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After a given beam loading has been broken down into the
basic loadings of Fig. 5.18, the functions V(x) and M(x) representing
the shear and bending moment at any point of the beam can be
obtained by adding the corresponding functions associated with each
of the basic loadings and reactions. Since all the distributed loadings
shown in Fig. 5.18 are open-ended to the right, a distributed loading

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5.5 Using Singularity Functions to Determine

Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam

Shear

Bending Moment

M
a

M0

M0
M (x)  M0  x  a 0

(a)
P

a
x

M
a

P
V (x)  P  x  a 0

(b)
w

w0

w (x)  w0  x  a 0

(c)

M
a

V (x)  w0  x  a 1

M (x)   12 w0  x  a  2

Slope  k

a
x

w (x)  k  x  a 1

(d)

M (x)  P  x  a 1

V
x

M
a

V (x)   2k  x  a  2

M (x)  2 k? 3  x  a  3

w
V

a
x

(e)

w (x)  k  x  a  n

k
n1
V (x)   n 
1 x  a 

M (x)  (n  1)k(n  2)  x  a  n  2

Fig. 5.18 Basic loadings and corresponding shears and bending moments expressed in terms of singularity functions.

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