Shell-and-tube heat exchanger

Double tube counter flow

Double-pipe (shell-and-tube)

Variables in shell and tube heat exchangers

a single shell, two passes
N tubes
Hot liquid in shell, temperature in Thi
cold liquid in tubes mass flow kg/s, temperature cold in Tci
Tube has, diameter D, outer surface convection ho
Total heat transfer q
Assumptions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Negligible heat loss to surroundings

Kinetic and potential energy unchanged
Fully developed flow and thermal state
Negligible thermal resistance of tube material
No fouling effects
Constant fluid properties

For the cold liquid, applying energy balance,

q = ccp,c(Tc,o Tc,i)
the cold liquid properties ( we require cp,c ) are taken at Tfc =
if Tc,o is not known, use Th,o as a guide, Tc,o must be lower than Th,o
For the heat transfer from hot liquid to cold fluid, applying
=

Note:

The overall heat transfer coefficient, (ignoring conduction resistance)

=

For the internal flow,

= ? example = 50,000
Turbulent?

= .

Use
Get
Calculate

=
=

= ( )

= ( )
From

and

SOLUTION

EXAMPLE 6

See solution in lecture slide.

Radiation

Example 1

Solution 1

Example 2

Solution 2

Example 3

Solution 3

Convection
Forced Convection over flat plate

Nu

Overall Nu

Local Nu

Nu = 2Nu
MUST KNOW

= 2

Knowing Tf, refer to properties table to get or , cp, k, and Pr. Interpolation may be
necessary.

Example 1

Solution 1

Example 2

Solution 2

Example 3

Solution 3

CONDUCTION