sasurvelia, rom davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom yvela saproceso moqmedeba Seasrulos saproceso kanonmdeblobiT
dadgenili wesiT, ra Tqma unda, Tu amis realuri SesaZlebloba arsebobs.
davalebis Semsrulebelma sasamarTlom mxareebis,
mowmeebis, mesame pirebis, specialistebis Tu eqspertebis gamoZaxeba unda awarmoos sasamarTlo uwyebiT,
ssk 70-78-e muxlebis Sesabamisad.
2. davalebis mimcemma, anu saqmis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda acnobos im
pirebsac, romlebmac ukve misces Cveneba Tu axsna-ganmarteba davalebis Semsrulebel sasamarTlos. amis aucilebloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom maT SeuZliaT axsna-ganmarteba da Cveneba miscen ganmeorebiT da saerTo wesis dacviT.
3. sasamarTlo davalebis micema sazRvargareTis
qveynebis sasamarTloebisaTvis wesrigdeba `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 62-64-e muxlebiT.
214
T a v i
XIV
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa
muxli 109. Suamdgomloba
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb
1. im pirs, romelsac safuZveli aqvs ifiqros, rom misTvis saWiro mtkicebulebaTa
wardgena SemdgomSi SeuZlebeli an Zneli
gaxdeba, SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos am
mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa.
2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa dasaSvebia sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramdec.
1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelis uzrunvelyofisagan. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis mizania momavali gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa (ssk 191-e muxli), mtkicebulebaTa
uzrunvelyofis mizani ki saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis uzrunvelyofaa.
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis aucilebloba
SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizezebiT iyos ganpirobebuli
(mag. mowmis xangrZlivi vadiT wasvla mivlinebaSi an samuSaod sxva qveyanaSi), romlebic miTiTebuli unda
iyos dainteresebuli mxaris gancxadebaSi (ssk 112-e
muxlis `g~ qvepunqti).
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa gansxvavdeba sasamarTlo davalebisagan. sasamarTlo davalebiT xdeba mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba im SemTxvevaSi, roca maTi wardgena da Semowmeba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTloSi Znelia an SeuZlebelia (ssk 107e muxli).
sasamarTlo davalebis wesiT SeiZleba moxdes mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofac.
215
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze. saqmis mTavar sxdomaze arsebiTad ganxilvis dros sasamarTlo isedac valdebulia Seamowmos da Seafasos mtkicebulebebi, Tumca ar
aris gamoricxuli mTavar sxdomazec daisvas es sakiTxi (ssk 111-e muxli), rac sasamarTlom unda ganixilos
da gadawyvitos ssk 215-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT
(ix. am muxlis komentari).
2. Tu mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofa unda moxdes
sasamarTloSi saqmis aRZvramde, maSin dainteresebul
pirs SeuZlia gancxadebiT mimarTos im sasamarTlos,
romlis teritoriazec unda Sesruldes saproceso
moqmedeba uzrunvelyofis mizniT, anu im sasamarTlos, romlis teritoriazec imyofeba uzrunvelsayofi mtkicebuleba (ssk 110-e muxli).
resebul pirs SeuZlia mimarTos im raionis (qalaqis)sasamarTlos an am raionis (qalaqis) magistrat mosamarTles, romlis samoqmedo teritoriazec unda moxdes
saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba (mag. mowmis dakiTxva, adgilze daTvaliereba da a. S.). sarCelis aRZvris
Semdeg mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT Sekrebili masalebi gadaegzavneba saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos (ssk 116-e muxli). gadagzavna SeiZleba moxdes rogorc mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos
iniciativiTac.
218
samarTlom unda Seatyobinos mxareebs. swored amitomaa, rom gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos mxareebi
da maTi misamarTebi, magram Tu uzrunvelyofa sarCelis aRZvramde unda ganxorcieldes, maSin gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos Sesabamisi mxare da misi misamarTi, romlis winaaRmdegac mosarCele apirebs sarCelis aRZvras.
_ mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis mizniT sasamarTlom SeiZleba Seasrulos sxvadasxva moqmedeba, kerZod, dakiTxos mowme, daaTvalieros nivTieri mtkicebuleba, daniSnos eqsperti da sxva. yvela es saproceso moqmedeba unda Sesruldes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia mowmis dakiTxvisaTvis, adgilze daTvalierebisaTvis, eqspertis daniSvnisaTvis da a. S. (ssk 113-e muxli), garda im gamonaklisebisa, rac gaTvaliswinebulia ssk 116-e muxliT (ix. am
muxlis komentari).
_ xarjebi, rac aucilebelia mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad, winaswar Seaqvs mxares, romelic amas
moiTxovs (ssk 52-e da 118-e muxlebi).
_ Tu gancxadeba mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis
Sesaxeb ar pasuxobs am muxliT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ssk 185-e muxlis analogiiT misces vada ganmcxadebels xarvezis Sesavsebad.
cxadia, rom sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar gamoiyenos kanonis analogia da gamoitanos ganCineba mtkicebulebis
uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (ssk 119-e muxli).
2. saproceso moqmedeba, rac saWiroa mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad, unda Sesruldes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.
1. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi konkretulad unda mieTiTos im saproceso moqmedebaze, romelic unda Sesruldes. magaliTad, daikiTxos mowme, miRebuli iqnes axsna-ganmarteba mopasuxisagan, dainiSnos eqspertiza, Catardes daTvaliereba, mowveul iqnes specialisti (ssk 123-e muxli) da
a. S.
2. mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli moqmedeba, magaliTad, mowmis dakiTxva, eqspertizis daniSvna, werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis daTvaliereba unda Sesruldes
ise, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs ssk-is Sesabamisi muxlebi gamonaklisebis garda, rac gaTvaliswinebulia
114-e 116-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
222
da romelTanac inaxeba Sesabamisi oqmebi da sxva masalebi, unda gadaugzavnos (gadasces) isini saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos. aseTi gadagzavna SeiZleba moxdes dainteresebuli mxaris SuamdgomlobiT, agreTve.
TviT saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos iniciativiT.
226
T a v i
XV
adgilze daTvaliereba
muxli 120. nivTieri da werilobiTi
mtkicebulebebis adgilze
daTvaliereba
sasamarTlos, mxareTa moTxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia daadginos im nivTieri da werilobiTi mtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba da gamokvleva, romelTa wardgenac sasamarTloSi ama Tu im
mizezis gamo SeuZlebelia.
_ SeiZleba moxdes mxolod nivTieri an werilobiTi
mtkicebulebebis adgilze daTvaliereba da mxolod
im SemTxvevaSi, roca maTi sasamarTloSi wardgena Znelia an SeuZlebeli (ssk 138-e da 159-e muxlebi). sasamarTloSi mtkicebulebaTa wardgenis SeuZlebloba an
siZnele SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizezebiT iyos ganpirobebuli. magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli naTesebis dazianebiT miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb. cxadia, rom sasamarTloSi miwis nakveTis wardgena, romelzec ganlagebulia naTesebi, SeuZlebelia. an kidev, Tu
dasadgenia didi odenobiT tvirTis dazianebis faqti,
romlis sasamarTloSi wardgena Znelia da dakavSirebulia did xarjebTan. igive SeiZleba iTqvas werilobiT mtkicebulebebzec, Tu maTi raodenoba Zalian didia, maTi sasamarTloSi wardgena gamoiwvevs sawarmos
muSaobis CaSlas, magaliTad, rodesac Sesamowmebelia
sabuRaltro wignebi da a. S.
_ adgilze daTvaliereba SeiZleba moxdes rogorc
mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT, ise sasamarTlos iniciativiT.
_ mxareTa Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb motivirebuli unda iyos, e. i. masSi
227
buli unda iqnes saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli saqmis ganxilvis gaWianureba
(ssk 203-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `e~ qvepunqti). adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb mxareTa mier dagvianebiT aRZrul Suamdgomlobas sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebs, Tu ar arsebobs aseTi dagvianebis sapatio mizezi (ssk 215-e muxli).
_ adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos mier mTavar sxdomaze gamotanili ganCineba
imaze miuTiTebs, rom saqme Tavis droze ar iyo srulyofilad momzadebuli.
2. mxareebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis monawileobas mtkicebulebaTa adgilze daTvalierebaSi udavod
aqvs garkveuli mniSvneloba: maT SeuZliaT mosamarTlis yuradReba miaqcion dasaTvalierebeli nivTebis
Tu werilobiTi masalebis ama Tu im mxaresa da Tvisebaze. maT monawileobas mniSvneloba aqvs, agreTve adgilze daTvalierebis srulyofilad Catarebis damajereblobisaTvis. amitom, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT
Setyobinebis gagzavna saWiroa. daTvaliereba aucilebelia Sedges da igi ar unda gadaidos, Tu aseTi
Setyobinebis miuxedavad, mxareebi da maTi warmomadgenlebi ar gamocxaddnen daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad.
3. mowmeebis gamoZaxeba daTvalierebaSi monawileobis misaRebad SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
maT SeuZliaT raime daxmareba gauwion mosamarTles
daTvalierebis srulyofilad CatarebaSi. magaliTad,
mowmeebad dasaxelebul pirebs, romlebic eswrebodnen an TviTon uSualod monawileobdnen avtotransportiT gadmogzavnili tvirTis gadmozidvaSi, SeuZliaT mosamarTlis yuradReba miaqcion imas, Tu rogor
iyo ganlagebuli es tvirTi da saidan SeiZleboda momxdariyo maTi dazianeba.
4. adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari ar daiSveba. adgilze daTvalierebis Catarebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
229
sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, romelic ganxiluli unda iqnes ssk 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
230
231
233
T a v i XVI
mxareTa axsna-ganmarteba
muxli 127. mxareTa axsna-ganmartebis
miReba
1. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenis procesi iwyeba mxareTa (mesame pirTa, TanamonawileTa, kanonismier warmomadgenelTa) axsna-ganmartebis miRebiT:
mxareebi iZlevian axsna-ganmartebebs maTTvis cnobili da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis
mqone garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.
2. sasamarTlos nebarTviT TiToeul mxares SeuZlia SekiTxva misces mowinaaRmdege
mxares da mis warmomadgenels. Tu SekiTxva
uadgiloa an Seuferebelia da ar emsaxureba saqmis garemoebebis gamokvlevasa da
dadgenas, sasamarTlos, mxaris TxovniT an
Tavisi iniciativiT, SeuZlia moxsnas aseTi
SekiTxva. SekiTxvis CaTvla Seusabamod an
uadgilod da misi moxsna SeuZlia mosamarTles erTpirovnulad, xolo roca saqmes kolegiuri sasamarTlo ixilavs, maSin _
sxdomis Tavmjdomares.
1. mxare _ es aris piri, romelic sadavo samarTlebrivi urTierTobis uSualo monawilea. amitom, man yvelaze kargad unda icodes im garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmisaTvis. am mosazrebiT
xelmZRvanelobs kanonmdebeli, rodesac mxareTa axsna-ganmartebas Tvlis mtkicebis erT-erT damoukidebel da mniSvnelovan wyarod (ssk 102-e muxlis
me _ 2 nawili).
_ erTmaneTisagan unda gavmijnoT mxareTa axsnaganmartebis is nawili, romelic moTxovnis Camoyalibebas, dazustebas, Tu dakonkretebas emsaxureba da
234
SeuZlia Seasrulos mxaris, rogorc mtkicebulebis wyaros funqcia, iseve rogorc ar SeuZlia Seasrulos mowmis funqcia. ufro metic, igi ar SeiZleba daikiTxos rogorc mowme iseTi garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis
cnobili gaxda warmomadgenelis movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT (ssk 141-e muxli).
2. mxaris mier axsna _ ganmartebis micemis Semdeg,
mas SeiZleba SekiTxvebi misces mowinaaRmdege mxarem.
SekiTxvis micema dasaSvebia mxolod sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis an sasamarTlo sxdomis Tavmjdomaris) nebarTviT. amasTan erTad, sasamarTlos evaleba ganuxrelad daicvas SekiTxvebis micemis ssk 127 _ e muxlis
meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesi, kerZod, ar dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema misi nebarTvis gareSe da moxsnas nebismieri SekiTxva, Tu igi ar emsaxureba saqmis
faqtobrivi garemoebis garkvevas.
am wesis daucveloba zogjer iwvevs dausrulebel SekiTxvebs, saqmis ganxilvis uzomod gaWianurebas da arcTu iSviaTad, urTierTSeuracxyofas. sasamarTlom
unda uxelmZRvanelos sxdomas da misi nebarTvis gareSe ar unda dauSvas SekiTxvebis micema, xolo Tu aseTi
SekiTxva mainc misces mxareebma erTmaneTs, sasamarTlom
dauyovnebliv unda aRkveTos maTi aseTi moqmedeba.
bis sagnis anu im garemoebebis srulad da zustad gansazRvra, romlebzec mosarCele da mopasuxe amyareben TavianT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels. marTalia, mxareebi TviTonve gansazRvraven, Tu romeli faqtebi unda daedos safuZvlad maT moTxovnebsa da Sesagebels,
magram, Tu mxareebi miuTiTeben iseT garemoebebze,
romlebic iuridiulad ver amarTleben am moTxovnebs
(Sesagebels), sasamarTlom dro ar unda dakargos aseTi garemoebebis dadgenisaTvis. mtkicebis sagani sabolood unda dazustdes da dakonkretdes mxareTa
axsna-ganmartebebisa da maTTvis SekiTxvebis micemis
meSveobiT; b) yvela im mtkicebulebis gamovlena, romlebic, marTalia ar aris wardgenili sasamarTloSi,
magram romlebic SeiZleba gaaCndeT mxareebs, agreTve, wardgenil mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobisa da gankuTvnadobis (mniSvnelobis) sakiTxebis garkveva, aseve is, aris Tu ara mtkicebis saganSi Semavali yvela garemoebis dasadastureblad wardgenili Sesabamisi
mtkicebuleba da romeli mxarea valdebuli aseTi
mtkicebuleba waradginos; g) ramdenad sarwmuno da
utyuaria wardgenili mtkicebulebebi.
sasamarTlom mxareTa winaSe SeiZleba dasvas sxva
sakiTxebic, romlebsac mniSvneloba aqvT saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis (ssk 218-e muxli).
_ saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palata did mniSvnelobas aniWebs sasamarTloebis mier
am muxliT miniWebuli uflebis efeqtianad gamoyenebis aucileblobas da auqmebs gadawyvetilebas dausabuTeblobis motiviT, rac gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom
sasamarTloebma ar dausves Sesabamisi SekiTxvebi mxareebs, romlebic xels Seuwyobdnen rogorc saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis (mtkicebis sagnis) srulad da zustad gansazRvras,
ise Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis gamovlenas20.
20
237
iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva pirisagan, SeiZleba axsna-ganmartebis miReba, roca igi mxared gvevlineba saqmeSi.
saidumloebis dacvasTan dakavSirebiT, pirvel rigSi, gasaTvaliswinebelia moTxovnebi, romlebsac Seicavs saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo saidumloebis
Sesaxeb~, romelic aregulirebs informaciis saxelmwifo saidumloebad miCnevasTan, mis gasaidumloebasa
da dacvasTan dakavSirebul samarTlebriv urTierTobebs Tavdacvis, ekonomikis, sagareo urTierTobebis,
dazvervis, saxelmwifo uSiSroebisa da marTlwesrigis dacvis sferoebSi. es kanoni gansazRvravs, Tu ra
xasiaTis informacia ganekuTvneba saxelmwifo saidumloebas da ra xasiaTis informacia ar miiCneva saxelmwifo saidumloebad (am kanonis me-7 da me-8 muxlebi).
saidumloebis dacvis valdebulebebs Seicavs sxva
kanonebic. magaliTad, `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-18.2 muxlis Tanaxmad, `sazogadoebis
organoebis sxdomaTa Sinaarsi da Sedegebi konfidencialuria, Tu ki es Sedegebi ar eqvemdebareba gamoqveynebas, an Tu sazogadoebis wesdeba sxva rames ar iTvaliswinebs~.
`notariatis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-9 muxlis 1 punqtis Tanaxmad, `notariusi movalea saidumlod Seinaxos cnobebi, romelic misTvis cnobili gaxda samsaxurebriv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT. es movaleoba ZalaSi rCeba notariusis samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis Semdegac~.
saidumloebis dacvis valdebuleba SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iyos sxva kanonebiTac.
mxare amyarebs Tavis moTxovnas an Sesagebels. maSasadame, faqts, romelic unda daedasturebina erT mxares, adasturebs misi mowinaaRmdege mxare. swored
amitom, aRiareba, rogorc mtkicebuleba, iTvleba utyuar mtkicebulebad, radgan igi gakeTebulia mowinaaRmdege mxaris sasargeblod da amRiareblis interesebis sawinaaRmdegod.
_ `rac Seexeba valis odenobis sakiTxs _ naTqvamia
sakasacio sasamarTlos erT-erT ganCinebaSi _ m.z-ianis mier 7000 amerikuli dolaris sesxebis faqts, aRniSnuli dadasturebulia mis mier micemuli axsna-ganmartebiT. ssk 131-e muxlis Tanaxmad ki, erTi mxaris
mier iseTi garemoebis arsebobis an ararsebobis dadastureba (aRiareba), romelzedac meore mxare amyarebs
Tavis moTxovnas da Sesagebels, sasamarTlom SeiZleba sakmao mtkicebulebad CaTvalos da safuZvlad daudos gadawyvetilebas~.21
_ faqtis aRiareba unda ganvasxvavoT sarCelis
aRiarebisagan (me 3-e da 208-e muxlebi). sarCelis aRiareba _ es aris mxaris mier Tavisi uflebis gankargvis
aqti. sarCelis aRiarebis dros, amRiarebeli mxare
cnobs sasarCelo moTxovnis marTlzomierebas da aseT
SemTxvevaSi mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba, Semowmeba da
Sefaseba aRar aris saWiro. mopasuxe acxadebs, rom
cnobs sarCels da valdebulia daakmayofilos mosarCelis moTxovnebi.
faqtis aRiarebis dros ki mxare cnobs mxolod romelime faqtobriv garemoebas, magram ara sarCels. magaliTad, mopasuxem cno, rom man marTlac aiRo sesxi
mosarCelisagan, magram daabruna vali, an Seasrula mosarCelis sasargeblod samuSao, romlis Rirebuleba
unda CaiTvalos valSi da a.S.
21
241
zepir ganxilvaSi, mas SeuZlia werilobiTi formiT warudginos sasamarTlos Tavisi aRiareba faqtis Sesaxeb.
(monaTxovrem) aRiara, rom man marTla inaTxovra sadavo nivTi, magram uvadod da amitom araa valdebuli daubrunos igi mosarCeles. Semdeg mopasuxem ganacxada,
rom faqtis aseTi aRiareba iyo Secdoma, radgan man nivTi saCuqrad momca da ara naTxovrobiT. Secdoma gamowveuli iyo misi iuridiuli gaunaTleblobiT; 2) mas
daemuqra mowinaaRmdege mxare samsaxuridan daTxovniT an mis Sesaxeb iseTi cnobebis gavrcelebiT, romelic laxavs mis pativsa da Rirsebas (fsiqikuri zemoqmedeba); 3) mas scemes da daemuqrnen fizikuri ganadgurebiT (fizikuri zemoqmedeba).
amrigad, faqtis aRiareba unda gamoxatavdes amRiareblis Tavisufal nebas da Tu amRiarebeli daamtkicebs, rom aseTi neba sinamdvileSi gamoricxuli iyo _
aRiareba gaqarwyldeba.
2. sasamarTlo ver Semoifargleba mxolod imaze miTiTebiT, rom mxarem uaryo Tavisi aRiareba. man Tavis
gadawyvetilebaSi unda miuTiTos, Tu ratom, am muxlis pirvel nawilSi miTiTebuli romeli garemoebis safuZvelze uaryo mxaris aRiareba.
244
T a v i
XVII
werilobiTi mtkicebuleba
muxli 134. werilobiTi
mtkicebulebebi da maTi wardgenis
wesi
1. werilobiT mtkicebulebebs warmoadgens aqtebi, sabuTebi, saqmiani da piradi
xasiaTis werilebi, romlebic Seicavs cnobebs saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovan garemoebaTa
Sesaxeb.
2. werilobiT mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi. Tu mxarem ver
SeZlo werilobiTi mtkicebulebaTa miReba
im pirisagan, visTanac es mtkicebulebebi
imyofeba, mas SeuZlia iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa sasamarTlom gamoiTxovos isini.
3. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri valdebulia miuTiTos, Tu saqmis ra
mniSvnelovani garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT da ras efuZneba misi
varaudi, rom mtkicebuleba mis mier miTiTebuli piris xelTaa.
4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze uaris Tqma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos Tavis ganCinebaSi, romelic calke
ar gasaCivrdeba.
1. werilobiTia mtkicebuleba, romelic werilobiTi niSnebis gamoyenebiT Seicavs cnobebs saqmisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis Sesaxeb. amiT igi gansxvavdeba nivTieri mtkicebulebebisagan, romlebic
Tavisi TvisebiT an xarisxiT Seicaven aseT cnobebs
(154-e muxli).
245
werilobiTi mtkicebuleba sxvadasxva saxisa da sxvadasxva formis SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad: a) saqmiani Tu
piradi werilebi, xelwerilebi da ubralo werilobiTi
formiT Sedgenili dokumentebi; b) oficialuri formisa da Sinaarsis aqtebi (magaliTad, dabadebis mowmoba, qorwinebis mowmoba da a. S.); g) notarialurad damowmebuli xelSekrulebebi da a.S.
2. damtkicebis tvirTi ekisrebaT mxareebs (102-e
muxli). am zogadi principidan gamomdinare, werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi TviTon mxareebma unda warudginos sasamarTlos. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxarem
ver miiRo werilobiTi masalebi fizikuri Tu iuridiuli pirisagan, an ama Tu im saministrosagan, mas SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos SuamdgomlobiT (gancxadebiT), rom gamoiTxovos es werilobiTi masalebi. aseT
SuamdgomlobebSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom miuxedavad araerTgzis mcdelobisa man ver miiRo es werilobiTi masalebi.
_ Suamdgomloba werilobiTi masalebis gamoTxovis
Sesaxeb unda aRiZras saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, radgan momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, sasamarTlom SeiZleba ar daakmayofilos igi (215-e muxli).
3. 134-e muxlis me-3 nawili warmoadgens 104-e muxliT damkvidrebul mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis
principis dakonkretebas, romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos da ar unda gamoiTxovos iseTi mtkicebuleba, romelsac ar aqvs mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.
mtkicebulebas ar SeiZleba hqondes mniSvneloba
Tu igi araa mimarTuli saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebis dadasturebisaken.
amitom evaleba Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs miuTiTos, Tu romeli garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba gamosaTxovi werilobiTi mtkicebulebiT.
_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli
unda iyos: a) organo an piri, romelic valdebulia warmoadginos werilobiTi masalebi; b) am werilobiTi ma246
_ imisaTvis, rom mxare dedani sabuTis wardgenis movaleobisagan ganTavisufldes, man unda daamtkicos,
rom dedani sabuTi ganadgurda xanZrisagan, raime stiqiuri movlenisagan da sxva.
_ yvela SemTxvevaSi, mieniWos Tu ara sabuTis aslebs
mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba damokidebulia sasamarTlos mixedulebaze, romelmac am sakiTxis gadawyvetis dros mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos mxareTa mosazrebebi.
amrigad, sabuTis aslis mtkicebulebad gamoyeneba
ar ikrZaleba, magram rogorc sworad miuTiTa saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam `sasamarTlos mixeduleba, romlis safuZvelzec sabuTis asls
eniWeba mtkicebulebiTi mniSvneloba, unda iyos dasabuTebuli, xolo mosazrebebi, romlebic safuZvlad
udevs sasamarTlos mixedulebas, unda iyos asaxuli
gadawyvetilebaSi.22
_ werilobiTi mtkicebulebis aslisaTvis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobis miniWeba jer kidev ar niSnavs
imas, rom saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone esa Tu is faqti dadasturebulad (damtkicebulad) CaiTvalos. sasamarTlo afasebs warmodgenil mtkicebulebebs maT
erTobliobaSi da Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. ise rogorc
dednis saxiT warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi, maTi aslebic sasamarTlom SeiZleba uaryos, rogorc arasarwmuno, romlebic ewinaaRmdegeba saqmeSi arsebul
sxva mtkicebulebebs.
22
248
daugzavnian sasamarTlos daniSnul vadaSi. Tu maT ar SeuZliaT am vadaSi waradginon es sabuTebi, isini valdebulni arian
acnobon sasamarTlos amis Sesaxeb mizezebis miTiTebiT.
2. Seutyobineblobis, agreTve im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos moTxovna arasapatio mizeziT ar Sesrulda, sasamarTlo moqalaqes an sawarmos, dawesebulebis, organizaciis xelmZRvanels anda Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs ajarimebs 50 lariT.
3. dajarimeba ar aTavisuflebs moqalaqes an Sesabamis Tanamdebobis pirs sasamarTlos mier gamoTxovili werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenis movaleobisagan.
4. werilobiTi mtkicebulebis ganmeorebiT warudgenlobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo ajarimebs Sesabamis pirebs pirveli jarimis xuTmagi odenobiT.
5. Tu werilobiTi mtkicebulebis wardgenaze arasapatio mizeziT uars ambobs
erT-erTi mxare, romelic ar uaryofs, rom
mtkicebuleba mis xelTaa, sasamarTlos
SeuZlia mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri gaaTavisuflos im faqtis mtkicebis tvirTisagan, romelic am mtkicebulebiT unda daedasturebina da aseTi tvirTi gadaakisros
mxares, romelic uars ambobs werilobiTi
mtkicebulebis wardgenaze.
1. nebismieri fizikuri Tu iuridiuli piri, nebismieri Tanamdebobis piri, valdebulia gadaugzavnos sasamarTlos mis mier gamoTxovili werilobiTi sabuTebi Tu
sxva masalebi amave sasamarTlos mier dadgenil vadaSi.
249
bis mizniT mtkicebis tvirTi gadaakisros mxares, romelic uars ambobs mis wardgenaze sasamarTloSi.
251
da, mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazrebebi am TvalsazrisiT. magram
mtkicebulebaTa saboloo Sefaseba sasamarTlos prerogativaa. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sasamarTlos eWvi
epareba romelime mtkicebulebis namdvilobaSi, mas SeuZlia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT da saSualebebiT, maT
Soris eqspertizis saSualebiT, Tavisi iniciativiT
Seamowmos mtkicebuleba.
5. me-5 nawili Seicavs kategoriul moTxovnas imis
Sesaxeb, rom sadavo sabuTis siyalbis dadasturebis
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom gamoitanos motivirebuli
ganCineba da dokumenti, misi siyalbis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebiT gadasces sagamoZiebo organoebs.
_ sasamarTlos ganCineba aris mxolod sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvris safuZveli. am ganCinebas ar
aqvs preiudiciuli Zala sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlosaTvis da arc sagamoZiebo organoebisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom sagamoZiebo organoebma da sisxlis samarTlis ganmxilvelma sasamarTlom
SeiZleba sul sxva gadawyvetileba miiRon, vidre samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos ganCinebiTaa gansazRvruli.
_ erTmaneTisagan unda gavmijnoT mtkicebulebis saxiT warmodgenili dokumentis siyalbis sakiTxis ganxilva-gadawyveta, rac mimarTulia am dokumentis mtkicebulebiTi mniSvnelobis gaqarwylebisaken da sarCelebi dokumentebis siyalbis dadgenis Sesaxeb, romelTa ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ara ganCineba, aramed gadawyvetileba (180-e muxli).
253
254
255
T a v i XVIII
mowmeTa Gveneba
muxli 140. mowmis gamoZaxeba
1. mowmed SeiZleba iyos yoveli piri, romlisTvisac cnobilia raime garemoeba saqmis Sesaxeb.
2. mowme SeiZleba gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi dainteresebuli mxaris meSveobiT.
3. mxare, romelic Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe ama Tu im piris mowmed
daSvebisa da dakiTxvis, agreTve misi sasamarTlos meSveobiT gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb,
valdebulia miuTiTos misi saxeli, gvari
da sacxovrebeli adgili, agreTve is, Tu
saqmisTvis mniSvnelobis mqone ra garemoebis dadastureba SeuZlia mowmes.
4. sasamarTlos SeuZlia uari Tqvas gamoZaxebuli mowmis dakiTxvaze an ar gamoiZaxos igi, Tu cnobs, rom garemoebebs,
romelTa dasadasturebladac iZaxeben mowmes, ara aqvT raime mniSvneloba saqmis arsebiTad gadawyvetisaTvis.
1. zogadi principis Tanaxmad mowmed SeiZleba iyos
nebismieri piri, romelsac SeuZlia miawodos sasamarTlos cnobebi saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb.
gamonaklisebs am zogadi wesidan gansazRvravs kanoni, romlis Tanaxmad pirma SeiZleba icodes saqmis
garemoebis Sesaxeb, magram miuxedavad amisa ar SeiZleba, gamoZaxebuli da dakiTxuli iqnes mowmis saxiT
(141-e muxli).
2. mowme SeiZleba daasaxelos mxarem. sasamarTlos
(mosamarTles) ar SeuZlia TviTon daasaxelos mowme,
gamouZaxos da dakiTxos igi.
256
mowmis dasaxeleba mxares SeuZlia saqmis momzadebis stadiaze (201-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `v~ qvepunqti).
_ saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg, kerZod sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze an uSualod misi dawyebis
win, mowmis dasaxeleba da Suamdgomloba misi gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia, Tu mxares ar hqonda sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc ver SeZlo misi droulad dasaxeleba (215-e muxli).
3. mowmis dasaxelebis droisaTvis sasamarTlom unda icodes mxareTa sasarCelo moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis faqtobrivi safuZvlebi, aqedan gamomdinare,
sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcios imas, Tu romeli faqtis dadasturebis mizniT Suamdgomlobs mxare mowmis gamoZaxebisa da dakiTxvis Sesaxeb. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom am faqts ara aqvs saqmis gadawyvetisaTvis raime mniSvneloba, sasamarTlom uari
unda uTxras mxares mowmis gamoZaxebaze.
_ mowmis gamoZaxebaze da dakiTxvaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec ar
SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (104-e muxli).
_ mowmis gamoZaxeba warmoebs 70-e -78-e muxlebiT
dadgenili wesiT.
1. mowmed dabarebuli piri valdebulia gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi da misces swori Cveneba. am valdebulebis SeusruleblobisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia pasuxismgebloba (145-e muxli).
aseTi valdebulebisagan Tavisufldebian pirebi,
romlebisTvisac Tumca cnobilia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebi, magram ganekuTvnebian im pirTa kategorias, romlebic CamoTvlilia am muxlis pirvel nawilSi, maT Soris pirebi, romlebic valdebuli
arian daicvan saidumloeba (ix. 129-e muxlis `g~ qvepunqtis komentari).
2. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi CamoTvlil pirebs ufleba aqvT uari Tqvan Cvenebis micemaze mxolod im pirobiT, Tu es gamoiwvevs mis an axlo naTesavis mimarT
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvras, an miayenebs maT qonebriv zians. magaliTad, axlo naTesav mowmes ufleba
aqvs ar misces Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, rom xanZari gamowveuli iyo misi mSoblis uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT, rasac moyva mosarCelis qonebis ganadgureba da a. S. magram Tu mowmes SeuZlia daadasturos nasyidobis, qiravnobis, sesxis da a. S. xelSekruleba _ es ar SeiZleba
ganvixiloT rogorc qonebrivi zianis miyeneba misi axlo naTesavisaTvis, amitom, aseTi garemoebebis Sesaxeb mowme valdebulia misces Cveneba (143-e muxlis `a~
qvepunqti).
_ Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqma damajereblad unda
daasabuTos mowmem (144-e muxli).
262
1. mowmed dabarebul pirs, agreTve mowmed dasaxelebul pirs, romelsac sasamarTlos ganCinebiT ar aqvs
ufleba uari Tqvas Cvenebis micemaze (144-e muxli),
ekisreba ori saxis movaleoba: a) gamocxaddes sasamarTloSi daniSnul dros da b) misces swori Cveneba.
2. am movaleobaTa Sesruleba uzrunvelyofilia ara
marto samoqalaqo saproceso sanqciiT, aramed sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobiT, rac gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 370-e
da 371-e muxlebiT.
dawyebiTi Cveneba ewinaaRmdegeba erTmaneTs. amis Semdeg maT SeiZleba dausvan SekiTxvebi im rigis mixedviT, romelic gansazRvrulia 148-e muxliT.
3. sasamarTlos ganCineba mowmis ganmeorebiT dakiTxvisa Tu dapirispirebis Sesaxeb, an aseT saproceso moqmedebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb ar gasaCivrdeba.
mowmis mier Cvenebis zepirad micema qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom mowme iZleva faqtis Sesaxeb iseT informacias, rac man uSualod aRiqva da ara iseT Cvenebas,
romelic mxaris SegonebiTaa nakarnaxevi.
ficis dadebis SesaZlebloba ori garemoebis erTdroulad arsebobaa aucilebeli: erTi _ mowmis Cvenebas unda hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvneloba davis gadawyvetisaTvis, magaliTad, mowmis Cvenebazea damokidebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba, an mis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqma da meore _ ficis dadebas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad CaTvlis. magaliTad, mowmis Cvenebas imis Sesaxeb, rom misi TandaswrebiT mopasuxem
miuTvala sesxad aRebuli Tanxa mosarCeles, aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis. amitom, Tu sasamarTlos es mizanSewonilad miaCnia, am mowmes SeiZleba mosTxovos ficis dadeba.
2. fsiqologiis mecnierebis monacemebiT TviTon
faqti piris mowmis saxiT sasamarTloSi gamoZaxebisa
STamagonebel zegavlenas axdens am pirze. miT umetes
aseTi zegavlena Zlierdeba, roca mowmes afrTxileben sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. magram, roca mas RmerTis winaSec aficeben, ar aris gamoricxuli aseTma pirma saerTod ganacxados, rom araferi saqmis garemoebebis Sesaxeb ar icis da amitom
verc miscems maT Sesaxeb raime Cvenebas. amitom, ficis
dadebis momenti, Tu amas sasamarTlo mizanSewonilad
CaTvlis, unda moxdes mxolod Cvenebis micemis Semdeg da im wesiT, rogorc es am muxlis me-5 nawilSia Camoyalibebuli.
3. religiuri, Tu arareligiuri ficis dadeba (me-5
da me-6 punqtebi) an kidev Tavisi rwmenis gamo, ficis
dadebaze uarisTqma (me-7 nawili), ar aTavisuflebs
sasamarTlos Seafasos mowmis Cveneba Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniT. ficiT dadasturebuli mowmis Cveneba sasamarTlom SeiZleba sarwmunod miiCnios. swored am mosazrebiT SeiZleboda exelmZRvanela kanonmdebels,
rodesac am muxlis me-4 nawiliT miuTiTa imis Sesaxeb,
rom sasamarTlom unda auxsnas mowmes ficis dadebis
win `winaswar ganzraxulad daficebis gziT yalbi Cvenebis micemiT gamowveuli sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb~.
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T a v i
XIX
nivTieri mtkicebuleba
muxli 154. nivTieri mtkicebulebani,
maTi gamoTxovisa da wardgenis wesi
1. nivTieri mtkicebulebebia is nivTebi,
romlebic Tavisi xarisxiT, TvisebiT an Tavisi arsebobiT warmoadgenen saqmisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis dadgenis
saSualebas.
2. nivTier mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos
warudgenen mxareebi. Tu mxarem ver SeZlo
nivTieri mtkicebulebis miReba im pirisagan, visac xelTa aqvs igi, mxares SeuZlia
iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe misi gamoTxovis Sesaxeb.
3. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri valdebulia aRniSnos, saqmis ra mniSvnelovani
garemoebis dadgena SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT, aRweros es nivTi da miuTiTos, ras
efuZneba misi varaudi, rom mtkicebuleba
mis mier miTiTebuli piris xelTaa.
4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze
uaris Tqma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos
Tavis ganCinebaSi, romelic calke ar gasaCivrdeba.
1. 154-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi mocemulia nivTieri
mtkicebulebis cnebis gansazRvreba. Tu werilobiTi
mtkicebuleba werilobiTi niSnebisa da cifrebis gamoyenebiT gvawvdis cnobebs (maTi amokiTxvis saSualebiT) faqtebis Sesaxeb (134-e muxli), nivTieri mtkicebulebebi aseT cnobebs gvawvdis Tavisi xarisxiT, TvisebiT an Tavisi arsebobiT. magaliTad, sadavoa gada274
cemuli nivTis xarisxi (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 488-e muxli). am SemTxvevaSi es nivTi aris nivTieri mtkicebuleba. an kidev, romelime dokumentze amoSlilia (gadafxekilia) xelmowera. am SemTxvevaSi nivTieri mtkicebuleba iqneba es dokumenti da a. S.
2. saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone garemoebebis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba mxareebs. am movaleobis Sesasruleblad mxareebma unda waradginon mtkicebulebebi. aqedan gamomdinare, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis
wardgenis tvirTi ekisrebaT mxareebs. mxarem SeiZleba sTxovos sasamarTlos TviTon gamoiTxovos nivTieri mtkicebuleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man uSualod ver SeZlo misi miReba im pirisagan, romelTanac
es mtkicebulebebi inaxeba.
3. ise rogorc yvela sxva saxis mtkicebulebaTa sasamarTloSi wardgenis dros, mxare romelic Txovs sasamarTlos miiRos misgan nivTieri mtkicebuleba, an
gamoiTxovos igi, valdebulia miuTiTos Tu saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis romeli garemoebis dadastureba SeiZleba am mtkicebulebiT. es aris mtkicebulebaTa
gankuTvnadobis (104-e muxli) principis erT-erTi
konkretuli gamovlineba.
Tu garemoebas (faqts), romlis dasadasturebladac
mxare Suamdgomlobs nivTieri mtkicebulebis gamoTxovaze, ar aqvs mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis, sasamarTlom
uari unda Tqvas mis gamoTxovaze.
4. nivTieri mtkicebulebis miRebaze Tu gamoTxovaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelzec kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba (104-e
muxli).
maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia ivaraudos damtkicebulad is faqti, romlis dasadasturebladac mxare Suamdgomlobda mis gamoTxovas da am varaudis gasaqarwyleblad mtkicebis tvirTi gadaakisros mxares,
romelic uars ambobs am nivTieri mtkicebulebis sasamarTloSi wardgenaze.
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283
T a v i
XX
eqspertis daskvna
muxli 162. eqspertizis daniSvna
1. Tu saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT
wamoiWra sakiTxi, romlis ganmartebac moiTxovs specialur codnas, sasamarTlos mxareTa TxovniT SeuZlia daniSnos eqspertiza saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze, xolo
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisas eqspertiza SeiZleba dainiSnos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvisaTvis saqmis mosamzadebel stadiaze mxarisaTvis aseTi
garemoeba obieqturi mizezebiT ver iqneboda cnobili da aseTi safuZveli warmoiSva am sxdomaze, an Tu mxarem sapatio
mizeziT ver uzrunvelyo Sesabamisi gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis warmodgena
saqmis momzadebis stadiaze.
2. sasamarTlos saqmis ganxilvis nebismier stadiaze SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT
daniSnos eqspertiza.
1. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros SeiZleba wamoiWras iseTi sakiTxebi da Segvxvdes iseTi garemoebebi, romelTa garkveva da dadgena Cveulebrivi meTodebiT da cnobili saSualebebiT SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlosaTvis didi
daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia sasamarTlo eqspertizas.
samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT, specialuri codna - es iseTi codnaa, romelic scildeba
samarTlebrivi codnis, im wesebisa da normebis farglebs, romlebic asaxaven sazogadoebis moralur Tu
sxva Sexedulebas da rwmenas. aqedan gamomdinare, ar
SeiZleba eqspertiza dainiSnos samarTlis sakiTxebze
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288
294
296
297
aluri codna da gamocdileba, an kidev, eqspertma gamoikvlia arasaTanado da uxarisxo obieqti da a. S. maSin eqspertis daskvna ar SeiZleba miviCnioT rogorc
swori da dasabuTebuli.
2. eqspertis daniSvna da Catarebis saproceso formis (wesis) dacva jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom eqspertis daskvna dasabuTebulia. eqspertis daskvnis SefasebisaTvis sasamarTlom unda Seafasos is wanamZRvrebi, faqtobrivi da mecnieruli monacemebi, romlebic
safuZvlad udevs am daskvnas.
aseTi Sefaseba sakmaod rTulia mosamarTlisaTvis,
vinaidan igi araa aRWurvili im specialuri codniT,
romliTac aRWurvilia Sesafasebeli daskvnis avtori
_ eqsperti.
amitom, Tu eqspertis daskvna winaaRmdegobaSia saqmeSi arsebul sxva mtkicebulebebTan da am winaaRmdegobis moxsna sasamarTlos (mosamarTles) ar ZaluZs,
maSin mas SeuZlia daniSnos ganmeorebiTi eqspertiza
(173-e muxli).
_ iseve, rogorc saqmeSi arsebuli nebismieri mtkicebulebis uaryofis SemTxvevaSi (249-e muxlis me-4 nawili), eqspertis daskvnis uaryofis drosac sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos Tu ratom uaryo igi.
300
301
303
wigni meore
saqmeebis warmoeba pirveli
instanciis sasamarTloSi
kari meoTxe
sasarCelo warmoeba
T a v i
XXI
dawesebulebebs, raTa maT warudginon sasamarTlos yvela is werilobiTi Tu nivTieri sabuTi da masala, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon sarCelSi aRniSnuli garemoebebi da romelTa gacemaze aramarTlzomierad uTxres uari mosarCeles;
g) sasamarTlom droulad Seatyobinos
da sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoiZaxos mowmeebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT daadasturon
sarCelSi aRniSnuli garemoebebi.
3. sarCels xels awers mosarCele an misi
uflebamosili warmomadgeneli.
es muxli sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. pirvel nawilSi
CamoTvlilia moTxovnebi, romlebsac unda pasuxobdes
sarCeli (sarCelis savaldebulo rekvizitebi), meore nawilSi miTiTebulia moTxovnebze, romlebsac sarCeli SeiZleba arc ki pasuxobdes (arasavaldebulo
rekvizitebi), xolo mesame nawili gansazRvravs Tu vis
SeuZlia moaweros xeli sarCels, rac agreTve savaldebuloa.
1. im moTxovnebze, romlebic saerToa sasamarTloSi yoveli formiT mimarTvisaTvis, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs am muxlis pirveli nawilis `b~, `g~,
`d~ da `e~ qvepunqtebi.
_ `b~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad sarCelSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos ara marto mosarCelisa da mopasuxis vinaoba
da misamarTebi, aramed sasamarTloSi mosawvevi nebismieri piris vinaoba da misamarTebi, agreTve maTi telefoni (mobiluri), eleqtronuli fosta, faqsi. am punqtis Tanaxmad mosarCelis warmomadgenlis vinaoba da
misamarTi miTiTebuli unda iyos sarCelSi, Tu mas
Seaqvs es sarCeli, magram 70-e muxlis pirveli nawilis
analizi (ix. am muxlis komentari) safuZvels gvaZlevs
gavakeToT daskvna, rom warmomadgenlis vinaobisa da
misamarTis miTiTeba sarCelSi yovelTvis aucilebe-
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sarCelSi yovelTvis unda mieTiTos im sabuTebze, romlebic mas erTvis. es saSualebas miscems mosamarTles
Seamowmos nusxis sisrule da siswore, xolo Tu es
saWiroa misces vada mosarCeles Seavsos an daazustos
es nusxa.
iuridiuli interesi aRiarebiTi sarCelis aRZvris
winapirobaa. sasamarTlo ar miiRebs sarCels, Tu mosarCeles ar aqvs aseTi sarCelis aRZvris interesi. amitom, T qvepunqti avaldebulebs mosarCeles miuTiTos
mis mier aRZrul aRiarebiT sarCelSi aseT iuridiul
interesze. Tumca, rogorc aRvniSneT, iuridiuli interesi aris ara sarCelis Sinaarsis sakiTxi, aramed am
sarCelis aRZvris, misi gansaxilvelad miRebis winapiroba. iuridiuli interesis raobis Sesaxeb ix. 180-e
muxlis komentari.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli moTxovnebis
sarCelSi Camoyalibeba marTalia Zalze sasurvelia da
udavod Seuwyobs xels saqmis droulad ganxilvas, magram araa savaldebulo. amitom, mas Semdeg, rac sarCeli iqneba miRebuli warmoebaSi, sasamarTlom unda
daavalos mosarCeles jer kidev momzadebis stadiaze,
droulad aRZras sasamarTlos winaSe Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobebi (203-e da 206-e muxlebi).
3. sasamarTloSi sarCeli mosarCelis saxeliT
SeiZleba Seitanos misma warmomadgenelma, magram
erTi savaldebulo pirobiT, Tu am warmomadgenels
gaaCnia specialuri uflebamosileba amisaTvis (ix.
98-e muxlis komentari).
_ sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisaTvis igi unda pasuxobdes ara marto im moTxovnebs, romlebic Camoyalibebulia 178-e muxlis pirvel nawilSi, aramed warmodgenili iyos imdeni asliT, ramdenic mopasuxea da erTvodes baJis gadaxdis damadasturebeli dokumenti.
_ sasamarTlos ufleba ara aqvs miiRos sarCeli warmoebaSi baJis winaswari gadaxdis gareSe (185-e muxli),
magram mas SeuZlia gaaTavisuflos gadaxdisagan, gadauvados, ganuwilvados gadaxda, Seumciros baJis odenoba (46-e-49-e muxlebi). amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos motivirebuli ganCineba.
311
bis miRebisas, sasarCelo gancxadebis mimReb mosamarTles SeuZlia calke warmoebad gamoyos erTi an ramdenime moTxovna,
Tu cnobs, rom moTxovnaTa gancalkevebuli ganxilva ufro mizanSewonilia.
4. Tu sasamarTlos warmoebaSia ramdenime erTgvarovani da samarTlebrivad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli saqme, romlebSic
erTi da igive an sxvadasxva mxare monawileobs, sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaaerTianos es saqmeebi erT warmoebad erTad
ganxilvisaTvis, Tu aseT gaerTianebas Sedegad mohyveba davis ufro swrafad da sworad ganxilva. mosamarTle, romelsac mimarTes saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb SuamdgomlobiT, Tavis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmesTan
aerTianebs Tavis warmoebaSive an sxva mosamarTlis warmoebaSi arsebul saqmes, ris
Taobazedac gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba.
1. gansxvavebiT sarCelebis subieqturi gaerTianebisa, romelic warmoSobs Tanamonawileobas, am muxlis
pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs sarCelebis obieqturi gaerTianebis SesaZleblobas e. i. ramdenime sasarCelo moTxovnis gaerTianebas erTi da imave mopasuxis
mimarT.
am uflebis realizacia, e.i. ramdenime sasarCelo
moTxovnvis gaerTianeba dasaSvebia: a) Tu yvela moTxovna cal-calke aRebuli am sasamarTlos gansjadia. es imas niSnavs, rom ar SeiZleba iseTi moTxovnebis gaerTianeba, romlebic sxvadasxva sasamarTlos gansjadia. (magaliTad, erTi moTxovna quTaisis sasamarTlos gansjadia, xolo sxvebi samtrediis sasamarTlos
gansjadia da a.S.)
es wesi ar vrceldeba magistrati mosamarTlis gan314
315
tiviT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT) mxolod mis warmoebaSi arsebuli, agreTve amave sasamarTlos sxva mosamarTlesTan arsebuli saqmeebi, ris Sesaxebac mas gamoaqvs motivirebuli ganCineba. sxva mosamarTlesTan
arsebuli saqmeebis gaerTianebisas mizanSewonili iqneba mosamarTlem saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gamotanamde winaswar moeTaTbiros sxva mosamarTles, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, am sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomares.
saqmeTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
des xarvezi. sasamarTlom unda miiRos zomebi mis gamosasworeblad, magram Tu mosarCele amas ar akeTebs,
magaliTad, ar ixdis saxelmwifo baJs, sasamarTlom mainc unda moamzados da ganixilos sarCeli, radgan igi
miRebulad iTvleba. is, risi gamosworebac mosamarTlem ver SeZlo momzadebis stadiaze, SeiZleba gamoswordes am sarCelis mimarT sasamarTlos mier gamotanili gadawyvetilebiT (magaliTad, daakisros Sesabamis mxares baJis gadaxda).
_ 183-e muxlis umTavresi mizani da daniSnuleba
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom sasamarTloebi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT moeqcnen da droulad Seiswavlon,
Seamowmon da gadawyviton sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis sakiTxi.
318
1. sarCeli warmoebaSi miRebulad iTvleba mosamarTlis mier Sesabamisi ganCinebis miRebis Semdeg, risTvisac mas eZleva xuTi dRis vada, xolo Tu man am vadaSi
ganCineba ar miiRo _ xuTi dRis vadis gasvlis Semdeg
(183-e muxli).
_ sarCelis da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnas sasamarTlo awarmoebs
201-e muxlis moTxovnaTa dacviT (ix. am muxlis komentari). gankarguleba gadagzavnis Sesaxeb unda aisaxos
ganCinebaSi sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb.
_ sarCelis da masze TandarTuli dokumentebis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavna unda moxdes dauyovnebliv
sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg.
2. me-2 nawilSi xazgasmulia marTlmsajulebis wesiT saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis upiratesoba sxva
wesiT saqmis ganxilvasTan SedarebiT. amitom, Tu sarCeli miRebulia warmoebaSi sasamarTlos mier, sxva arasasamarTlo organos am saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta
ar SeuZlia, xolo Tu mainc moxdeba es, maSin saqme, e. i.
dava mxareTa Soris gadawyvetilad CaiTvleba ise, rogorc es sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiTaa gansazRvruli.
_ rac Seexeba am davis sxva sasamarTlos mier ganxilvas, roca sarCeli erTdrouladaa Sesuli or an met
sasamarTloSi, rac alternatiuli gansjadobis dros
SeiZleba moxdes, kolizia gadaWrilia imis mixedviT,
Tu romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre Sevida es sarCeli. vadis gamoTvla unda moxdes imis mixedviT, Tu romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre miiRes ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb, an romeli dRidan iTvleba igi miRebulad, roca aseTi ganCineba ratomRac
ar iyo gamotanili (183-e muxli).
3. yovelTvis, roca araa gatarebuli sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebebi, mxareebs ufleba aqvT gayidon, gaaCuqon davis sagani, an daTmon moTxovna.
aseT SemTxvevaSi am mxaris nacvlad saqmeSi Caebmeba uflebamonacvle (ix. 92-e muxlis komentari).
319
322
323
nuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb 275-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqtis Tanaxmad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
d) mxareTa Soris dadebul SeTanxmebas davis kerZo
arbitraJisaTvis (samediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis) gadacemis Sesaxeb, aqvs iuridiuli Zala, rogorc TviTon
mxareebisaTvis, ise sasamarTlosaTvis. amitom, aseTi
SeTanxmebis (xelSekrulebis) arsebobisas sasamarTlos ufleba ar aqvs miiRos da ganixilos sarCeli, xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRo _ Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba
(272-e muxlis `v~ qvepunqti).
_ mxareebs, cxadia, SeuZliaT gaauqmon TavianTi SeTanxmeba axali SeTanxmebiT, uari Tqvan davis kerZo
arbitraJSi ganxilvaze da am davis ganxilva kvlav saerTo sasamarTlos dauqvemdebaron, magram yovelive
es mxareebma werilobiT unda gaaformon da ise warudginon sasamarTlos.
e) gansjadoba gvaZlevs pasuxs kiTxvaze: romeli sasamarTlos gansaxilvelia sarCeli. samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-13-24-e muxlebi awesrigeben gansjadobas. principi aseTia: saqme unda ganixilos gansjadma sasamarTlom. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu sarCeli aRZrulia aragansjad sasamarTloSi, am sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar miiRos igi gansaxilvelad.
_ amasTan erTad, gansjadobis darRveva ar warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvels. garkveuli pirobebis arsebobisas aragansjadi sasamarTlo
SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes Tu arsebobs amis Taobaze
mxareTa SeTanxmeba, an Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegi araa,
rom saqme ganixilos aragansjadma sasamarTlom (21-e
muxli). gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom zemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos gansjadoba
ara Tavisi iniciativiT, aramed mxaris TxovniT da im
pirobiT, Tu gansjadobis Semowmebis sakiTxi jer kidev pirvel instanciaSi saqmis ganxilvisas iyo mopasuxis mier dayenebuli (377-e muxli).
v) qmeduunarod iTvleba piri, romelic sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT aRiarebulia aseTad (322-e mux324
Tlom unda miuTiTos, rom uflebamosilebis saTanadod gaformebis Semdeg warmomadgenels kvlav SeuZlia Seitanos igive sarCeli, an kidev, qmeduunaros kanonier warmomadgenels, an TviTon mas, Tu sasamarTlos mier is qmedunarianad iqneba kvlav aRiarebuli
(327-e muxli).
2. ganCineba sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
mosarCeles unda Cabardes 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
_ mas ubrundeba agreTve sabuTebi, romlebic Tan
erTvoda sarCels, magram ara sasarCelo gancxadeba,
romelic ganCinebasTan erTad rCeba saqmeSi. gamonakliss am mxriv warmoadgens sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqma xarvezis Seuvseblobis gamo. aseT
SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba sarCelic (ix. 185e muxli). masve ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJic. mniSvnelovania aqve aRiniSnos, rom Tu
sarCelis miRebaze uaris Tqmis safuZvlebi gamovlindeba am sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Semdeg, maSin imis
mixedviT, Tu rogoria es safuZveli, sasamarTlo Sewyvets saqmis warmoebas an sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs (ix. am kodeqsis 272-e da 275-e muxlebi.)
3. am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana da ganxilva
xdeba 414-420-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
328
T a v i XXII
Segebebuli sarGeli
muxli 188. Segebebuli sarCelis
aRZvra
1. mopasuxes ufleba aqvs misTvis sarCelis aslis Cabarebis dRidan saqmis zepiri
ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadebis damTavrebamde aRZras mosarCelis mimarT Segebebuli sarCeli pirvandel sarCelTan erTad gansaxilvelad.
2. am vadis gaSvebis Semdeg mopasuxes
SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli sasamarTlo paeqrobis dawyebamde, Tu saqmis
zepiri ganxilvisaTvis winaswari momzadebis damTavrebamde Segebebuli sarCelis
wardgena ver moxda sapatio mizeziT. sapatio mizezad CaiTvleba am kodeqsis 215-e
muxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi.
Segebuli sarCeli SesagebelTan (SepasuxebasTan)
erTad mopasuxis sarCelisagan Tavdacvis erT-erTi saSualebaa. Segebebuli sarCeli gansxvavdeba Sesageblisagan: mopasuxis Sesagebeli (Sepasuxeba) yovelTvis mimarTulia sarCelis faqtobrivi an iuridiuli dasabuTebulobis gaqarwylebisaken. Segebebuli sarCelic
zogjer igive mizansac SeiZleba isaxavdes, magram zogjer piriqiT, igi pirdapir Tu arapirdapir ZiriTadi
sarCelis aRiarebasac niSnavs. magaliTad, rodesac Segebebuli sarCeli mimarTulia ZiriTadi sasarCelo
moTxovnis CasaTvlelad, mopasuxe ar uaryofs am moTxovnis dasabuTebulobas; misi mizania mxolod is, rom
sasamarTlom es Segebebuli moTxovna CauTvalos mosarCeles mis ZiriTad moTxovnaSi. garda amisa, Segebe329
buli sarCeliT mopasuxe ara marto icavs Tavs ZiriTadi sarCelisagan, aramed imavdroulad icavs Tavis pirad uflebasac.
praqtikaSi arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, roca yovelgvari dasabuTebis gareSe gadawyvetilebiT uari eTqva mopasuxes Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofilebaze,
sakasacio sasamarTlom araerTgzis miuTiTa, rom sasamarTlom unda imsjelos am sarCelebis safuZvlianobis Sesaxeb da gamoitanos maT mimarT motivirebuli
gadawyvetileba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es iqneba ssk
394-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze misi gauqmebis absoluturi safuZveli.23
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs vadas,
romlis ganmavlobaSic mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli. es vada emTxveva saqmis momzadebis
damTavrebis vadas.
_ saqmis momzadeba damTavrebulad iTvleba im momentidan, roca mosamarTle gamoitans ganCinebas saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207e muxli).
2. am ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg mopasuxes SeuZlia aRZras Segebebuli sarCeli sasamarTlo paeqrobis dawyebamde, Tu daamtkicebs, rom Tavis droze (ix.
am muxlis pirveli nawili) igi ver aRiZra sapatio mizeziT. mizezis sapatioba, amrigad, aris ara Segebebuli sarCelis miRebis (189-e muxli), aramed misi aRZvris winapiroba. aris Tu ara Segebebuli sarCelis droulad aRuZvrelobis mizezi sapatio _ gadawyvets sasamarTlo. (ix. 215-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).
paeqrobis dawyebis Semdeg Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra dauSvebelia.
23
330
bis saerTo pirobebisa, Segebebuli sarCeli unda pasuxobdes am muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebul specialur (damatebiT) pirobebs. es pirobebia:
a) Segebebuli sarCelis moTxovna mimarTulia pirvandeli sasarCelo moTxovnis CasaTvlelad.
_ magaliTad, aRZrulia sarCeli zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb 1000 laris odenobiT. mopasuxem aRZra
Segebebuli sarCeli da moiTxova mosarCelisagan 800
laris gadaxdevineba, rac mas sesxis saxiT hqonda gacemuli mosarCelisaTvis. amasTan erTad, mopasuxem
sTxova sasamarTlos CauTvalos aRniSnuli 800 lari
zaralis anazRaurebaSi da daakisros mas 200 laris mosarCelis sasargeblod gadaxda.
valdebulebis Sewyveta CaTvliT gaTvaliswinebulia samoqalaqo kodeqsis 442-e muxliT.24
b) Segebebuli sarCelis dakmayofileba mTlianad an
nawilobriv gamoricxavs pirvandeli sarCelis dakmayofilebis SesaZleblobas. magaliTad, aRZrulia sarCeli binis damqiraveblis binidan gamosaxlebis Sesaxeb, im motiviT, rom igi uars ambobs gadaixados qira.
mopasuxem aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli, raTa igi cnon sadavo binis mesakuTred (an TanamesakuTred). cxadia,
rom Tu Segebebuli sarCeli dakmayofildeba da mopasuxe cnobili iqneba binis mesakuTred, maSin gamoiricxeba pirvandeli sarCelis dakmayofileba.
g) Segebebul da pirvandel sarCelebs Soris aris
urTierTkavSiri.
_ magaliTad, nivTis mimbarebelma aRZra sarCeli am
nivTis Semnaxvelis mimarT Sesanaxad mibarebuli nivTis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb. Semnaxvelma Tavis mxriv
aRZra Segebebuli sarCeli SenaxvisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis 1000 laris odenobiT nivTis mimbarebelze dakisrebis Sesaxeb (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 776-e muxli). aq
urTierTkavSiri pirvandel sarCelsa da Segebebuli
sarCels Soris aSkaraa.
24
332
25
333
T a v i
XXIII
sarGelis uzrunvelyofa
muxli 191. gancxadeba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
1. mosarCeles SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebiT, romelic unda Seicavdes miTiTebas
im garemoebebze, romelTa gamoc uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba gaaZnelebs
an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas da Sesabamis dasabuTebas, Tu
uzrunvelyofis romeli RonisZiebis gatareba
miaCnia mosarCeles aucileblad. Tu sasamarTlos gauCndeba dasabuTebuli varaudi,
rom uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebaTa miuRebloba
gaaZnelebs an SeuZlebels gaxdis gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas, mas gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb.
2. gancxadebas, romliTac piri iTxovs
uZrav qonebaze yadaRis dadebas, unda daerTos cnoba sajaro reestridan an Sesabamisi dokumenti, romliTac dasturdeba uZrav
qonebaze mopasuxis sakuTrebis ufleba.
3. Tu sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb
gancxadebas ar axlavs am muxlis me-2
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli cnoba sajaro
reestridan an Sesabamisi dokumenti, anda
saxelmwifo baJi ar aris gadaxdili, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba xarvezis Taobaze da ganmcxadebels aZlevs vadas mis Sesavsebad. daniSnul vadaSi xarvezis Seuvseblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo Tavisi ganCinebiT gancxadebas ganuxilvelad datovebs,
rac gasaCivrdeba saCivriT.
335
191-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi, agreTve momdevno muxlebSi miTiTebulia sasamarTlo ganCinebaTa saCivriT gasaCivrebaze, an saCivris Setanaze. ra
aris es saCivris axali saxe Tu igive kerZo saCivari?
amis Sesaxeb ixileT 197-e da 1971 muxlebis komentari.
338
saxeb ganCineba sasamarTlom mxareTa TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT unda gadaugzavnos Sesabamis maregistrirebel organoebs im SezRudvebis moxsnis mizniT,
rac uzrunvelyofis gauqmebuli RonisZiebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.
5. sarCelis uzrunvelyofaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb
sasamarTlos ganCinebis gamotanis Semdeg mxares ufleba ar aqvs kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos imave saganze da
imave safuZvliT, xolo Tu mimarTavs sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, romelzec SeiZleba saCivris Setana.
342
343
ruli sarCeli), sasamarTlom unda Secvalos uzrunvelyofis mis mier miRebuli RonisZieba.
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb ganCinebis gasaCivreba avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs am ganCinebis aRsrulebas (194-e muxlis me-4 nawili), magram sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis an erTi saxis meoriT Secvlis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze saCivris Setana avtomaturad
SeaCerebs am ganCinebis aRsrulebas, ris Sesaxebac sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (ganCineba sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis (Secvlis) Taobaze gamotanili ganCinebis aRsrulebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb), rac
dauyonebliv unda ecnobos saaRsrulebo oganoebs,
Tu isini ukve Seudgnen gauqmebuli (Secvlili) ganCinebis aRsrulebas. es imas niSnavs, rom ganCineba sarCelis uzrunvelyofis gauqmebis (Secvlis) Sesaxeb SeiZleba aRsruldes mis kanonieri ZalaSi Sesvlis an saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Semdeg.
XXIII Tavi, romelic sarCelis uzrunvelyofas
eZRvneba, kerZod 191-e muxlis me-3 nawili, 194-e muxlis me-2, me-4 da me-5 nawilebi, 197-e muxli, 1971 muxli
iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi ganCinebebis gasaCivrebas ara
kerZo saCivriT, aramed am ganCinebebis saCivriT gasaCivrebas, saCivris Setanas da a.S.
aseTma siaxlem ar unda gamoiwvios raime praqtikuli gaugebroba: saCivars mxolod imitom ewodeboda da
ewodeba kerZo, rom sasamarTlos mier ganCinebis
formiT gamotanili dadgenileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis formiT miRebuli
dadgenilebisagan gancalkevebiT da misgan damoukideblad. sxva aranairi datvirTva sityva kerZos, romelic win uswrebs sityva saCivars (kerZo saCivari) - ar
aqvs.
magram am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebi
da praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania is, rom
sarCelis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT miRebul
ganCinebebze Setanili saCivrebis ganxilvisaTvis
kanonmdebelma mTlianad SeinarCuna is wesi, romelic
arsebobda kerZo saCivrebis ganxilvisaTvis, xolo kerZo saCivrebis ganxilvis wesebSi Seitana cvlilebebi.
345
amJamad, kerZo saCivars veRar ganixilavs gasaCivrebuli ganCinebis gamomtani sasamarTlo da igi saqmesTan
erTad dauyonebliv unda gadaegzavnos zemdgom sasamarTlos (ix. 1971-e da 417-e muxlebis komentari).
347
348
349
fis RonisZiebaTa saxeebi, romelic araa amomwuravi. kanonmdebels ar SeeZlo mieTiTebina Tu romel konkretul SemTxvevaSi romeli RonisZieba unda gamoeyenebina sasamarTlos. es sakiTxi TviTon sasamarTlom unda gadawyvitos imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria sasarCelo
moTxovnis xasiaTi da Sinaarsi an TviTon mosarCelis winadadeba. (ix. 191-e muxlis pirveli nawilis komentari). magaliTad, Tu aRZrulia sarCeli nivTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb, am sarCelis uzrunvelsayofad sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos yadaRa, romelic SeuzRudavs mopasuxes misi gankargvis (gayidvis, gaCuqebis, gaqiravebis da a. S.) uflebamosilebas.
magram, Tu sarCeli aRZrulia raime nawarmoebis (gamogonebis) Tanaavtorad cnobis Sesaxeb, uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebad sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos am
nawarmoebis gamoqveynebis (danergvis) akrZalva.
2. praqtikaSi yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneben yadaRas. yadaRa _ esaa qonebis aRwera da am qonebis gankargvis (gayidvis, gaCuqebis, gaqiravebis, ijariT gacemis
da a. S.) akrZalva.
_ yadaRa SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ara marto qonebriv, aramed araqonebriv davebSic. magaliTad, moraluri zianis anazRaurebis dros, romelic ar ganekuTvneba qonebriv davebs, mopasuxes SeiZleba daekisros fuladi Tanxis gadaxdevineba mosarCelis sasargeblod, ris uzrunvelsayofodac mis qonebas SeiZleba daedos yadaRa.
b) es qvepunqti ar Seicavs konkretul miTiTebas Tu
raSi SeiZleba gamoixatos moqmedebis akrZalva. praqtikaSi yvelaze gavrcelebulia SemTxveva, rodesac mopasuxes ekrZaleba Seasrulos, xolo Tu dawyebulia
gaagrZelos mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebi, raime produqciis gamoSveba da sxva. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis am saxis (moqmedebis akrZalvis) gamoyeneba mTlianad damokidebulia sarCelis xasiaTze, imaze Tu ras moiTxovs mosarCele.
g) sekvestri anu qonebis iZulebiTi marTva gaT351
28
352
2. sarCelis uzrunvelyofis aq CamoTvlili RonisZiebebis wre sakmaod farToa, magram araa amomwuravi
da sasamarTlos SeuZlia sxva RonisZiebebis gamoyenebac an erTdroulad ramdenime RonisZiebis gatareba.
gauqmda am sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba - SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT; aseve
sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis
Sesaxeb (272-e muxli), romliTac agreTve gauqmda sarCelis uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba, SeiZleba gasaCivrdes kerZo saCivriT (274-e muxli), xolo sasamarTlos ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis
Sesaxeb (275-e muxli), romliTac gauqmda sarCelis
uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba, SeiZleba gasaCivrdes
kerZo saCivriT (276-e muxli).
rogorc vxedavT, Tu uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis
gauqmeba xdeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT an ganCinebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis an sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, maSin es gadawyvetileba
da ganCinebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes Sesabamisad saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivriT da kerZo saCivriT, magram Tu uzrunvelyofis RonisZiebis gauqmeba xdeba
mopasuxis gancxadebis safuZvelze da sasamarTlos
ganCinebiT, maSin es ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saCivriT (197-e muxli).
uzrunvelyofis RonisZieba gauqmebulad CaiTvleba mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac kanonier ZalaSi Seva
gadawyvetileba (ganCineba), romliTac igi gauqmda.
357
T a v i
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358
mosamarTlis TanaSemwes SeuZlia mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulos saqmis momzadebaSi, yvela im saproceso
moqmedebaTa SesrulebaSi, romlebic xels Seuwyoben
am saqmis sworad da droulad gadawyvetas.
_ mosamarTlis TanaSemwes, Tu mas daevaleba saqmis
momzadeba, SeuZlia miiRos zomebi mxareTa morigebisaTvis, daniSnos mosamzadebeli sxdoma, miiRos ganCinebebi, romelTa gamotana dasaSvebia am sxdomaze (208209-e muxlebi) da a. S.
_ TanaSemwis saqmianobas xelmZRvanelobs mosamarTle.
aRZvras, xom ar uaryofs sarCelis dasaSvebobas, xom ar eqneba acileba sasamarTlos an mosamarTlis mimarT da a. S.;
e) vin SeiZleba Caebas procesSi Tanamonawileebad an mesame pirebad;
v) romeli mowme unda iqnes gamoZaxebuli
sasamarTlo sxdomaze.
a) sasamarTlom sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebisTanave
unda daiwyos misi momzadeba, risTvisac igi iRebs ganCinebas sarCelisa da masze darTuli sabuTebis aslebis mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb. mopasuxes unda gadaegzavnos yvela metnaklebad mniSvnelovani werilobiTi masala, romelic Semovida sasamarTloSi
mogvianebiT, e.i mas Semdeg, rac miRebuli da gadagzavnili iqna aRniSnuli ganCineba.
b) mopasuxis mier werilobiTi pasuxis Sedgenisa da
misi sasamarTloSi wardgenis vadas niSnavs mosamarTle. am vadis gansazRvrisas mosamarTlem mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos samoqalaqo saqmeTa sasamarTloSi ganxilvis saerTo vada (59-e muxli) da sarCelis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, dro, romelic saWiro iqneba masze pasuxis gasacemad (werilobiTi Sesageblis Sesadgenad).
2. am muxlis meore nawili Seicavs im sakiTxebis CamonaTvals, romlebzec pasuxis gacema savaldebuloa mopasuxisaTvis. cxadia, mopasuxes SeuZlia ar Semoifarglos am sakiTxebiT da Tavisi iniciativiT dasvas da pasuxi gasces iseT sakiTxebzec, romlebic ar
iyo sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi dasmuli. Tavis mxriv, sasamarTloc araa SeboWili 201-e muxlis me-2 nawilSi miTiTebuli sakiTxebiT da SeuZlia gaafarTovos im sakiTxTa wre, romlebzec mizanSewonilia pasuxi gasces
mopasuxem.
_ im ukiduresad iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis masalebidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos es mizanSewonilad miaCnia, mopasuxes SeiZleba mieces damatebiTi, magram Semoklebuli vada mis mier arasrulyofi361
lad Sedgenili werilobiTi Sesageblis xarvezis Sesavsebad, rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom masSi araa pasuxi sasamarTlos ganCinebaSi dasmul yvela
kiTxvaze, an es pasuxebi bundovania ( 203-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
_ mopasuxis mier werilobiTi Sesageblis sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi warudgenloba arTmevs mas
uflebas Seasrulos es moqmedeba dagvianebiT _ saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg (206-e da 215-e muxlebi), ris Sesaxebac gafrTxilebas unda Seicavdes ganCineba. magaliTad, Tu mopasuxem ar warmoadgina Sesagebeli, an warmoadgina magram ar gasca pasuxi kiTxvaze, xom ar apirebs Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvras, xom
ar eqneba acileba mosamarTlis mimarT, an kidev, romeli mowme unda iqnes gamoZaxebuli sasamarTloSi da a.
S. maSin saqmis momzadebis damTavrebis Semdeg sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar daakmayofilos misi Suamdgomlobebi am sakiTxebze (33-e, 188-e 215-e muxlebi).
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1. es muxli Seicavs im saproceso moqmedebaTa araamomwurav CamonaTvals, romelTa Sesruleba, saqmis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonili da
aucilebelia am saqmis saTanadod momzadebis mizniT.
_ 203-e muxlis adresatia mosamarTle. aq CamoTvlili saproceso moqmedebebi mosamarTlem unda Seasrulos. saqme isaa, rom samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi
marTalia agebulia SejibrebiTobis principze, magram
igi Seicavs samZebro principis elementebsac, oRond
imis sruli gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ar Seilaxos romelime mxaris interesebi. sasamarTlos iniciativa mxolod
kanonis farglebSia dasaSvebi (me-4 muxli).
a) mxareebis mier warmodgenili werilobiTi masalebi, magaliTad,
mopasuxis werilobiTi Sesagebeli, mosarCelis werilobiTi mosazrebebi am Sesagebelze (202-e muxli),
nivTieri Tu werilobiTi sabuTebi, gancxadebebi, Suadgomlobebi da a. S. SeiZleba ar iyos srulyofilad
Sedgenili an, saerTod, ar iyos warmodgenili.
sasamarTlos SeuZlia winadadeba misces mxareebs
Seavson yvela naklovanebebi da xarvezebi, risTvisac
daniSnavs vadas.
b) mtkicebulebebs sasamarTlos warudgenen mxareebi (103-e muxli). sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia TviTon, Tavisi iniciativiT, daiwyos mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba.
mas SeuZlia gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi fizikuri
Tu iuridiuli pirebidan mxolod mxareTa TxovniT,
romlebmac TviTon, uSualod es ver SeZles ama Tu im
mizezis gamo (134-e muxlis me-2 nawili 154-e muxlis me2 nawili);
g) saqmis droulad gadawyvetis mizniT sasurvelia,
rom damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe mesame pirebisa
da Tanamonawileebis daSvebis sakiTxi sasamarTlos winaSe daisvas da momzadebis stadiaze gadawydes. am sakiTxebis gadawyvetis dros sasamarTlom unda ixelmZRvanelos 86-e da 89-e muxlebiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
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oqmis ganuyofel nawils, romelTa mniSvneloba mTlianad amoiwureba oqmis mniSvnelobiT (287-e muxli).
specialists ufleba aqvs gaecnos im saproceso moqmedebis oqms, romelSic igi monawileobda, warmoadginos Tavisi SeniSvnebi oqmis mimarT, miuTiTos mis usworobaze Tu usrulobaze.
caa mxareebis mier damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis warmodgena, sasamarTlos mier mxareTa TxovniT am mtkicebulebebis gamoTxova, mesame pirebisa da Tanamonawileebis procesSi Cabma, adgilze daTvalierebis Catareba, eqspertizis daniSvna, specialistis mowveva
da a. S.
_ kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs da ar gulisxmobs mosamzadebeli sxdomis gadadebas, ganmeorebiT daniSvnas Tu mravaljer Catarebis SesaZleblobas. Tu mosamzadebel sxdomaze mxareebs ganesazRvraT raime
saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba, es moqmedeba unda
Sesruldes sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi. ukidures SemTxvevaSi mosamzadebeli sxdoma SeiZleba meored dainiSnos, Tu es aucilebelia, magaliTad, Tu
mxareebs miecaT maTive SuamdgomlobiT dro morigebisaTvis.
_ mosamzadebeli sxdomis gadadeba im motiviT, rom
erT-erTi an orive mxare ar gamocxadda, dauSvebelia.
sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos mTavari sxdoma im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca saqme faqtiurad ar aris momzadebuli mxareTa pasiurobis gamo (ix. 207-e muxlis komentari).
2. mosamzadebeli sxdomis gadazrda mTavar sxdomaSi SeiZleba dasaSvebi da gamarTlebuli iyos, Tu am
sxdomaze gamocxadda orive mxare da isini Suamdgomloben sasamarTlos winaSe, rom man ganixilos da gadawyvitos es saqme saqmeSi arsebuli masalebis mixedviT
(ix. 209-e muxlis komentari).
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_ saqmis momzadeba ar SeiZleba dausruleblad gagrZeldes, igi unda damTavrdes gonivrul vadaSi, e. i.
iseT vadaSi, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes am saqmis ganxilva da gadawyveta kanoniT gansazRvrul vadaSi (59-e
muxlis me-3 nawili). mTavari sxdoma SeiZleba dainiSnos Tu saqme momzadebulia.
_ magram rogor unda moiqces sasamarTlo iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mxareebi, an erT-erTi mxare (xSirad
mopasuxe) ar aqtiurobs, ufro metic, Segnebulad cdilobs saqmis momzadebis, saboloo angariSSi ki, saqmis
ganxilvis gaWianurebas, ris gamoc saqme faqtiurad moumzadebelia, xolo saqmis ganxilvis vadebi iwureba?
SeiZleba Tu ara aseT pirobebSi mTavari sxdomis
daniSvna?
_ samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT,
`saqmis sakmaod momzadebuloba~ ar niSnavs aucileblad am saqmis realurad momzadebas. igi SeiZleba ar
iyos momzadebuli imis gamo, rom mxareebi ar iCenen sakmao interess am saqmisadmi, ar asruleben saWiro saproceso moqmedebas, magram saqme mainc momzadebulad unda CaiTvalos, Tu sasamarTlom TviTon Seasrula yvela is saproceso moqmedeba, rac mas samsaxurebrivad evaleboda da droulad gaafrTxila mxareebi saproceso moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis aucileblobaze da maTi Seusruleblobis Sedegebze.
_ aseT pirobebSi sasamarTlos ara marto ar SeuZlia, aramed uflebac ar aqvs daelodos Tu rodis inebebs mxare Seasrulos esa Tu is saproceso moqmedeba.
amitom mas gamoaqvs ganCineba saqmis momzadebis dasrulebisa da am saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvis daniSvnis Sesaxeb.
_ sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze saqmis ganxilvis
daniSvnis Sesaxeb ganCinebiT mTavrdeba momzadebis
etapi (werilobiTi Sejibreba) da iwyeba axali etapi _
saqmis mTavar sxdomaze zepiri ganxilvis (zepiri Sejibrebis) etapi (210-e muxli).
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uZlia miiRos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb (ix. 272-e muxlis komentari). saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis mizniT mosamarTles, Tu igi amas mizanSewonilad CaTvlis, SeuZlia moiwvios mosamzadebeli sxdoma, magram mxareTa gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs
sakiTxis gadawyvetas.
_ ganCinebaze saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (274-e muxli).
_ ssk 275-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebis
arsebobisas, garda am muxlis `g~ da `d~ qvepunqtebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebisa, mosamarTlem ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi, rac gamovlinda saqmis momzadebis stadiaze, mas SeuZlia ganuxilvelad datovos sarCeli.
mosamzadebeli sxdomis mowveva am SemTxvevaSic araa
aucilebeli, magram Tu mosamarTles mizanSewonilad
miaCnia, SeuZlia moiwvios igi. mxareTa gamoucxadebloba sakiTxis gadawyvetas ver daabrkolebs.
_ mosamzadebeli sxdoma araa saqmis momzadebis stadiis savaldebulo elementi. aqedan gamomdinare, arc
am sxdomaze mxareTa gamocxadeba SeiZleba CavTvaloT savaldebulod da davukavSiroT mas is Sedegebi, romlebic sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobas ukavSirdeba, kerZod, ar SeiZleba
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotana, sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba, roca ar cxaddeba mosamzadebel sxdomaze mosarCele da sarCelis ganuxilvelad
datoveba, roca orive mxare ar cxaddeba. amitom, mosamzadebel stadiaze an mosamzadebel sxdomaze sarCelis ganuxilvelad datoveba ssk 275-e muxlis `g~ da
`d~ qvepunqtebis safuZvelze, romelic sasamarTlos
mTavar sxdomas gulisxmobs, dauSvebelia, garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca Sesabamisi pirobebis arsebobisas mosamzadebeli sxdoma gadaizarda mTavar sxdomaSi (ix. 205-e muxlis komentari).
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T a v i
XXV
muxli). sasamarTlos mTavari sxdomis aseTi mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi sakmaod detalurad gansazRvravs misi Catarebis wesebs.
_ saqmis ganxilva mTavar sxdomaze Tanmimdevrulad mimdinare ramdenime etapisagan Sedgeba. pirveli etapia_ sxdomis gaxsna.
1. Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom sasamarTlom zustad daicvas mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb mxareTa da sxva pirTa gamoZaxebis uwyebaSi miTiTebuli dro (dRe, saaTi). sxdoma unda daiwyos im dRes
da im saaTze, rac uwyebaSi iyo miTiTebuli, xolo Tu
es ver xerxdeba, maSin mosamarTle an misi TanaSemwe
zustad am droisaTvis acnobebs mxareebs da sxva pirebs Tu ra mizeziT ar iwyeba procesi daniSnul dros
da ramdeni SeiZleba daagviandes sxdomis gaxsnas.
2. jer kidev sxdomis dawyebis win (sanam sasamarTlo (mosamarTle) Semova sxdomis darbazSi), sxdomis
mdivanma unda Seamowmos gamosaZaxebel pirTagan vin
gamocxadda da arkvevs gamoucxadeblobis mizezebs,
kerZod, CabardaT Tu ara maT uwyeba da aris Tu ara
saqmeSi cnoba amis Sesaxeb, xom ar aris warmodgenili
raime cnoba (magaliTad, avadmyofobis Sesaxeb) gamoucxadeblobis mizezebis Sesaxeb da a. S.
_ gamocxadebulTa vinaobas adgens uSualod mosamarTle. mxareTa da sxva pirTa (mowmis, eqspertis, Tarjimnis) vinaobis dadgenis mizniT, Tu es aucilebelia,
mosamarTles SeuZlia moiTxovos piradobis damadasturebeli sabuTi. Tu saqmeSi monawileobs warmomadgeneli, misi uflebamosilebisa da am uflebamosilebaTa farglebis dadgenis mizniT mosamarTle unda gaecnos mindobilobas, Seamowmos misi gacemis wesi.
_ sasamarTlo sxdomaze wesrigis uzrunvelyofisaTvis didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba eniWeba procesis monawileebisa da sxdomaze damswre pirebis
gafrTxilebas. amisaTvis mosamarTlem unda gaacnos
maT kanonis danawesi, kerZod 211-e da 212-e muxlebis
Sinaarsi (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
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oitanos gankarguleba am piris 30 dReRamemde vadiT patimrobis Sesaxeb. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac ori da
orze meti mosamarTlea, gankarguleba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo
Tu darRveva moxda sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris monawileobiT gamarTul sxdomaze,
gankarguleba gamoaqvs mis mier gansazRvrul
sxva mosamarTles. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, sadac erTi mosamarTlea, gankarguleba gamoaqvs uaxloesi raionuli
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares. Tu
am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli darRveva moxda
saqmis magistrati mosamarTlis mier ganxilvisas, gankarguleba gamoaqvs im raionul
(saqalaqo) sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, romlis SemadgenlobaSicaa es magistrati mosamarTle. saapelacio sasamarTloSi gankarguleba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, xolo Tu darRveva moxda misi monawileobiT gamarTul sxdomaze, gankarguleba
gamoaqvs saapelacio sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris moadgiles an mis mier gansazRvrul
sxva mosamarTles. saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi, garda didi palatisa, gankarguleba gamoaqvs erT-erTi palatis Tavmjdomares. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos did palataSi saqmis ganxilvisas gankarguleba gamoaqvs im mosamarTles, romelic ar monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi. dakavebuli piri, Tu amis aucilebloba arsebobs,
SeiZleba gadaeces policias. Tu dapatimrebis Sesaxeb gankarguleba gamotanil iqna
procesis monawilis mimarT. sasamarTlo sxdoma SeiZleba gadaidos aRniSnuli vadiT.
gankarguleba miiReba zepiri mosmenis safuZ-
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marTloSi arasapatio mizeziT, an Tavs aaridebs movaleobis Sesrulebas, igi SeiZleba dajarimdes 50 lariT.
1. samarTalwarmoeba xorcieldeba saxelmwifo enaze, xolo Tu mxarem ar icis saxelmwifo ena, mas mieCineba Tarjimani (me-9 muxli). Tarjimani monawileobs saqmis ganxilvaSi sasamarTlo sxdomis sawyisi etapidan,
radgan mxarem unda icodes yvelaferi, rac xdeba sxdomaze misi dawyebidan damTavrebamde.
_ mosamarTle ver Secvlis Tarjimans, e. i. man kidec rom icodes is ena, romelic icis mxarem, Tarjimani mainc unda iqnes mowveuli.
_ piris Tarjimnad mowvevis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba mxareTa mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
2. mosamarTle yovelTvis valdebulia gaafrTxilos Tarjimani, rom Segnebulad araswori TargmnisaTvis igi pasuxs agebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 370-e muxlis mixedviT.
3. Tarjimnis sasamarTloSi gamoucxadeblobisaTvis
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba araa gaTvaliswinebuli, magram masze SeiZleba sazogadoebrivi zemoqmedebis RonisZiebis gatareba da dajarimeba 50 lariT.
_ TarjimnisaTvis gadasaxdeli Tanxis odenobis gansazRvra xdeba 45-e muxlis Sesabamisad (ix. am muxlis
komentari). am Tanxis anazRaureba ki xdeba saxelmwifo biujetis xarjze (`saerTo sasamarTloebis Sesaxeb~
kanonis me-10 muxli).
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ovs mosamarTlis acilebas, man unda miuTiTos faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebsac kanoni ukavSirebs acilebas (29-e, 31-e muxlebi), Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs
mowmis gamoZaxebaze da dakiTxvaze, man unda miuTiTos
Tu ra garemoebis dadastureba SeuZlia mas (140-e muxli) da a.S.
mexuTe - sasamarTlom yovelTvis mtkiced da
ganuxrelad unda ebZrolos saqmis ganxilva-gadawyvetis gaWianurebis mcdelobas. amitom, mxaris yovelgvari Suamdgomloba, romelic mimarTulia saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebisaken, sasamarTlom arc unda ganixilos. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad sasamarTlos saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win mxare Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, rom gadados saqmis ganxilva, raTa aiyvanos advokati (an mowmis saxiT gamouZaxos ama Tu im pirs, an daniSnos eqspertiza da a.S.). aseTi Suamdgomlobebi aSkarad mimarTulia saqmis ganxilvis gaWianurebisaken, radgan aranairi axali garemoebebi ar warmoSobila da aseTi Suamdgomlobebis dayeneba mas SeeZlo jer kidev momzadebis stadiaze da,
miT ufro, sasamarTlo sxdomis gaxsnis stadiaze.
2. 215-e muxlis me-2 nawili azrisa da Sinaarsis Tanaxmad sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze dauSvebelia raime
werilobiTi Tu nivTieri mtkicebulebebis wardgena,
raime Suamdgomlobebisa Tu gancxadebebis aRZvra, sarCelis Secvla an sasarCelo moTxovnis gadideba, mowmis dasaxeleba da a.S.
magram, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, aseTi SuamdgomlobebiT Tu gancxadebebiT mimarTva dasaSvebia mTavari sxdomis gaxsnis etapze (stadiaze), e.i. sanam sasamarTlo gadavidodes saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvaze,
sanam daiwyebodes sxdomis meore etapi - saqmis ganxilva (217-e muxli).
sasamarTloebma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRon is garemoebac, rom am etapzec, e.i. mTavari sxdomis gaxsnis
etapzec, raime axali mtkicebulebebi, Suamdgomlobebi, gancxadebebi, SeiZleba miiRos da ganixilos sasa391
marTlom mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini warmodgenili da aRZruli ar iyo am saqmis momzadebis stadiaze
sapatio mizeziT, romlis damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba axali mtkicebulebebis warmomdgens Tu Suamdgomlobebis aRmZvrel mxares; Tu es mxare ver daamtkicebs sapatio mizezis arsebobas, sasamarTlo saerTod
ar miiRebs da ar ganixilavs am mxaris Suamdrgomlobebs.
axali mtkicebulebebis miRebaze Tu gamoTxovaze,
an gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis miRebaze, ganxilvaze an dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmas ar SeiZleba moyves saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba. sasamarTlom unda
gaagrZelos saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos gadawyvetileba. mxares SeuZlia aseTi uaris Tqmis aramarTlzomierebis Sesaxeb miuTiTos Tavis saapelacio
(sakasacio) saCivarSi (377-e da 407-e muxlebi).
saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba gadaidos mxolod erT
SemTxvevaSi Tu mxares hqonda sapatio mizezi, ris
gamoc droulad ver warmoadgina axali mtkicebulebebi da ver aRZra Sesabamisi Suamdgomlobebi.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili Seicavs sapatio mizezebis
sanimuSo da imavdroulad araamomwurav
CamonaTvals, romlebsac SeeZloT dabrkoleba SeeqmnaT mxarisaTvis gancxadebebisa da Suamdgomlobebis
sasamarTlosaTvis droulad wardgenisaTvis. es mizezebia: a) mxaris avadmyofoba, rac unda dadasturdes
samedicino dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelis xelmowerili dokumentiT da b) axlo naTesavis gardacvalebiT.
aq miTiTebulia agreTve sxva obieqtur garemoebebzec, romlebsac SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT cnobili stiqiuri movlenebi, xangrZlivi mivlineba, sasamarTlos
reorganizacia da sxva, romlebsac SeeZloT xeli SeeSalaT mxarisaTvis droulad waredgina sasamarTloSi
Suamdgomlobebi, mtkicebulebebi, gancxadebebi.
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debis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva gagrZeldeba im stadiidan, romelzec igi gadaido, magram sasamarTlos
ufleba eniWeba gadauxvios am wess da TviTon gansazRvros Tu romeli stadiidan gaagrZelos saqmis
ganxilva.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad mowmis, eqspertis, specialistis gamoucxadeblobis miuxedavad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar gadados am saqmis ganxilva da gamoitanos gadawyvetileba mxolod erTi pirobiT: Tu
maTi gamoucxadebloba, xels ar uSlis saqmis garemoebaTa yovelmxriv, srul da obieqtur gamokvlevas. sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Tu ara saqmis garemoebaTa
yovelmxrivi, sruli da obieqturi gamokvleva mowmis,
eqspertisa da specialistis gareSe - gadawyvets sasamarTlo mxareTa mosazrebebis mosmenis Semdeg.
3. Tu sasamarTlom daadgina saqmis ganxilvis gadadeba, igi valdebulia daniSnos dRe axali sxdomisaTvis
imave ganCinebiT, romliTac am saqmis ganxilva gadaido.
amis Sesaxeb sasamarTlom maSinve unda acnobos sasamarTloze gamocxadebul pirebs da afrTxilebs maT
axal daniSvnul sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb danarCenebs ki acnobebs axali sxdomis dRis
Sesaxeb 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT.
4. arasamuSao dros da, miT ufro, dasvenebisa da
uqme dReebSi raime saproceso moqmedebis Sesruleba
principulad dauSvebelia, magram rogorc gamonaklisi es dasaSvebia mxolod orive mxaris TanxmobiT.
5. saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba, romelic SeiZleba Setanil iqnes
oqmSi (284-e muxli). am saoqmo ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos saqmis ganxilvis gadadebis safuZveli, axali sxdomis Catarebis dRe da saaTi, axali saproceso
moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis dro, im pirTa xelmowerebi,
romlebic eswrebian sxdomas da maTi gafrTxilebis
Sesaxeb gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Taobaze.
am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
395
arisaTvis xelsayrelobaze. SesTavazos maT morigebis pirobebi da amiT moaxdinos maTze saWiro zemoqmedeba am TvalsazrisiT.
rac Seexeba davis gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze
miTiTebas, aq mosamarTlem unda gamoiCinos gansakuTrebuli sifrTxile: mxare SeiZleba ar wavides
morigebaze, Tu mosamarTlem ganacxada (miuTiTa) rom
dava SeiZleba gadawydes ama Tu im mxaris sasargeblod
an sarCeli SeiZleba dakmayofildes mTlianad an nawilobriv da da.S. arc morigebis win da arc morigebis
Semdeg SeiZleba ar iyos mizanSewonili davis gadawyvetis SesaZlo Sedegebze miTiTeba.
_ SekiTxvis moxsnis sakiTxi SeiZleba daayenos mxarem (warmomadgenelma). SekiTxva Tavisi iniciativiT
(mxaris Suamdgomlobis gareSec) SeuZlia moxsnas mosamarTlem, kolegiis Tavmjdomarem, an sasamarTlos
kolegiam erTmaneTTan moTaTbirebis Sedegad.
reebs da maT warmomadgenlebs ilaparakon iseT sakiTxebze, romlebsac ar aqvT mniSvneloba saqmisaTvis.
2. Tu saqme kargad iyo momzadebuli, rogorc amas
es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs, Tu TviTon sasamarTloc
kargadaa momzadebuli da saqmis ganxilva zedmetad
da usargeblod ar Wianurdeba _ sasamarTlos mTavari
sxdoma da saqmis gadawyveta Zalian swrafad, Sesvenebis gareSe unda damTavrdes.
409
410
paeqroba _ esaa Semajamebeli sityva. paeqrobaSi monawileoba da maSasadame, Semajamebeli sityvis warmoTqmis ufleba aqvT mxareebs, Tanamonawileebs, mesame pirebs damoukidebeli moTxovniT Tu mis gareSe, warmomadgenlebs.
_ mopaeqre Tavis sityvaSi unda Seecados gaanalizos saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebi, aRniSnos saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone romeli garemoebebi
(faqtebi) dasturdeba, am mtkicebulebebiT, romeli
garemoebebi (faqtebi) ver dadasturda da romel mxares ekisreboda maTi dadasturebis (damtkicebis)
tvirTi. mxares SeuZlia sabolood Camoayalibos Tu
romeli garemoebebi dadasturda mtkicebulebebis
meSveobiT da romeli kanoni unda iqnes gamoyenebuli
am saqmis gadawyvetis dros.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs paeqrobaSi monawileTa rigiTobas, romelic zustad unda daicvas sasamarTlom.
_ paeqrobas xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo, romelmac ar unda dauSvas iseTi gamosvla, romelic scildeba paeqrobis mizans.
_ SekiTxvebi mopaeqris mimarT dauSvebelia.
411
1. replika _ esaa xelmeored gamosvla, rac ganpirobebulia paeqrobaSi monawile pirisaTvis pasuxis
gacemis saWiroebiT.
_ replikis, anu sapasuxo gamosvlis rigiToba unda
Seesabamebodes paeqrobaSi monawileobis rigiTobas
(227-e muxlis me-2 nawili), oRond imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ukanaskneli replikis ufleba yovelTvis aqvs
mopasuxes da mis warmomadgenels.
_ replika _ esaa ufleba, romliTac SeuZliaT isargeblon, magram SeuZliaT uari Tqvan masze.
2. paeqrobiT mTavrdeba mTavari sxdoma da sasamarTlo gadis gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad.
_ saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlis win sasamarTlom yovelTvis unda gamoacxados, rom igi gadis gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad.
412
T a v i
XXVI
dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
muxli 229. mosarCelis
gamoucxadebloba
1. Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze ar
gamocxaddeba mosarCele, romelsac gaegzavna Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT, mopasuxis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. Tu mopasuxe ar moiTxovs dauswrebeli
gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, rasac ukavSirdeba 276278-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedegebi. Tu mopasuxe sarCelis ganuxilvelad
datovebis winaaRmdegia, sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas. mosarCelis ganmeorebiT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas.
1. Tu sasamarTlos sxdomaze gamocxadda mopasuxe,
magram ar gamocxadda mosarCele, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis gamo, magram, mxolod ori pirobis erTdroulad arsebobisas: pirveli _ mopasuxe
Suamdgomlobs sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa man gamoitanos dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb; meore _ ar arsebobs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis damabrkolebeli garemoebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 233-e
muxlis pirveli nawiliT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
413
valdebuloa, maSin ramdenime mosarCelidan erTis gamocxadeba an ramdenime mopasuxidan erT-erTis gamocxadeba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom sasamarTlom gamoitanos ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba. savaldebulo Tanamonawileobis dros erTi
Tanamonawilis gamocxadeba niSnavs yvela Tanamonawilis gamocxadebas (ix. 86-e muxlis komentari).
_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva moTxovna sxvadasxva mopasuxis mimarT, maSin gamocxadebuli mopasuxis mimarT gamotanili unda iqnes Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, xolo gamoucxadebeli mopasuxis (mopasuxeebis) mimarT _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.
_ Tu erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mosarCelis sxvadasxva moTxovnebi sxvadasxva mopasuxis mimarT, maSin SeiZleba gamoucxadebel mosarCeleTa Tu mopasuxeTa mimarT gamotanil iqnes dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, xolo gamocxadebulebis mimarT _
Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba (ix. 182-e muxlis me-3 nawilis komentari).
estrSi, xolo am binis yofili mesakuTre aris mopasuxe, romelmac dakarga biniT sargeblobis ufleba.magram winaaRmdegia gaaTavisuflos bina da Tanaxmaa gadaixados binis qira. mosarCeles ki unda am binis
sastumrod gadakeTeba. mopasuxis mTavar sasamarTlo
sxdomaze gamoucxadeblobis gamo, yvela es faqtebi
dadasturebulad unda CaiTvalos, magram sasamarTlom
es faqtebi unda Seafasos iuridiulad. samoqalaqo kodeqsis 307-e muxlis me-4 nawilis Tanaxmad: `axal SemZenze sakuTrebis gadasvliT Zveli mesakuTre ganixileba damqiraveblad sabazro pirobebis Sesabamisad~.
amrigad, mosarCelis mier Tavisi moTxovnis dasasabuTeblad sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli faqtebi
ver amarTleben iuridiulad am moTxovnas, amitom sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras mosarCeles sarCelis
dakmayofilebaze Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT da es iqneba ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, aqedan gamomdinare yvela Tavisi SedegiT. sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis moiTxovs sasamarTloebisagan, raTa maT mtkiced daicvan 230-e muxlis me-2
nawilis danawesi da kargad Seamowmon Tu ramdenad
amarTleben iuridiulad sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi mosarCelis sasarCelo moTxovnas.30
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo sarCelSi miTiTebuli da damtkicebulad
CaTvlili garemoebebi nawilobriv amarTleben, magram
nawilobriv ar amarTleben iuridiulad mosarCelis
moTxovnebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos erTi saproceso dokumenti _ `gadawyvetileba _ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba~, romelSic aRniSnuli iqneba, Tu ra nawilSi dakmayofilda mosarCelis
moTxovna da ra nawilSi eTqva mas uari. moTxovnis is
nawili, romlis dakmayofilebaze uari eTqva mosarCeles _ aisaxeba erTiani saproceso dokumentis im nawilSi, romelsac `gadawyvetileba~ ewodeba, xolo moT30
417
na aseTi mxaris waxaliseba iqneboda, miT ufro, Tu saqmis masalebi misTvis xelsayreli gadawyvetilebis gamotanis safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes.
_ saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis win (217-e muxli) sasamarTlom unda gaafrTxilos mxareebi, rom saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobis miuRebloba an sxdomis mitoveba saqmis
ganxilvis nebismier etapze da sasamarTlos nebarTvis
gareSe, miCneul iqneba rogorc gamoucxadebloba da gamotanili iqneba dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba.
dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaSi mokled, magram naTlad da garkveviT unda mieTiTos yvelafer imaze, rac
aucileblad unda aisaxos gadawyvetilebebSi saerTod, samotivacio nawilis gareSe (249-e muxli). Tu dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba gamodis mopasuxis gamoucxadeblobis gamo, maSin dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaSi
miTiTebuli unda iyos kanonze (materialur-samarTlebriv normaze), romlis safuZvelze sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTleben mosarCelis moTxovnas (230-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ es muxli gansazRvravs Tu vis SeuZlia gaasaCivros dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da romel sasamarTloSi SeiZleba am gadawyvetilebis (mxedvelobaSia pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba) gasaCivreba.
_ dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaasaCivros im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac is gamotanilia,
xolo, Tu igi pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebaa, misi gasaCivreba unda moxdes im sasamarTloSi, romelmac is gamoitana.
425
(saboloo) gadawyvetilebis gadasinjvis dros, sasamarTlo am SemTxvevaSic ver gascdeba saCivris farglebs.
2. Tu saCivari dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Semoaqvs ara mxares, aramed mis warmomadgenels (advokats),
maSin am saCivars unda erTvodes specialuri uflebamosileba (98-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
_ Tu dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saCivari ar pasuxobs am muxlSi CamoTvlil moTxovnebs, an
ar aris gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJi im odenobiT, rac
gaTvaliswinebulia kerZo saCivrisaTvis (39-e muxlis
`d~ qvepunqti), sasamarTlo dauniSnavs vadas momCivans
xarvezis Sesavsebad. Tu xarvezi am vadaSi ar iqneba
Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris
miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo.
am ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (239-e
muxlis me-3 nawili).
_ saCivris asli egzavnebaT mxareebs am saCivris daSvebisa da gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb ganCinebasTan erTad (ssk 239-e muxlis me-2 nawili)
427
ilvaze, e.i. Tu saCivris ganxilvaze ar gamocxadda erTerTi an orive mxare, sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs sarCels: isini xom mowveuli iyvnen saCivris da ara sarCelis ganxilvaze. garda amisa, saCivris dakmayofilebisa
da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva SeiZleba imave sxdomaze gagrZeldes, Tu
am sxdomaze gamocxadebuli mxareebi an erT-erTi mxare motivirebul uars ar acxadebs amis winaaRmdeg da
sasamarTlos azriT Tu arsebobs saqmis ganxilvis yvela piroba, kerZod, Tu saWiro araa mowmeebis, eqspertebis, specialistebis da a. S. mowveva da dakiTxva.
_ Tu saqmis ganxilva amave sxdomaze araa SesaZlebeli, sasamarTlo axlo momavalSi mTavar sxdomas daniSnavs ris Sesaxebac iqve acnobebs mxareebs da afrTxilebs maT gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, rasac oqmSi xelismoweriT adastureben mxareebi. mxares,
an saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs (mowmeebs, eqspertebs,
specialistebs), romlebic am sxdomas ar eswrebodnen,
sasamarTlo atyobinebs axali sxdomis Sesaxeb 70-78-e
muxliT dadgenili wesiT. aseTi wesiT saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs axali gadawyvetileba sarCelis dakmayofilebis an dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.
2. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Taobaze Semotanili saCivari araa dasabuTebuli, e. i. mxaris gamoucxadebloba ar iyo gamowveuli sapatio mizeziT, sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb.
3. rogorc ganCineba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, ise axali gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT.
4. xarjebi, romlebic mxareebma gaswies dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, nawildeba mxareebs
Soris 53-e muxlis mixedviT (ix. am muxlis komentari),
e. i. Cveulebrivi wesiT.
429
_ gamoucxadeblobiT gamowveul xarjebSi igulisxmeba mxolod is xarjebi, rac gamowveulia dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze saCivris ganxilviT, am saCivris
ganxilvis Sedegad sasamarTlos mier miRebuli ganCinebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis gasaCivrebiT. am xarjebis gadaxda daekisreba im mxares, visi gamoucxadeblobis gamoc iyo gamotanili gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ar
aqvs vis sasargeblod damTavrda dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saCivris ganxilva.
430
431
T a v i XXVI I
sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba
muxli 243. saboloo gadawyvetileba
1. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac saqme wydeba arsebiTad, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetilebis formiT.
2. Tu gadawyvetileba gamoaqvs kolegiur sasamarTlos, igi dadgenil unda iqnes
xmebis umravlesobiT. arc erT mosamarTles ara aqvs ufleba Tavi Seikavos xmis
micemisagan. Tavmjdomare xmas aZlevs mosamarTleebis Semdeg. mosamarTles, romelic
ar eTanxmeba umravlesobas, SeuZlia werilobiT Camoayalibos Tavisi gansxvavebuli
azri. gansxvavebuli azri daerTvis saqmes,
magram sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi ar
gamocxaddeba. mosamarTleebs ufleba ara
aqvT gaaxmauron TaTbiris dros gamarTuli msjeloba.
1. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ramdenime saxis dadgenileba, rogoricaa ganCineba, gadawyvetileba, gadaxdis
brZaneba, brZaneba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb.
ganCineba _ esaa sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac
saqme arsebiTad ar wydeba (284-e muxli). gadaxdis
brZaneba _ esaa davalianebis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb
saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebuli sasamarTlos
dadgenileba, romelic avalebs mowinaaRmdege mxares
(movales) gadaixados am brZanebaSi miTiTebuli Tanxa
(303-e muxli). brZaneba lizingis sagnis dabrunebis
Sesaxeb _ esaa saqmis gamartivebuli wesiT miRebuli
sasamarTlos dadgenileba, lizingis sagnis gamcemis
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434
denime moTxovnidan, agreTve ramdenime mosarCelis mier an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT wardgenili moTxovnebidan erT-erTi
garkveulia da momzadebulia gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
mxareTa TxovniT gamoitanos nawilobrivi
gadawyvetileba am moTxovnis mimarT.
2. nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba, dainteresebuli mxaris TxovniT, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac aRZruli iyo Segebebuli sarCeli, garkveulia da gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad
momzadebulia erT-erTi _ sarCeli an Segebebuli sarCeli.
1. a) mosarCeles SeuZlia erT sarCelSi gaaerTianos
am sasamarTlos gansjadi ramdenime moTxovna erTi da
imave mopasuxis mimarT (182-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
Tu ramdenime moTxovnidan erT-erTi, an maTi nawili ukve garkveulia da mzadaa gadasawyvetad, sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos maT mimarT nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba, im SemTxvevaSi Tu mxare Suamdgomlobs
amis Sesaxeb. mxedvelobaSia dainteresebuli mxare da
ara aucileblad orive mxare erTdroulad.
b) ramdenime mosarCeles SeuZlia aRZras sarCeli
erTi an ramdenime mopasuxis mimarT (86-e muxli). Tu am
ramdenime mosarCelis moTxovnidan erT-erTi mosarCelis moTxovna garkveulia da mzadaa gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos nawilobrivi gadawyvetileba dainteresebuli mxaris
SuamdgomlobiT am moTxovnis mimarT.
2. rogorc wesi, ZiriTad da Segebebul sarCelze gamodis erTiani gadawyvetileba. es Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvris erT-erTi mizanicaa (188-e muxlis pirveli nawili). magram Tu garkveulia da mzadaa gadasawyvetad erT-erTi maTgani (ZiriTadi an Segebebuli), sa435
436
dawyvetilebas wers momxsenebeli mosamarTle. gadawyvetilebas xels awers yvela mosamarTle, maT Soris
mosamarTle, romelic ar eTanxmeba umravlesobiT miRebul am gadawyvetilebas da aqvs Tavisi gansxvavebuli pozicia.
_ arsebobs gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis Setanis
ori wesi, erTi _ roca Sesworebis Setanis aucilebloba warmoiSoba saTaTbiro oTaxSi da meore _ roca Sesworebis Setanis aucilebloba warmoiSoba gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg.
_ Tu Sesworebis (SeniSvnis) aucilebloba warmoiSoba saTaTbiro oTaxSi, maSin TviTon gadawyvetilebaSi SeiZleba gakeTdes es Sesworeba (Casworeba), amasTan, Tu sityva an fraza unda gadaiSalos, aseTi gadaSla ise unda moxdes, rom SesaZlebeli iyos imis amokiTxva, Tu ra ewera iq gadaSlamde, xolo mis Tavze unda moxdes Camateba. gadawyvetilebaSi unda Caiweros:
`endeT Casworebuls~ da xeli unda moaweros yvela im
mosamarTlem, romlebic xels aweren gadawyvetilebas.
dasaSvebia gadawyvetilebis xelmeored Camoyalibeba Tu Casworebebi bevria.
_ Sesworebebis (gasworebebis) Setana gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebis Semdeg SeiZleba moxdes 260-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT.
xovnis farglebiT. moTxovnis (sarCelis sagnis) Secvlis an misi gadidebis ufleba aqvs mxolod mosarCeles (83-e muxlis me-2 nawili).
_ sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba unda Seicavdes pasuxs mosarCelis mier gancxadebul moTxovnaze, daakmayofilos igi mTlianad an nawilobriv, an kidev uari
Tqvas mis dakmayofilebaze. e. i. sasamarTlos sruli
ufleba aqvs miakuTvnos mosarCeles imaze naklebi,
vidre igi moiTxovda, Tu sruli moculobiT gancxadebuli moTxovnis dakmayofilebis safuZveli ver dasturdeba, magram mas ufleba ar aqvs miakuTvnos mosarCeles imaze meti, vidre is moiTxovda, saqmis masalebiT kidec rom dasturdebodes ufro metis moTxovnis safuZveli. sakasacio sasamarTlo yovelTvis auqmebs gadawyvetilebas, rodesac darRveulia am muxlis
danawesi.33
439
sazrebani, romlebiTac sasamarTlo uaryofs ama Tu im mtkicebulebas, da kanonebi, romlebiTac sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobda.
5. gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili
unda Seicavdes sasamarTlos daskvnas sarCelis dakmayofilebis an sarCelze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb,
miTiTebas sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze, agreTve miTiTebas gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis vadasa da wesze.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili gansazRvravs sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis struqturas. gadawyvetileba
zustad unda pasuxobdes am struqturas da Camoyalibdes im TanmimdevrobiT, rogorsac es muxli gvTavazobs.
2. Tu gadawyvetilebaSi araa miTiTebuli misi gamotanis adgili, maSin iTvleba, rom sasamarTlos misamarTi aris misi gamotanis adgili. gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli misi gamomtani sasamarTlos dasaxeleba unda
emTxveodes oqmSi miTiTebul sasamarTlos Semadgenlobas. Tu ar emTxveva _ es SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, radgan gadawyvetileba
gamotanilia ara im mosamarTleebis mier, romlebmac
ganixiles saqme, e. i. sasamarTlos arakanonieri Semadgenlobis mier (394-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti).
_ gadawyvetilebis miRebis TariRi unda emTxveodes im dRes, roca sasamarTlom gamoitana gadawyvetileba (sarezolucio Tu motivirebuli). arasworia praqtika, rodesac motivirebuli gadawyvetileba im TariRiT gamoaqvT, rac gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawils hqonda. sasamarTlos ar ekadreba tyuili, magram
amis araviTari aucileblobac araa: kanoni uflebas aZlevs sasamarTlos gadados motivirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotana 14 dRiT (257-e muxli).
3. gadawyvetilebis aRwerilobiT nawilSi mokled
440
magram naTlad da gasagebad unda aRiniSnos: a) sasarCelo moTxovnis Sinaarsi, xolo Tu mosarCelem Secvala Tavisi moTxovna (sarCelis sagani), unda aRiniSnos
raSi gamoixateba es cvlileba; b) garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba sarCeli; g) mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac
miuTiTebs mosarCele am garemoebebis dasadastureblad; d) mopasuxis Sesageblis mokle Sinaarsi; e) garemoebebi, romlebsac emyareba Sesagebeli; v) mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec miuTiTebs mopasuxe Tavisi Sesageblis dasadastureblad. igive unda iTqvas Segebebuli sarCelisa da mesame piris sarCelis Sinaarsis gadmocemaze, Tu isini aRZruli iyo.
aqve aRwerilobiT nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos
mxareTa mier warmodgenili da gadawyvetilebisaTvis
mniSvnelobis mqone romel garemoebebze ar davoben
mxareebi da romeli aris sadavo, ris gamoc maT mimarT
Segrovda mtkicebulebebi.
4. samotivacio nawili gadawyvetilebis erT-erTi
yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia. aq xdeba gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi da iuridiuli dasabuTeba.
gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili mTlianad sasamarTlos Semoqmedebaa, radgan aq poulobs Tavis
konkretul gamoxatulebas misi Sinagani rwmena, romelic mas Camouyalibda saqmis masalebze dayrdnobiT
da kanoni, romelic misi azriT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli am konkretuli davis gadawyvetisaTvis.
samotivacio nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: a) faqtebi, romelTa arseboba-ararsebobis Sesaxeb ar davoben mxareebi (udavo faqtebi); b) faqtebi, romlebic dadgenilad cno sasamarTlom mtkicebulebebis gamoyenebiT, maT Soris mxareTa aRiarebiT; g) mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac emyareba sasamarTlo da am
mtkicebulebaTa mokle analizi.
_ mas Semdeg, rac zedmiwevniT naTlad, gasagebad
da amomwuravad iqneba miTiTebuli faqtobriv garemoebebze, romlebic sasamarTlom CaTvala dadgenilad, sasamarTlom unda miuTiTos im materialur sa441
442
443
TiTos gadasaxdeli Tanxis xasiaTze, agreTve imaze, Tu bankSi mopasuxis romeli Tanxidan unda Camoiweros dakisrebuli Tanxa.
_ gadasaxdeli Tanxis xasiaTze da imaze, Tu bankSi
mopasuxis romeli Tanxidan unda Camoiweros masze dakisrebuli Tanxa, dasaSvebia mxolod mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT. sasamarTlo Tavisi iniciativiT am sakiTxs
ar wyvets.
aRsrulebis aseTi wesi uwinares yovlisa mimarTulia movalis interesebis dacvisaken. magram Tu aRsruleba am wesiT ver xerxdeba, maSin aseTi miTiTeba
srulebiT ar zRudavs aRmasrulebels. mopasuxe pasuxs agebs mTeli Tavisi qonebiT da sarezolucio nawilis aseTi miTiTebis miuxedavad aRmasrulebels SeuZlia mopasuxis sxva qonebidanac moaxdinos aRsruleba, Tu es ama Tu im mizezis gamo ver xerxdeba sarezolucio nawilSi miTiTebuli wesis dacviT.
446
nizaciebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis moqmedebebisa da gadawyvetilebebis arakanonierad cnobis Sesaxeb sarCelis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aseT moqmedebas an gadawyvetilebas aRiarebs arakanonierad, avalebs Sesabamis organosa Tu
Tanamdebobis pirs daakmayofilos moqalaqis moTxovna, auqmebs mis mimarT gamoyenebuli pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebas an sxva
gziT aRadgens mis darRveul Tu sadavo
uflebasa da Tavisuflebas.
2. normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis aRiarebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom
es aqti baTilad iTvleba misi miRebis momentidan.
3. sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb unda
gamoqveyndes masobrivi informaciis im saSualebiT, romelSic es normatiuli aqti
iyo gamoqveynebuli.
1. am muxlis pirvel nawilSi igulisxmeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, romlebic gamotanilia saxelmwifo organoebis, TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da am organoebis Tanamdebobis pirebis mimarT: a) maTi moqmedebis arakanonierebis (aramarTlzomierebis) Sesaxeb da b) maT mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis arakanonierad (baTilad)
cnobis Sesaxeb.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs am kategoriis saqmeebze
gamotanil sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa Sinaarss.
garda im monacemebisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes nebismier saqmeze gamotanili gadawyvetileba, am saqmeebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebSi miTiTebuli unda
iyos: a) am muxlSi aRniSnuli organoebisa da Tanamdebobis pirebis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebaTa an moq448
medebaTa arakanonierebis (aramarTlzomierebis) Sesaxeb; b) davaleba am organoebisadmi da Tanamdebobis pirisadmi daakmayofilos moqalaqis moTxovna; g) mosarCelis mimarT gamoyenebuli pasuxismgeblobis RonisZiebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
2. gadawyvetileba ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos normatiuli aqtis arakanonierebis aRiarebiT, sarezolucio nawilSi unda mieTiTos am aqtis baTilad cnobis
Sesaxebac.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawili Seicavs kategoriul moTxovnas gadawyvetilebis gamoqveynebis Sesaxeb. mxedvelobaSia ara mTeli gadawyvetileba, aramed mxolod
misi sarezolucio nawili. amis Sesaxeb miTiTebas Seicavs saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis 32-e muxlis me-6 nawili. romlis Tanaxmad `sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili unda gamoqveyndes imave wesiT, ra wesiTac iyo gamoqveynebuli normatiuli aqti~.36
449
Tanamonawileobis dros (86-e muxli) sarCeli SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes erTad ramdenime mosarCelis
mier an ramdenime mopasuxis winaaRmdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi gveqneba mosarCeleebisa da mopasuxeebis simravle.
1. sasamarTlo yovelTvis valdebulia miuTiTos Tavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi Tu ra wili ekuTvnis TiToeul mosarCeles, roca gadawyvetileba maT sasargeblodaa gamotanili, aseTi movaleobisagan sasamarTlo Tavisufldeba, roca mosarCeleebi solidaruli kreditorebi arian, rogorc amas samoqalaqo kodeqsis 455-262-e muxlebi iTvaliswinebs.
aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo uTiTebs Tavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, rom gadaxdevineba
solidarulia.
2. sasamarTlo yovelTvis valdebulia miuTiTos
Tavisi gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi, rom
TiToeulma mopasuxem gadawyvetilebis ra nawili unda Seasrulos. aseTi movaleobisagan sasamarTlo Tavisufldeba, roca pasuxismgebloba solidarulia (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 463-e muxli), ris Sesaxebac miTiTebuli unda iyos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi.
450
saapelacio sasamarTloebis mier dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis Camoyalibebis vadas. es vada damokidebulia gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebaze da Seadgens 14 dRes misi gamocxadebidan.
sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis gadadebis vadas es muxli ar gansazRvravs. sasamarTlo yovelnairad unda Seecados ar gadados misi gamocxadeba, magram,
Tu mainc gadadebs es unda moxdes rac SeiZleba mokle
vadiT (vTqvaT, araumetes 3 dRiT).
dasabuTebuli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba ar gamocxaddes (ix. am muxlis pirveli nawili), magram misi aslebi aucileblad unda gadaeces mxareebs.
- damoukideblad imisa, Tu ras acxadebs sasamarTlo - gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Tu dasabuTebul (motivirebul) gadawyvetilebas, isini
Camoyalibebuli unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da
xels awerdes mosamarTle (mosamarTleebi). gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas unda eswrebodes saqmis ganmxilveli yvela mosamarTle.
gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi da vada unda
Camoyalibdes TviTon motivirebul gadawyvetilebaSi.
magram, Tu gamocxadda mxolod sarezolucio nawili
masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos da mxareebs unda ganemartos, rom gasaCivrebis vada daiwyeba dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gadacemis, gadagzavnis
Tu gamocxadebis momentidan (369-e da 397-e muxlebi).
3. dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis vada sakasacio sasamarTloSi Seadgens erT
Tves sakasacio sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebidan.
452
453
gadideba, magaliTad, aklia cifri `0~ an sxva nebismieri cifri, rac ise cvlis Tanxis odenobas, rom saqmis
masalebidan gamomdinare, aSkarad ar Seesabameba moTxovnis odenobas, ris Sesaxebac iyo msjeloba sasamarTlos sxdomaze.
_ gadawyvetilebaSi Sesworebis SetanisaTvis raime
vadebi gaTvaliswinebuli araa. es imas niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos es SeuZlia gaakeTos gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis damTvarebamde. rac Seexeba aRiarebiT sarCelebze gamotanil gadawyvetilebebs, romelTa iZulebiTi aRsruleba ar xdeba maTSi Sesworebebis Setana
araa Semofargluli raime vadiT.
moTxovnis odenoba da arc misi saxeoba. magaliTad, daadgina gadauxados mopasuxem Tanxa, an gadasces nivTi, magram ar miuTiTa ra odenobis Tanxa gadaixados an
ra saxis qoneba gadasces. an kidev, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom mopasuxem Seasrulos mosarCelis sasargeblod moqmedeba, magram ar miuTiTa Tu konkretulad
romeli moqmedeba (amoaSenos tixari, moangrios kedeli, amoqolos fanjara da a. S.).
g) 249-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili unda Seicavdes miTiTebas sasamarTlo
xarjebis ganawilebis Taobaze. Tu mosamarTles gamorCa es da gadawyvetileba Seicavs xarvezs am TvalsazrisiT, maSin igi SeiZleba Seivsos damatebiTi gadawyvetilebiT.
_ praqtikaSi ufro gavrcelebulia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac aRZruli iyo ramdenime moTxovna, sasamarTlom ganixila yvela es moTxovna, magram erT-erTi moTxovnis mimarT gadawyvetileba ar iqna miRebuli.
_ damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas rogorc ZiriTadi moTxovnis, ise Segebebuli sarCelisa da mesame piris sarCelis mimarTac.
2. am muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxi SeiZleba daisvas ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebidan 7-dRis ganmavlobaSi. am muxlis danawesi ise unda gavigoT, rom
ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas eswrebodnen
mxareebi. magram, Tu gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas ar
eswrebodnen mxareebi, an erT-erTi mxare, maSin 7-dRiani vada unda daiwyos im dRidan, rodesac mxares Cabarda motivirebuli gadawyvetileba. ufro zustad
rom vTqvaT 7-dRiani vadis dena unda daiwyos im dRidan, saidanac iwyeba gadawyvetilebis saapelacio (sakasacio) wesiT gasaCivrebis vada.
am vadis arc gagrZeleba da arc aRdgena ar daiSveba. Tu es vada gaSvebuli iqna da damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis SesaZlebloba daikarga, maSin mxa457
res SeuZlia gaasaCivros ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba, moiTxovos misi gauqmeba da saqmis xelmeored ganxilva
im motiviT, romlebic miTiTebulia 261-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ da `b~ qvepunqtebSi, xolo sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis sakiTxi TviTon zemdgom sasamarTlosac SeuZlia ise, rom ar gaauqmos gadawyvetileba.
3. damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis sakiTxs
sasamarTlo wyvets saqmeTa ganxilvis saerTo wesis
dacviT, kerZod igi niSnavs sxdomas, ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs. maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanas, ver
gaxdeba dauswrebeli damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis
gamotanis safuZveli, rasac ssk saerTod ar iTvaliswinebs.
_ damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb sakiTxis
dasma da ganxilva ver SeaCerebs ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas da misi vadis denis SeCerebas.
4. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba Sedis kanonier ZalaSi im wesiT da im vadebSi, rogorc ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba (264-e muxli) da misi gasaCivreba SeiZleba imave wesiT, ra wesiTac ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba (369-e
muxli).
_ Tu jer kidev araa ganxiluli saCivari ZiriTad
gadawyvetilebaze da mxare asaCivrebs damatebiT gadawyvetilebas, maSin es meore saCivari egzavneba zemdgom sasamarTlos maTi erTad ganxilvisaTvis. Tu mxare ar asaCivrebs damatebiT gadawyvetilebas igi Sedis
kanonier ZalaSi. damatebiTi gadawyvetileba aris ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebis organuli nawili, magram, Tu
igi ar gasaCivrebula, iTvleba, rom am nawilSi ZiriTadi gadawyvetileba ar gasaCivrebula da igi Sedis kanonier ZalaSi.
5. Tu sasamarTlos azriT ar arsebobs damatebiTi
gadawyvetilebis gamotanis pirobebi, mas gamoaqvs ganCineba damatebiTi gadawyvetilebis gamotanaze uaris
458
cxadebis miReba an misi ganxilva ver SeaCerebs gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlas.
_ dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis saxiT
axali gadawyvetilebis miReba an adre miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvla.
_ ganmartebis aucilebloba SeiZleba warmoiSvas
aramarto gadawyvetilebebis, aramed ganCinebebis mimarTac, aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganmartos ganCineba am muxlis analogiiT (kanonis analogia).
2. gadawyvetilebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana, xolo gadawyvetilebis ganmartebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb miRebul ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari ar Seitaneba.
461
medebis SeCerebas, rac aRsrulebis gadadebis nairsaxeobaa da niSnavs aRsrulebis sxva droisaTvis, anu,
ufro mogvianebiT gadatanas, rac sasamarTlos ganCinebiT unda ganxorcieldes.
2. aRsrulebis gadadeba (SeCereba), ganawilvadeba,
an aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCinebiT. amitom, mxareTa gancxadeba, maT Soris gancxadeba, romelic Setanilia aRmasrulebelTan, unda gadaeces am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos da ganixilos man
am muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT.
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom aRsrulebis gadadeba (SeCereba), ganawilvadeba an aRsrulebis saSualebisa da wesis Secvla dasaSvebia, Tu arsebobs amisaTvis
gonivruli safuZveli, rogoricaa, magaliTad, movalis
an misi ojaxis wevris avadmyofoba, roca sakiTxi exeba
binidan gamosaxlebas, stiqiuri movlenebi, sxva adgilze sacxovreblad gadasvla, qonebrivi mdgomareobis
moulodneli gauareseba da a. S.
3. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod iseT ganCinebaze, romliTac dakmayofilda mxaris Suamdgomloba (gancxadeba) gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis gadadebis, ganawilvadebis Tu misi saSualebisa da wesis Secvlis Sesaxeb.
463
T a v i XXVI I I
muxlis Tanaxmad gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa, Tu amas dauSvebs sasamarTlo, unda ganxorcieldes amave kodeqsis 191-199-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT. 193-e muxlis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofis sakiTxs sasamarTlo ganixilavs mopasuxis Seutyobineblad (ix. am muxlis komentari).
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili aucileblad saWiroebs dazustebas: kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba ara aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT gamotanil nebismier ganCinebaze, aramed mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul ganCinebaze (ix. magaliTad, 263-e muxlis me-3 nawilis da 270e muxlis komentari).
sakasacio wesiT. cxadia, araa gamoricxuli, rom zemdgomma sasamarTlom gaauqmos an Secvalos es gadawyvetileba, miRebul iqnes sxva gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi wamoiWreba ori sakiTxi: erTi _ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis sakiTxi da meore _ im
zaralis anazRaurebis sakiTxi, romelic miadga mxares
gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis gamo.
_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis sasamarTlos SeuZlia dainteresebuli mxaris gancxadebis safuZvelze, an Tavisi iniciativiT mosTxovos gadamxdevinebels gadawyvetilebis
aRsrulebis Sebrunebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic SeiZleba gamoixatos Sesabamisi odenobis Tanxis SetaniT saerTo sasamarTloebis departamentis sadepozito angariSze, an romelime sakredito dawesebulebis
TavdebobaSi (57-e muxli).
3. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsruleba, Tu gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis dayovnebam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani miayenos mxares (gadamxdevinebels), an gadawyvetilebis
aRsruleba SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. am garemoebaTa
damtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba Suamdgomlobis aRmZvrel pirs.
_ sasamarTlom uari unda Tqvas gadawyvetilebis
dauyovnebliv aRsrulebaze, Tu Suamdgomlobis aRmZvreli piri ver daamtkicebs zemoT miTiTebul garemoebebs, an Tu SeuZlebeli iqneba im zaralis (zianis)
gamoTvla, romelic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege
mxares, ris gamoc dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis momTxovni piri ver SeZlebs mis uzrunvelyofas.
_ im zianis moculobis damtkicebis tvirTi, romelic SeiZleba miadges mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales)
gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebiT, ekisreba am mowinaaRmdege mxares (movales).
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475
leba, Tavis mxriv warmoadgens am gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis erT-erT efeqtian saSualebas. saWiro araa agreTve kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa, radgan `saaRsrulebo warmoebaTa Sesaxeb~ kanoni Seicavs gadawyvetilebis realurad aRsrulebis yvela saWiro meqanizmebs.
_ gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofa warmoebs am kodeqsis XXI I I TaviT (191-199-e muxlebi) dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
477
T a v i
XXIX
menti sxvaa, magaliTad, moTxovna igivea, magram safuZveli sxvaa, an kidev, yvelaferi da maT Soris mosarCele igivea, magram mopasuxe sxvaa da a. S. sasamarTlom
saqme unda ganixilos; 2) Tu arsebobs kanonier ZalaSi
Sesuli sasamarTlos ganCineba saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb im safuZvliT, rom igive sarCelis mimarT mxareebi morigdnen an mosarCelem uari Tqva sarCelze.
g) am qvepunqtiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas safuZvlad udevs dispoziciurobis principidan gamomdinare piris ufleba gankargos Tavisi uflebebi. mosarCele sarCelze uaris TqmiT gankargavs Tavis uflebas
(me-3 da 98-e muxlebi). amitom, sasamarTlom aseT SemTxvevaSi unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, radgan aRar
arsebobs davis sagani, romlis mimarT sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos Tavisi gadawyvetileba.
_ sarCelze uaris Tqma, rogorc mosarCelis mier Tavisi materialur-samarTlebrivi uflebis gankargva,
unda ganvasxvavoT mosarCelis mier am etapze sarCelis ganxilvaze uaris Tqmisagan, e. i. rodesac mosarCeles aRar surs am etapze sarCelis ganxilva da moiTxovs sarCelis ukan dabrunebas (sarCelis gamoxmoba).
(ix. 831-e muxlis komentari) . aseT SemTxvevaSi saqmis
warmoebis Sewyveta dauSvebelia, radgan mosarCele
kargavs uflebas kvlav mimarTos sasamarTlos igive
sarCeliT (ix. me-3 muxlis komentari).37
d) morigebiT saqmis damTavreba, iseve, rogorc sarCelze uaris Tqma, dispoziciurobis principis erT-erTi konkretuli gamovlinebaa (me-3 muxli). saqmis morigebiT damTavrebiT mxareTa Soris wamoWrili dava
wydeba aramarto iuridiulad, aramed faqtiuradac.
amitom, sasamarTlom procesis nebismier stadiaze da
yovelTvis unda ecados moarigos mxareebi, daamTavros saqme morigebiT.
37
480
e) erT-erTi mxaris gardacvaleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iwvevs saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetas, Tu uflebamonacvleoba, materialur-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan gamomdinare, dauSvebelia. magaliTad, mosarCele mimarTavs sasamarTlos meore meuRlisagan sarCos
miRebis Sesaxeb. mosarCele saqmis ganxilvis procesSi
gardaicvala. sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqme, radgan sarCos miRebaze uflebamosili piri gardaicvala
da mis nacvlad sxva pirs sarCos miRebis ufleba ar
aqvs.
rac Seexeba iuridiul pirs, sasamarTlom unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba, Tu mxared myofi iuridiuli
piris likvidacia moxda, radgan iuridiuli piris likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi uflebamonacvleoba ar warmoiSoba.
3) mxareTa SeTanxmebas, davis kerZo arbitraJis, anu
samediatoro sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemis Sesaxeb,
aqvs iuridiuli Zala. amitom, Tu erT-erTi mxare mainc
mimarTavs sasamarTlos sarCeliT, sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos es sarCeli (ssk-is186-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti), xolo Tu SecdomiT miiRebs, unda Sewyvitos saqmis warmoeba.
_ am muxlis `a~, `b~ da `v~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlebiT saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi mosarCeles ubrundeba mis mier Setanili saxelmwifo baJi.
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis aq CamoTvlili safuZvlebi araa amomwuravi. kanoniT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes sxva safuZvlebic.
482
`v~ qvepunqti). qmeduunarod iTvleba srulwlovanebas miuRweveli piri (81-e muxlis me-2 nawili), agreTve
srulwlovanebas miRweuli, magram sasamarTlos mier
qmeduunarod aRiarebuli pirebi. Tu, miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlom miiRo sarCeli warmoebaSi da Semdeg
gamoirkva, rom mosarCele aris qmeduunaro, romelsac
ar hyavs kanonieri warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos aseT mosarCeles saproceso warmomadgeneli (82-e muxlis me-2 nawili). Tu saproceso warmomadgenlis daniSvna mizanSewonilad ar miaCnia, sasamarTlo sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sarCeli Seitanos pirma,
romelic, marTalia, araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram aSkarad ver uwevs Tavis moqmedebas angariSs, e. i. faqtiurad qmeduunaroa; aseT
SemTxvevaSic, sasamarTlos SeuZlia dauniSnos mas saproceso warmomadgeneli ssk-is 82-e muxlis analogiiT
(ix. am muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
_ am muxlis analogiiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaze miuTiTebs agreTve samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1277-e muxli, romlis Tanaxmad, mzrunveloba SeiZleba dauwesdes iuridiulad qmedunarian pirs, e. i. pirs, romelic
araa aRiarebuli sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod, magram, romelsac ar SeuZlia Tavisi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo ganaxorcielos Tavisi uflebebi da Seasrulos Tavisi movaleobebi.38
Tu sasamarTlos ar miaCnia mizanSewonilad saproceso warmomadgenlis (mzrunvelis) daniSvna, is sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom uflebamosilma pirma
Seitanos gancxadeba piris qmeduunarod an SezRudul
qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb (322-e muxli). aseT
SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba (279-e muxlis `d~ qvepunqti).
38
484
b) am punqts mxedvelobaSi hyavs arauflebamosili piri da ara arasaTanado mxare. arasaTanado mosarCele _ es is piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos `Ta
visi~ uflebis dasacavad, romelic sinamdvileSi misi
ki ara, sxvisi uflebaa (84-e muxli), arauflebamosili
piri ki _ es iseTi piria, romelic mimarTavs sasamarTlos ara Tavisi, aramed sxvisi uflebis dasacavad,
magram amisaTvis mas ar gaaCnia am sxva pirisagan saTanadod gaformebuli uflebamosileba (96-e muxli).
g) mosarCelis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba,
oRond, Tu amis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobs mopasuxe. magram, Tu mopasuxe winaaRmdegia, maSin sasamarTlos SeuZlia datovos sarCeli ganuxilvelad, oRond amazec
saWiroa mopasuxis Tanxmoba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas.
d) Tu sasamarTlos mTavar sxdomaze arcerTi mxare
da maTi warmomadgenelebi ar gamocxadnen, romlebsac
gaegzavnaT Setyobineba 70-78-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT, maSin sasamarTlo sarCels ganuxilvelad datovebs (ix. 231-e muxlis komentari).
e) am punqtSi miTiTebuli safuZvlis arsebobisas sasamarTlom ar unda miiRos sarCeli, magram Tu SecdomiT miiRo, maSin ganuxilvelad unda datovos igi.
_ es punqti emyareba princips, rom ar SeiZleba erTi
da igive sarCeli orma (an metma) sxvadasxva sasamarTlom ganixilos. amitom, Tu aRmoCndeba, rom erTi da igive sarCeli aRZrulia imave an sxva sasamarTloSi, erTerTma sarCeli ganuxilvelad unda datovos. magram romelma? am punqtis azriT, sarCeli ganuxilvelad unda
datovos im sasamarTlom, romelSic ufro gvian Sevida
sarCeli (gancxadeba). amis garkveva ar warmoadgens sirTules, Tu miRebulia ganCineba sarCelis warmoebaSi miRebis Sesaxeb. Tu aseTi ganCineba ar iyo miRebuli, maSin unda gairkves, romel sasamarTloSi ufro adre gavida 5 dRe sarCelis Semosvlidan, romlis Semdeg sarCeli warmoebaSi miRebulad iTvleba (183-e muxli).
485
486
487
T a v i
XXX
489
mis warmoebas miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara am mopasuxis Suamdgomloba, magram Tu mosarCelea SeiaraRebuli Zalebis moqmed nawilebSi, maSin saWiroa misi
Txovna SeCerebis Sesaxeb. igulisxmeba, rom mxareebs
CabardaT uwyeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78-e muxlebi).
d) am punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi saqmis warmoebis SeCereba dasaSvebia mxolod im pirobiT,
Tu sxva kategoriis saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebas SeiZleba mieces preiudiciuli (winaswar gadamwyveti) mniSvneloba am saqmis gadawyvetisas (106-e muxli).
amitom, sanam saqmis warmoebas SeaCerebdes, sasamarTlom zustad unda gansazRvros, Tu ra kavSiri arsebobs mis mier gansaxilvel saqmesa da im saqmes Soris, romelic sxva sasamarTlos mier ganixileba,
kerZod, gamomdinareoben Tu ara isini erTi da igive
faqtobrivi safuZvlebidan da samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan.
amasTan dakavSirebiT mxedvelobaSia misaRebi saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sakasacio palatis
samarTlebrivi pozicia, romelic man Camoayaliba erTerT Tavis ganCinebaSi. man dauSveblad CaTvala ssk 279e muxlis `d~ qvepunqtis safuZvelze saqmis warmoebis
SeCereba, `radgan gansaxilveli saqmis davis sagans warmoadgens materialuri da moraluri zianis anazRaureba, romelic regulirdeba samoqalaqo kodeqsiT da
araviTari kavSiri ar aris eleqtroenergiis tarifis
Sesaxeb normatiuli aqtis antikonstituciurad cnobis konstituciur sarCelTan.~41
e) kanonis saqarTvelos konstituciasTan Sesabamisobis sakiTxis garkveva saqarTvelos sakonstitucio
sasamarTlos kompetenciaa. amitom, Tu saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos eWvi epareba mis mier gamosayenebeli
41
490
492
nonier ZalaSi Sedis dauyovnebliv. sasamarTlo ganaaxlebs saqmes, rogorc ki sakonstitucio sasamarTlo
miiRebs Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas, romelic unda gadmoegzavnos samoqalaqo saqmis ganmxilvel sasamarTlos (me-16 muxli).
_ saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Semdeg saqmis ganxilva xdeba saerTo wesiT (283-e muxli).
496
T a v i
XXXI
sasamarTlo ganGineba
muxli 284. ganCinebis gamotana
1. sasamarTlos dadgenileba, romliTac
saqme arsebiTad ar wydeba, miiReba ganCinebis formiT.
2. sasamarTlo ganCinebas, romelic miRebulia erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier,
xels awers es mosamarTle, xolo Tu igi
miRebulia kolegiuri sasamarTlos mier _ yvela mosamarTle.
3. Tu ganCineba miRebulia saTaTbiro
oTaxSi gausvlelad, is Seitaneba sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi.
4. ganCineba, romelsac sasamarTlo iRebs
adgilze TaTbiriT, unda gamocxaddes miRebisTanave. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle,
romelmac gamoacxada ganCineba, ganmartavs
am ganCinebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivrebis
wessa da vadas, rac aisaxeba sxdomis oqmSi.
5. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle saTabiro
oTaxSi miRebuli ganCinebis sarezolucio
nawils acxadebs TaTbiris Semdeg. Tavmjdomare an mosamarTle, romelmac gamoacxada ganCineba, ganmartavs am ganCinebis Sinaarss, misi gasaCivrebis wessa da vadas.
6. ganCinebis sarezolucio nawilis gamocxadebis 14 dRis vadaSi sasamarTlo amzadebs dasabuTebul ganCinebas mxareTaTvis
gadasacemad.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili da am kodeqsis 243-e muxlis pirveli nawili naTlad da garkveviT ganasxvaveben sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisa da sasamarTlo gan497
Cinebis gamoyenebis sferoebs: saqmis arsebiTad gadawyvetis dros sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba, xolo saqmis ganxilvis dros wamoWrili calkeuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas gamoaqvs ganCineba.
2. raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebSi, sadac saqme
ganixileba erTpirovnulad mosamarTlis mier, yvela
ganCinebas xels awers es mosamarTle (magistrati mosamarTle). sasamarTlo sistemis yvela sxva rgolSi
saqme ganixileba kolegiurad, amitom, Tu ganCineba gamoaqvs sasamarTlos kolegiur Semadgenlobas, mas
xels awers am Semadgenlobis yvela mosamarTle, ar aris
gamoricxuli, rom saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli
ama Tu im sakiTxis gadawyveta an calkeuli saproceso
moqmedebis Sesruleba daevalos kolegiuri sasamarTlos romelime mosamarTles, magaliTad, sarCelis
miReba warmoebaSi (187-e muxli) saqmis momzadeba (me200 muxli) da sxva. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu ganCineba gamoaqvs kolegiuri sasamarTlos mosamarTles, maSin am
ganCinebas xels awers es mosamarTle.
2.nebismieri ganCineba SeiZleba miRebuli iqnes
rogorc calke saproceso dokumenti, ise oqmSi SetaniT. saTaTbiro oTaxSi oqmis Sedgena ar xdeba, amitom,
Tu sasamarTlo gavida saTaTbiro oTaxSi ganCinebis
gamosatanad, maSin aseTi ganCineba mxolod calke
saproceso dokumentis saxiT unda gamovides. ganCinebis gamosatanad saTaTbiro oTaxSi SeiZleba gavides saqmis erTpirovnulad ganmxilveli mosamarTlec, magram ara imitom, rom vinmes moeTaTbiros,
aramed Tu mis winaSe mxaris mier dasmuli sakiTxis
gadawyveta moiTxovs saqmis faqtobriv da samarTlebriv analizs.
- sasamarTlo oqmSi Setanili ganCineba unda pasuxobdes kanonis moTxovnebs (285-e muxli). mxares SeuZlia moiTxovos am oqmidan ganCinebis amonabeWdi, Seitanos am saoqmo ganCinebaze kerZo saCivari, Tu kanoniT
aseTi saCivari dasaSvebia.
498
499
501
T a v i
XXXII
sasamarTlo oqmi
muxli 287. oqmis Sedgenis
savaldebulooba
sasamarTlos TiToeuli sxdomis Sesaxeb,
agreTve sxdomis gareSe Sesrulebuli TiToeuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesaxeb, romelSic monawileoben mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, mowmeebi, eqspertebi, specialistebi, oqmis Sedgena savaldebuloa.
_ es muxli Seicavs oqmis Sedgenis savaldebulobis zogad, magram sakmaod naTel kriteriumebs. oqmis Sedgena yovelTvis savaldebuloa: 1) Tu mimdinareobs sasamarTlo sxdoma (mosamzadebeli Tu mTavari
sxdoma) da 2) Tu saproceso moqmedebis SesrulebaSi
monawileoben mxareebi, maTi warmomadgenlebi, mowmeebi, specialistebi da a. S.
_ magaliTad, Tu sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba
sarCelisa da masze darTuli dokumentebis aslebis
mopasuxisaTvis gadagzavnis Sesaxeb (201-e muxli), an
kidev, mosamzadebeli sxdomis, Tu mTavari sxdomis daniSvnis Sesaxeb (207-e muxli), oqmis Sedgena saWiro araa,
radgan am da sxva amgvari ganCinebebis miReba xdeba mxareTa da maT warmomadgenelTa monawileobis gareSe.
magram Tu sasamarTlo ixilavs sakiTxs sarCelis uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb, adgilze daTvalierebis Sesaxeb
(125-e muxli) da a. S. maSin unda Sedges oqmi.
_ zogjer kanoni iTvaliswinebs ama Tu im saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa aucilebeli SetyobinebiT, Tumca maTi gamoucxadebloba ver daabrkolebs aseTi moqmedebis Sesrulebas (115-e muxli). zogjer kanoni gansazRvravs sasamarTlos mier ama Tu im
saproceso moqmedebis Sesrulebas mxareTa aucilebe502
504
5. oqmSi SeiZleba Setanili iqnes Sesworeba da damateba, magram aseT Sesworeba-damatebas, Tu cvlilebas
unda gaukeTdes SeniSvna: `Sesworebas endeT~, `Camatebas endeT~ da a. S. Sesworeba unda iyos xelmowerili.
508
kari mexuTe
gamartivebuli warmoeba
T a v i
XXXIII
509
511
sarCelebis SeerTeba sxva pretenziebis gamo aRZrul sarCelebTan. dauSvebelia agreTve Segebebuli sarCelebis aRZvra.
_ sarCelebis Tu sxva iseTi moTxovnebis gaerTianeba, romlebic araa dakavSirebuli TamasuqTan, rasac
iTvaliswinebs da uSvebs ssk 182-e muxli, agreTve Segebebuli sarCelis aRZvra, rasac iTvaliswinebs 188-e
muxli, Tamasuqis saqmeebis gamartivebuli wesiT ganxilvisas _ dauSvebelia.
516
43
517
T a v i
XXXIV
mas Semdeg, roca ganmcxadebeli Seasrulebs Tavis valdebulebas mis mimarT. sailustraciod SeiZleba miuTiToT samoqalaqo kodeqsis 369-e muxlze, romlis Tanaxmad piri, romelsac valdebuleba akisria ormxrivi
xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare, SeuZlia uari Tqvas
valdebulebis Sesrulebaze `sapasuxo moqmedebis
ganxorcielebamde~.44
3) xom ar aris imis aucilebloba, rom gadaxdis brZaneba ecnobos mopasuxes sajaro gamocxadebis gziT. es
imas niSnavs, rom gadaxdis brZaneba ver aRsruldeba,
Tu ar aris cnobili mopasuxis adgilsamyofeli (ix.78e muxlis komentari).
4) pasuxobs Tu ara gancxadeba gadaxdis brZanebis
miRebis Sesaxeb ssk 303-e muxlis moTxovnebs (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ Tu ar arsebobs gadaxdis brZanebis miRebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis dasaSvebobis esa Tu is piroba, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba gancxadebis (gadaxdis brZanebis) miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (305-e
muxli).
519
521
527
528
T a v i
XXXIVI
46
529
530
belobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze sasamarTloSi Seitaneba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.
_ ssk me-16 muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare sarCelebi sasamarTlos waredgineba xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis adgilis an im
adgilis mixedviT, sadac xelSekruleba unda Sesrulebuliyo.
_ xelSekrulebis an am xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare valdebulebis Sesrulebis adgilad iTvleba is
adgili, romelic am xelSekrulebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. magram, Tu Sesrulebis adgili ar aris gansazRvruli, maSin unda vixelmZRvaneloT valdebulebiTi
urTierTobis arsiT (ix. ssk-is me-16 muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari).
gamcemis mflobelobaSi lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Taobaze gancxadebis umoZraod datovebisa da misi ganmcxadeblisaTvis dabrunebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris
Setana.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac lizingis sagnis dabrunebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba ar pasuxobs wayenebul moTxovnebs, sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, xolo Tu am ganCinebiT daniSnul vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sasamarTlo
gamoitans ganCinebas am gancxadebis umoZraod datovebis Sesaxeb. am ganCinebebis miReba da gasaCivreba
warmoebs ssk 185-e muxliT sarCelebis umoZraod datovebisaTvis dadgenili wesebis msgavsad. amitom,
185-e muxlis komentari mTlianad vrceldeba am muxlzec.
533
535
kari meeqvse
udavo warmoeba
T a v i
XXXV
zogadi debulebani
muxli 310. sasamarTlos mier udavo
warmoebis wesiT gansaxilveli
saqmeebi
udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTlo ganixilavs saqmeebs:
a) iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb;
b) moqalaqis ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad
aRiarebisa da moqalaqis gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb;
g) moqalaqis qmeduunarod da SezRudul
qmedunarianad aRiarebis Sesaxeb;
d) dakargul sawarmdgenlo fasian qaRaldsa da saordero fasian qaRaldze uflebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb (gamowveviTi warmoeba);
e) qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb;
v) amoRebulia
z) Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb.
_ arc ise iSviaTia SemTxveva, rodesac pirs aqvs esa
Tu is ufleba, magram ver axorcielebs am uflebas,
radgan faqti, romlis safuZvelzec es ufleba warmoiSoba, ar aris naTlad da garkveviT warmodgenili da
saWiroebs dadgena-dadasturebas.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aseTi faqtis dadgena, garkveuli obieqturi Tu subieqturi pirobebis gamo, ver
536
xerxdeba sxva gziT, pirs SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos udavo warmoebis wesiT faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb
(ssk-is 313-315-e muxlebi).
udavo warmoebis wesiT SeiZleba dadgindes faqtis
arseboba an ararseboba, magram ara am faqtis samarTlebrivi Sedegi, e. i. Tu ra Sedegs ukavSirebs udavo
warmoebis wesiT dadgenil faqts kanoni.
_ es muxli Seicavs im kategoriis saqmeTa amomwurav
CamonaTvals, romlebic SeiZleba ganxilul da gadawyvetil iqnes udavo warmoebis wesiT.
_ udavo warmoeba aris erTmxariani (erTpiriani) warmoeba, radgan erTi mxare _ ganmcxadebeli, moiTxovs
mxolod faqtis dadgenas, raime garemoebis aRiarebas
an registracias da ar ayenebs meore mxaris, an nebismieri sxva piris mimarT raime moTxovnas.
Zod, mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame pirebi, Tanamonawileebi. amitom, am pirebis procesSi monawileobiT ganpirobebuli saqmeTa ganxilvis wesebi ar aris saWiro
da arc gamoiyeneba udavo warmoebis dros, sxva mxriv,
udavo warmoebis saqmeebi ganixileba ssk-iT dadgenili wesebis dacviT, garda im gamonaklisebisa, rac am
kodeqsis meeqvse kariTaa dadgenili.
- rogorc savsebiT sworad miuTiTa saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos didma palatam udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas sasamarTlom unda acnobos savaraudod dainteresebul yvela pirs, raTa SesaZlebloba mieceT maT monawileoba miiRon saqmis ganxilvaSi da droulad ganaxorcielon 311-e muxlis meore nawiliT miniWebuli ufleba - moiTxovon saqmis
saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb dainteresebulma p irebma gaiges sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg, maT
ufleba aqvT gaasaCivron es gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT, moiTxovon misi gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo
sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva, xolo im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es gadawyvetileba Sesulia kanonier ZalaSi, dainteresebul pirebs SeuZliaT mimarTon am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos misi baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb47.
2. Tu saqmis udavo warmoebis dros aRiZvreba dava,
sasamarTlo ukve veRar ganixilvs am saqmes udavo warmoebis w esiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos gamoaqvs
ganCineba gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos, rom dainterese-
47
ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi palatis 2002 wlis 4
noembris ganCineba, agreTve, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2002 wlis
13 ivnisis ganCineba. es ganCineba da maTi komentari ix.
T.liluaSvili, v.xrustali.saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli faqtebis
dadgenis Sesaxeb Tb. 2003.
538
539
T a v i
XXXVI
moCndeba, rom ganmcxadebels unda naTesauri kavSiris dadgena iseTi miznisaTvis, romlisTvisac am faqts
ara aqvs raime mniSvneloba (magaliTad, binebis gadacvlisaTvis, Tanamdebobis dakavebisaTvis, samecniero
xarisxis miniWebisaTvis da a. S.), maSin sasamarTlom ar
unda miiRos gancxadeba gansaxilvelad (ssk-is 315-e
muxli).
b) kmayofaze yofnis faqti mxolod im SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleba daadginos sasamarTlom, rodesac am faqts
kanoni ukavSirebs ganmcxadeblisaTvis sasurvel Sedegs. magaliTad, dazaralebulis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi zianis mimyenebelma sarCos dawesebiT unda
aunazRauros ziani im pirs, romlis rCenac dazaralebuls evaleboda (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1006-e muxli).
g) sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos mxolod da mxolod dabadebis, Svilad ayvanis, qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis da gardacvalebis registraciis faqti, e. i. faqti imis Sesaxeb, rom dabadeba iyo registrirebuli, Svilad ayvana iyo registrirebuli, qorwineba iyo registrirebuli da a. S. magram arqivi (Canawerebi registraciis Sesaxeb) ganadgurda omianobis, xanZrisa Tu raime
stiqiuri ubedurebis gamo.
gancxadeba am faqtebis dadasturebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos SeuZlia miiRos gansaxilvelad mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas erTvis saxelmwifo reestris mwarmoebeli organodan (sarmo) cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom maT
ar SeuZliaT gascen Sesabamisi dokumentis dublikati
arqivis ganadgurebis gamo.
d) pirebi farTod sargebloben ama Tu im dokumentiT, rogoricaa magaliTad, Sromis wignaki, cnoba muSaobis Sesaxeb, ganaTlebis Tu samecniero xarisxis damadasturebeli dokumenti da a. S. romlebsac aqvT iuridiuli mniSvneloba. zogjer am dokumentebSi miTiTebuli saxeli, mamis saxeli, gvari, ar emTxveva pasportSi an dabadebis mowmobaSi aRniSnul saxels, mamis saxels an gvars.
amis mizezi SeiZleba mravali iyos, romelTa Soris
542
yvelaze gavrcelebulia saxelis SemoklebiT aRniSvna (magaliTad, goga giorgis nacvlad, leqso aleqsandres nacvlad da a. S.). zogjer moqalaqeebi icvlian
TavianT gvars, magram ar cvlian dokuments da a.S.
arasworia praqtika, rodesac sasamarTloebi TavianTi gadawyvetilebebiT adgenen ara dokumentis pirisadmi kuTvnilebis faqts, rogorc es miTiTebulia
am punqtSi, aramed im pirTa igiveobis faqts, romlebic sxvadasxvanairad arian moxseniebuli gadawyvetilebaSi. magaliTad, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi aRniSnulia: `Sromis wignakSi miTiTebuli gogi niJaraZe
da pasportSi miTiTebuli giorgi niJaraZe _ erTi da
igive piria~, an kidev `n. b. qarazanaSvili da n. b. qarzanaSvili _ erTi da igive piria~. kanonis Sesabamisi iqneba aseTi formulireba gadawyvetilebaSi: `Sromis wignaki gacemuli 2000 wlis 15 ianvars gogi niJaraZis saxelze, ekuTvnis giorgi niJaraZes~, an kidev `Tsu-s mier a. n. Sengelias saxelze 1955 wels gacemuli #5 diplomi, ekuTvnis a. n. Sengelaias~.
z) gancxadebas piris garkveul drosa da garkveul
viTarebaSi dabadebis an gardacvalebis faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Tan unda erTvodes samoqalaqo reestris saagentos cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom igi uars ambobs am faqtis registraciaze, agreTve mtkicebulebebi, romlebic utyuarad adastureben piris garkveul drosa da garkveul viTarebaSi gardacvalebis
faqts.
T) damkvidrebuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, memkvidreobis miRebis faqtisa da memkvidreobis gaxsnis adgilis dadgenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba ganixilos sasamarTlom
udavo warmoebis wesiT, Tu sanotaro organom uari uTxra ganmcxadebels memkvidreobis miRebis uflebis
mowmobis gacemaze im motiviT, rom ganmcxadebels ar
gaaCnia Sesabamisi dokumentebi, romlebic adastureben samkvidro qonebis faqtobriv mflobelobaSi miRebis faqts, rogoricaa, magaliTad, sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis qviTrebi, sabinao komunaluri mom543
saxurebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebis qviTrebi, mezoblebis werilobiTi axsna-ganmartebebi da a. S. Tu aseTi dokumentebi warudgina ganmcxadebelma notariuss, magram man isini arasakmarisad CaTvala, maSin ganmcxadebels SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT sanotaro moqmedebis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmis gamo.
iuridiuli faqtebis am muxlSi mocemuli
CamonaTvali amomwuravia rac imas niSnavs, rom sxva
faqtebs sasamarTlo ver daadgens udavo warmoebis wesiT.
tis gamcemi organo administraciuli organo, miRebulia Tu ara es aqti administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad da pasuxobs Tu ara igi kanonis moTxovnebs anu SeiZleba Tu ara CaiTvalos igi administraciul aqtad.
sasamarTloebma yovelTvis unda iqonion mxedvelobaSi, rom udavo warmoebis wesiT sasamarTloebs SeuZliaT daadginon dabadebis, qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis, gardacvalebis da a.S. registraciis faqti. magram,
Tu registracia ar momxdara da, maSasadame, arc raime
Canawerebia amis Sesaxeb, maSin cxadia, rom sasamarTlo
ver daadgens registraciis faqts, e.i. faqts, romelsac ar hqonia adgili. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu saTanado
administraciuli organo, mis mier ganxorcielebuli
administraciuli warmoebis Sedegad miRebuli administraciuli aqtiT adasturebs, rom Svilad ayvanis,
qorwinebis, ganqorwinebis da a.S. registracia ar ganxorcielebula, sasamarTlom uari unda uTxras ganmcxadebels udavo warmoebis wesiT gancxadebis miRebaze da ganxilvaze: sasamarTlos SeuZlia daadginos, rom
adgili hqonda registraciis faqts, magram mas ar SeuZlia TviTon moaxdinos registracia.
bolos, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom administraciulma organom SeiZleba uari uTxras ganmcxadeblis Sesabamisi administraciuli aqtis gamocemaze, SeuZlia Tu
ara sasamarTlos ganmcxadeblis SuamdgomlobiT TviTon gamoiTxovs aseTi aqti?
Tu vixelmZRvanelebT ssk 103-e muxlis me-2 nawilis danawesiT Tu mxareebma ama Tu im mizeziT ver SeZles mtkicebulebis uSualod miReba da sasamarTloSi wardgena, mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT sasamarTlos
SeuZlia TviTon gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi.
abuTeblad uTxra ganmcxadebels uari iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebis dadgenaze an/da Tavi Seikava maTi dadgenisagan, sasamarTlo Sesabamisi reagirebisaTvis
wardginebas ugzavnis am administraciuli
organos xelmZRvanels, romelic valdebulia miRebuli vadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb erTi
Tvis vadaSi acnobos sasamarTlos.
sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi, rogorc Cans, miuTiTebs imaze, rom arc ise iSviaTad Sesabamisi organoebi aramarto srulad dausabuTeblad eubnebian
uars moqalaqeebs iuridiuli faqtis dadgenaze,
aramed piriqiT, ubiZgeben maT mimarT sasamarTlos.
aseTi araswori praqtikis aRmofxvris mizniT es muxli iTvaliswinebs sasamarTlos movaleobas wardginebiT mimarTos administraciuli organos xelmZRvanels Sesabamisi r eagirebisaTvis, Tavis mxriv, es xelmZRvaneli valdebulia wardginebis miRebidan erTi
Tvis vadaSi acnobos sasamarTlos miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb.
550
551
udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeebs sasamarTlo ganixilavs ssk-iT dadgenili wesebiT, im cvlilebebisa da
damatebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic dadgenilia
am TaviT (311-e muxlis pirveli nawili).
aqedan gamomdinare, gadawyvetileba iuridiuli
faqtis Taobaze SeiZleba gasaCivrdes zemdgom sasamarTloSi.
_ kanonis moTxovna, rom gadawyvetilebis saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba SeuZliaT mxolod
mxareebsa da mesame pirebs damoukidebeli sasarCelo
moTxovniT, ver gavrceldeba udavo warmoebis wesiT
gamotanil gadawyvetilebebze iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, radagan aseTi warmoebis dros aris mxolod ganmcxadebeli da ar arian mxareebi, mesame pirebi damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT, Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi).
aqedan gamomdinare, iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis
Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba SeuZlia yvela
dainteresebul pirs, romlebsac miaCniaT, rom am faqtis dadgeniT Seilaxa maTi ufleba.
amasTan dakavSirebiT, erT-erT Tavis ganCinebaSi sakasacio sasamarTlom miuTiTa:
_ Tu iuridiuli faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb dainteresebulma pirebma gaiges sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanis Semdeg, maT ufleba aqvT gaasaCivron es gadawyvetileba saapelacio wesiT, moiTxovon
misi gauqmeba da saqmis saerTo sasarCelo wesiT ganxilva, Tu es gadawyvetileba jer kidev ar aris Sesuli
kanonier ZalaSi.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gadawyvetileba Sesulia
kanonier ZalaSi, dainteresebul pirebs, SeuZliaT mimarTon am gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTlos misi baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.50
50
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da
gakotrebis saqmeTa palatis 2002 w. 13 ivnisis gadawyvetileba, saqme
#3k/681-02. dawvrilebiT ix. T.liluaSvili, v.xrustali. saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika udavo warmoebis wesiT iuridiuli
faqtebis dadgenis Sesaxeb. g-ba sani. Tb. 2003.
552
T a v i XXXVI I
553
ukvalod dakargulis qoneba marTon mindobili sakuTrebis saxiT, maT Soris, miiRon misgan sargebeli. am qonebidan miecema sarCo ugzo-ukvlod dakargulis rCenaze myof pirebs da daifareba valebi. piris gardacvlilad aRiarebis iuridiuli interesi SeiZleba hqondeT im pirebs, romlebsac SeuZliaT miiRon samkvidro
qoneba memkvidreobiT (memkvidreebs). am pirebs, e. i.
memkvidreebs SeuZliaT Seitanon gancxadeba rogorc
piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargvis, ise misi gardacvlilad
gamocxadebis Sesaxeb.
ar aris gamoricxuli, rom arc kanonismieri da arc
anderZismieri memkvidreebi ar arsebobdnen, aseT SemTxvevaSi qoneba (umkvidro qoneba) gadadis xazinaze,
aqedan gamomdinare, piris gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba SeiZleba Seitanos sasamarTloSi xazinam.
_ gancxadeba Seitaneba sasamarTloSi ganmcxadeblis, e. i. dainteresebuli piris sacxovrebeli adgilis
mixedviT.
Reba (memkvidreobis gaxsna), marCenalis sikvdilis gamo pensiis miReba da a. S. aRsaniSnavia, rom moqalaqis
gamocxadeba gardacvlilad iwvevs igive iuridiul Sedegs, rasac moqalaqis gardacvaleba (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1122-e da 1319-e muxlebi). magram ugzo-ukvlod
an gardacvlilad gamocxadebas ar SeiZleba miznad
hqondes sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis devnis
Sewyveta.
_ gancxadebaSi garda miznisa, miTiTebuli unda iyos
iseT garemoebaze, romlebic adastureben ugzo-ukvlod dakargvas an gardacvalebas. magaliTad, samisamarTo biuroebis uaryofiTi pasuxebi, aseTive uaryofiTi cnobebi misi adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb samuSao
Tu bolo an savaraudo adgilebidan da a. S. Tu gancxadeba moiTxovs moqalaqis gardacvlilad aRiarebas, maSin miTiTebuli unda iyos garemoebebze, romlebic sikvdiliT emuqreboda moqalaqes, magaliTad, saaviacio
Tu avtokatastrofebi, miwisZvra, wyaldidoba da a. S.
(samoqalaqo kodeqsis 22-e muxli).
raudi piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Taobaze unda emyarebodes iseT garemoebebs, romlebic qmnian maRali xarisxis varauds
am faqtebis Sesaxeb.
_ imisaTvis, rom es varaudi efuZnebodes sakmarisad utyuar safuZvels, sasamarTlom TviTon ganmcxadeblisagan unda gaigos, Tu visgan SeiZleba saWiro
cnobebis miReba dakargulis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad,
sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiT gamouZaxos
da gamokiTxos im pirebs, an organizaciis TanamSromlebs, romlebTan erTad muSaobda dakarguli bolo
dros.
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom piri SeiZleba ganzrax gauCinardes im mizniT, raTa Tavidan aicilos sisxlis Tu samoqalaqo pasuxismgebloba, raime valdebulebebis Sesruleba da sxva. Tumca ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba ar warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis devnis Sewyvetis safuZvels.
556
557
T a v i
XXXVIII
gansjadobas. gancxadeba piris SezRudul qmeduunarod aRiarebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes am piris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, xolo Tu es piri moTavsebulia fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi, maSin am dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT.
gansjadobis aseTi wesi ganpirobebulia piris mimarT yvela saWiro faqtobrivi garemoebisa da mtkicebulebis ukeT Seswavlis, Semowmebisa da gamokvlevis
interesebiT.
ecnobos am organoebs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (70-78e muxlebi); Tu, miuxedavad amisa, am organos warmomadgeneli ar gamocxaddeba daniSnul dRes sxdomaze, sasamarTlom unda gadados saqmis ganxilva da ganmeorebiT Seatyobinos mas da mis zemdgom organos, rom maTi
monawileoba savaldebuloa.
2. qmeduunarod aRiarebul moqalaqes eniSneba meurve. amitom, am saqmis ganxilvisas aseve savaldebuloa meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis monawileoba, ris Sesaxebac droulad unda ecnobos am organos. Tu, miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlo
sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba aRniSnuli organos warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlom unda gadados saqmis ganxilva da Seatyobinos amis Sesaxeb am organos da mis zemdgom organos, romlis zemoqmedebiTac unda moxdes aRniSnuli organos warmomadgenlis saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobis uzrunvelyofa. ganmeorebiT gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos
saqme. policiis meSveobiT meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos warmomadgenlis procesSi monawileobis
uzrunvelyofa mizanSeuwonelia.
3. piri, romelmac Seitana gancxadeba (ganmcxadebeli) piris SezRudul qmedunarianad an qmeduunarod
aRiarebis Sesaxeb, ganTavisuflebulia rogorc saxelmwifo baJis, ise saqmis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli
sxva xarjebisagan.
T a v i
XXXIX
568
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac fasiani qaRaldis gamomSvebi (emitenti) ar asrulebs am movaleobas da ar awodebs saWiro cnobebs ganmcxadebels, maSin mas SeuZlia
ssk 103-e muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad (ix. am muxlis
komentari), iSuamdgomlos sasamarTlos winaSe, raTa
man gamoiTxovos es cnobebi.
_ fasiani qaRaldebi sxvadasxva saxisaa. sasamarTlos wesiT uflebis aRdgena dasaSvebia mxolod sawarmdgenlo da saordero fasian qaRaldze. sawarmdgenlo fasiani qaRaldi iseTi dokumentia, romelSic araa
miTiTebuli is konkretuli piri, romelsac gaaCnia
moTxovnis ufleba. amitom, aseTi ufleba warmoeSoba
nebismier pirs, vinc warmoadgens fasian qaRalds. rac
Seexeba saordero fasian qaRalds, igi gamoiwereba gansazRvrul pirze, magram imis miTiTebiT, rom qaRaldSi gamoxatuli moTxovnis ufleba aqvs ara marto mis
pirvel mflobels, aramed garkveuli pirobebis dacviT, nebismier sxva pirs.52 rac Seexeba fasiani qaRaldebis iseT saxeobas, rogoricaa piradi fasiani qaRaldi, igi gansazRvruli piris saxelze Sedgenili dokumentia da mxolod am pirs aqvs moTxovnis ufleba. es
imas niSnavs, rom sxvisTvis aseTi uflebis gadacema, an
qaRaldSi gamoxatuli moTxovnis miReba praqtikulad
gamoricxulia.
miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis 928-e muxlis me-3 nawili iTvaliswinebs, rom Tu piradi fasiani qaRaldi `dakarguli an ganadgurebulia,
maSin igi gansakuTrebuli (udavo) warmoebis gziT Zaladakargulad gamocxaddeba, Tu ki sxva ram ar aris
gaTvaliswinebuli. es wesi ar moqmedebs mcire Rirebulebis mqone dokumentebis dakargvisas~.
samoqalaqo kodeqsis am danawesidan gamomdinare,
ssk-is XXXIX Tavi saWiroebs garkveul dazustebas, magram sanam aseTi dazusteba moxdebodes, sasamarTlo52
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari, wigni meoTxe,
t.II, Tb.,2001,gv.251
569
ebma unda miiRon gansaxilvelad udavo warmoebis wesiT piradi fasiani qaRaldis Zaladakargulad gamocxadebis (baTilad cnobis) Sesaxeb gancxadeba.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs gansjadobas:
gancxadeba dakarguli an ganadgurebuli sawarmdgenlo, saordero an pirad fasian qaRaldze SeiZleba wardgenil iqnes sasamarTloSi am fasiani qaRaldis gamcemi dawesebulebis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT, romlis misamarTi miTiTebul unda iqnes gancxadebaSi.
571
572
marTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs da daadgens vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSic sabuTis gamcem dawesebulebas (pirs) aukrZalavs awarmoos am sabuTiT gadaxda da
gacema. es vada ar SeiZleba aRematebodes
2 Tves.
2. imavdroulad sasamarTlo ganumartavs
ganmcxadebels mis uflebas aRZras sarCeli sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb saerTo wesiT im piris mimarT, visac xelTa aqvs sabuTi, xolo am ukanasknels _ mis uflebas
gadaaxdevinos ganmcxadebels zarali, rac
gamowveulia akrZalvis RonisZiebiT. sasamarTlos ganCinebaze SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana.
1. sabuTis xelTmqonis mier sasamarTloSi gancxadebis droulad Setana am sabuTze misi uflebis Sesaxeb,
warmoadgens ganmcxadeblis mier Semotanili gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis safuZvels, ris Sesaxebac
sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba. amave ganCinebiT sasamarTlo gansazRvravs vadas ara umetes ori Tvisa, romlis ganmavlobaSi aikrZaleba am sabuTiT gadaxda da gacema. aq mocemulia maqsimaluri vada. sasamarTlos SeuZlia daniSnos ufro Semcirebulia vada.
2. garda zemoaRniSnulisa, ganCinebaSi miTiTebuli
unda iyos: a) ganmcxadeblis ufleba aRZras sarCeli sabuTis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb saerTo wesiT im piris winaaRmdeg, visac xelT aqvs es sabuTi; b) sabuTis xelTmqonis ufleba, moiTxovos ganmcxadeblisagan im zaralis
anazRaureba, rac gamowveuli iyo am sabuTiT gadaxdisa
da gacemis aramarTlzomierad akrZalviT; g) sabuTis
gamcemi dawesebulebis gafrTxileba, rom, Tu igi, miuxedavad akrZalvisa, mainc moaxdens am sabuTiT gadaxdas, mas daekisreba materialuri pasuxismgebloba im piris mimarT, romelic sasamarTlom aRiara dakarguli sabuTis mesakuTred.
574
sarCeli, Tu igi iqneba wardgenili, unda aRiZras saerTo wesiT da maT Soris, gansjadobis dacviT, e. i. igi
unda aRiZras ara sabuTis gamcemi dawesebulebis, aramed mopasuxis sacxovrebeli (adgilsamyofeli) adgilis mixedviT.
_ sasamarTlos ganCinebaze gancxadebis ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba kerZo saCivris Setana (414-420-e muxlebi).
575
577
T a v i XL
qonebis upatronod cnoba
muxli 337. gancxadebis Setana
gancxadeba qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb sasamarTloSi Seaqvs im pirs, romelic daeufla qonebas fizikuri piris sacxovrebeli adgilis an iuridiuli piris
adgilsamyofelis mixedviT.
_ am TavSi igulisxmeba mxolod moZravi nivTebis
upatronod cnoba, radgan mitovebul (`upatrono~) uZrav nivTze sakuTrebis uflebas iZens mxolod saxelmwifo.
_ gancxadeba qonebis upatronod cnobis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanos im pirma, romelic daeufla qonebas,
anu romelic faqtiurad flobs upatrono qonebas. qonebas SeiZleba daeuflos da, Sesabamisad, gancxadebiT SeiZleba mimarTos sasamarTlos, rogorc fizikurma, ise iuridiulma pirma.
gancxadeba Setanili unda iqnes ganmcxadeblis sacxovrebeli adgilis miexdviT, xolo Tu ganmcxadebeli iuridiuli piria _ misi adgilsamyofelis mixedviT.
578
bulia mesakuTris mier im ganzraxvis gareSe, rom SeinarCunos am qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba, e. i. uwindelma mesakuTrem miatova nivTze mflobeloba sakuTrebaze uaris Tqmis mizniT.@ 53
erT-erTi garemoebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas moZravi qonebis
upatronod cnobisa da misi ganmcxadeblis (e. i. im piris, romelic daeufla qonebas) sakuTrebaSi gadacemis Sesaxeb. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arcerTi zemoT
miTiTebuli garemoeba ar dadasturdeba, sasamarTlo
gamoitans gadawyvetilebas gancxadebis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, anu qonebis upatronod cnobaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
53
582
T a v i XLI
sawarmosa da kavSiris registracia amoRebulia
muxli 342-348 amoRebulia
T a v i XLII
Svilad ayvana
muxli 349. gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis
Sesaxeb
gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb Seitaneba sasamarTloSi mSvileblis an Svilad
asayvanis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
_ administraciuli wesiT Svilad ayvanis sakiTxis
gadawyvetisas daSvebulma uxeSma Secdomebma ganapiroba am uaRresad mniSvnelovani sakiTxis sasamarTlo
wesiT gadawyvetis aucilebloba. samoqalaqo kodeqsis
1242-e muxlis Tanaxmad, amieridan Svilad ayvanis sakiTxs ganixilavs sasamarTlo, riTac mniSvnelovnad
gaZlierda rogorc Svilad asayvanis, ise mSvileblis
interesebis dacvis garantiebi.
_ es muxli gansazRvravs alternatiul gansjadobas:
gancxadeba SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sasamarTloSi rogorc mSvileblis, ise Svilad asayvanis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. arCevanis ufleba aqvs ganmcxadebels.
_ gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb SeiZleba sasamarTloSi Seitanos nebismierma srulwlovanma da qmedunarianma pirma, garda im pirisa: a) romelsac CamorTmeuli aqvs mSoblis ufleba; b) adre hyavda naSvilebi, magram Svileba gauqmda mis mier mSvileblis movaleobis arajerovnad Sesrulebis gamo; g) romelsac
583
584
1. aqedan gamomdinare, am muxlis pirveli nawili moiTxovs, rom gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli iyos mSvileblisa da Svilad asayvanis Sesaxeb monacemebi, kerZod,
mSvileblis (mSvileblebis) daxasiaTeba misi samuSao
adgilidan, agreTve masTan erT saxlSi mcxovrebi pirebisagan, romlebic Seicaven cnobebs Svilad amyvanis moralur-zneobrivi da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebis mosazreba mis Sesaxeb, rac am organoebis daskvnaSi iqneba Camoyalibebuli da a.S.
2. gancxadebis gansaxilvelad miRebis erT-erTi winapirobaa sasamarTloSi im sabuTebis warmodgena, romlebic CamoTvlilia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi. es sabuTebi Tan unda erTvodes gancxadebas.
_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1242-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gamoitanos sasamarTlom mxolod meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos daskvnis miRebis Semdeg. es daskvna SeiZleba Seicavdes mSvileblis daxasiaTebasac, agreTve
garemoebebs, romlebic adastureben, rom Svileba xdeba bavSvis interesebisaTvis. amave daskvnaSi unda iyos
am organoebis Tanxmoba gaSvilebaze, rac saWiroa mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gasaSvilebeli meurveobaSia da mas ar hyavs mSoblebi.
_ mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom mSoblebs SeuZliaT gaSvilebaze Tanxmoba ganacxadon mSvileblis (konkretuli piris) miuTiTeblad. mSvileblis
SerCeva maT SeuZliaT miandon meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos (samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1251-e muxli).
3. udavo warmoebis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas Zlier SezRudulia SejibrebiTobis principis moqmedeba,
radgan aq ar gvyavs urTierTdapirispirebuli, modave
mxareebi. amitom, aq ar gvaqvs WeSmaritebis dadgenis
is garantiebi, romlebic sasarCelo warmoebis dros
aris .
am xarvezis Sevseba xdeba sasamarTlos aqtiuri roliT, romelsac SeuZlia ara marto ganmcxadeblis Txov585
niT, aramed Tavisi iniciativiT gamoiTxovos mtkicebulebebi, gamoitanos ganCineba saqmis daxurul sxdomaze ganxilvis Sesaxeb, Tu es misi azriT ufro mizanSewonilia.
leblis TxovniT sajarod ar gamocxaddeba, Svilad ayvanis konfidencialurobis uzrunvelsayofad SeiZleba Seicvalos naSvilebi bavSvis dabadebis adgili, Tve
da ricxvi da a. S.
2. gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb kanonier
ZalaSi Sedis ssk 264-e muxliT dadgenil vadebSi da
wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
_ gadawyvetileba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb registrirebul, unda iqnes samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi
am gadawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixedviT. amitom, gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg
erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, sasamarTlom mSvileblis
TxovniT an Tavisi iniciativiT unda gadaugzavnos igi
samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi.
3. gadawyvetilebis registracia savaldebuloa. es
imas niSnavs, rom Svilad ayvana warmoSobs uflebebsa
da movaleobebs registraciis SemTxvevaSi, magram es
uflebebi da movaleobebi warmoiSoba ara registraciis momentidan, aramed gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan.
587
T a v i XLII1
dakarguli saqmis warmoebis aRdgena
am muxlis me-2 winadadeba uSvebs imis SesaZleblobas, rom Tu dakarguli saqmis warmoeba ar aris damTavrebuli, gancxadeba Seitaneba im sasamarTloSi, romlis
warmoebaSic aris es saqme. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda
aRiniSnos, rom ise rogorc sarCelis ganuxilvelad datovebis SemTxvevaSi, am SemTxvevaSic sasamarTlom unda
urCios mxares aRZras ganmeorebiT sarCeli.
590
dakargul saqmesTan, miTiTebuli unda iyos gancxadebaSi, kerZod masSi unda aRiniSnos:
- ra saproceso mdgomareoba ekava ganmcxadebels iyo mosarCele, mopasuxe, mesame piri damoukidebeli
moTxovniT da a.S.
- vin iRebda monawileobas saqmis ganxilvaSi da ra
statusiT anu vin gamodioda mxared, Tanamonawiled,
mesame pirad, mowmed, eqspertad da a.S. maTi misamarTebis miTiTebiT.
2. mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes dokumentebi, romlebsac raime kavSiri aqvT dakargul
saqmesTan. amitom, es dokumentebi unda daurTos ganmcxadebelma Tavis gancxadebas. cxadia, dokumentebi (maTi
aslebi) unda iyos saTanado wesiT damowmebuli, magram
daumowmebeli dokumentebic unda daerTos gancxadebas,
romlebic saTanado Semowmebisa da Sefasebis Sedegad
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan mtkicebulebebad.
mtkicebulebebad SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnan
saqmeSi monawile pirTa, agreTve im mowmeebisa da
eqspertebis (specialistebis) Cvenebebi, romlebic
monawileobdnen dakarguli saqmis ganxilvaSi. isini
SeiZleba gamoZaxebuli iyvnen da daikiTxon sasamarTlo sxdomaze, romelzec ganixileba dakarguli saqmis
warmoebis aRdgenis sakiTxi.
3. ganmcxadebeli ixdis saxelmwifo baJs mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqmis warmoeba daikarga misi
braliT. amitom, Tu warmodgenili masalebidan aSkarad Cans, rom saqmis dakargva ar SeiZleboda momxdariyo
ganmcxadeblis braliT, saxelmwifo baJis gadauxdeloba ar SeiZleba gaxdes gancxadebis miRebaze da ganxilvaze uaris Tqmis safuZveli.
596
597
kari meSvide
saojaxo, administraciuli,
saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi
urTierTobebidan warmoSobili da
reketuli qonebis CamorTmevasa da
saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemasTan
dakavSirebuli saqmeebis ganxilvis
Taviseburebani
T a v i
XLIII
598
_ samoqalaqo kodeqsis 1122-e muxlis Tanaxmad, erTerTi meuRlis gardacvaleba an gardacvlilad gamocxadeba (317-e muxli) warmoadgens qorwinebis Sewyvetis safuZvels. amitom, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
saWiro aRaraa. magram saqme imitomac unda Sewydes, rom
aRaraa mowinaaRmdege mxare, xolo uflebamonacvleobas kanoni ar uSvebs (272-e muxlis `e~ qvepunqti).
saqmis warmoebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba (273-e muxli).
samarTlo am SemTxvevaSi, SeboWili araa; b) TviTon Tavisi iniciativiT gamoiTxovos ara marto is mtkicebulebebi, romlebzec miuTiTeben mxareebi, aramed romlebzec mxareebi ar miuTiTeben, magram romlebsac aqvT
mniSvneloba mtkicebis saganSi Semaval dasadgen (saZiebel) garemoebaTa dasadastureblad.
2. mosarCeles SeuZlia sarCelSi gaaerTianos ramdenime moTxovna, imisgan damoukideblad, erTsa da imave
safuZvlebs emyareba es moTxovnebi Tu ara (182-e muxli).
_ saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoSobili davebis drosac aseTi gaerTianeba, SeerTeba ramdenime moTxovnisa, dasaSvebia, magram mxolod erTi pirobiT _ Tu es moTxovnebi saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan warmoiSoba.
magaliTad, ganqorwinebis saqmis gadawyvetasTan erTad meuRleebs SeuZliaT moiTxovon qonebis gayofac.
radgan orive es moTxovna wesrigdeba saojaxo samarTliT, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos es moTxovnebi. magram ganqorwinebis saqmesTan erTad ar SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes, magaliTad, sesxis, qiravnobis, zianis miyenebiT da a. S. warmoSobili urTierTobebis safuZvelze
aRZruli saqmeebi, radgan aseTi kategoriis saqmeebi
ar ganekuTvneba saojaxo-samarTlebrivi urTierTobebidan warmoSobil saqmeTa kategorias.
ria, radgan am ganCinebaSi Camoyalibebuli gankarguleba droebiTia da sabolood igi aisaxeba gadawyvetilebaSi, romelzec SeiZleba saapelacio (sakasacio) saCivris Setana.
_ amasTan erTad, mxares SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos gancxadebiT (ara saCivriT), raTa man Secvalos
an gaauqmos es ganCineba. sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba am gancxadebiT aRZruli Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebis an masze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. es ganCineba ar
gasaCivrdeba kerZo saCivriT da gancxadeba ar gadaigzavneba zemdgom sasamrTloSi im SemTxvevaSic, roca
sasamarTlo uars eubneba mxares ganCinebis (droebiTi
gankargulebis) Secvlaze an mTlianad gauqmebaze.
T a v i XLIV (amoRebulia)
603
Tavi XLIV1
warmoeba reketuli an qurduli samyaros
wevris, an adamianiT movaWris qonebis
GamorTmevasa da saxelmwifosaTvis
gadacemasTan dakavSirebiT
55
608
609
612
614
617
618
T a v i
XLIV
wigni mesame
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa
gasaCivreba
kari merve
apelacia
T a v i
XLV
apelaciis dasaSveboba
muxli 364. saapelacio saCivris
Setana
sasamarTlos pirveli instanciiT gamotanili gadawyvetileba mxareebma da mesame
pirebma damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT SeiZleba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi
gaasaCivron saapelacio sasamarTloSi
1. es muxli gansazRvravs or fundamentur sakiTxs:
a) saapelacio gasaCivrebis obieqts, anu sasamarTlos
romeli gadawyvetilebebi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio sasamarTloSi da b) saapelacio saCivris uflebis subieqtebs, anu vin SeiZleba gaasaCivros saapelacio wesiT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi.
a) saapelacio saCivris obieqti SeiZleba iyos raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebis maT Soris magistrati mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebebi, amave sasamarTloebis mier gamotanili ganCinebebi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis Taobaze Setanili saCivris
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmisa da misi ZalaSi datovebis Sesaxeb (240-e muxlis me-3 nawili) da maTi ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebebi (366-e muxlis
me-2 nawili).
620
b) saapelacio saCivris uflebis subieqtebia mxareebi, e. i. mosarCele da mopasuxe, agreTve mesame piri damoukidebeli moTxovniT.
saapelacio gasaCivrebis subieqtebia agreTve Tanamonawileebi (TanamosarCeleebi, Tanamopasuxeebi),
romlebic sargebloben yvela im saproceso uflebiT,
romlebic am kodeqsis Tanaxmad miniWebuli aqvT mxareebs (87-e muxli).
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Tanamonawileobis safuZvels warmoadgens saerTo ufleba (86-e muxlis `a~ qvepunqti), e. i. sarCelis sagania saerTo ufleba, maSin
erT-erT mosarCeles SeuZlia Seitanos saapelacio saCivari gadawyvetilebaze nebismier farglebSi. igive
SeuZlia erT-erT mopasuxes (Tanamopasuxes), roca valdebuleba solidarulia. magram im SemTxvevaSi, roca
erT sarCelSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva mosarCelis
sxvadasxva moTxovna sxvadasxva an erTi da igive mopasuxis mimarT, maSin erT-erT mosarCeles (TanamosarCeles) SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba im nawilSi, romelic erT sarCelSi gaerTianebul mis moTxovnas exeba. igive wesi unda gavrceldes Tanamopasuxeebzec, rodesac maT mimarT aRZrulia ara erTiani, aramed sxvadasxva (gancalkevebuli) moTxovnebi.
_ Tu saqmis warmoeba sasamarTloSi mindobili aqvs
erT-erT Tanamonawiles (87-e muxlis me-2 nawili) gasaCivrebis uflebamosilebiT, maSin mas SeuZlia gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba rogorc mTlianad, ise nawilobriv.
_ im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT gansazRvrulia iseTi piris uflebebi da movaleobebi, romelic ar figurirebda saqmeSi arc mxared, arc mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovniT, arc
Tanamonawiled, arc uflebamonacvled da aqedan gamomdinare arc saqmeSi yofila Cabmuli da arc dabarebuli (mowveuli), aseT pirs unda mieces ufleba gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba, radgan darRveulia misi
fundamenturi ufleba, monawileoba miiRos sasa621
gasaCivrebisas _ `saCivris Setanis droisaTvis arsebuli fasebi~ (me-40 muxlis me-3 nawili).
_ aqedan gamomdinare, sarCelis fasi da saapelacio
saCivris fasi SeiZleba ar daemTxves erTmaneTs imis
gamo, rom saapelacio saCivris wardgenis dros sadavo
nivTebis fasebi Semcirda an, piriqiT, gaizarda.
saapelacio saCivris Rirebulebis gansazRvra SeiZleba kidev ufro garTuldes, rodesac gasaCivrebuli
gadawyvetilebiT mosarCeles miekuTvna mxolod nawili qonebisa (nivTebisa), xolo nawilze uari eTqva. am
SemTxvevaSi wamoiWreba sakiTxi, ra Rirebulebisaa qonebis is nawili, romelzec uari eTqva an romelTa mimarTac sarCeli dakmayofilda.
_ Tu saCivris Rirebulebis moculoba iwvevs eWvs,
maSin am Rirebulebis sarwmunod damtkicebis (dadasturebis) tvirTi ekisreba apelants. Rirebulebis moculobis dasadastureblad apelantma SeiZleba warudginos saapelacio sasamarTlos specialistis daskvna, amonakrebi presis furclebidan, romelSic miTiTebulia sadavo nivTebis sabazro Rirebuleba, oficialurad damtkicebuli preiskurantebi da a. S.
des mxolod im safuZvliT, rom ar arsebobda ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanisaTvis Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi wanamZRvrebi.
1. am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes ara saapelacio wesiT, aramed imave sasamarTloSi (236-e muxli). saapelacio wesiT SeiZleba
gasaCivrdes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCineba saCivris
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb (240-e muxlis me3 nawili).
2. ar aris gamoricxuli iseTi viTareba, rodesac erTi da igive piris mimarT gamotanilia ori dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba da arc erTi ar aris gauqmebuli an
pirveli gauqmebulia, magram meore ara.
magaliTad, sasamarTlo sxdomaze ar gamocxadda
mxare. sasamarTlom gamoitana mis winaaRmdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. es gadawyvetileba gaasaCivra
am mxarem. sasamarTlom kvlav gamoitana mis mimarT meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. es meore gadawyvetileba
SeiZleba gaasaCivros am mxarem mxolod saapelacio wesiT.
SeiZleba Seiqmnas sxvagvari viTarebac: mxarem, romelmac gaasaCivra pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, gamocxadda misi saCivris ganxilvaze. ganxilvis
Sedegad dadasturda, rom gamoucxadebloba gamowveuli iyo sapatio mizeziT. sasamarTlom gamoitana ganCineba dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da
saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (241-e muxli). mxareTa TxovniT amave sxdomaze sarCelis ganxilva ar Sedga da
dainiSna am saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvisaTvis sxva dRe.
magram am sxdomaze kvlav ar gamocxadda momCivani mxare. mis mimarT meored (ganmeorebiT) gamotanil iqna dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, marTa625
lia mis mimarT arsebobs ara ori, aramed erTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, radgan pirveli dauswrebeli
gadawyvetileba mis mimarT gauqmebulia, magram miuxedavad amisa, am mxares SeuZlia mimarTos saCivriT mxolod saapelacio (da ara imave) sasamarTlos.
_ meore (ganmeorebiT) dauswrebel gadawyvetilebaze Setanili saapelacio saCivari SeiZleba emyarebodes 241-e muxlSi miTiTebul garemoebebs, romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSi kanoni krZalavs dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis gamotanas saerTod (ix. am muxlis komentari).
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628
madgenels, romelsac ar gaaCnia specialuri uflebamosileba amisaTvis, an mas ar aqvs ufleba gamovides warmomadgenlad saapelacio (sakasacio) sasamarTloSi
(440-e muxli).
5. xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb saapelacio sasamarTlos
gamoaqvs ganCineba. apelants SeuZlia sTxovos sasamarTlos xarvezis SevsebisaTvis ganCinebiT daniSnuli vadis gagrZeleba mxolod konkretuli saproceso moqmedebis Sesasruleblad daniSnul vadis amowurvamde. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Tavisi iniciativiTac gaagrZelos es vada (64-e muxli). magram, Tu vada
ar gagrZelebula, an vada gavida, saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba saapelacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi dauSveblobis gamo (374-e
muxli). aseT SemTxvevaSi apelants ubrundeba mis mier
Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi.
57
58
634
T a v i
XLVI
636
638
640
1. am muxlSi miTiTebul vadaSi saapelacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis yvela piroba, kerZod:
a) daculia Tu ara saapelacio saCivris wardgenis
14 dRiani vada (369-e muxli);
b) pasuxobs Tu ara saapelacio saCivris Sinaarsi kanonis moTxovnebs (368-e muxli);
g) Seesabameba Tu ara saapelacio saCivris Rirebuleba kanoniT gansazRvrul odenobas (365-e muxli);
d) aris Tu ara gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
(366-e muxli);
e) aqvs Tu ara saCivris Semomtan warmomadgenels
gadawyvetilebis saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebis uflebamosileba (368-e muxlis me-4 nawili);
v) gadaxdilia Tu ara saxelmwifo baJi;
z) uari xom ar aqvs naTqvami apelants saapelacio
gasaCivrebaze kanoniT dadgenili wesiT (370-e muxli).
_ Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis Semowmebis
Sedegad aRmoCndeba, rom arsebobs misi dasaSvebobis
yvela piroba, saapelacio sasamarTlo miiRebs ganCinebas `saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da
misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~. amave ganCinebiT igi niSnavs
saapelacio saCivris ganxilvis dResac (376-e muxli).
_ Tu saapelacio saCivris dasaSvebobis yvela piroba ar arsebobs, saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs ganCineba xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb, Tu xarvezi Tavisi
xasiaTiTa da SinaarsiT iseTia, rom misi Sevseba SesaZlebelia (magaliTad, saCivris Sinaarsis Camoyalibeba
kanonis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, baJis gadaxda, warmomadgenlis mindobilobaSi gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis uflebamosilebis aRniSvna); Tu xarvezi saapelacio sasamarTlos mier daniSnul vadaSi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, an dasaSvebobis piroba iseTia, rom misi Sevseba SeuZlebelia (magaliTad, gasulia gasaCivrebis vada, apelants uari aqvs naTqvami saapelacio gasaCivrebaze, gasaCivrebuli dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba araa
641
ganmeorebiTi dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba), maSin saapelacio sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba saapelacio saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb misi
dauSveblobis gamo~. aseT SemTxvevaSi apelants ubrundeba mis mier Semotanili saxelmwifo baJi.
zemoT miTiTebul ganCinebebs saapelacio mosamarTle iRebs erTpirovnuldad, magram isini miiReba saapelacio sasamarTlos saxeliT, cxadia araa gamoricxuli rom es ganCinebebi miiRos saapelacio sasamarTloskolegiurma Semadgenlobam.
2. yvela ganCineba da, maT Soris, miTiTebuli ganCinebebi, romlebic SeiZleba miRebul iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe da mxareTa Seutyobineblad, SeiZleba
miRebul iqnes mxareTa SetyobinebiTa da zepiri ganxilvis Sedegadac, Tu es sasamarTlos mizanSewonilad da saWirod miaCnia. kanoni uSvebs ganCinebis zepiri ganxilvis gareSe miRebis SesaZleblobas, magram
ar krZalavs am ganCinebis zepiri ganxilvis Sedegad miRebis SesaZleblobas.
_ kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba mxolod ganCinebaze saCivris ganuxilvelad datovebis Sesaxeb, magram ara
ganCinebaze saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebis Sesaxeb.
iqnes zepiri ganxilvis gareSe. sasamarTlos SeuZlia aRsrulebis SeCereba, aRsrulebis RonisZiebis gauqmeba, agreTve aRsrulebis gagrZeleba uzrunvelyofis Sesabamisi garantiebis gamoyenebiT.
1. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlom
gamoitana `ganCineba saapelacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da misi momzadebis Sesaxeb~, gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdeba im nawilSi, romelSic igi gasaCivrebulia. am ganCinebaSi imis Cawera, rom gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla SeCerdes, aucilebeli araa. gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla Cerdeba
ara sasamarTlos ganCinebis, aramed kanonis ZaliT.
2. es kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis SesaZleblobas, sanam igi kanonier ZalaSi Sevidodes (268-e muxli).
_ Tu saapelacio saCivari Setanilia iseT gadawyvetilebaze, romlis mimarT gamotanilia ganCineba kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlamde misi dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlos apelantis
SuamdgomlobiT SeuZlia gamoitanos ganCineba gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis
droebiT SeCerebisa da aRsrulebis RonisZiebebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
_ saapelacio sasamarTlos mier aseTi ganCinebis miReba aucilebelia, radgan saapelacio saCivris Setana
avtomaturad ver SeaCerebs dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis
Sesaxeb adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis moqmedebas.
amasTan erTad, saapelacio sasamarTlos mxareTa SuamdgomlobiT SeuZlia gamoiyenos aRsrulebis gauqmebiT, SeCerebiT, agreTve aRsrulebis gagrZelebiT mosalodneli zianis anazRaurebis uzrunvelyofa 57-e
da 268-e muxlis me-2 nawiliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am
muxlebis komentari).
643
646
59
651
warmoiSvnen pirvel instanciaSi saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, an kidev, TiTon mxarem, an sasamarTlom ar CaTvala isini saqmisTvis mniSvnelobis mqoned.
faqtebi qmnian sarCelis (Sesageblis) safuZvels.
aqedan gamomdinare, mosarCeles saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros SeuZlia Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli, xolo mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia daupirispiros mas axali faqtebi.
amasTan dakavSirebiT metad mniSvnelovania sakasacio sasamarTlos samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romlis Tanaxmad `ssk 380-e muxliT saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas SeiZleba moyvanil iqnes axali faqtebi da axali mtkicebulebebi. cxadia, rom axali mtkicebulebebis wardgena emsaxureba sarCelis safuZvelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis dadasturebas. kanonmdebeli uflebas aniWebs ra apelants waradginos axali
faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi saqmis saapelacio wesiT
ganxilvisas, uSvebs SesaZleblobas Secvalos sarCelis safuZveli~.60
b) apelants da mis mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZliaT
warmoadginon saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas axali mtkicebulebebi (382-e muxli).
mxareTa es uflebebi warmoiSoba mxolod da mxolod
am muxlis meore nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul pirobebSi.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili amkvidrebs praqtikuli
TvalsazrisiT uaRresad principul debulebas _ saapelacio sasamarTlo ar miiRebs da ar gamoikvlevs
axal faqtebs da mtkicebulebebs, Tu:
a) es axali faqtebi da mtkicebulebebi mxares SeeZlo moeyvana jer kidev saqmis pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis dros;
b) am axali faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis miReba da
ganxilva xels SeuSlis saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis droulad ganxilvas;
60
653
655
1. am muxlis pirvel nawils mxedvelobaSi aqvs mtkicebulebaTa gankuTvnadobis principi, romelic ganmtkicebulia agreTve ssk 104-e muxliT (ix. am muxlis
komentari) da romlis Tanaxmad sasamarTlom ar unda
miiRos mtkicebulebebi, `romlebsac saqmisaTvis
mniSvneloba ar aqvT~.
saapelacio sasamarTlo araa SeboWili pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier saqmeSi arsebuli mtkicebulebebis Semowmebisa da Sefasebis SedegebiT. saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia kvlav Seamowmos da Seafasos es mtkicebulebebi. Tu es aucilebelia gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi dasabuTebulobis SemowmebisaTvis, agreTve, Tu arsebobs 380-e
muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi (ix.
am muxlis komentari).
_ faqtebisa da mtkicebulebebis Sefasebas da Semowmebas saapelacio sasamarTlo axdens saapelacio saCivriT wamoyenebul moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi, romliTac SeboWilia saapelacio sasamarTlo.
2. Tu saapelacio sasamarTlo ar iziarebs pirveli
instanciis sasamarTlos mier mtkicebulebaTa Semowmebisa da Sefasebis Sedegs, igi valdebulia Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) miuTiTos, Tu ratom
ar CaTvala saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqti dadasturebulad, romelic pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom dadasturebulad CaTvla,
ratom ar SeiZleba esa Tu is mtkicebuleba miviCnioT
utyuarad (sarwmunod), romelic pirvelma instanciam
sarwmunod CaTvala da a. S.
lebis safuZvlebi, e. i. faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic dadasturebulad da dadgenilad CaTvala da safuZvlad daudo Tavis gadawyvetilebas pirvelma instanciam (gadawyvetilebis faqtobrivi safuZvlebi), kanonebi, romliTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom am faqtobrivi garemoebebis samarTlebrivi Sefasebis mizniT (gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi).
g) saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle Tavis moxsenebaSi unda Seexos agreTve, Tu rogoria saapelacio saCivris moTxovna, anu ras moiTxovs apelanti _
gadawyvetilebis mTlianad Tu nawilobriv gauqmebas,
Secvlas Tu axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas (saapelacio saCivris ganacxadi), ra faqtobriv Tu samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba apelanti, romeli kanonia misi azriT darRveuli da raSi gamoixateba konkretulad es darRveva (393-e da 394-e muxlebi). ra faqtobriv garemoebebs emyareba saapelacio mopasuxis mier
warmodgenili werilobiTi Sesagebeli da a.S.
momxsenebel mosamarTles SeuZlia sxva sakiTxebsac Seexos, Tu mas es saWirod miaCnia.
_ momxsenebeli mosamarTlis Semdeg sityva eZleva
mxareebs da maT warmomadgenlebs. maT ufleba aqvT daazuston da daakonkreton TavianTi moTxovnebisa da
Sesageblis Sinaarsi, Tu momxsenebelma mosamarTlem
raime Secdoma an uzustoba dauSva, magram maT ar unda gaimeoron is, rac ukve iTqva momxsenebeli mosamarTlis mier.
pirveli gamodis apelanti, xolo Semdeg mowinaaRmdege mxare. sasamarTlos nebarTviT mxareebma SeiZleba SekiTxva miscen erTmaneTs.
3. saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilva da mtkicebulebaTa gamokvleva (Semowmeba, Sefaseba) warmoebs im wesebis dacviT, rac dadgenilia pirveli instanciis sasamarTlosTvis, garda im gamonaklisebisa,
rac dadgenilia saapelacio sasamarTlosaTvis am kodeqsis merve kariT.
658
T a v i
XLVII
660
amitom, yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saapelacio sasamarTlo auqmebs gadawyvetilebas misi faqtobrivi
Tu iuridiuli dausabuTeblobis gamo, dauSva da ganixila mxareTa mier warmodgenili faqtebi (380-e muxli), daiwyo mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba da Semowmeba,
man aRar unda daabrunos saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad
da TiTon unda miiRos axali gadawyvetileba.
niT sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis
Sesaxeb.
_ Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare moiTxovs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gadadebs
saqmis ganxilvas sxva droisaTvis, ris Sesaxebac acnobebs gamoucxadebel mxares (apelants), xolo gamocxadebul mowinaaRmdege mxares, agreTve saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs afrTxilebs gadadebuli sxdomis dRis
Sesaxeb da maTi gamoucxadeblobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb,
rac Seitaneba oqmSi da razec xels aweren es pirebi.
Tu apelanti kvlav ar gamocxaddeba, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
2. Tu sxdomaze ar gamocxaddeba mowinaaRmdege mxare (saapelacio mopasuxe), maSin sasamarTlo, apelantis TxovniT, gamoitans dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas,
an Tu aseTi Txovna ar aris da igi moiTxovs saqmis ganxilvis gadadebas, maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gadadebs saqmis ganxilvas, ris Sesaxebac afrTxilebs gamocxadebul mxares da dadgenili wesiT acnobebs gamoucxadebel pirebs. Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare kvlav
ar gamocxaddeba, saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans
dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivris dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb, oRond erTi pirobiT _ Tu saapelacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebi
iuridiulad amarTlebs saapelacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebul apelantis moTxovnas (230-e muxlis me-2 naw.).
3. saapelacio sasamarTloSi erT-erTi an orive mxaris gamoucxadeblobas ukavSirdeba igive Sedegebi,
rogoric maT gamoucxadeblobas pirveli instanciis
sasamarTloSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, mowinaaRmdege mxaris (saapelacio mopasuxis) gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi apelantis (saapelacio mosarCelis) mier miTiTebuli faqtebi iTvleba dadasturebulad, magram dauswrebel gadawyvetilebas apelantis sasargeblod mxolod im Sem665
TxvevaSi gamoitans saapelacio sasamarTlo, Tu es dadasturebulad (damtkicebulad) CaTvlili garemoebebi iuridiulad amarTlebs apelantis moTxovnas (ix.
230-e muxlis me-2 nawilis komentari). Tu ar amarTlebs,
maSin saapelacio sasamarTlo gamoitans gadawyvetilebas saapelacio saCivarze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, magram
es iqneba ara dauswrebeli, aramed Cveulebrivi gadawyvetileba, romelic SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio
wesiT.
_ apelantis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia ssk 229-e muxlis pirobebis dacviT gamoitanos ara marto dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, aramed datovos saapelacio saCivari ganuxilvelad (229-e muxlis me-2 nawili). saapelacio sasamarTlo saCivars ganuxilvelad datovebs, roca sxdomaze ar cxaddeba arcerTi mxare (231-e muxli).
666
667
miewodeba ara mxolod saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, aramed saapelacio wesiT gasaCivrebuli
gadawyvetilebiTac.
3. sarezolucio nawili - esaa sakuTriv gadawyvetileba, romelic gadadis saaRsrulebo furcelSi, Tu gadawyvetileba aRsrulebadia. amitom, misi rac
SeiZleba naTlad da amomwuravad Camoyalibebaze
mTlianadaa damokidebuli ara marto gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba, aramed im uflebebis realurad dacva,
romlebic am gadawyvetilebiTaa aRiarebuli. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilSi savaldebuloa sasamarTlo xarjebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb, agreTve, gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis
vadisa da wesis Sesaxeb miTiTeba (ix. 249-e muxlis me-5
nawilis komentari).
670
671
672
kari mecxre
kasacia
T a v i XLVIII
kasaciis dasaSveboba
muxli 391. sakasacio saCivris Setana
da saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba
1. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi mxareebma da mesame pirebma damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovniT SeiZleba kanoniT dadgenil vadaSi gaasaCivron sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
2. sakasacio saCivari qonebriv-samarTlebriv davebSi dasaSvebia im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba
50000 lars aRemateba.
3. sakasacio saCivris sagnis Rirebuleba
ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT Secvlaze
Seaqvs saCivari mxares. Tu am Rirebulebis
odenoba eWvs iwvevs, sakasacio saCivris
Semtanma pirma es Rirebuleba sarwmunod
unda daadasturos.
4. araqonebriv-samarTlebriv davebSi sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia sityvisa da gamoxatvis
TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul davebze.
5. sakasacio saCivari sxva qonebriv da
araqonebriv davebSi dasaSvebia, Tu:
a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebisa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo
praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis;
b) saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
673
675
Tan dakavSirebiT, saqme isaa, rom adamianis ufleba sakuTar suraTze, anu ufleba TviTon gansazRvros ramdenad SeiZleba misawvdomi iyos sxvebisaTvis fotosuraTebi an videoCanawerebi misi gamosaxulebiT _ daculia kanoniT.63
aRsaniSnavia, rom samoqalaqo kodeqsis me-18 muxlis me-5 nawilis Tanaxmad pirs, romlis gamosaxuleba
(fotosuraTi, kinofilmi, videofilmi da a.S.) gamoqveyndeba misi Tanxmobis gareSe, SeuZlia sasamarTlos meSveobiT moiTxovos uflebis dacva, garda iseTi SemTxvevebisa, roca aseT gamosaxulebaze misi Tanxmoba araa saWiro. Tu rodis araa saWiro misi Tanxmoba gansazRvravs kanoni (sk me-18 muxlis me-5 nawili).
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom am pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos
zianis (zaralis) anazRaurebac, Tu sakuTar gamosaxulebaze misi uflebis darRveva moxda xelmyofis
braliT.64
5. am muxlis me-5 nawili awesrigebs sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobas iseT qonebriv davebSi, romelTa
Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 50000 lars da iseT araqonebriv davebSi, romlebic ar ganekuTvneba sityvisa da
gamoxatvis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebul davebs.
sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis winapirobebi (wanamZRvrebi), romlebic Camoyalibebulia me-5 nawilis
a, b da g qvepunqtebSi erTnairad exeba, rogorc
qonebriv, ise araqonebriv davebs.
ganvixiloT sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis es winapirobebi.
a) saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebisa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.
am punqtis azri da Sinaarsi ar SeiZleba gavigoT ise,
TiTqos sakasacio saCivris daSvebisaTvis aucilebeli
63
677
xarvezis Sevseba araa erTaderTi gza, romlis saSualebiTac xdeba samarTlis ganviTareba. samarTlis ganviTareba SeiZleba moxdes sakasacio sasamarTlos mier
samarTlis normis iseTi interpretaciiT, romliTac
yalibdeba zogadi principi.
amis TvalsaCino magaliTs warmoadgens gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebuli erTi principuli sakiTxi, romlis Sesaxebac sakasacio sasamarTlom gamoTqva Tavisi mosazreba. esaa sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba Tu ara saapelacio Tu sakasacio saCivris
damoukidebeli obieqti iyos gadawyvetilebis mxolod
samotivacio nawili, e.i. SeiZleba Tu ara, rom mxarem
gaasaCivros gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili ise
rom ar gaasaCivros am gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio
nawili. miuxedvad imisa, rom ssk 266-e muxlis Tanaxmad
gadawyvetilebis samotivacio nawili Sedis kanonier
ZalaSi, sakasacio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom samotivacio nawilis gasaCivreba gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawilis Secvlis moTxovnis gareSe dauSvebelia.65
2. saqmis mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo
praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.
es kriteriumic, ise rogorc samarTlis ganviTareba,
sakasacio sasamarTlos sajaro miznis realizacias emsaxureba. am kriteriumis Sinaarsis mixedviT sakasacio
saCivris daSvebisaTvis mTavari da gadamwyvetia ara is,
rom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba emyareba mcdarad
gagebul samarTlebriv safuZvels (kanonis arasworad
gagebas), aramed is, aqvs Tu ara saqmes mniSvneloba erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisaTvis.66
rodis ara gvaqvs erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtika?
erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtika ara gvaqvs maSin,
65
679
680
darRvevas SeeZlo gamoewvia araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana. Tu sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli saproceso darRveva aZlevs sasamarTlos safuZvels aseTi
varaudisaTvis, saCivari daSvebuli unda iqnes. Tu
saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad varaudi gamarTldeba da
gairkveva, rom saproceso darRvevam marTlac gamoiwvia saqmeze araswori gadawyvetilebis gamotana,
sakasacio sasamarTlo gaauqmebs am gadawyvetilebas,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi igi gamoitans ganCinebas sakasacio saCivris dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb.
d) gasaCivrebulia saapelacio sasamarTlos meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba an ganCineba.
dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Sesaxeb
es qvepunqti warmoadgens sakasacio saCivris dasaSvebobis kriteriums. igi miuTiTebs Tu romeli gadawyvetileba da ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT. es qvepunqti imeorebs 240-e muxlis me-3 nawils da 392-e muxlis me-2 nawils. (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
6. 391-e muxlis me-6 nawili gansazRvravs sakasacio
saCivris ganxilvis vadas (6 Tve). es vada iwyeba sakasacio saCivris warmoebaSi miRebis dRidan (401-e muxlis
pirveli nawili) da moicavs rogorc dasaSvebobis
Semowmebasa da Sesabamisi ganCinebis miRebas (403-e muxli), ise saqmis ganxilvas sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) gamotaniT.
683
marisi am saqmis didi palatisaTvis gadasacemad. nebismieri samoqalaqo saqmis gadawyveta dakavSirebulia
ama Tu im samarTlebriv problemasTan, imisaTvis, rom
arsebobdes didi palatisaTvis saqmis gadacemis safuZveli, es problema unda gamomdinareobdes saqmis Sinaarsidan, iyos iSviaTi da saWiroebdes seriozul analizs rogorc faqtobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT. swored faqtebis dadgena da am dadgenili
faqtebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba erTobliobaSi unda
qmnidnen iseT problemas, romelic xasiaTdeba iSviaTobiT, sirTuliT, romlis praqtikuli gadaWris precedenti an ar arsebobs, an ukiduresad mcire raodenobiT mogvepoveba.
b) sakasacio palata ar iziarebs sxva sakasacio
palatis mier adre Camoyalibebul samarTlebriv Sefasebas (normis ganmartebas)
sakasacio palatis mier adre Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic safuZvlad daedo
sxva saqmeze mis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas (ganCinebas), savaldebuloa sxva sakasacio palatebisaTvis
(am palatebis sxva SemadgenlobebisaTvis). maT ufleba ar aqvT gadauxvion am Sefasebebs, ufro metic, samarTlebrivi Sefaseba savaldebuloa im sakasacio palatisaTvisac, romelmac es Sefaseba Camoayaliba
(TviTSezRudvis principi). erTaderTi, rac sakasacio
palatas SeuZlia, roca igi ar eTanxmeba adre miRebul
samarTlebriv Sefasebas - esaa mimarTos did palatas
da gadasces mas saqme gansaxilvelad, romlis mier am
saqmeze gamotanil gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi)
Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefaseba savaldebulo iqneba yvela sakasacio palatisaTvis (SemadgenlobisaTvis), mxolod am gziT SeiZleba samarTlis normebis erTgvarovani gagebis miRweva, erTiani marTlmsajulebis uzrunvelyofa da samarTlis unifikaciis interesebis dacva.
TavisTavad cxadia, rom didi palatisaTvis saqmis
gadacemis Sesaxeb ganCineba motivirebuli unda iyos
685
686
samarTlos SeuZlia gamoitanos am mxaris winaaRmdeg dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba. es iqneba `ganmeorebiT dauswreblobis Sedegad~ mis winaaRmdeg gamotanili meore dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba, da amitom igi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxolod sakasacio wesiT.
_ sakasacio wesiT gasaCivreba imas niSnavs, rom aseTi saCivari unda efuZnebodes kanonis darRvevas (sskis 393-e muxli). am konkretul SemTxvevaSi kanoni darRveulad iTvleba, Tu dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba
gamotanilia ssk-is 233-e da 241-e muxlebis moTxovnaTa gauTvaliswineblad (ix. am muxlebis komentari).
sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia pirveli dauswrebeli gadawyvetilebis ucvlelad datovebis Taobaze miRebul ganCinebazec.
magaliTad, Tu saapelacio sasamarTlom mxaris
gamoucxadeblobis gamo miiRo pirveli dauswrebeli
gadawyvetileba, romelzec im mxarem, romlis winaaRmdegac iyo gamotanili dauswrebeli gadawyvetileba,
Seitana saCivari am gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisa da saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis Sesaxeb, magram sasamarTlom
ganCinebiT es saCivari ar daakmayofila. aseTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio wesiT. (240-e muxlis
me-2 da me-3 nawilebi)
3. saproceso samarTlis normebis darRveva mxolod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, Tu am darRvevis Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanili.
1. sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebas
mxolod samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, e. i. ramdenad
sworadaa gamoyenebuli kanoni saapelacio sasamarTlos mier. amiT igi gansxvavdeba saapelacio sasamarTlosagan, romelsac SeuZlia Seamowmos gadawyvetileba rogorc faqtobrivi, ise samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis TvalsazrisiT.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlos aseTi amocaniTa da uflebamosilebiT aris ganpirobebuli am muxlis pirveli nawilis danawesi, romlis Tanaxmad sakasacio saCivari SeiZleba efuZnebodes mxolod kanonis darRvevas.
_ Tu sakasacio saCivari emyareba ara kanonis darRvevas, aramed gadawyvetilebis mxolod faqtobriv mxares, anu misi faqtobrivi garemoebebiT dausabuTeblobas, maSin aseTi saCivari ver CaiTvleba sakasacio
saCivrad. aseT SemTxvevaSi sakasacio sasamarTlom unda daavalos kasators Seavsos xarvezi. Tu xarvezi daniSnul vadaSi ar iqneba Sevsebuli, sakasacio saCivari
ar daiSveba da sakasacio sasamarTlo gamoitans ganCinebas misi warmoebaSi miRebaze uarisTqmis Sesaxeb (sskis 401-e muxli).
2. sakasacio saCivari ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos
agreTve zogadi miTiTebiT imis Sesaxeb, rom gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma saapelacio sasamarTlom daarRvia samarTlis norma (kanoni).
sakasacio saCivarSi savaldebuloa imaze miTiTeba, Tu konkretulad ra saxiT (formiT) gamovlinda
kanonis es darRveva. kanonis darRvevis saxeebi ki Camoyalibebulia am muxlis me-2 nawilSi, rac imas niSnavs,
rom kasatorma Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos kanonis darRvevis erT-erT saxeze mainc, kerZod:
689
a) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom ar gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoeyenebina,
maSin man Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos, Tu
konkretulad raSi gamoixata aseTi darRveva (ar miuTiTa Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi kanonze, romelic unda
gamoeyenebina da saqme gadawyvita Tavisi mixedulebiT, maSin, rodesac unda gamoeyenebina moqmedi samarTlis esa Tu is norma, romelic am sadavo urTierTobas aregulirebs da a. S.);68
b) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom gamoiyena kanoni, romelic ar unda gamoeyenebina, man Tavis sakasacio saCivarSi unda miuTiTos, konkretulad raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (gamoiyena kanoni (samarTlis norma), romelic gauqmebulia, gamoiyena kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti, romelic
ewinaaRmdegeba kanons, nacvlad Sromis samarTlis
normisa gamoiyena samoqalaqo samarTlebrivi norma,
ramac gamoiwvia sadavo urTierTobis araswori iuridiuli kvalifikacia, nacvlad sanivTo samarTlebrivi normebisa gamoiyena valdebulebiTi samarTlebrivi norma da a. S.); 69
g) Tu kasators miaCnia, rom saapelacio sasamarTlom, marTalia, gamoiyena kanoni, romelic unda gamoeyenebina, magram arasworad gaigo am kanonis azri da Sinaarsi, anu arasworad ganmarta igi, man unda miuTiTos,
konkretulad raSi gamoixateba am kanonis araswori gageba.70
3. saproceso kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia SemTxvevebi, rodesac saproceso normis darRveva iwvevs gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis savaldebulo gauqmebas
(ix. ssk-is 394-e muxlis komentari), magram es srulebiT ar niSnavs imas, rom sxva SemTxvevaSi saproceso
68
69
70
690
691
692
693
Semadgenlobis Sinagani maxasiaTebeli. igi aseTad darCeba nebismier SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad imisa ganixilavs saqmeebs gansjadobisa da saqveuwyebobis wesebis dacviT Tu ara. mxedvelobidan ar SeiZleba gauSvaT
is, rom samoqalaqo saproceso samarTlis calkeul instituts ukavSirdeba misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Sedegebi. am Sedegebis sxva institutebidan dasesxebas SeiZleba moyves seriozuli Secdomebi. magaliTad, 21-e
muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsebobisas
aragansjadi sasamarTlo SeiZleba gansjadi gaxdes,
roca mopasuxe araa winaaRmdegi rom saqme ganixilos
aragansjadma sasamarTlom da a.S. magram sasamarTlos
arakanonieri Semadgenloba verasdros ver gardaiqmneba kanonier Semadgenlobad, Tu ar aRmoifxvra mizezebi, romlebmac ganapirobes am Semadgenlobis arakanoniereba.
b) sasamarTlo ver ganixilavs saqmes da ver gamoitans gadawyvetilebas (verc Cveulebrivs da verc dauswrebels), Tu winaswar ar Seatyobina mxareebs ssk-is
70-78-e muxlebiT dadgenili wesiT74 (ix. am muxlebis
komentari).
_ sasamarTlos SeuZlia ganixilos da gadawyvitos
saqme erT-erTi mxaris dauswreblad, oRond erTi aucilebeli pirobiT, Tu am mxares droulad Cabarda uwyeba sasamarTlo sxdomis Sesaxeb, e. i. droulad hqonda miRebuli Setyobineba saqmis ganxilvis dRis Taobaze da miuxedavad amisa, ar gamocxadda sasamarTlo
sxdomaze (ssk-is 229-e da 230-e muxlebi).
_ ssk-is 101-e muxlis Tanaxmad, qmeduunaro moqalaqis, agreTve SezRuduli qmedunarianobis mqone moqalaqis uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi icaven maTi kanonieri warmomadgenlebi (ix.
am muxlis komentari). is, rac zemoT iTqva mxareebis
mimarT, mTlianad exeba agreTve kanonier warmomad-
74
694
TiTebuli unda iyos kanonebze, romlebiTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom (ssk-is 249-e muxlis me-4 nawili).
cxadia, rom marto kanonebze miTiTeba ar aris sakmarisi. am gadawyvetilebis gamomtanma sasamarTlom unda daasabuTos, Tu ratom ixelmZRvanela am kanoniT.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac gadawyvetilebaSi saerTod
araa miTiTebuli kanonze, romliTac ixelmZRvanela sasamarTlom, an kidev, miTiTebulia, magram araa dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli), Tu ratom gamoiyena saxeldobr es kanoni (samarTlis norma), ris gamoc sakasacio
wesiT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi
dasabuTebulobis (safuZvlianobis) Semowmeba SeuZlebelia, aseTi gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes;
e1) sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi) Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefasebis siswore, misi Sesabamisoba samarTlis normis Semadgenlobis abstraqtul
niSnebTan, normis azrTan da SinaarsTan. magram es SeuZlebeli iqneba, Tu gadawyvetilebidan ar Cans romeli faqtebi CaTvala saapelacio sasamarTlom dadgenilad da, maSasadame, romeli faqtebi Seafasa man iuridiulad, romel faqtebs mianiWa an ar mianiWa iuridiuli mniSvneloba am gadawyvetilebisaTvis da a.S. cxadia, rom gadawyvetilebis Semowmeba saerTod SeuZlebelia, Tu ar Cans romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv
safuZvlebs emyareba igi.
magaliTi:
sakasacio sasamarTlom gaauqma gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetileba da miuTiTa, rom ar aris dadgenili arc
erTi faqtobrivi garemoeba, ar aris aRniSnuli sasamarTlos daskvnebi da mosazrebani. kanoni moiTxovs
dadgenili faqtebis Sefasebas samarTlis normebiT.
Sesabamisad, sakasacio sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom vinaidan mocemul saqmeze ar aris dadgenili faqtobrivi
garemoebebi, gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba SeuZlebelia. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, gadawyve696
697
76
698
sakasacio saCivris farglebSi (ssk-is 404-e muxli). amitom, sakasacio saCivarSi naTlad da garkveviT unda iyos
miTiTebuli gadawyvetilebis romeli nawilia gasaCivrebuli, Tu gadawyvetileba mTlianad ar saCivrdeba.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom kasatorma mTlianad gaasaCivros gadawyvetileba, rogorc im nawilSi, romelic
mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili, ise im nawilSic, romelic gamotanilia mis sawinaaRmdegod. aseTi saCivris
farglebis gansazRvris dros sakasacio sasamarTlom
unda CaTvalos, rom gasaCivrebulia mxolod gadawyvetilebis is nawili, romelic kasatoris winaaRmdegaa gamotanili: kasators ufleba ara aqvs gaasaCivros gadawyvetilebis is nawili, romelic mis sasargeblodaa gamotanili. amitom, sakasacio sasamarTlom unda
Seamowmos gadawyvetilebis mxolod is nawili, romelic
kasatoris sawinaaRmdegodaa gamotanili.
e) sakasacio sasamarTlo amowmebs gadawyvetilebis
kanonierebas, mis samarTlebriv dasabuTebas. amitom,
sakasacio saCivars safuZvlad SeiZleba daedos mxolod kanonis darRveva, rasac sxvagvarad uwodeben kasaciis mizezs (ix. ssk-is 393-e muxlis komentari).
_ sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli unda iyos: kasatori gadawyvetilebis mTlianad an nawilobriv gauqmebas, Tu gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis Secvlas da
axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas moiTxovs. es aris is,
rasac kasaciis ganacxadi ewodeba.
- xSirad sakasacio saCivarSi Camoyalibebulia Txovna, rom sakasacio sasamarTlom TviTon gamoitanos
axali gadawyvetileba an daabrunos saqme xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan.
sakasacio sasamarTlo kasatoris aseTi TxovniT araa
SeboWili. mas SeuZlia, Tu amisaTvis arsebobs Sesabamisi pirobebi, daakmayofilos kasatoris Txovna, magaliTad, gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da TviTon gamoitanos
axali gadawyvetileba, rogorc amas kasatori moiTxovda, magram SeuZlia gaauqmos gadawyvetileba da miuxedavad kasatoris Txovnisa, daabrunos saqme ukan xelax701
703
da sakasacio gasaCivrebis sxva subieqtebi (ssk-is 391e muxli), an kidev, maTi warmomadgenlebi, romlebsac
hqondaT micemuli uflebamosileba gaesaCivrebinaT
gadawyvetileba sakasacio wesiT;
b) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
aslis Cabareba mxarisaTvis, romelic mis gamocxadebas ar eswreboda;
g) dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis
aslis mxarisaTvis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gagzavnis dro.
amrigad, miTiTebuli normis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, Tu sakasacio saCivris Setanis uflebis mqone piri eswreboda saapelacio sasamarTlos mier dasabuTebuli (motivirebuli) gadawyvetilebis gamocxadebas
(rac unda dadgindes sasamarTlos sxdomis oqmis mixedviT), maSin sakasacio saCivris Setanis vada iwyeba
misi gamocxadebis momentidan, xolo im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu saapelacio sasamarTlos mier saqmeze gamocxadebulia mxolod gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili,
maSin unda gairkves, uSualod rodis Cabarda mxares
gadawyvetilebis asli (gadawyvetilebis gadacemis momenti) , rac SeiZleba dadgindes saqmeSi arsebuli, amis
Taobaze Sedgenili xelweriliT an sxva oficialuri
dokumentiT (Setyobineba safosto gzavnilebis Cabarebis Sesaxeb da sxv.). saqmeSi aucileblad unda iyos
cnoba, rom am wesiT gagzavnili gadawyvetilebis asli
Cabarda adresats.
_ sakasacio saCivris erTTviani vadis gamoTvlisas
mxedvelobaSia misaRebi samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis me-60 muxliT dadgenili wesi, kerZod, is, rom TveebiT gamosaTvleli saproceso vadis aTvla unda daiwyos im kalendaruli TariRis an movlenis dadgomis
Semdgomi dRidan, romliTac gansazRvrulia misi dasawyisi (ix. am muxlis komentari);
_ aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 61-e muxliT dadgenili wesi, romlis Tanaxmad TveebiT gamosaTvleli vada gasulad CaiTvle705
78
706
kanonis danawesis Tanaxmad (ssk-is 395-e muxli) sakasacio saCivari Setanil unda iqnes gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtan sasamarTloSi. es sasamarTlo saCivris dasaSvebobis Seumowmeblad dauyovnebliv agzavnis mas saqmesTan erTad sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
_ im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac miuxedavad kanonis danawesisa, sakasacio saCivari Setanilia uSualod sakasacio sasamarTloSi (ix. ssk-is 395-e muxlis komentari), gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gamomtani sasamarTlo sakasacio sasamarTlos moTxovnisTanave valdebulia gadaagzavnos saqme sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
707
T a v i XLIX
saqmis warmoeba sakasacio sasamarTloSi
708
79
711
zadebis Sesaxeb~ unda miuTiTos, Tu romel dRes, romel saaTze da sasamarTlos romel sxdomis darbazSi
moxdeba saqmis ganxilva.
_ Tu sakasacio sasamarTlos ar miaCnia mizanSewonilad saqmis zepiri ganxilva, maSin man Tavis ganCinebaSi `sakasacio saCivris gansaxilvelad miRebisa da momzadebis Sesaxeb~ unda miuTiTos, rom sakasacio saCivari ganxiluli iqneba zepiri ganxilvis gareSe, mxareebs ecnobebaT saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb da gaegzavnebaT misi asli (ssk-is 408-e muxlis
me-3 nawili).
_ zemoxsenebul orive SemTxvevaSi mxareebs Setyobineba unda gaegzavnoT ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis
vadaSi.
2. rac Seexeba did palataSi saqmis gadacemisa da misi ganxilvis TariRis mxareebisaTvis Setyobinebis sakiTxs, igi unda mowesrigdes am muxlis pirveli nawilis komentaris gaTvaliswinebiT. kerZod, mxareebs ecnoboT am ganCinebis miRebidan 3 dRis ganmavlobaSi.
los uwyebrivad da aqvs Tu ara mas mocemul konkretul saqmeze saerTaSoriso kompetencia. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos
teritoriul da sagnobriv gansjadobas sakasacio sasamarTlo Seamowmebs mxolod mopasuxis moTxovniT. aseTi moTxovna dasaSvebia, Tu igi saqmis saapelacio sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas iyo wamoyenebuli mopasuxis mier, an Tu arsebobs sapatio mizezi, ris gamoc aseTi moTxovna ver iqna
wamoyenebuli saapelacio sasamarTloSi.
1. sakasacio saCivris farglebSi unda vigulisxmoT
kasatoris sakasacio moTxovna (gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba mTlianad an nawilobriv). sakasacio moTxovnasTan mimarTebaSi sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Seamowmos materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis ara marto is darRvevebi, romlebzec miuTiTebs kasatori Tavis saCivarSi, aramed saerTod gadawyvetilebis kanoniereba. sakasacio sasamarTlo SeboWilia kasatoris
moTxovniT da igi ver gacdeba am moTxovnis farglebs:
es farglebi ar moicavs kasatoris Txovnas saqmis xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan dabrunebis Tu axali gadawyvetilebis gamotanas TviTon sakasacio sasamarTlos
mier (ix. 396-e muxlis e punqtis komentari). igi araa
SeboWili agreTve kasatoris mier sakasacio saCivarSi
miTiTebuli kanonis darRvevebiT da amowmebs gadawyvetilebas materialur-samarTlebrivi normebis sworad gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom, Tu sakasacio
sasamarTlo aseTi Semowmebis Sedegad miva im daskvnamde, rom kasatoris moTxovna gadawyvetilebis mTlianad Tu nawilobriv gauqmebis Sesaxeb unda dakmayofildes, magram ara sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebuli,
aramed materialur-samarTlebrivi normis (kanonis)
sxva darRvevis gamo, sakasacio sasamarTlom unda gamoitanos Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba.
715
yalibebul mosazrebebs am sasamarTlos mier gamotanili ganCinebebis usworobisa da maTi kanonis darRveviT miRebis Sesaxeb, sakasacio sasamarTlos ar gamoaqvs calke ganCineba. Tavisi mixeduleba (pozicia) am
ganCinebebis Sesaxeb sakasacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia
Camoayalibos sakasacio saCivris mimarT gamotanil Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi (ganCinebaSi).
magaliTi:
saapelacio sasamarTlom saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas safuZvlad daudo iseTi garemoebebi, romlebic ar
warmoadgenda saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis kanonier safuZvels. vinaidan ssk-is 431-e muxlis Tanaxmad, ganCineba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb ar saCivrdeba, saapelacio sasamarTlom saqme ganixila ganmeorebiT da miiRo adre gamotanili gadawyvetilebis sapirispiro Sedegi.
sakasacio sasamarTlom marTebulad daakmayofila
kasatoris moTxovna da gaauqma saapelacio sasamarTlos rogorc Semajamebeli gadawyvetileba, ise ganCinebac saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb, vinaidan kanonis darRveviT iyo miRebuli.80
3. sakasacio sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT (mxareTa Txovnis gareSe) ara marto SeuZlia, aramed valdebulia Seamowmos sasamarTlos uwyebrivi qvemdebareoba da sasamarTlos saerTaSoriso kompetencia.
_ uwyebrivi qvemdebareobis Semowmebis dros sasamarTlo xelmZRvanelobs ssk-is me-11 muxliT (ix. am
muxlis komentari), xolo saerTaSoriso kompetenciis
Semowmebis mizniT igi xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos
kanoniT `saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis Sesaxeb~ (am
kanonis me-8-20 muxlebi).81 rac Seexeba gansjadobas,
80
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717
amis Semowmeba sakasacio sasamarTlos Tavisi iniciativiT ar SeuZlia. unda arsebobdes mxolod mopasuxis
moTxovna amis Sesaxeb. amasTan erTad, mopasuxes SeuZlia aseTi moTxovna wamoayenos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gansjadobis darRvevis Sesaxeb man mimarTa saapelacio sasamarTlos an, Tu daadasturebs, rom sapatio mizeziT ver daayena es sakiTxi saapelacio sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis dros.
a) Segebebul sakasacio saCivarze ar vrceldeba kanonis moTxovna imis Sesaxeb, rom sakasacio saCivris
sagnis Rirebuleba unda aRematebodes 50000 lars. igi
SeiZleba am Tanxaze naklebi iyos. es imas niSnavs, rom
masze ar vrceldeba agreTve 391-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli dasaSvebobis pirobebi.
b) Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari organuladaa
dakavSirebuli damoukidebel (ZiriTad) sakasacio saCivarTan; Tu kasatori uars ityvis sakasacio saCivarze an sakasacio sasamarTlo ganuxilvelad datovebs mas, maSin Segebebuli sakasacio saCivaric
ganuxilvelad unda darCes.
g) Tu Segebebuli sakasacio saCivari wardgenilia
sakasacio gasaCivrebis vadaSi da misi Rirebuleba
aRemateba 50000 lars, maSin igi ganxilul unda iqnes,
Tu misi Semtani piri uars ar ambobs Tavis Segebebul
saCivarze.
Segebebuli sakasacio saCivris Semtani piri iTxovs
aramarto damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivris uaryofas,
aramed gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mis sasargeblod Secvlasac da Tu es asec moxda, es ar iqneba
sauaresod Sebrunebis akrZalvis principis darRveva.82
719
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720
magaliTi:
Sps `musfondma~ sakasacio saCivriT moiTxova saolqo sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba im safuZvliT, rom sasamarTlom daarRvia samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 106-e muxlis `b~ qvepunqtis moTxovna,
sxvagvarad Seafasa garemoebani, romlebic dadgenili
iyo samoqalaqo saqmeze kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT, romlis ganxilvaSic igive mxareebi monawileobdnen.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi mxarem miuTiTa da, Sesabamisad, waradgina amave sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba, sadac igive mxareebi monawileobdnen da davis saganic dakavSirebuli iyo winamdebare davasTan. aseT SemTxvevaSi ki samoqalaqo saqmeze
miRebul gadawyvetilebas (dadgenil faqtebs) preiudiciuli mniSvneloba eniWeba am (axal) davaSi, razedac
saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavis gadawyvetilebaSi saerTod ar miuTiTa da ar ganixila isini saqmeze warmodgenil mtkicebulebebTan erTad. mocemul SemTxvevaSi kasators gaaCnda dasabuTebuli sakasacio pretenzia gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT da igi
sakasacio sasamarTlom safuZvlianad miiCnia.84
_ damatebiT da dasabuTebul sakasacio pretenziad aseve miiCneva sasamarTlos mier samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 104-e muxlis pirveli nawilis darRveva, rodesac sasamarTlom mxaris SuamdgomlobiT ar gamoiZaxa da ar dakiTxa mowme, aseve, ar miiRo, ar gamoiTxova an saqmidan amoiRo iseTi mtkicebulebebi, romlebsac gansaxilveli saqmis sworad gadawyvetisaTvis
arsebiTi mniSvneloba hqonda. kasatori Tu aseT darRvevaze miuTiTebs, man es mtkicebuleba sakasacio saCivars unda daurTos, raTa sakasacio sasamarTlom Seamowmos sakasacio pretenziis dasabuTebuloba.
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magaliTi:
saapelacio sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila apelantis Suamdgomloba samemkvidreo saqmis gamoTxovis Sesaxeb. sakasacio sasamarTlom Tavis ganCinebaSi miuTiTa: saapelacio palatam ise miiCnia saqmisaTvis warmodgenili yvela saWiro dokumentacia srulyofilad, rom
ar gaiTvaliswina samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 135e muxlis moTxovnebi. aseve, ar Seasrula saproceso kodeqsis 137-e muxlis moTxovnebi da reagireba ar moaxdina mxaris gancxadebaze anderZis siyalbis Sesaxeb.
sasamarTlom mxolod daurTo Suamdgomloba saqmes da
ar ganixila. sakasacio sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom warmodgenili sakasacio pretenzia iyo safuZvliani, gaauqma saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da saqme daabruna xelaxali ganxilvisaTvis.85
85
724
saqmis ganxilvis dawyebis aseT wess aqvs didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba im TvalsazrisiT, rom kasators da
mis mowinaaRmdege mxares eZlevaT SesaZlebloba gaarkvion, Tu ramdenad sworad gaigo momxsenebelma mosamarTlem sakasacio saCivris moTxovna, safuZvlebi,
rasac es moTxovna emyareba da saerTod sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi, agreTve mowinaaRmdege mxaris Sesagebeli da misi Sinaarsi. Tu raime ar iyo sworad gagebuli
da gadmocemuli, mxareebs unda mieceT saSualeba daazuston TavianTi sakasacio saCivrisa da Sesageblis
namdvili arsi da Sinaarsi.
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili gansazRvravs im sakiTxebis
wres, romlebsac Tanmimdevrulad unda Seexos mosamarTle, kerZod, sakasacio sasamarTlos momxsenebelma mosamarTlem unda gadmosces:
a) `saqmis viTareba~, anu vin aRZra sarCeli da vis
winaaRmdeg, rogori gadawyvetileba iqna gamotanili
pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier da romelma mxarem gaasaCivra igi saapelacio sasamarTloSi;
b) rogori gadawyvetileba miiRo saapelacio sasamarTlom da romel faqtobriv da samarTlebriv safuZvlebs emyareba misi gadawyvetileba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saapelacio sasamarTlos mier damtkicebulad cnobili faqtobrivi garemoebebi savaldebuloa sakasacio sasamarTlosaTvis (ssk-is 407-e muxli),
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens imis zustad da
srulad gadmocema, Tu romeli faqtebi cno saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT dadgenilad da romeli kanonis (materialur-samarTlebrivi normis) safuZvelze Seafasa iuridiulad es garemoebebi. es aris sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTlis moxsenebis erT-erTi yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo da
yvelaze mniSvnelovani elementi;
g) ra aris sakasacio saCivris Sinaarsi, gadawyvetilebis romel nawils asaCivrebs kasatori, rogoria misi moTxovna, romeli kanonia misi azriT darRveuli da
konkretulad raSi gamoixateba es darRveva (ssk-is 393725
e da 394-e muxlebi). aqve sakasacio sasamarTlos mosamarTle unda Seexos sakasacio saCivris winaaRmdeg, mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier wamoyenebul werilobiTi Sesageblis Sinaarss.
_ momxsenebeli mosamarTlis gamosvlis Semdeg sityva eZlevaT mxareebs, kerZod, kasators da mis warmomadgenels, xolo Semdeg _ mowinaaRmdege mxaresa da
mis warmomadgenels. maT SeuZliaT daakonkreton da
daazuston TavianTi moTxovnebisa da Sesageblis Sinaarsi, Tu momxsenebelma mosamarTlem raime Secdoma
an uzustoba dauSva, magram maT ar unda gaimeoron is,
rac ukve Tqva momxsenebelma mosamarTlem.
3. am muxlis me-3 nawilis danawesi ganpirobebulia
sakasacio sasamarTlos funqciiTa da uflebamosilebiT Seamowmos gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis mxolod iuridiuli mxare _ xom araa gadawyvetileba gamotanili kanonis darRveviT.
_ zogjer eWvs ar iwvevs, rom gadawyvetileba marTlac kanonis darRveviTaa gamotanili, xolo zogjer
aseve araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs, rom gadawyvetileba miRebulia kanonis moTxovnaTa zusti SesabamisobiT. SeiZleba aseT viTarebaSi marTlac ar iyos saWiro mxareTa gamoZaxeba da maTi monawileobiT saqmis zepiri ganxilva. magram, rodesac gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis iuridiuli mxaris, anu samarTlebrivi dasabuTebulobis Semowmeba dakavSirebulia saqmis masalebis,
am saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis analizTan, an kasatoris mier warmodgenili damatebiTi werilobiTi masalebi miuTiTeben iseT saproceso darRvevebze, romlebsac SeeZloT gavlena moexdinaT gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis, rogorc faqtobriv, ise mis iuridiul
dasabuTebulobaze da sxva, agreTve, rodesac sakasacio sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom am saqmeze gamotanili
gadawyvetileba unda gauqmdes da gamotanil iqnes axali gadawyvetileba misi xelaxla gansaxilvelad ukan
dabrunebis gareSe, aseT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba saWiro
726
727
T a v i L
sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba
muxli 409. gadawyvetilebis Secvlis
farglebi
sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Secvalos saapelacio sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba mxolod im farglebSi, rasac mxareebi moiTxoven.
_ sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia Seamowmos
gadawyvetileba mxolod sakasacio saCivris farglebSi, e. i. mxolod im nawilSi, romelSic gasaCivrebulia.
zustad aseve, sakasacio sasamarTlo uflebamosilia
Secvalos gadawyvetileba mxolod im farglebSi, rasac kasatori moiTxovs.
sauaresod Sebruneba dauSvebelia (ix. ssk-is 384-e
muxlis komentari). es imas niSnavs, rom sakasacio sasamarTlom an unda daakmayofilos saCivari masSi Camoyalibebuli moTxovnis farglebSi, an uari unda uTxras
kasators mis dakmayofilebaze. sakasacio sasamarTlom an unda gaauqmos (Secvalos) gadawyvetileba ise,
rogorc amas kasatori moiTxovs, an uari unda Tqvas
aseT gauqmebaze (Secvlaze). gadawyvetilebis samarTlebrivi Semowmebisas SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom igi
araswori da kanonSeusabamoa im nawilSic, romelic kasatoris sasargeblodaa gamotanili. miuxedavad amisa, sakasacio sasamarTlo ver gaauqmebs da ver Secvlis gadawyvetilebas am nawilSi, radgan misi gauqmeba
ar uTxovia Segebebuli an damoukidebeli sakasacio saCivriT mowinaaRmdege, anu iuridiulad dainteresebul mxares.
728
sis saolqo sasamarTlos saapelacio palatis ganCineba, radgan sakasacio saCivarSi miTiTebul kanondarRvevas adgili ar hqonia da saapelacio palatam kanonis
marTebuli gamoyenebiTa da ganmartebiT, saqmis faqtobriv garemoebaTa swori SefasebiT gamoitana kanonieri ganCineba.87
87
730
marTlos gadawyvetileba da miiRo axali gadawyvetileba sarCelze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. ganCinebaSi miTiTebulia: palata Tvlis, rom mocemul SemTxvevaSi saqmeze faqtobrivi garemoebebi dadgenilia saproceso
normebis darRvevis gareSe da palata uflebamosilia,
miiRos axali gadawyvetileba. radgan mosarCele iTxovs mravalbinian saxlSi binis mesakuTreTa saerTo
sargeblobaSi arsebuli farTis gayofas, rasac saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs, amitom mis sarCels uari unda eTqvas.88
731
pelacio sasamarTlom gamoiyena samarTlis norma, Tumca ar iyo dadgenili yvela faqtobrivi garemoeba, rac
aucilebelia am normis SefardebisaTvis. sxva sityvebiT samarTlebrivi Sefasebis obieqti aris ara samarTlebrivi normis Sinaarsis ganmsazRvreli faqtebi,
aramed sasamarTlos mier dadgenilad cnobili
faqtebi. sakasacio sasamarTlom unda Seamowmos saapelacio sasamarTlos mier gasaCivrebul gadawyvetilebaSi Camoyalibebuli samarTlebrivi Sefasebis siswore, misi Sesabamisoba samarTlis normis Semadgenlobis abstraqtul niSnebTan, normis azrsa da
SinaarsTan.
samarTlebrivi Sefaseba, romelic safuZvlad
daudo sakasacio sasamarTlom gasaCivrebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqmebas, savaldebuloa saqmis xelaxla ganmxilvel sasamarTlosaTvis.
734
kari meaTe
kerZo saCivari
T a v i LI
kerZo saGivris dasaSveboba da ganxilvis wesi
muxli 414. kerZo saCivris Setana
1. kerZo saCivris Setana SeiZleba sasamarTlos mier gamotanil ganCinebebze, mxolod am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.
2. kerZo saCivris Setana SeuZliaT mxareebs, romelTa mimarTac gamotanilia ganCineba, agreTve im pirebsac, romlebsac uSualod exebaT es ganCineba.
1. samoqalaqo saqmis ganxilvis procesSi, jer kidev
gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, saWiro xdeba sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis ganCinebebis gamotana. zogierTi aseTi ganCineba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebisagan damoukideblad da misgan gancalkevebiT. swored amitom uwodeben aseT saCivars
kerZo saCivars.
kerZo saCivari ganCinebaze dasaSvebia, Tu amas pirdapir iTvaliswinebs kanoni.
magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom sasamarTlos sxva ganCinebebze Sedaveba dauSvebelia. Tu ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setanas ar iTvaliswinebs kanoni, aseT ganCinebaze sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes sakasacio (saapelacio) saCivarSi.
2. kerZo saCivris Setana ganCinebaze, roca es kanoniTaa dasaSvebi, SeuZlia im mxares, romlis winaaRmdegac ganCinebaa gamotanili.
735
amasTan erTad, garda mxareebisa, kerZo saCivari SeiZleba Seitanos im pirmac, romelsac es ganCineba uSualod exeba. magaliTad, pirma iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos winaSe, rom dauSvas igi mesame pirad damoukidebeli moTxovnis gareSe. sasamarTlom uari uTxra mas
Tavisi ganCinebiT. am pirs SeuZlia gaasaCivros ganCineba, Tumca igi araa mxare, magram mas uSualod exeba
es ganCineba. rodesac ganCineba miRebulia mxaris Suamdgomlobis Taobaze, es mxare unda CaiTvalos im pirad, romlis mimarTac gamotanilia ganCineba. Tu sasamarTlos mier uari eTqva piris Suamdgomlobas mesame
pirad damoukidebeli sasarCelo moTxovnis gareSe
saqmeSi Cabmis Sesaxeb, am SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba arsebobdes sxva piri, romelsac Seexeba es ganCineba. sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, exeba Tu ara gasaCivrebuli ganCineba uSualod im pirs, romelic araa am saqmeSi mxare,
TiToeul konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda gadawydes sasamarTlos mixedulebiT.
magaliTad, erT-erT saqmeze sakasacio palatam ucvlelad datova saapelacio sasamarTlos ganCineba,
radgan, pirebi, romlebmac Semoitanes kerZo saCivari,
ar warmoadgenen arc mxareebs da arc iseT pirebs, romlebsac uSualod exebaT gasaCivrebuli ganCineba.89
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90
737
unda Sesruldes, raime moqmedebis Sesruleba unda daiwyos. magaliTad, gadawyvetilebis dauyovnebliv aRsrulebis Sesaxeb ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana
ver SeaCerebs am gadawyvetilebis aRsrulebas ( 270-e
muxli).
2. kerZo saCivriT gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis SeCereba SeuZlia am ganCinebis gamomtan sasamarTlos da zemdgom
sasamarTlos, Tu kerZo saCivari gadaegzavna mas.
_ gasaCivrebuli ganCinebiT gaTvaliswinebuli saproceso moqmedebis SeCerebis Sesaxeb gamotanil unda
iqnes ganCineba, romelSic miTiTebuli unda iyos imis
Sesaxeb, rom moqmedebis Sesruleba SeCerdeba kerZo
saCivris Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebamde.
am ganCinebaze kerZo saCivris Setana ar SeiZleba.
739
742
kari meTerTmete
saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba
T a v i LII
gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb
da misi ganxilvis wesi
muxli 421. saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebis saxeebi
1. kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT an ganCinebiT damTavrebuli saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba dasaSvebia mxolod maSin,
rodesac arsebobs gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis (422-e muxli) an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebis Sesaxeb (423-e muxli) gancxadebis wanamZRvrebi.
2. Tu sasamarTloSi Semosulia gancxadebebi rogorc erTi da imave, aseve orive
mxaris mier erTdroulad gadawyvetilebis
baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis
Sesaxeb, sasamarTlom unda SeaCeros axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis ganxilva, vidre ar
iqneba ganxiluli gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb.
1. am muxlis pirveli nawili iTvaliswinebs saqmis
warmoebis ganaxlebis or saxes:
a) gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad cnobas da
b) axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebas.
_ ganaxleba dasaSvebia mxolod iseTi saqmeebisa, ro743
744
gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi;
b) erT-erTi mxare an misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli (Tu mas aseTi warmomadgeneli
sWirdeba) ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze;
g) piri, romlis uflebebsa da kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebul interesebs uSualod exeba
miRebuli dgadawyvetileba, ar iyo mowveuli saqmis ganxilvaze.
2. gancxadeba aRniSnuli safuZvlebiT gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb dauSvebelia, Tu mxares SeeZlo am safuZvlebis wamoyeneba saqmis ganxilvisas, Sesabamisad pirveli instanciis, saapelacio Tu sakasacio instanciis sasamarTloSi.
1. gancxadeba gadawyvetilebis (ganCinebis) baTilad
cnobis Sesaxeb SeiZleba Seitanon mxareebma, mesame pirebma damoukidebeli moTxovniT, agreTve im pirma, romelic, marTalia ar figurirebda saqmeSi, rogorc mxare an mesame piri, magram kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia am pirze da gansazRvrulia misi ufleba-movaleobebi erT-erTi mxaris mimarT, ris Sesaxebac man gaigo am gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi
Sesvlis Semdeg, kerZod, misi aRsrulebis stadiaze.94
_ es muxli iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebis baTilobis sam safuZvels:
a) mosamarTles ufleba ar hqonda monawileoba
mieRo gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba ar aqvs im mosamarTles: romelic monawileobda am saqmis ganxilvaSi
(moiazreba sxvadasxva instanciis sasamarTloebi); romelsac ganucxades acileba da es acileba miiRo sasamarTlom; romelic droebiT gadayenebulia (Camocile94
746
747
safuZvlad daedos gadawyvetilebis gauqmebasa da saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas, amomwuravia da maTi wris arc
gafarToeba da arc Sekveca sasamarTlos ar SeuZlia.
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac
gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, an axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis safuZveli xdeba
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb.
magaliTi:
sakasacio sasamarTlom, aseTi praqtika, rodesac gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, an axlad aRmoCenil
garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebis safuZveli xdeba
sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, dauSveblad miiCnia da Tavis erT-erT ganCinebaSi ganmarta: samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis 422-e da 423-e muxlebis mixedviT, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba iuridiuli mniSvnelobis mqone faqtis dadgenis Sesaxeb, ver daedeba safuZvlad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas an axlad
aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas, radgan aseTi gadawyvetileba miRebulia udavo
warmoebis wesiT, sadac ar arian urTierTdapirispirebuli mxareebi, xolo samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsis
106-e muxlis Tanaxmad, damtkicebas ar saWiroeben faqtebi, romlebic dadgenilia erT samoqalaqo saqmeze
sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebiT, Tu sxva samoqalaqo saqmeebis ganxilvisas igive
mxareebi monawileoben.96
2. am muxlis me-2 nawili Seicavs im mtkicebulebaTa CamonaTvals, romelTa meSveobiT dasaSvebia im zogierT garemoebaTa damtkiceba, romlebic SeiZleba
safuZvlad daedos saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebas. es
mtkicebulebebia: kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sisxlis sa-
96
750
751
752
2. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom zemdgomma sasamarTlom nawilobriv gaauqma qvemdgomi instanciis sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba da gauqmebuli nawilis mimarT
TviTon miiRo axali gadawyvetileba. aseT SemTxvevaSi
gancxadeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb Setanil unda iqnes zemdgom sasamarTloSi, romelic TviTon ganixilavs sakiTxs mTlianad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis, Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo
misi gauqmebis Sesaxeb.
_ ar aris gamoricxuli, rom ganmcxadebelma moiTxovos ara mTlianad, aramed gadawyvetilebis mxolod
nawilobriv gauqmeba, agreTve gadawyvetilebis im nawilis gauqmeba da warmoebis ganaxleba, romelic gamotanilia zemdgomi an qvemdgomi sasamarTlos mier. aseT
SemTxvevaSi gancxadeba Setanil unda iqnes im sasamarTloSi, romlis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis nawilis gauqmebas da am nawilSi saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebasac moiTxoven. gancxadebis ganxilva warmoebs sskis 430-e muxliT dadgenili wesiT (ix. am muxlis komentari).
753
dan aris is maqsimaluri vada, romlis Semdeg gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobis Tu axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZvlebis arsebobis miuxedavad, aRar SeiZleba saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi Setanil iqna sarCeli ssk-is 426-e muxlis meoTxe nawilis
gauqmebis Sesaxeb, imis gamo, rom igi ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis pirvel punqts.
saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos pirvelma
kolegiam Tavisi 2003 wlis 30 aprilis gadawyvetilebiT ar daakmayofila sarCeli da CaTvala, rom ssk-is
426-e muxlis meoTxe nawili, romlis Tanaxmad gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobisa da axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setana dauSvebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg, ar ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis
pirvel punqts.
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebulia, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis xangrZlivad gadasinjvis daSveba safrTxes Seuqmnida im
mesame pirTa interesebs, romlebmac ufleba SeiZines
imaTgan, romelTac sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze ekuTvnoda igi. saqmis ganaxleba axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo warmoadgens gamonaklis SemTxvevas. am gamonaklisis daSvebiT safrTxe ar unda Seeqmnas im zogad wess, rom kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetileba aris saboloo, rom igi sabolood da Seuqcevadad adgens mxareTa Soris urTierTobebs. vinaidan uflebis Sesaxeb dava yovelTvis qmnis am uflebis ganusazRvrelobas, sasamarTlo valdebulia wertili dausvas aseT mdgomareobas da gadawyvitos igi.
is, rac iwvevda konfliqts mxareebs Soris, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Semdeg iTvleba dadgenilad da
udavod. dauSvebelia kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis mudmivad eWvqveS dayeneba, wi756
naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi safuZveli gamoecleboda sasamarTlosadmi sandoobis varauds. aravin ar aris dazRveuli imisagan, rom axlad aRmoCenili garemoeba, romelic eWvqveS daayenebs kanonier ZalaSi Sesul gadawyvetilebas, kvlav ar gaxdeba saeWvo.99
99
757
1. garda yvela im monacemisa, romlebsac unda Seicavdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTuli yvela sxva gancxadeba, saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba unda Seicavdes:
a) kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gadawyvetilebis aramarto zust dasaxelebas, aramed agreTve Tan unda daerTos am gadawyvetilebis asli;
b) imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria ganmcxadeblis moTxovna, im safuZvelze miTiTebas, romelsac ssk-is 422423-e muxlebis Tanaxmad ukavSirdeba saqmis warmoebis ganaxleba (ix. am muxlebis komentari);
g) ssk-is 426-e muxli gansazRvravs saqmis warmoebis
ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis Setanis vadas da misi
aTvlis wess. vadis aTvla iwyeba im dRidan, rodesac
mxarisaTvis cnobili gaxda saqmis ganaxlebis safuZvlis arseboba. gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos imis
Sesaxeb, Tu rodidan gaxda cnobili ganmcxadeblisaTvis am safuZvlis Sesaxeb da ra mtkicebulebebiT SeuZlia mxares am garemoebis dadastureba.
magaliTad, ganmcxadebeli, romelic moiTxovs gadawyvetilebis baTilad cnobas, warudgens sasamarTlos
safosto gzavnils, romliTac dasturdeba gadawyvetilebis Cabarebis dRe (ssk-is 426-e muxlis me-3 nawili).
mxare, romelic moiTxovs axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo saqmis ganaxlebas, warudgens sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas an ganCinebas im dokumentis siyalbis Sesaxeb, romelsac emyareba gadawyvetileba da a.S.;
d) saqmis ganaxlebis Sesaxeb gancxadeba im sasamarTlos gansjadia, romlis mierac gamotanilia gadawyvetileba da romlis baTilad cnobas an axlad aRmoCenil garemoebaTa gamo gauqmebasac moiTxoven (ssk-is
424-e muxli). aqedan gamomdinare, am kategoriis saqmeTa gansjadoba TviTon unda Seamowmos im sasamarTlom,
romelsac mxarem mimarTa gancxadebiT;
e) miuxedavad saqmis warmoebis ganaxlebis safuZvlebis arsebobisa, mxares ufleba aqvs moiTxovos gadawyvetilebis ara mTlianad, aramed nawilobriv gauqmeba. ami758
tom, gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu gadawyvetilebis ra zomiT da ra nawilSi gauqmebas moiTxovs igi.
2. Tu gancxadeba ar pasuxobs am moTxovnebs, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs `ganCineba gancxadebis xarvezis Sevsebis Sesaxeb~. am ganCinebiT sasamarTlo uniSnavs ganmcxadebels vadas xarvezis SevsebisaTvis da afrTxilebs, rom Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar iqneba Sevsebuli,
gancxadeba ganuxilveli darCeba dauSveblobis gamo
(ssk-is 429-e muxli).100
100
759
am ganCinebiT, romlis gasaCivrebac ar SeiZleba, sasamarTlo niSnavs saqmis ganxilvis dRes (sasamarTlo
sxdomas), ris Sesaxebac atyobinebs mxareebs kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT.
764
samoqalaqo saproceso kanonmdeblobis amoqmedebas droSi awesrigebs agreTve am kodeqsis pirveli muxlis me-2 nawili (ix. am muxlis komentari).
pirveli instanciis wesiT ganxilul samoqalaqo saqmeebze 1999 wlis 15 maisis Semdeg gamotanili gadawyvetilebebi kanoniT
dadgenil vadaSi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes sakasacio sasamarTloSi.
6. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palata am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebSi miTiTebul saqmeebs ganixilavs 408-e
muxliT dadgenili wesiT, kolegiurad _ sami mosamarTlis monawileobiT. im saqmeebze Setanili saCivrebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT rTulia, aseve ganxilulia uzenaesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo palatis, samoqalaqo saqmeTa kolegiisa da prezidiumis mier, ganixileba palatis im wevrTa sruli SemadgenlobiT, romlebsac monawileoba ar miuRiaT saqmis ganxilvaSi.
es wesi ar vrceldeba uzenaesi sasamarTlos sazedamxedvelo palataSi saqmeebis ganxilvaSi monawileTa mimarT.
7. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos samoqalaqo, samewarmeo da gakotrebis saqmeTa palatas zedamxedvelobis wesiT saqmeTa ganxilvisas SeuZlia saqme ar gadasces
xelaxla gansaxilvelad da miiRos gadawyvetileba 411-e muxlis Sesabamisad. saproceso samarTlis normebis darRveva mxolod maSin SeiZleba gaxdes gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli, Tu am darRvevis
Sedegad saqmeze araswori gadawyvetileba
iqna gamotanili.
767
768
muxli 441.
sacxovrebeli sadgomiT sargeblobisas
warmoSobili urTierTobebis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebamde sasamarTloebma
SeaCeron mesakuTresa da mosargebles Soris
sacxovrebel sadgomTan dakavSirebuli
davebis ganxilva, agreTve SeCerdes
saaRsrulebo moqmedebebi da sacxovrebel
sadgomze mesakuTresa da mosargebles SeunarCundeT Sesabamisi ufleba-movaleobani.
769
770
koreqtori i. navrozaSvili
fasi saxelSekrulebo
gamomcemloba `samarTali~,
Tbilisi, vaJa-fSavelas gamz. 45