Master Research Manual April 15 Milele

NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR POPULATION AND
DEVELOPMENT
2015 NATIONAL ADOLESCENT AND YOUTH SURVEY

(NAYS)
RESEARCH MANUAL
April 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... iv
SURVEY PURPOSE..................................................................................................................... v
METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................................... vi
Survey tools................................................................................................................................. i
SAMPLE................................................................................................................................... iv
SURVEY ORGANIZATION........................................................................................................... v
TEAM ROLES............................................................................................................................ v
REGULATIONS........................................................................................................................ vii
CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEWS............................................................................................... vii
CONTACTING THE RESPONDENTS..............................................................................................x
ANALYSIS AND REPORT-WRITING.............................................................................................xi
Timeline................................................................................................................................... xii
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 1: AGES 10-14 YEARS.........................................................13
MODULE 1: HEALTH................................................................................................................ 16
MODULE 2: EDUCATION.......................................................................................................... 18
MODULE 3: ECONOMIC........................................................................................................... 20
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 2: AGES 15-19 YEARS.........................................................21
MODULE 1: HEALTH................................................................................................................ 24
MODULE 3: ECONOMIC........................................................................................................... 29
MODULE 4: GOVERNANCE....................................................................................................... 30
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 3:
AGES 20-24 YEARS........................................................33
MODULE 1: HEALTH................................................................................................................ 35
MODULE 3: ECONOMIC........................................................................................................... 40
AGES 25-34 YEARS........................................................45
MODULE 1: HEALTH................................................................................................................ 47
ii
MODULE 3: ECONOMIC........................................................................................................... 52
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 5: AGES 35-60 YEARS...........................................................57
MODULE 1: HEALTH................................................................................................................ 59
MODULE 3: ECONOMIC........................................................................................................... 64
KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW (KII) GUIDE: MODULE 1 HEALTH..................................................69
KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW (KII) GUIDE: MODULE 2 EDUCATION............................................73
KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW (KII) GUIDE: MODULE 3 ECONOMY...............................................78
KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW (KII) GUIDE: MODULE 4 GOVERNANCE.........................................82
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE: MODULE 1 HEALTH.............................................................86
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE 1: Health Facility in-charge........................................................87
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE 2: Manager In-charge Youth Organization.......................................90
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE: MODULE 2 EDUCATION.......................................................93
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE: MODULE 3 ECONOMIC.........................................................98
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW GUIDE 1: Enterprise Development Fund Representative....................................100
INDEPTH INTERVIEW GUIDE 2: Leading Employer.......................................................................102
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW GUIDE 3: Vocational Training Institutions.....................................................103
OBSERVATION GUIDE AND CHECK LIST................................................................................105
HEALTH MODULE - OBSERVATION GUIDE FOR YOUTH FRIENDLY SERVICES..........................106
EDUCATION MODULE - OBSERVATION GUIDE.......................................................................108
CHECK LIST FOR THE YOUTH SERVING ORGANIZATIONS.....................................................110
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INTRODUCTION
Kenya is experiencing a youth bulge; an increasing population of youth which presents an
important resource and opportunity for economic development. Young people aged 10-24 years
make up an estimated 36 percent of the population in Kenya. This youthful population is a
demographic asset and investing in their education, health, skill development and employment
prospects will accelerate a demographic dividend.
A demographic dividend is an accelerated economic growth spurred by a change in the age
structure of the population. If mortality and fertility levels continue to decline, the current child
dependency burden will reduce. The result is an increase in the working age population which, if
properly harnessed, can translate into high economic growth for a country. However, this
transformation requires that appropriate policies, strategies, programs and projects be put in
place before a dividend can be realized. In the past decade, many developing countries, including
Kenya, have shown interest in the demographic dividend concept with a view of accelerating
economic development and improving the well-being of their citizens.
In Kenya, there is growing concern among policy makers on the increasing population of young
persons and its significance to national development. This population segment presents both
challenges and opportunities. A challenge because the country can experience a backlash from
the growing numbers of youth; the bulging youth population is likely to exert pressure on the
economy and environment, increase unemployment, undermine sustained development, security,
governance, and precipitate corruption. On the other hand this large population of young persons
can become a powerful force for economic development and positive change if they are healthy,
educated and skilled, and availed with suitable employment opportunities.
Article 55 of the Constitution of Kenya (2010) recognizes the importance of investing in the
youth. Unleashing the potential and power of the youth is critical for Kenyas development.
Kenyas youthful population is an important asset and therefore investing in the health,
education, skills, and economic opportunities for young persons will ensure a productive and
healthy labor force which will in turn lead to the realization of the demographic dividend.
In 2014, the National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) and Futures Group, with
support from USAID, developed a demographic dividend model for Kenya from the generic
DemDiv model. The purpose of the model was to demonstrate Kenyas potential to achieve a
demographic dividend. Among other things, the model showed that if Kenya reduces her fertility
to an average of 2 children per woman and at the same time make appropriate investments in
education, health and the economic sectors, then the following will be achieved come the year
2050;
73 percent of the population will be in the working ages and the dependency ratio will
reduce substantially
The lives of 5 million children and 350,000 mothers will be saved largely due to the
births averted as a result of increased family planning methods uptake
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Educational attainment for all children will increase to an average of 16 years
90 percent of the working age population will be employed
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita will increase by more than 12 times
To better understand how the youth bulge in Kenya can be harnessed to accelerate the
achievement of a demographic dividend, the National Council for Population and Development
(NCPD) in collaboration with Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Education, Science and
Technology (MOEST), Ministry of Labour and Social Security and Services (MOLSSS) and
Ministry of Devolution and Planning proposes to conduct a National Survey on Adolescents and
Youths in Kenya. This survey is aimed at strengthening evidence on the potential of achieving a
demographic dividend at the County level and identifying County specific opportunities for
investing in health, education and economic environment that is necessary to accelerate the
realization of a demographic dividend.
The UN defines adolescents as individuals aged 10-19 years and youth as persons aged 15-24
years. Article 260 of Kenyas Constitution and the National Youth Council Act of 2009 defines
youth as all individuals from 18 to 34 years of age. Due to these varying categorizations of
youth, this survey will go by UN definition of young people as persons aged 10-24 years in order
to accommodate both categorizations of adolescents and youth. However, where necessary the
data for youth aged 18-34 years will also be presented.
SURVEY PURPOSE
The purpose of the 2015 National Adolescents and Youth Survey is to provide information that will
enhance Kenyas efforts to harness the demographic dividend. The survey will answer the following
key questions;
What potential for a demographic dividend exits in each of the 47 counties?
What specific investment opportunities that can accelerate achievement of the

demographic dividend are available in each of the 47 counties?
With regard to the above, the general and specific objectives of the survey are;
General Objective: Provide evidence of a potential for demographic dividend and identify opportunities
for investment in key sectors (health, education and training, and economic).
Specific Objectives:
Generate a profile of young persons and adolescents in each county. This includes the population
size and age distribution, and socio-demographic characteristics.
Identify health, Education, Economic and Governance issues that affect young persons in each
county
Identify investment opportunities in the key sectors in each county

v
Provide policy and programme recommendations from the survey findings
METHODOLOGY
The survey will use the secondary data sources of the 2009 Kenya Population and Housing
Census and the recent 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) to generate a
profile of the young persons in Kenya aged 10-24 years showing a synopsis of the youth
population; size and age distribution by county and the socio-demographic characteristics of the
youth population by county. An inventory of youth-serving organizations in the 47 counties will
also be carried out. These will include both public and private youth organizations.
Analysis of secondary data including Kenya Demographic and Health Survey and Kenya
Population and Housing Census will be conducted to establish the youth situation in Kenya in
terms of its population and socio-demographic characteristics. A rapid assessment or audit will
be carried out in a number of sampled youth-serving organizations (both public and private) to
ascertain the extent and type of support provided to youth.
The study will employ qualitative methods of data collection to establish opportunities available
for socio-economic investment necessary for initiating a demographic dividend. This research
approach was selected because it is useful in exploring a problem to which little is known and it
is very helpful in understanding the significance of experience or sequence of events through a
range of views and opinions. This will allow triangulation of data collection methods and sources
in order to provide a more complete picture of the relevant community context.
A structured questionnaire will be designed to gather information on youth-serving organizations
and a qualitative guide will be developed to elicit more information on the views and experiences
of the subjects as articulated from their own reality on the various dimensions of the enquiry.
The survey methodology includes:
i.
Analysis of secondary data; 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) and
2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census (KPHC)
ii.
Rapid capacity assessment and check list of youth-serving organizations
iii.
Focus group discussions with young persons
iv.
Key informant interviews with community/opinion leaders, policy makers and decision
makers
v.
In-depth interviews with service providers in Health, Education, Economic and

Governance sectors
vi.
Case studies with individuals/organizations with exceptional experiences
An intensive desk review of available material that will provide the basis for the survey and for
the field work will be carried out. A participatory, consultative and inclusive approach will be
employed to ensure the widest possible blend of discussions, ideas and suggestions.
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Table 1: Application of Data Collection Tools per County

Participants
Tools
Focus Group
Discussions (FGD)
Health
Key Informant Interviews (KIIs)
(1)
1. County Director of Health OR
2. County Executive Committee
Member (CEC) - Health
Education
(2)
1. County Director of Education
(CDE)
Member (CEC) -Education
Economics
(3)
Member (CEC) - Finance and
Economic Planning
2. County Director of Youth
Development
3. To be selected (CEC) depending
on the main economic activity of
the county
Governance
In depth Interviews (IDIs)
(2)
Checklist
Case
Studies
(1)
1. Health Facility In-charge

2. Manager In-charge of Youth
Serving Organization in Health
(4)
(1)
1. Primary School with Pre-primary

School heads (1 public School)
2. Secondary School Principals (1
public)
3. Tertiary Institutions University
dean of student (1)
4. TVET (1) or College (1)
(3)
(1)
1. Enterprise Development Fund

Representative (UWEZO, YEDF,
WEF etc)
2. A leading employer in the County
3. Vocational Training Institutions
(2)
1. County Commissioner
Member (CEC) Public
Administration
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All sectors - Young Persons

FGD Age 10-14
(1 Male and 1Female in
School)
(2)
Young Persons FGD Age 1519
(2)
(1 Male and 1Female in

School)
Young Persons FGD Age 1519 mixed group out of school
(male & female, married &
unmarried)
(1)
Marginalized populations
(those living with disabilities)
FGD Age 15-24
(1)
Young Persons (20-24)

Married and unmarried youths
(1)
Young Persons (25-34)

Married and unmarried youths
(1)
Older Persons 35-60 Years
(1)
YSOs (Health, Education,

Economic)
Total
(3)
(3)
12
3
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SURVEY TOOLS
The following data collection tools will be utilized in the survey:
1. Focus Group Discussions Guide
2. In-depth Interview Guide
3. Key informant Interview Guide
4. Checklist and profile on Youth Serving Organizations
5. Case studies/narration among individuals/organizations with exceptional experiences
In each county the research assistants will endeavor to cover the identified thematic areas with a
view of soliciting information that can help harness the potential of the young persons to harness
demographic dividend. The research assistants will use the outline of the above prescribed guides
to elicit the views of the respondents with additional probing questions where necessary. One (1)
narration/case study will be documented in each county.
Focus Group Discussions
Four hundred and twenty three (423) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) will be organized
throughout the country. Although the survey focus is on issues affecting the youth and
adolescents, views will be sought not just from young people but also from older persons 35
years and above with community responsibility in the society. In each county a minimum of nine
(9) FGDs (2 for young persons aged between 10-14 years, 3 for ages 15-19, 1 for Special
populations (15 24 years), 1 for ages 20-24 and 1 for those above ages 35-60 years.) For the 2
FGDs which will be held among the 10-14 years, one (1) each for girls and boys in school. For
the three FGDs which will be held among 15 19 years, one (1) each for girls and boys in
school, and the other one for boys and girls out of school at the time of the study. Each FGD will
have 8 to 12 participants with each session taking up to two (2) hours.
In-Depth Interviews
In-depth interviews will be carried out with service providers (health, educators, and employers),
Administration, youth director covering the key thematic areas in the study. The following are
the respondents to be interviewed from the different sectors.
Health sector
1. Health Facility In-charge
2.
Manager In-charge of Youth Serving Organization in Health
Education sector
1. Primary School with Pre-primary School heads (1 public School)
2. Secondary School Principals (1 public)
3. Tertiary Institutions University dean of student (1)
4. TVET (1) or College (1)
Economic pillar
1. Enterprise Development Fund Representative (UWEZO, YEDF, WEF etc)
3. Vocational Training Institutions
Key Informant Interviews
Key informant interviews will be carried out with policy makers and decision makers covering
the key thematic areas in the study. The following are the respondents to be interviewed from the
different sectors. Key Informant Interviews will include;
Health sector
1. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) - Health
Education sector
1. County Director of Education (CDE)
2. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) - Education
Economic pillar
1. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) - Finance and Economic Planning
2. County Director of Youth Development
3. To be selected (CEC) depending on the main economic activity of the county
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Governance
1. County Commissioner
2. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) Public Administration
Checklists/ Profile of Youth Serving Organizations (YSOs)

A checklist for youth serving organizations will be designed to capture data on the types of
services the organizations offer to the youth in the sector of Health, Education and Economic.
The checklist will entail the following: Type of organization (public, private, FBO, NGO,
SACCOs etc), geographical coverage, target population (Number, age, gender, marginalized and
vulnerable), type of programs and services provided, duration that the organization has been in
operation, project duration and sources of funding. Whether these organizations are active or
inactive.
Case studies/Narration
A case study will be identified and documented for each of the three (3) pillars (Economic,
Health and Education). It will involve identifying institutions/youth groups or individuals who
have performed fairly well in terms of addressing economic empowerment of the youth, offering
youth friendly services and facilitating access and availability of education to vulnerable young
persons in the community and also organizations championing for young people as among the
key persons in decision making processes.
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SAMPLE
This is a national survey that will cover all the 47 counties in Kenya. These counties have been
grouped into 16 study regions mainly based on social-demographic characteristics and are as
shown in the table 2;
The survey will use the sampling frame for the 2014 Kenya Demographic Health Survey
(KDHS) National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme (NASSEP V). The sample frame
is considered adequately representative of the population. Other categories of sampling frame
include the NGOs/CBOs, government ministries with functions relevant to the subject of study.
Table 2: Distribution of Counties by Study Regions
Region
Counties
1.
Nairobi
Nairobi
2.
North Eastern
Garrisa, Wajir, Mandera
3.
Upper Eastern
Isiolo, Marsabit
4.
Central Eastern
Meru, Embu, TharakaNithi
5.
Lower Eastern
Kitui, Makueni, Machakos
6.
North Rift (1)
Trans Nzoia, West Pokot, Turkana,
7.
North Rift (2)
UasinGishu, Elgeiyo Marakwet, Nandi
8.
Central Rift
Nakuru, Kericho, Bomet, Baringo
9.
South Rift
Kajiado, Narok, Samburu
10. Western
Kakamega, Vihiga, Bungoma, Busia
11. Nyanza South
Kisii, Nyamira, Migori (Kuria)
12. Nyanza North
Kisumu, Siaya, Homa Bay, Migori (Luo)
13. Central (1)
Kiambu, Muranga, Kirinyaga,
14. Central(2)
Nyeri, Nyandarua, Laikipia
15. Coast Region (1)
Mombasa, Kwale, TaitaTaveta,
16. Coast Region (2)
Tana River, Lamu, Kilifi
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SURVEY ORGANIZATION
The survey will be undertaken by the National Council for Population and Development (NCPD)
in collaboration with the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Education, Science
and Technology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Devolution and Planning (Directorate of Youth),
KIPPRA, Ministry of Labour, University of Nairobi, Family Health Options Kenya, NOPE,
AFIDEP, APHRC. At National level a steering committee will guide the survey on policy issues
while a technical committee will focus on the technical issues.
In each region there will be one team comprising of a supervisor, moderator, note taker, and a
driver. Ideally, the site visits will be conducted sequentially whereby one site/community will be
visited at a time. However, more Key Informant Interviews, Narratives and In-depth interviews
may be conducted if the situation on the ground allows.
TEAM ROLES
Each survey team at regional level will comprise of a supervisor (Ideally the County Population
Coordinator or any other technical officer as nominated by NCPD), moderator, note taker, and a
driver. The Regional team is the one mandated with the responsibility to contact the respondents.
In addition, the initial data analysis process begins at the interview site during the evening
debriefs by the teams. For the success of the survey, the team members have been assigned the
following roles and responsibilities:
1.
Supervisor (CPC)
The Supervisor is the person who acts as the overseer of the exercise within the study area and a
bridge between the data collection team and the technical committee. Specifically the Supervisor
will perfrom thesefollowing tasks:
a. Work closely with the Technical committee to ensure smooth running of the exercise at
Regional level
b. Participate/contribute during training for the pretest and main survey
c. Arrange for meetings, appointments and call backs with all relevant personnel at the
County level as necessary
d. Participate in the KII with County heads
e. Supervise the RAs during field work
f. Ensure that work is completed as scheduled
g. Ensure quality work
h. Submit all the information collected to the HQ
2.
Moderator
The moderator will initiate the process and provide the rules/framework under which the
interview will be conducted. Like other members of the survey team, he/she must have good
v
understanding of the subject of discussion. Specifically, the moderator will perfrom

thesefollowing tasks:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Ensure that he/she has the necessary material for the interview of the day
Introduce the survey team
Explain the purpose of the visit
Moderate the discussions
Manage time
Participate in the daily analysis of results
Identify candidates for the narratives
3. Note Taker
For the information provided by the respondents to be useful, a proper record of the discussions
must be done. While the moderator ensures a smooth flow of the discussions, a note taker has to
be present at all times of an interview to record the verbatim responses. Specifically, a Note taker
will perfrom thesefollowing tasks:
a) Ensure that he/she has the necessary material for the interview, including tape recorder
b) Observe the interview and write down and record electronically all the (important)
information provided
c) Be able to follow the interview guideline and (skillfully) support the moderator as
necessary e.g. ensuring no question is skipped
d) Participate in the daily analysis of results
e) Make computer back up copy of the tape record
The recorded sessions will be saved in the following format of labeling/filing
Type of QR method _Type of FGD group _ Site _Initials of Moderator _date
Examples of labeling/filing FGDs
1. FGD1_MYP 10-14_NKU_RW_10-12-2013
(Focus Group Discussion 1 _Male Young Persons 10-14 _ Nakuru _Rose Wanjiru_10-5-2015)
2. FGD3_MXYP 20-24_KK_DW_10-12-2013
(Focus Group Discussion 3 _Mixed Group Young Persons20-24_ Kakamega _Daniel
Waweru_10-5-2015)
3. FGD6_FYP 15-19_NRB_TK_10-12-2013
(Focus Group Discussion 6 _Female Young Persons 15-19 _ Nairobi _Timothy Kamau_10-52015)
The roles of the moderator and note taker must not be permanent throughout the exercise and
may be interchanged when necessary to allow for equal distribution of tasks.
vi
REGULATIONS
There will be 16 teams covering all the counties across the country. Each team will have a
supervisor, a moderator, a note taker and a driver. The interviewers/Research Assistants (RAs)
will represent the regions on the basis of their ability to understand the local language and
culture. Initially, 16 RAs representing all the regions will take part in the pretest of the survey
tools. Before the commencement of field work, all the 32 RAs will undergo a ten days intensive
training on how to select participants for the FGDs, how to moderate the interview, how to take
notes, how to identify the gaps and how to conduct the in-depths interviews. During the training
they will go through the tools, undertake a test, homework and mock interviews to improve on
their skills in qualitative research. Interviewers are expected to read and understand this manual.
All the 32 selected RAs must participate in the main training for a period of 10 days without
absenting themselves. 10 coders will also be recruited and undergo training on coding of the data
using the NVIVO software.
CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEWS
The selection criteria for those to participate in the FGD will be as follows: the supervisor will
make prior arrangement with the village mobiliser and select the FGD participants as per the
criterion agreed on. The team will then arrive at the agreed venue and make sure that it is
conducive for the discussions. The participants should not be coerced to take part in the
discussions but should willingly and freely participate. None of the FGD participants should be
persons in authority or with significant influence in the community as this may hamper free
discussion.
The invited participants will be requested to convene at an appropriate time at the chosen venue
(e.g., a communal centre, a school, a volunteered private home etc.). The moderator and the note
taker should arrive at least one hour before the agreed time.
Ethical issues
A verbal informed consent process will be used among all study participants before any data is
collected. The consent page in the data collection tool being administered will be read aloud to
the study participants, and will include an explanation of the purpose of the study, expected
duration of the interview, topics to be covered, permission to use tape recorders and
confidentiality (see Annex 1). Participants will be assured that the confidentiality of all
information is guaranteed and that participation is purely voluntary and can be withdrawn any
time they wish. After reading the consent form, the interviewer will ask for any questions or
clarifications from participants and attempt to answer them.
All tape recordings of interview data will be destroyed after the transcripts have been completed
and analysis finalized. Interview data will be securely stored at the NCPD offices. The team will
then seek informed consent from the participants before starting the discussion, including
consent to have the session recorded and photos taken. Confidentiality will be assured by
indicating that any analyses and reports produced from the sessions will not bear any names or
vii
personal identifiers for any participant. Participants will be provided with refreshments during
the discussions.
The discussions will be guided by the standard methodology. The Research assistants will
receive appropriate training on the skills and prompts required to effectively conduct an FGD.
The note taker will have to be a person with legible handwriting and will be instructed on how to
capture events during the FGD (e.g., details of a particular person attempting to dominate the
discussion, special circumstances of silence moments during discussion of sensitive topics, etc.),
to assist during the analysis.
Interviewing Techniques
The following tips will assist the research team in conducting FGDS and In-depth interviews:
Table 3: Principles of Interviewing in Qualitative Research
FGDS
In-Depth Interviews
Interviewing
Interviewing
Build rapport
Be familiar with the topic
Cultivate a positive
atmosphere
Prepare well for the topic
Prepare the equipments
Practice the interview
Practice using the equipments
Be friendly
Smile
Use nice tone
Seek their consent to tape record
Be a careful observer and record non verbal

communications
Take verbatim notes
Take good quotes
Use the standard form in annex
Record participant identifiers
Make eye contact
Speak pleasantly
Be neutral
Probe for more responses
Ask open ended questions
Use humour where appropriate
Be patient
Tips for recording FGD proceedings
Seek their consent to tape

record
Be a careful observer and

record non verbal
communications
viii
FGDS
In-Depth Interviews
Take verbatim notes
Use short hand
Take good quotes
Record both questions and answer
Record participant identifiers
Record responses comments and observations

clearly
Use short hand
Record both questions and

answer
Record responses comments

and observations clearly
Take note of the following

participants
Aggressive
Shy
Angry
Talkative
Respect for each other
Encourage the passive

participants to participate
Do not intimidate them to

participate
Try to control those who are

dominant in the group
Treat all participants equally
Tips for recording IDI proceedings
Seek their consent to tape record
Be a careful observer and record non verbal

communications
Take verbatim notes
Take good quotes
Use short hand
Record both questions and answer
Record responses comments and observations

clearly
Listen carefully
Common errors in Interviewing
Failing to listen
Interrupting discussions
Dominating the process
Asking leading questions
Asking ambiguous questions
Failing to probe
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FGDS
In-Depth Interviews
Failing to record responses correctly and

promptly
Failing to plan for the meetings
Arriving late
Failing to give time for discussions
Failing to thank participants at the end of session
The Interviews will be conducted in the language which the respondents are most comfortable
with after agreement with the research team.
CONTACTING THE RESPONDENTS

The team supervisor will be required to make prior arrangement with participants and leaders in
the communities and facilities where the interviews are to be conducted. They will do this using
official letter of authority bearing NCPDs official letter head and signature. The team leader will
have to obtain in advance the contacts of the village mobilisers and the facilities where the FGDs
and IDIs will be conducted. The team leader must always infrom theseteam on any changes in
the schedules in good time and check the vehicle to ensure that it is in good condition and has
enough fuel. Each of the team members must ensure that there are enough materials for
conducting the interviews.
The survey respondents will be selected to have the following representation:
1. FGDs
To cover both urban and rural areas, in and out of school adolescent and youth, FGDs for young
persons of ages 10-14 years, 15-19 years who are single and married, FGD for special
populations ( people with disabilities), 20-24 years and for those aged between 25-65 years will
also participate in the survey. In selecting these groups, cultural diversities and religion will also
be considered. The local leaders will be key in mobilising for FGDs.
2. In-depth interviews
Twelve (12) In-depth Interviews per County with service providers targeting the youth in
Health sector, Education sector and Economic sector. The key persons will be respondents 1
health facility in-charge , 5 education (Various levels) persons, 1 from Youth Directorate
(National and County Government), 2 from labour and representative of employers and 3
youth serving organizations as per the model pillars.
3. Policy makers
Seven (7) Key Informant Interviews per County with policy makers in Health sector, Education
sector, County Economic Planning, Two key economic sectors, Administration and Security and
Judiciary at county levels will be contacted by the Technical Committee and Regional
Supervisors respectively.
ANALYSIS AND REPORT-WRITING
The field notes from the FGDs and IDIs will be expanded and completed by the moderator and
the note takers every evening after the field work. In the evenings the teams will meet to share
their experiences as they make full notes from their short field notes. Decisions will also be made
from the field notes and the daily experiences to guide the next days work. The teams will also
discuss questions that did not work well and come up with a strategy to improve on their
administration. They will also identify any missing information and address the information
gaps. Team reports will be sent to the HQs on a weekly basis. After completing the fieldwork
each day, the information collected will be transcribed from the digital recorders and the field
notes to come up with complete field reports that will be submitted for analysis. These will be
given to the supervisor for counter checking before sending to Nairobi for transcription and
interpretation. If necessary, there will be consultations and interviews with the teams to help
decode and clarify specific exchanges/situations during the discussions/interviews.
DATA ANALYSIS
Qualitative data from the FGDs, key informant interviews, and in-depth interviews will be
analyzed using the computer QRS software of NVIVO. This software assists to access, manage,
shape and analyze textual data. Data from the different counties will be analyzed separately, and
the themes that are cross-cutting compared. Emerging themes will be built from the data as it is
collected. Substantive and conceptual categories will be generated from which codes will be
developed. Additional codes will be added to the base codes as the reading and analysis process
continues.
Transcribed field notes on Focus Group Discussions, in-depth interviews and Key informant
interviews will be imported into the qualitative software as rich text units, which will be worked
on according to the topic of interest. All common themes will be coded and categorized in a
xi
standard way using the tree nodes structure so that comparisons can be made across subsamples for easier analysis.
TIMELINE
The survey will commence in April 2015 with a pretest. This will be followed by the main
survey training and field work between May and June 2015. It is estimated that
inscription/interpretation, analysis and report writing will take approximately 3 months after
completion of field work. The survey results will then be presented at the National Launch to be
followed by disseminations to counties. The time line is presented in Table 4 below:
Table 4: 2015 National Survey on Adolescents and Youth Survey Timelines
Activity
Timing
No. of Days
Preparatory Activities
Feb 2015
28
Development of Survey Framework
26th -28th February, 2015
Development of survey Tools
1st-8th March 2015
Pre-test training
8th-17th March 2015
Main training
21st April -3rd May 2015
12
Field Work
5th May- 30th June 2015
57
Data entry and analysis
12th May 7th July
57
Report Writing
13th July 2nd July
10
Report Launch
August 2015
xii

AGES 10-14 YEARS
13
Consent to School Management for Parents/Guardians:

The National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) in collaboration with the
Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST), Kenya
National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Directorate of Youth and other partners is carrying out a
survey on young persons at the county level.
Purpose of study: We are studying about the health, education of young people and their
potential to participate in the economy. The survey will use Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for
young persons in school aged 10-14 and 15-19 years. Your school has been selected to
participate in this survey.
Confidentiality: The information we collect from the pupils/students will be treated with utmost
confidentiality. We will not record their names on the forms, so no one will be able to identify
their specific responses.
Study procedure: These discussions will take two hours. We shall record the discussions and the
information gathered will only be used for the stated purpose.
In this regard we ask for your consent for the pupils/students to participate in the survey.
Consent given by School Management YES_______________NO_____________(Tick)
14
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION guide (FGD)
Introduction:
Good morning/afternoon. My name is ________________ am joined by my colleague/s
_______________, ___________________. We are working with National Council for
Population and Development (NCPD). NCPD in collaboration with the Ministry of Health
(MOH), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST), Kenya National Bureau of
Statistics (KNBS), Directorate of Youth and other partners is carrying out a survey on young
persons at the county level.
potential to participate in the economy.
Confidentiality: You have been selected to participate in the survey and what you say is
important and valuable and represents the views of your community.
The information you give will be treated with utmost confidentiality. We will not record your
names on the forms, so no one will be able to identify your specific responses.
Study procedure: These discussions will take two hours. We will record the discussions and the
Only one consent form for the focus group discussion will be signed by the group representative
to show that all participants have accepted to take part in the study.
Group Representatives Signature----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank You.
15
MODULE 1: HEALTH
Introduction: Young persons are the future of any society. It is therefore important to ensure that
young persons are healthy at all times. Now, we are going to discuss health issues affecting
young persons of your age in this community. This discussion will help us understand the current
local status of health and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.
1. Health issues affecting young persons
a) What are the main health-issues affecting young persons of your age in this
community/county?
Probe for health problems e.g. teenage pregnancy, HIV, STIs, Sexual Gender Based
Violence (SGBV), mental health
b) How common are these health issues among the young persons?
Probe for the mentioned health problems in 1 (a)
Probe whether they know of friends or people who have been affected
Probe why these problems are common
c) How do these health issues affect the well-being of young persons of your age?
d) How can these health issues or problems be addressed?
Probe for possible ways the mentioned health problems can be dealt with? e.g. seeking
counselling services and health information, family life education, health talks
2. Availability and accessibility to health information and services
a) What are the main sources of health information and services for young persons of your age
in this community/county?
b) What health information and services do young persons of your age in this
community/county mainly access from these sources?
Probe for the sources mentioned in 2(a)
c) How often do young persons of your age in this community/county access health information
and services from these sources?
d) How useful is this information to young persons of your age?
e) What are the preferred sources of health information and services for young persons of your
age in this community/county?
f) In every community there are people living in difficult circumstances such as persons with
disabilities, HIV positive, orphans etc. Do you have such people of your age in the
community/county?
g) What health information and services are available for young persons living in with
disabilities, HIV positive, orphans?
16
h) We have what we call youth friendly services. The provider is friendly, provider maintains
confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young people.
About the health services and information available to young people, are they friendly to
young persons? If YES or NO, Explain your answer
Probe provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young
people
i) What are main challenges young persons of your age face in accessing health information
and services in this community/county?
Probe for the health providers, the facility infrastructure, the cost of services, time, their
fears and concerns
Probe for specific challenges for people with disabilities
j) How can these challenges be addressed?
Probe what needs to be done to make the health information and services friendlier to
young persons in this community/county?
3. Organizations (public and private) addressing health issues of young persons
NOTE: Follow on health issues mentioned in 1 (a)
a) In the health issues affecting young persons, which organizations/people address these
issues?
Probe what specific health issues do they address?
b) How have these organizations/people changed the health status of young persons in this
c)
community/county?
What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address
health issues affecting young persons in this community/county?

NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 3 (a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of
the organizations
17
4. Opportunities for improvement in health

a) What are the health information and services that are required by young people in this
community/county but are not being provided?
18
MODULE 2: EDUCATION
Introduction: Now, we are going to discuss education issues affecting young persons of your
age in this community. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of
education and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.
1. Education issues affecting young persons
a) What are the main issues affecting the education of primary school age children in this
community/county?
Probe for reporting time, absenteeism for both teachers and pupils/students
Probe for drug and substance abuse for both teachers and pupils/students
Probe what are the reasons for drug and substance abuse?
Probe for child labour
b) How have these issues affected their education?

c) How common are these issues?
Probe whether their friends or relatives have been affected
Probe why are these issues common?
FOR GIRLS FGD ONLY: Probe are sanitary towels provided to girls in school. If NO why?
d) Are there primary school age children of your age who do not attend school or have dropped
out of school? If YES, why?
Probe for costs, teenage pregnancy, early marriage, child labour, poverty, cultural
practices (e.g. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), gender discrimination, School Feeding
Program (SFP) not provided, corporal punishment
Probe how common are these problems?
2. Availability and accessibility of education services
a)
What are your views about the availability and accessibility of primary schools in this
community/county?
Probe for availability (whether schools/teachers/classrooms are available)
Probe for accessibility (whether schools can be accessed in terms of distance to school,
time taken to reach school, transport costs etc)
b)
Are there schools in this community/county that have facilities for pupils with special
needs?
19
Probe for physically challenged, Intellectually challenged, visually impaired, hearing

challenged, communication disorders, exceptionally talented/gifted
c)
Are there adequate learning facilities in the schools?
Probe for classrooms, desks, dormitories, laboratories, toilets/latrines, libraries, books

Probe for electricity, toilets/latrines and water
NOTE: In the Observation list indicate the condition of the facilities (depletion, leakage etc.)
d)
Are there differences between boys and girls accessing school? If YES
Probe for the differences in the number of boys and girls
Probe why there are differences by sex
3. Access to ICT services in the education sector

What ICT services are available for pupils in this school/community?
Probe for computer classes, cyber cafes
Probe for computer resource centre/computer library
Probe for computer lessons for classes with pupils with special needs
a)
4. Organizations (public and private) addressing education issues of young persons

NOTE: Follow on the education issues mentioned in 1 (a)
a) In the main issues affecting the education of young persons that you have mentioned, which
organizations/people address these issues?
Probe what specific education issues do they address?
b) How have these organizations/people changed the education status of young persons in this
community/county?
c) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address
issues affecting the education of young persons in this community/county?
the organizations
5. Opportunities for investment in education
a) How can these main issues affecting the education of young persons be addressed?
b) Are there any education services that are required by young people in this community/county
but are not being provided? If yes,
Probe which education services?
20
MODULE 3: ECONOMIC
Introduction: Now, we are going to discuss economic issues affecting young persons of your
age in this community. This discussion will help us understand the current economic activities by
the young persons.
1. Employment and income opportunities among young persons
a) Are there young people of your age engaged in any economic activities in this
community/county? If YES,
Probe in what economic activities are they commonly engaged in?
Probe why are they engaged in these economic activities?
b) What challenges do young people; both boys and girls of your age encounter in engaging in
these economic activities?
c) What do you think should be done to address these challenges?
2. Availability and access to ICT services
a) What ICT services are available to young people of your age in this community/county?
Probe for internet, phone, TV, radio, computer, resource centres, libraries
b) What type of services do the young people of your age seek for? (Facebook, twitter)
c) Which of these services are the most preferred by young people?
d) What type of information are the young persons looking for from the ICT services?
e) What do they use the information for?
f) What challenges do young people of your age face in accessing ICT services in this
community/school?
g) What needs to be done to address these issues?
3. Population structure
What do you think about the growing population of young people in this
community/county in relation to health, education and economic engagement?
Probe in relation to health status, access to health services
Probe in relation to education status, access to education services
Probe in relation to economy and access to employment

AGES 15-19 YEARS
21
Consent to School Management for Parents/Guardians:

The National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) in collaboration with the
Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST), Kenya
National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Directorate of Youth and other partners is carrying out a
survey on young persons at the county level.
potential to participate in the economy. The survey will use Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for
young persons in school aged 10-14 and 15-19 years. Your school has been selected to
participate in this survey.
Confidentiality: The information we collect from the pupils/students will be treated with utmost
confidentiality. We will not record their names on the forms, so no one will be able to identify
their specific responses.
Study procedure: These discussions will take two hours. We shall record the discussions and the
In this regard we ask for your consent for the pupils/students to participate in the survey.
Consent given by School Management YES_______________NO_______________(Tick)
22
Introduction:
Confidentiality: You have been selected to participate in the survey because you come from this
community. What you say is important and valuable and represents the views of your county.
information gathered will only be used for the stated purpose. In this regards we ask for your
consent to use the recording device.
Thank You.
23
MODULE 1: HEALTH
young persons are healthy at all times.
Now we are going to discuss health issues affecting young persons of your age in this
community. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of health and how
these can be improved in order to contribute to development.
a) What are the main health issues affecting young persons of your age in this
community/county?
Probe for health problems e.g. teenage pregnancy, HIV, STIs, SGBV, mental health
Probe for the health problems mentioned
d) How can these health issues/problems be addressed?
for counselling services and health information, family life education, health talks
2. Availability and accessibility to health information and services
b) What type of health information and services do young persons of your age in this
Probe for the source mentioned for health information and services in 2(a)
d) How useful is this information and services to young people of your age?
f) What are the main Sexual and Reproductive Health/ Family Planning (SRH/FP) information
and services available and accessible to young persons in this community/county?
g) What challenges do young persons in your community/county face in accessing SRH/FP
information and services?
Probe for factors which act as barriers for young persons e.g. the health providers, and
the facility infrastructure, the community, cost, time, and their fears
24
h) In every community there are people living in difficult circumstances such as persons with
disabilities, HIV positive, orphans etc. Do you have such people of your age in this
community/county?
i) What health information and services are available for young persons living with disabilities,
HIV positive, orphans?
j) We have what we call youth friendly services. The provider is friendly, provider maintains
confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young people).
young persons? Explain your answer
Probe provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to youth
k) What are main challenges young persons of your age face in accessing health information
Probe for the health providers, the facility infrastructure, the community, cost of services,
time, their fears and concerns
Probe for specific challenges for young people with disabilities
l) How can these challenges be addressed?
3. Organizations (Public and Private) addressing health issues of young persons
NOTE: Follow on main health issues mentioned in 1 (a)
a) In the health issues affecting young persons that you have mentioned, which
organizations/people address these issues?
Probe what specific health issues do they address?
community/county?
c) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations to address health
issues affecting young persons in this community/county?
the organization
4. Opportunities for improvement in Health
25
MODULE 2: EDUCATION
Introduction: Now we are going to discuss education issues affecting young persons of your age
in this community. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of education
and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.
a) What are the main issues affecting the education of secondary school age children in this
community/county?
Probe for reporting time, absenteeism for both students and teachers
Probe for drug and substance abuse for both students and teachers
Probe for reasons for drug and substance abuse?
Probe for child labour
b) How have these issues affected their education?
Probe whether their friends or relatives have been affected?
FOR GIRLS FGD ONLY: Probe: Are sanitary towels provided to girls in school. If NO, why?
d) Are there secondary school age children who do not attend school or have dropped out of
school? If YES, why?
Probe: for costs, teenage pregnancy, early marriage, child labour, poverty, cultural
practices (e.g. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), gender discrimination, School Feeding
Program (SFP not provided), corporal punishment
How common are these problems?
2.
Availability and accessibility of education services
a) What are your views about the availability and accessibility of secondary schools in this
community/county?
Probe for availability (whether schools are available in this community/county)
Probe for accessibility (whether schools can be accessed in terms of distance to school,
time taken to reach school, transport costs etc)
b) Are there schools in this community/county that have facilities for students with special
needs?
26

Are there adequate learning facilities in the schools?
Probe for classrooms, desks, dormitories, laboratories, libraries, books
Probe for electricity toilets/latrines, and water
NOTE: In the Observation list: indicate the condition of the facilities (depletion, leakage etc.)
c)
d)
Are there differences between boys and girls accessing education in schools? If YES,
Probe for the differences in the number of boys and girls

Probe why there are differences by sex
3.
Access to ICT services in the education sector

a) What ICT services are available for students/young persons in this school/community?
Probe for computer resource centres/computer libraries
Probe for computer lessons for classes with students with special needs
Organizations (public and private) addressing education issues of young persons
NOTE: Follow on the education issues mentioned in 1 (a)
a) Which organizations/people address education challenges of young persons of your age in
4.
this community/county?
Probe what specific education challenges do they address?
b) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address
challenges affecting the education of young persons in this community/county?
the organizations
27
5.
Opportunities for investment in education

a) What more needs to be done to address the challenges affecting education of young persons
28
MODULE 3: ECONOMIC
Introduction: Now, we are going to discuss economic issues affecting young persons in this
community. This discussion will help us understand the current economic activities by the young
persons
1.
a)
Employment and income among young persons

Are there young people of your age engaged in any economic activities in this
community/county? IF YES,
Probe what economic activities they commonly engaged in
Probe type of employment
Probe why they are engaged in these economic activities
b) What challenges do young people, both boys and girls of your age encounter in engaging in
c)
these economic activities?

What do you think should be done to address these challenges?
2. Availability and accessibility of income and employment opportunities

a) What are the interventions or programmes in place in this community/county to address
youth unemployment? (By government and other organizations)
Probe for UWEZO, AGPO, YEDF, WEF, NYS, Private sector support program
b) How have young persons benefited from these interventions?
c) What are the challenges in accessing these interventions?
d) What can be done to address these challenges?
b) What services do the young people of your age seek for? (Facebook, twitter)
c) What are their preferred services?
d) What type of information are the young persons looking for from these ICT services?
e) What do they use the information for?
f) What challenges do young people of your age face in accessing ICT services in this
community/county?
g) What can be done to improve access to ICT services?
4. Organizations (public and private) addressing economic opportunities for the young
persons
a) What are the key organizations/people that are addressing youth economic empowerment in
29
Probe role of MFIs, CDF, business innovation and incubation centres, talent
identification and nurturing centres, apprenticeship, industrial attachment and
internships
b) What services are they providing?
c) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations to address economic
issues affecting young persons in this community/county?
NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 4(a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of
the organizations
5. Potential
areas
that
can
increase
employment
and
income
opportunities
(Industrialization and trade issues)

a) What are the potential investment areas that can promote job creation and income for the
youth in this community/county?
List 5 key areas
30
MODULE 4: GOVERNANCE
Introduction: We are now going to discuss about governance in this community/county. This
discussion will assist to understand the current situation of governance practices of this
community/county, the challenges encountered and how these can be improved in order for
young people to effectively contribute to development with particular focus to health, education
and the economy.
NOTE for RA: Governance refers to the process through which systems are managed from
within and without. It encompasses how policies interact, how courts operate, and participation
of the public in the planning and implementation of projects/programmes, fairness in distribution
of resources, whether the implementers are accountable and transparent and whether the results
are achieved with integrity and optimization of resources
1. Rule of law
a) Justice system
i. What are the main cases that are prevalent in this community/county?
Probe for land disputes, crime,
ii. How would you describe the process of solving cases, disputes in this community/county?
Probe for traditional systems, out of court settlement, Kangaroo courts
iii. What challenges does this community experience in solving the disputes and cases?
iv. What ways can be applied to address these challenges?
b)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Security
How would you describe the security situation in this community/county?
What mechanisms are in place to ensure there is security for everybody?
What roles do young people of your age play in maintaining security?
What challenges exist in ensuring security for all in this community/county?
How best can the community address these challenges?
c) Administration
i. How would you describe the administrative structures in this community/county? (the roles,
effectiveness)
Probe for formal and traditional structures
ii. What roles do young people play in administration, management committees, public affairs
iii. What challenges do young people face in engaging with administration or management
structures in this community/county?
iv. How can these challenges be addressed?
d) Cohesion
i. What are the issues/challenges that affect unity of the people of your age in this
community/county?
ii. What interventions are there in place to promote unity among the people of your age?
31
iii. What more needs to be done to promote unity among the people in this community/county?
NOTE: If No Interventions in (ii) probe what needs to be done to promote unity among the
people in this community/county?
2. Transparency and accountability
a) What mechanisms are in place to inform young people on planned/ongoing activities in this
community/county?
Probe for service delivery charter
Probe whether information about projects, bursaries, tenders are put on public notice
boards
Probe for suggestion boxes
Probe for public forums
Probe for barazas/community meetings
Probe for media
b) What are the mechanisms in place to ensure accountability and transparency?
Probe for disciplinary action
Resignation
Stepping aside for investigation
c) How can these mechanisms be improved?
3. Consensus, equity, inclusiveness, participation and responsiveness
a) How are youth involved in project identification, design and implementation in this
community/county?
b) How do projects/programmes address the young peoples needs?
c) How do the opportunities that exist ensure that they serve those who deserve?
Probe for Gender, age, PWDs
d) What roles would young people LIKE to play in projects/programmes in this
community/county?
e) What are the challenges that young persons face during their involvement in project
implementation in the community/county?
f) How can young peoples involvement in project process be improved?
4. Effectiveness and efficiency
a) How are the available resources allocated to target the young people in this
community/county?
b) What mechanisms are in place to ensure resources are used to achieve the expected
outcomes?
c) What can be done to improve efficiency and effectiveness in utilization of resources to meet
the needs of young people in this community/county?
5. Political Leadership
32
a)
What role does political leadership play in the management of youth affairs in this
community/county?
Probe for resource allocation and utilization, employment, Health, Education, Economy
6. Population Structure
a) What do you think about the growing population of young people in relation to health,
education, economy and governance?
Probe in relation to economic, employment status, access to employment
Probe in relation to participation in governance issues (security, administration etc)
33

AGES 20-24 YEARS
34
Introduction:
community/county. What you say is important and valuable and represents the views of your
county.
Thank You.
35
MODULE 1: HEALTH
Now, we are going to discuss health issues affecting young persons of your age in this
community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of health and
how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.
1. Health Issues Affecting Young Persons
a) What are the main health-issues affecting young persons of your age in this
community/county?
Probe for health problems e.g. unplanned pregnancy, HIV, STIs, SGBV, Mental health
Probe for the health problems mentioned
Probe whether they know of friends or people who have been affected
Probe why these problems are common
for counselling services and health information, health talks
2. Availability and access to health information and services
Probe for sources mentioned for the health information and services
c) How useful is the information and services?
d) How often do young persons of your age in this community/county access health information
f) What are the main Sexual Reproductive Health/ Family Planning (SRH/FP) information and
services available and accessible to young persons in this community/county?
g) What challenges do young persons in your community/county face in accessing SRH
Probe for factors which act as barriers for young persons e.g. the health providers,
and the facility infrastructure, the community, cost, time, and their fears.
36
h) In every community there are people living in difficult circumstances such as persons with
community/county?
i) What health information and services are available for young persons with disabilities, HIV
positive, orphans?
j) We have what we call youth friendly services. The provider is friendly, provider maintains
confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young people.
k) What are main challenges young persons of your age face in accessing health information
Probe for the health providers, the facility infrastructure, the community, cost for
services, time, their fears and concerns
l) How can these challenges be addressed?
NOTE: Follow on health issues mentioned in 1 (a)
a) In the health issues affecting young persons that you mentioned,
which
organizations/people address these issues? Probe what specific health issues do they
address?
community/county?
NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 3 (a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name
of the organizations
37
MODULE 2: EDUCATION
in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of
education and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.
a) What are the main issues affecting the education and training of young persons of your
Probe for reporting time, absenteeism for both students and teachers
Probe for drug and substance abuse for both students and teachers
b) How have these issues affected their education and training?

d) Are there young persons of your age who have never attended tertiary institutions or have
dropped out of these institutions? If YES, probe why?
Probe for costs, unplanned pregnancy, marriage, poverty, cultural practices, gender
discrimination
IF NO in (d), Probe for the facilitating factors of attendance in tertiary institutions

a.
What are your views about the availability and accessibility of tertiary institutions in this
community/county?
b.
Are there tertiary institutions in this community/county that have facilities for students with
special needs?

c.
Are there adequate learning facilities in the institutions?
d.
Probe for halls, desks/chairs, dormitories, laboratories, libraries, learning materials

Probe for electricity, water, toilets/latrines
Are there differences between males and females in accessing tertiary institutions? If YES,
Probe for the differences in gender

Probe why there are differences
38
3. Access to ICT services in Tertiary Institutions

a) What ICT services are available for young persons in tertiary institutions/community?
Probe for computer lessons or units
Probe for computer resource Centres / computer libraries
Probe for computer lessons for learners with special needs
4. What are your views about the content of the curricular taught in the learning institutions and
the requirement in the prevailing job market?
5. Are there opportunities for young persons to gain skills in this community/county? If YES,
Probe for apprenticeship, internship or mentorship opportunities
Probe how relevant does the apprenticeship, internship or mentorship that young persons
receive prepare them for the prevailing job market?
If there are NO opportunities in (5), probe why?
Probe what can be done to create opportunities
6. Organizations (public and private) addressing education and training challenges of
young persons
NOTE: Follow on the education and training issues mentioned in 1 (a)
a) What organizations/people address education and training challenges of young persons of
your age in this community/county?
Probe what specific education and training challenges do they address?
challenges affecting the education and training of young persons in this community/county?
the organization
7. Opportunities for investment in education and training
a) What more needs to be done to address the challenges affecting the education and training?
39
MODULE 3: ECONOMIC
Introduction: Now we are going to discuss economic issues affecting young persons of your age
in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current economic activities
by the young persons.
1. Issues affecting access to employment and income opportunities
a) In what economic activities are young persons of your age commonly engaged in this
community/county?
Probe if they earn income from the work they do. If not, probe Why
b) What challenges do young people, both male and females of your age encounter in engaging
c)
in these economic activities?

2. Availability and access to employment and income opportunities

a) What are the main employment and income opportunities available for young persons of
Probe for employment opportunities
Probe for income generating opportunities.
b) What are the challenges affecting young persons of your age in accessing employment and
income opportunities in this community/county?
Probe for their skills and labor market requirements
Probe for access to capital
Probe for registration, taxation, security, community cohesion, business ethics, attitude
c)
What are the interventions or programmes in place in this community/county to address

youth unemployment?
Probe for UWEZO, AGPO, YEDF, WEF, NYS, Private sector support programs
d)
e)
f)
How have young persons benefited from these interventions in this community/county?
What are the challenges in accessing these interventions?
What can be done to address these challenges?
40

b) What services do the young people of your age seek for? (Facebook, twitter)
c) What type of information are the young persons looking for from these ICT services?
d) What do they use the information for?
e) What challenges do young people of your age face in accessing ICT services in this
community/county?
f) What can be done to address these challenges?
4. Organizations (public and private) addressing economic opportunities for the young
persons
a) What are the key organizations/people that are addressing youth economic empowerment in
internships
b) What services are they providing?
economic issues affecting young persons in this community/county?
the organizations
5. Potential
areas
that
can
increase
employment
and
income
opportunities

a) What are the potential investment areas that can promote job creation and income for the
List 5 key areas
discussion will assist to understand the current situation of governance practices of the county,
the challenges encountered and how these can be improved in order to enable young people of
your age to effectively contribute to development with particular focus to health, education and
the economy.
41
NOTE RAs: Governance refers to the process through which systems are managed from within
and without. It encompasses how policies interact, how courts operate, and participation of the
public in the planning and implementation of projects/programmes, fairness in distribution of
resources, whether the implementers are accountable and transparent and whether the results are
achieved with integrity and optimization of resources
1. Rule of law
a) Justice system
i.
What are the main cases that are prevalent in this community/county?
ii.
How would you describe the process of solving cases, disputes in this
iii.
iv.
community/county?
What challenges does this community experience in solving the disputes and cases?
What ways can be applied to address these challenges?
b) Security
i.
ii.
iii.
iv. What challenges exist in ensuring security for all in this community/county?
v. How best can the community address these challenges?
c) Administration
i.
How would you describe the administrative structures in this community/county?
(the roles, effectiveness)
Probe for:
Formal and
Traditional structures
ii.
What roles do young people of your age play in administration, management
iii.
committees, public affairs in this community/county?

What challenges do young people face in engaging with administration or
iv.
management structures in this community/county?

How can these challenges be addressed?
e) Cohesion
i.
What are the issues or challenges that affect unity of the people in this
ii.
iii.
community/county?
What programmes are there in place to promote unity among the people?
What more needs to be done to promote unity among the people in this
community/county?
42
NOTE: If No programmes in (ii) probe what needs to be done to promote unity

among the people in this community/county?
a) What mechanisms are in place to inform young people on planned/ongoing activities in
Probe whether information about projects, bursaries, tenders are put on
public notice boards
Probe for media
Resignation
43

a) How are young persons of your age involved in budget process, project identification,
design and implementation in this community/county?
b) What roles would young persons of your age LIKE to play in projects/programmes in
this community?
c) How do projects/programmes address the young peoples needs?
d) How do the opportunities that exist ensure that they serve those who deserve?
Probe by gender, age, persons with disabilities (PWDs)
community/county?
outcomes?
c) What can be done to improve efficiency and effectiveness in utilization of resources to
meet the needs of young people in this community/county?
a) What role does political leadership play in the management of youth affairs in this
community/county?
Probe for resource allocation and utilization, employment, Health, Education,
Economy
In conclusion, what do you think about the growing population of young people in relation to
health, education, economic status and governance?
Probe in relation to economy, employment status, access to employment
Probe in relation to participation in governance issues (security,
administration etc)
44

AGES 25-34 YEARS
45
Introduction:
Statistics (KNBS), Directorate of Youth Affairs and others partners is carrying out a survey on
young persons at the county level.
county.
Thank You.
46
MODULE 1: HEALTH
Now we are going to discuss health issues affecting young persons of your age 25-34 years in
this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of health
a) What are the main health-issues affecting young people of your age in this
community/county?
Probe for health problems e.g. pregnancy, HIV, STIs, SGBV, Mental health
Probe for mentioned health problems
for counselling services and health information, health talks
Probe for sources mentioned for the health information and services
d) What are the preferred sources of health information and services for young persons of your
e) What are the main Sexual Reproductive Health/ Family Planning (SRH/FP) information and
f) What challenges do young persons of your age face in accessing SRH information and
services?
Probe for factors which act as barriers for young persons of your age e.g. the health
providers, and the facility infrastructure, the community, cost, time, and their fears.
g) In every community there are people living in difficult circumstances such as persons with
community/county?
47
h) What health information and services are available for young persons with disabilities, HIV
positive, orphans?
i) We have what we call youth friendly services. The provider is friendly, provider maintains
confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young people) Have you heard about
youth friendly services in this community/county?
m) What are main challenges young persons of your age face in accessing health information
Probe for the health providers, the facility infrastructure, the community, cost of services,
time, their fears and concerns
n) How can these challenges be addressed?
NOTE: Follow on the health issues mentioned in 1 (a)
a) In the health issues affecting young persons that you have mentioned, which
organizations/people address these issues? Probe what specific health issues do they
address?
community/county?
the organization
4. Opportunities for improvement in Health
a) What are the health information and services that are required by young people of your age in
this community/county but are not being provided?
48
MODULE 2: EDUCATION
25-34 years in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current local
status of education and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.
1. Education issues affecting young persons age 25-34
a) What are the main issues affecting the education and training of young persons in this
community/county?
Probe for drug and substance abuse in the institutions for both students and tutors
b) How have the main issues mentioned affected their education and training?
Probe how common are the problems

Probe why are these problems common?
c) Are there young persons who have never attended tertiary institutions or have dropped out of
these institutions? If YES, probe why?
Probe: for costs, unplanned pregnancy, marriage, poverty, cultural practices, gender
discrimination
IF NO in 1(d), Probe for the facilitating factors of attendance in tertiary institutions

a)
What are your views about the availability and accessibility of tertiary institutions in this
community/county?
b)
Probe for distance, transport costs, time taken
special needs?

c)
d)

Are there differences between males and females in accessing tertiary institutions? If YES

49
3. Access to ICT services in Tertiary Institutions

a) What ICT services are available for young persons in tertiary institutions/community?
Probe for computer resource Centres / computer libraries
4. What are your views about the content of the curricular taught in the learning
institutions and the requirement in the prevailing job market
5. Are there opportunities for young persons to gain skills in this community/county?
Probe for apprenticeship, internship, mentorship opportunities
Probe how relevant the apprenticeship, internship, mentorship that young persons
young persons
a) What organizations/people address education and training challenges of young persons in
challenges
affecting
the education
and training of young
persons in this
community/county?
the organization
7. Opportunities for Investment in Education and Training
a) What more needs to be done to address the challenges affecting the education and
training?
MODULE 3: ECONOMIC
Introduction: Now we are going to discuss economic issues affecting young persons of your age
in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current economic activities
by the young persons.
1. Issues affecting access to employment and income opportunities
50
a) In what activities are young persons of your age commonly engaged in this
community/county?
Probe if they earn income from the work they do. If NOT, probe Why
b) What challenges do young people, both male and females of your age encounter in engaging
in these economic activities?
c) What do you think should be done to address these challenges?
a) What are the main employment and income opportunities available for young persons of
Probe for income generating opportunities
b) What are the challenges affecting young persons of your age in accessing employment and
income opportunities in this community/county?
c) What are the interventions or programmes in place in this community/county to address
youth unemployment?
d) How have young persons benefited from these interventions in this community/county?
e) What are the challenges in accessing these interventions?
f) What can be done to address these challenges?
51
3.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Availability and access to ICT services

What ICT services are available to young people of your age in this community/county?
What services do the young people of your age seek for? (Facebook, twitter)
What type of information are the young persons looking for from the ICT services?
What do they use the information for?
What challenges do young people of your age face in accessing ICT services in this
community/county?
f) How can these challenges be addressed?
Organizations (public and private) addressing economic opportunities for the youth
a. What are the key organizations/people that are addressing youth economic empowerment in
4.
internships
b. What services are they providing?
c. What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address
economic issues affecting young persons in this community/county?
the organization
5. Potential
a)
areas
that
can
increase
employment
and
income
opportunities

What are the potential investment areas that can promote job creation and income for the
List 5 key areas
52
discussion will assist to understand the current situation of governance practices of the county,
the challenges encountered and how these can be improved in order to enable young people of
your age to effectively contribute to development with particular focus to health, education and
the economy.
1. Rule of law
a) Justice systems
i.
ii.
iii.
community/county?
What challenges does this community/county experience in solving the disputes and
iv.
cases?
d) Security
i.
ii.
iii.
v. How best can the community/county address these challenges?
e) Administration
i.
ii.

Probe for:
Formal and
What roles do young people of your age play in administration, management
iii.
committees, public affairs in this community/county?

management structures in this community/county?
53
iv.
f) Cohesion
i.
What are the issues or challenges that affect unity of the people of your age in this
community/county?
What programmes are there in place to promote unity among the people of your age?
What more needs to be done to promote unity among the people of your age in this
ii.
iii.
community/county?
Note to RAs: If No programmes in (ii) probe what needs to be done to promote
unity among the people in this community/county?
Probe whether information about projects, bursaries, tenders are put on public
notice boards
Probe for media

Resignation
design and implementation in this community?
b) What roles would young people LIKE to play in projects/programmes in this
community/county?
c) How do projects/programmes address the young peoples needs?
d) How do the opportunities that exist ensure that they serve those who deserve?
54
community/county?
outcomes?
meet the needs of young people in this community/county?
a) What role does political leadership play in the management of youth affairs in the
community/county?
Economy
a) What do you think about the growing population of young people in relation to health,
education, economic status and governance?
Probe in relation to economic and employment status, access to employment
55

AGES 35-60 YEARS
56
Introduction:
(MOH), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics
(KNBS), Directorate of Youth and other partners is carrying out a survey on young persons at
the county level.
county.
Thank You.
57
MODULE 1: HEALTH
Now we are going to discuss health issues affecting young people aged 10-34 years in this
community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of health and
how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.
a) What are the main health-issues affecting young people in this community/county?
Probe for health problems e.g. pregnancy, HIV, STIs, SGBV, Mental health
b) How common are these health issues among the young people?
Probe for mentioned health problems
c) How do these health issues affect the well-being of young people?
for counselling services and health information, family life education, health talks
a) What are the main sources of health information and services for young people in this
community/county?
b) What health information and services do young people in this community/county mainly
access from these sources?
Probe for sources mentioned in 2 (a)
c) How often do young people in this community/county access health information and services
from these sources?
d) How useful is the information and services?
e) What are the preferred sources of health information and services for young people in this
community/county?
f) What are the main Sexual Reproductive health/ Family Planning (SRH/FP) information and
g) What challenges do young persons in this community/county face in accessing SRH/FP
Probe for factors which act as barriers for young persons e.g. the health providers
attitude, and the facility infrastructure, the community, cost, time, and their fears
Probe for challenges faced by young people with special needs
58
h) In every community there are people living in difficult circumstances such as persons living
with disabilities, HIV positive, orphans etc. Are you aware of such people in this
community/county?
i) What health information and services are available for young persons with disabilities, HIV
positive, orphans?
j) We have what we call youth friendly services. (The provider is friendly, provider maintains
confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young people)
Probe whether provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to
young people
o) What are the main challenges young people face in accessing health information and services
Probe for the health providers attitude, the facility infrastructure, the community
including cost, time, their fears
p) How can these challenges be addressed?
3. Organizations (Public and Private) addressing health issues of young persons

NOTE: Follow on the health issues mentioned in 1 (a)
a) In the health issues affecting young persons that you mentioned, which organizations/people
address these issues? Probe what specific health issues do they address?
community/county?
the organization
59
MODULE 2: EDUCATION
Introduction: Now we are going to discuss education issues affecting young people ages 1034years in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current local
status of education and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.
a) What are the main issues affecting the education and training of young persons in this
community/county?
Probe for drug and substance abuse in institutions

Probe for reasons for drug and substance abuse
b) How have these issues affected their education and training?

c) How common are these challenges?
d) Are there young people who have never attended school/college or have dropped out of
school/college in this community? If YES, probe why?
Probe: for costs, early pregnancy, early/forced marriage, poverty, cultural practices,
gender discrimination, corporal punishment

a) What are your views about the availability and accessibility of schools/colleges in this
community/county?
b) Are there schools/college in this community/county that have facilities for students with
special needs?

c)
Are there adequate learning facilities in the schools and colleges?
d)

Are there differences between males and females accessing schools and colleges? If YES

60
3. Access to ICT services in schools and colleges

a) What ICT services are available for young persons in schools and colleges in this
community/county?
Probe for computer resource centres/computer libraries
4. What are your views about the content of the curricular taught in the learning
institutions and the requirement in the prevailing job market
5. Are there opportunities for young persons to gain skills in this community/county?
Probe for apprenticeship, internship or mentorship opportunities
Probe how relevant is the apprenticeship, internship or mentorship that young persons
young persons
a) What organizations/people address education and training challenges of young people in this
community/county?
challenges affecting the education and training of young persons in this community/county?
the organization
7. Opportunities for Investment in Education and Training
a) What more needs to be done to address the challenges affecting the education and training
of young people in this community/county?
MODULE 3: ECONOMIC
Introduction: Now we are going to discuss economic issues affecting young persons (ages 1034) in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current economic
activities by the young persons.
1.
Issues affecting access to employment and income opportunities

61
a)
In what activities are young people commonly engaged in this community/county?

Probe if they earn income from the work they do. If not probe Why
b) What challenges do young people (both male and females) encounter in engaging in these
c)
economic activities?

a) What are the main employment and income opportunities available and accessible for young
people in this community/county?
Probe for income generating opportunities
b) What are the challenges affecting young people in accessing employment and income
generating opportunities in this community?
c) What are the interventions or programmes in place in this community to address youth
unemployment?
d) How do young people benefit from these interventions in this community?
What are the challenges in accessing these interventions?
What can be done to address these challenges?
62
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Availability and access to ICT services

What ICT services are available and accessible to young people in this community?
What services do the young people seek for? (Facebook, twitter)
What type of information are the young persons looking for from these ICT services?
What do they use the information for?
What challenges do young people face in accessing ICT services in this community?
What can be done to address these challenges
4.
a)
Organizations (public and private) addressing economic opportunities for the youth
What are the key organizations/people that are addressing youth economic empowerment in
3.
a)
this community?
identification and nurturing centers, Apprenticeship, Industrial attachment and
b)
c)
internships
What services are they providing?
What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations to address economic
issues affecting young persons in this community?

the organization
5. Potential
a)
areas
that
can
increase
employment
and
income
opportunities

What are the potential investment areas that can promote job creation and income for the
youth in this community?
list 5 key areas
63
Introduction: We are now going to discuss about governance in this community. This discussion
will assist to understand the current situation of governance practices of the county, the
challenges encountered and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development
with particular focus to health, education and the economy. These discussions are in relation to
young people aged 10 34 years.
1. Rule of law
a) Justice systems
i.
ii.
iii.
community/county?
What challenges do this community/county experience in solving the disputes and
iv.
cases?
b) Security
i.
ii.
iii.
What roles do young people play in maintaining security?
v. How can these challenges be addressed?
c) Administration
i.
ii.

Probe for:
Formal and
What roles do young people play in administration, management committees, public
iii.
affairs in this community/county?

management structures in this community?
64
iv.
d) Cohesion
i.
What are the issues or challenges that affect unity of the youth in this community?
ii.
What programmes are there in place to promote unity among the youth?
iii.
What more needs to be done to promote unity among young persons in this
community?
Note RA: If No programme in (ii) probe what needs to be done to promote unity
among the youth in this community?
this community?
notice boards
Probe for media
Resignation
design and implementation in this community?
b) What roles do young people LIKE to play in projects/programmes in this community?
c) What roles WOULD YOU LIKE the young people to play in projects/programmes in
this community
d) How do projects/programmes address the young peoples needs?
e) How do the opportunities that exist ensure that they serve those who deserve?
f) What are the challenges that young persons face during their involvement in project
g) How can young peoples involvement in project process be improved?
a) How are the available resources allocated to target the young people in this community?
65
outcomes?
meet the needs of young people in this community?
a) What role does political leadership play in the management of youth affairs in this
community/county?
Economy
What do you think about the growing population of young people in relation to health, education,
economic status and governance?
Probe in relation to economic and employment status, access to employment
66
KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW (KII) GUIDE:

MODULE 1 HEALTH
NOTE: To be administered to the following:1.
County Executive Committee Member (CEC)-Health/ Chief

Officer of Health/ County Director of Health
67
Introduction:
Good morning/afternoon. My name is ________________ and am with my
colleague_______________. We are working with National Council for Population and
Development (NCPD). NCPD is conducting this survey in collaboration with the Ministry of
Health (MOH), Ministry of Education, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Directorate
of Youth and other partners to carry out a survey on young persons at the county level.
Purpose of study: We are studying the health, education and economic empowerment of young
people and their potential to participate in the economy.
Confidentiality: What you say is important and valuable and represents the views of your
county. The information you give will be treated with utmost confidentiality and will be used for
the stated purpose.
Study procedure: These discussions will take one hour. We will record the discussions for the
purpose of research only. In this regards we ask for your consent to use the device.
Respondent accepts to be interviewed YES_____________NO___________ (Tick)

Thank You.
68
Now we are going to discuss health issues affecting young persons (10-34) in this county. This
discussion will help us understand the current local status of health and how these can be
improved in order to contribute to development.
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Health Issues Affecting young persons

What are the main health issues affecting young persons in this county?
Why are these health issues common in this county?
How do these health issues affect the young persons and the county at large?
How can these health issues/problems be addressed?
What is the County government doing to address health issues affecting young persons?
2. Health Information and Services

a) What are the main sources of health information and services for young persons in this
county?
b) What kind of health information and services do young persons in this county access
from these sources?
Probe for SRH information and services, including FP, available and accessible to
young persons in this county?
c) Are there health information and services available and accessible for marginalized and
vulnerable young persons in this county? If yes, what type of services are offered to
them?
d) Are there youth friendly services in this county? If yes, what type of youth friendly
services are offered in this county?
e) What proportion of health facilities in this county offer youth friendly services?
f) How would you describe the level of utilization of health information and services by
young persons in this county?
g) What challenges do young persons in this county face in accessing health information
and services?
Probe for barriers for young persons- the health providers attitude, and the facility
infrastructure, the community including cost, time, and their fears.
h) What can be done to address these challenges?
Organizations (public and private) addressing Health of Youth
a) Which youth serving organizations in this county address the health concerns of young
3.
persons?
b) What type of health services do these organizations provide young persons in the county?
c) How have these organizations changed the health of young persons in this county?
69
4. Opportunities for Improvement.

a) What policies and strategies directly address the health concerns of young persons in this
county?
Probe for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health policy, National guidelines for
provision of youth friendly services, National Reproductive Health Policy
b) What successes have you achieved in the implementation of these policies and strategies?
c) What challenges are you experiencing in the implementation of these policies and
strategies?
d) What can be done to improve the health of young persons in this county?
Probe for measures to be put in place by the county government, community, health
facility, health providers and others.
5. Population size and growth
a. What is your view about the growing population of young persons in this county?
Probe the growing population in relation to provision of health services
b. Do you think there is need to do something about the growing population of young
persons in this county? If YES probe what needs to be done and If NO probe why?
70

MODULE 2 EDUCATION
NOTE: To be administered to the following:1. County Director of Education (CDE)
2. County Executive Committee Member - Education
71
Introduction:
the stated purpose.

Thank You.
72
Now we are going to discuss education and training issues affecting young persons in this
county. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of education and training
1.
Access and participation in education levels (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary/universities)
a) What are the issues affecting education and training of young persons in this county?
Probe how common are these issues?
b) How would you describe the enrolment, transition and completion rates by gender, by
residence in this county for;
Pre-primary
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
c) If enrolment rate is not 100% probe why?

d) What are the factors that influence enrolment, transition and completion rates?
e) What are the main causes of differentials in gender and residence at the county level?
Probe for the number and distribution of learning institutions, infrastructure and
quality
f) One of the main reasons for low transition and completion rates is school dropout. Why do
girls and boys drop out of school in this county?
Probe for costs, teenage pregnancy, early marriage, child labour, poverty, cultural
practices (e.g. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), gender discrimination, School
Feeding Program (SFP) not provided, corporal punishment
g) What is the government and stakeholders doing to improve enrolment, transition and
completion rates?
Probe the return to school policy for teenage mothers, sanitary towels, School feeding
program, adult education.

Are there programmes in this county that provide sanitary towels for girls? If NO why
h) How adequate are these learning institutions?
Probe for both public & private in pre-primary, primary, secondary, Tertiary
i) What is your opinion of the quality of education and training provided by these learning
institutions?
73
Do teachers/tutors/trainers in this county have the relevant professional skills?

What programs do you have in the county to improve skills for teachers/tutors?
Probe for adequate facilities (laboratories, dormitories, classrooms, libraries)
Probe for the condition of the facilities (depletion, leakage, electricity, water,
sanitation available etc.)

Probe for equipment and supplies (laboratory equipment)
Probe for teacher shortage and absenteeism
Drug and substance abuse for teachers and students/young persons
j) What measures are in place to ensure effective management of learning institutions in this
county?
k) What is the government and stakeholders doing to improve quality of education and training
in these learning institutions?
2.
a.)
Access to ICT services and Capacities in the Education sector

What ICT facilities and services are available to the young people in this county?
Probe for computer packages, E-learning, internet access
Probe for computer resources centres/computer libraries
Are the ICT facilities adequate? If NO what needs to be done?
b.) Do learning institutions in this county have facilities for students with special needs?
Probe for physically, mentally, visually, hearing, speech challenged, exceptionally
talented/gifted. If YES;
Specify and probe for the type of facility
Organizations (public and private) addressing education and training

a.) What organizations address the education and training needs for young people in this county?
b.) Which organizations do you partner with in the provision of education in this county?
Probe for the main partners.
c.) Apart from the learning institutions which other partners address the education and training
3.
needs for young people in this county?

Probe which specific needs do these organizations address:
d.) What is the nature of participation?
Probe for the education services provided by the stakeholders
e.) How has this partnership improved the education and training of young people?
f.) How can this partnership be improved?
4.
Opportunities to improve the education of young persons

74
a) Which strategies and programs are in place to improve education in this institution?
Probe what challenges do you face in implementing these strategies?
What do you think needs to be done?
b) What more do you think needs to be done to effectively improve education?
a.) What is your view about the growing population of young persons in this county?
Probe the population in relation to provision of education services
c. Do you think there is need to do something about the growing population of young persons
in this county? If YES probe what needs to be done and If NO probe why?
75

MODULE 3 ECONOMY
NOTE: To be administered to the following:1. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) Youth Affairs.
2. County Director of Youth and Development.
3. To be selected (CEC) depending on the main economic activity
of the county.
76
Introduction:
the stated purpose.

Thank You.
77
Now we are going to discuss economic and employment issues affecting young persons (10-34
years) in this county. This discussion will help us understand the current local economic status
1) Issues affecting employment and income opportunities among Young Persons
a. What are the main issues affecting young persons in accessing employment and income
opportunities in this county?
Probe: How common are these issues
b. What are the perceptions of employers towards employing young people?
Probe for skills acquired and labour market requirements
2) Availability and Access to employment and income opportunities
a. Which are the main sectors that provide employment and income opportunities for young
people in this county?
b. What challenges do young persons have in accessing employment and income opportunities
in (a) above?
Probe for IGAs, access to capital, probe on the situation of taxation, registration, security,
legal, community cohesion and business ethics/information on business opportunities?
Probe for specific areas.
c. Are there gender issues influencing access to employment and IGAs opportunities among the
youth?
Probe reasons for the gender differences
Access and Availability of ICT facilities and services
a. What ICT facilities and services are available and accessible in this county?
b. How do the youth make use of these ICT facilities and services in this county?
c. What challenges do the youth face in accessing ICT facilities and services?
d. What needs to be done to address these challenges?
3)
Organizations (public and private) addressing economic opportunities for the youths
a. What are the key organizations that are addressing youth economic empowerment in the
4)
county?
Probe the role MFIs, CDF, business innovation and incubation centers, talent
identification and nurturing centres, Apprenticeship, Industrial attachment and internships
b. What type of youth economic empowerment services do they provide to the youth?
c. What challenges are the youth facing in accessing the services provided by these
organizations?
d. How effective are these organizations in empowering the youth economically?
78
5) Opportunities for improvement

a. What policies are in place to address youth economic empowerment issues?
b. How successful have been the implementation of these policies?
c. What challenges are faced while implementing these policies?
d. Which sectors have the potential to provide more employment and income opportunities for
young persons in this county
Probe for import and export opportunities
e. What more needs to be done to improve youth economic empowerment in the county?
6) Population Structure
Probe the population in relation to economic development and job creation
b. Do you think there is need to do something about the growing population of young persons
79

MODULE 4 GOVERNANCE
NOTE: To be administered to the following:1. County Commissioner

2. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) Public
Administration
80
Introduction:
Confidentiality: The information you give will be treated with utmost confidentiality. We will not
record your names on the forms, so no one will be able to identify your specific responses. The

Thank You.
81
We are now going to discuss about governance in this County. This discussion will
assist to understand the current situation of governance practices of the county, the challenges
encountered and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development with
particular focus to health, education and the economy. These discussions are in relation to young
people aged 10 34 years.
Introduction:
1)
Rule of law
a) Justice Systems
i.
What are the main cases involving young people that are prevalent in this county?
ii.
How would you describe the process of solving cases and disputes among the young
people in this county?
iii.
What challenges does this county experience in solving the disputes and cases among
the young people?
iv. What ways can be applied to address these challenges?
b) Security
i.
How would you describe the security situation in this county?
ii.
iii.
What roles do young people play in maintaining security?
iv. What challenges exist in ensuring security for all in this county?
v. How can these challenges be addressed?
c) Administration
i.
How would you describe the administrative structures in this county? (the roles,
effectiveness)
Probe for:
Formal and
ii.
What roles do young people play in administration, management committees, public
affairs in this county?
iii.
What challenges exist in administration or management structures in this county?
iv. How can these challenges be addressed?
d) Cohesion
i.
What are the issues or challenges that affect unity of the people in this county?
ii.
What programmes are there in place to promote unity among the people in this
county?
iii.
What more needs to be done to promote unity among the people in this county?
Note to RA: If No in ii above; iii reads what needs to be done to promote unity
among the people in this county?
82
2) Transparency and accountability

a. What mechanisms are in place to inform young people on planned/ongoing activities in
this county?
notice boards
Probe for barazas/county meetings
Probe for media
Probe for Budget making process
b. What are the mechanisms in place to ensure accountability and transparency?
Probe for disciplinary action, Resignation, Stepping aside for investigation
c. How can these mechanisms be improved?
3) Consensus, equity, inclusiveness, participation and responsiveness
a. How are young people involved in project identification, design and implementation in
this county?
b. What roles do young people LIKE to play in projects/programmes in this county?
c. What roles WOULD YOU LIKE the young people to play in projects/programmes in this
county
d. How do projects/programmes address the young peoples needs?
e. How do the opportunities that exist ensure that they serve those who deserve?
f. What are the challenges in young peoples involvement in project implementation in this
county?
g. How can young peoples involvement in project process be improved?
4) Effectiveness and efficiency
a. How are the available resources allocated to target the young people in this county?
b. What mechanisms are in place to ensure resources are used to achieve the expected
outcomes?
c. What can be done to improve efficiency and effectiveness in utilization of resources to
meet the needs of young people in this county?
5) Political Leadership
a) What role does political leadership play in the management of Young peoples affairs in
this county?
Economy
6) Population Structure
83
Probe the population in relation to health, education and Economy
b. Do you think there is need to do something about the growing population of young persons
84
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE:

MODULE 1 HEALTH
NOTE: To be administered to the following:1. Health Facility In-charge
2. Manager In-charge of Youth Organization
85
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE 1: HEALTH FACILITY IN-CHARGE
Introduction:
the stated purpose.

Thank You.
86
Guide 1: Health Facility In-charge

Now we are going to discuss health issues affecting young persons in this community. This

a) What health issues affecting young persons do you mainly attend to in this health
facility?
b) In your catchment area, how common are the health issues that you mentioned? Why do
you say so?
Probe for SRH problems e.g. teenage or unplanned pregnancy, HIV, STIs, SGBV,
mental health
c) How do these issues affect the young persons in this facilitys catchment area?
2.
Access and availability of health information and services

a) What health information and services targeting young people does this facility provide?
b) What is the level of utilization of these services by young persons in this facilitys
catchment area?
Probe are SRH information and services in this facility, including FP, available and
accessible to young persons in your catchment area? Explain your answer
c) Are the health information and services in this facility available to marginalized and
vulnerable young persons in your catchment area? Explain the level of utilization
d) What challenges do young persons in this facilitys catchment area face in accessing
health information and services?
Probe for factors which act as barriers for young persons- the health providers
attitude, and the facility infrastructure, the community, costs, time, and their fears.
e) Do you provide youth friendly services? If YES describe the services.
NOTE: Fill check list
3. Organizations providing youth services

a) Do you have partnerships with other organizations that provide health information
and services to young persons in your catchment area? If YES
87
Probe which organizations?

b) What is the nature of the partnership?
Probe what health information and services do they provide?
c) Have these partnerships helped to improve the health of young persons in your
catchment area? Explain your answer
Probe for increase in uptake of health services, behavior change etc.
4. Opportunities to improve the health of young persons
a) What successes have you had in addressing the health of young persons in your
catchment area?
b) What challenges do you face in your facility in addressing the health issues affecting
young persons?
Probe for factors which act as barriers for young persons- the health providers,
and the facility infrastructure, cost, time
c) What do you think needs to be done in your facility and catchment area to effectively
address the health issues faced by young persons?
a) What is your view about the growing population of young persons in this county?
Probe the population growth in relation to provision of health services
b) Do you think there is need to do something about the growing population of young
persons in this catchment? If YES probe what needs to be done and If NO probe why?
88
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE 2: MANAGER IN-CHARGE YOUTH

ORGANIZATION
Introduction:
the stated purpose.

Thank You.
89
Guide 2: Manager In-charge Youth Organization

Now we are going to discuss health issues affecting young persons in this community. This

a) What health issues affecting young persons does this organization address?
Probe for SRH problems e.g. teenage/unplanned pregnancy, HIV, STIs, SGBV,
Mental health
b) In your operation area, how common are the health issues that you mentioned? Why do
you say so?
c) How do these issues affect the young persons in your operation area?
2. Access and availability of health information and services
a) What health information and services targeting young people does this facility
specifically provide? (Refer for health issues mentioned in 1(a))
b) What is the level of utilization of these services by young persons in this facilitys
catchment area? Probe why do you say so?
c) Are the health information and services provided by this facility available to marginalized
and vulnerable young persons in your operation area? If yes, how so?
d) What challenges do young persons in this facilitys catchment area face in accessing
health information and services?
f) Does this facility provide youth friendly services? If YES describe the services. (NOTE:
Fill check list)
90
3. Organizations providing health information and services to young people

a) Do you have partnerships with other organizations that provide health information
and services to young persons in your operation area? If YES
Probe what health information and services do they provide?
c) Have these partnerships helped to improve the health of young persons in your
operation area? Explain your answer
Probe for increase in uptake of health services, behavior change etc.
4. Opportunities to improve the health of young persons

a) Are young people involved in the implementation of this facilitys activities?
If yes, probe how are they involved? Probe Can they be more involved?
b) What success have you had in addressing the health issues of young persons in this
facilitys catchment area?
c) What challenges do you face in addressing the health issues affecting young persons in
this facilitys catchment area?
d) What are you doing to address these challenges?
e) What more do you think needs to be done to effectively address the health issues faced by
young persons in this facilitys catchment area?
Probe the population growth in relation to provision of health services
persons in this catchment area? If YES probe what needs to be done and If NO probe
why?
91

MODULE 2 EDUCATION
NOTE: To be administered to the following:1. Primary School with Pre-primary School heads (1 public or 1
private)
2. Secondary School Principals (1 public or 1 private)
3. Tertiary Institutions University dean of student (1)
4. TIVET (1) or College (1)
92
INTRODUCTION
Health (MOH), Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MoEST), Kenya National
Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Directorate of Youth and other partners to carry out a survey on
the stated purpose.
Thank You.
93
Now we are going to discuss education and training issues affecting young persons in
primary/secondary/tertiary institutions in this county. This discussion will help us understand the
current local status of education and training and how these can be improved in order to
contribute to development
1. Issues affecting education

a) What are the issues affecting the education of pupils/students in this learning institution?
Probe for enrolments, gender disparities, school drop-outs, infrastructure, teaching

staff absenteeism and shortage, Drug & Substance Abuse and reasons for use
b) How common are these issues?
How does it affect the learning of pupils/students
What is being done to address these issues?

a. What are your views about the availability and accessibility of tertiary institutions in this
community/county?
b.
special needs?

c.
d.

Are there differences between males and females in accessing tertiary institutions? If YES,

94
3. Access to ICT services and Capacities in the Education sector

a) What ICT facilities and services are available in this learning institution?
Probe for computer lessons
b) How adequate are learning facilities in this school?
Probe for classrooms, dormitories, laboratories, water and sanitation (Note condition
in check list)
4. For Tertiary Institutions - What are your views about the content of the curricular taught in
the learning institutions and the requirement in the prevailing job market
Probe what you would recommend to improve the linkage between the labour market
required and what is offered in the training curriculum?
5. Organizations providing education and training services

a) Do you have partnerships with other organizations in enhancing education and
building the skills of pupils/students in this institution? If YES
b) What is the nature of the partnership? Which areas do you partner with them?
Probe for Life skills
Counseling
School health talks
Post-rape care and
Referrals
c) How have these partnerships helped the pupils/students in this learning institution?
d) How can this partnership be improved?
6. Opportunities to improve the education of young persons
a) Which strategies and programs are in place to improve education in this institution?
Probe what challenges do you face in implementing these strategies?
b) What more do you think needs to be done to effectively improve education?
a) What is your view about the growing population of young persons in this county?
Probe the population growth in relation to provision of education services
95
b) Do you think there is need to do something about the growing population of young
Reference notes for RAs (Definitions for 4 (b) above)

Life Skills: Goal setting, Decision making, Negotiation, Moral values, Assertiveness,
Communication skills.
Counselling: Sexuality, Growing up, Relationships, Abstinence, Pregnancy, STIs and

HIV/AIDS, VCT, Substance and Drug abuse, Contraception, Careers, Self-esteem Nutrition,
Male involvement in RH, Parenting, Ante and post-natal care, Skilled attendance.
School health talks: Personal hygiene, Sexuality and growing up, Reproductive Health, STDPrevention, HIV-AIDS Prevention, Rape Prevention, Communication skills.
96
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW GUIDE 3: VOCATIONAL TRAINING

INSTITUTIONS
We are going to discuss vocational training issues affecting young persons in this
community/county. This discussion will help us understand the existing vocational training
opportunities and how these can be improved in order to contribute to economic development.
1. Issues affecting access to vocational training among young persons
a. What are the common issues affecting young persons in accessing vocational training
opportunities?
Probe for cost, attitude, availability of training institutions and relevant resources
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
(equipment, trainers)
What courses are offered in this institution?
Are there gender disparities in course enrollment?
Probe why?
What is being done to address this?
What is your opinion about the skills imparted and the labour market requirements?
Are there support programmes for students pursuing vocational training in the county?
Probe for bursaries, CDF, sponsorships
2. Access to ICT services and Capacities in the vocational institutions

a) What ICT facilities and services are available in this institution?
Probe for computer lessons, ressource centres, libraries
a) How adequate are ICT facilities in this Institution?
Probe for, computer laboratories, internet connectivity, cyber cafes,
3. Potential areas to increase vocational training opportunities
a. What courses are required at the job market but not offered in institutions like this?
b. What are the opportunities for students in these institutions to acquire skills through
internships, apprenticeship, attachment and mentorship in the county
c. Are there partnerships with other institutions to expand opportunities in training and skill
development IF YES, probe for areas of partnership? (Exchange programmes, internships,
on-job training, attachment)
Probe the population growth in relation to education
97
98

MODULE 3 ECONOMIC
NOTE: To be administered to the following:1. Enterprise Development Fund Representative (UWEZO, YDF,
WEF etc)
99
INTRODUCTION
Health (MOH), Ministry of Education Science and Technology (MoEST), Kenya National
Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Directorate of Youth and other partners to carry out a survey on
the stated purpose.
Thank You.
100
IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW GUIDE 1: ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT FUND

REPRESENTATIVE
1.
Issues affecting self-employment opportunities and income opportunities for Young

Persons
a)
What are the main issues affecting young persons in accessing income generating
opportunities in this county?
Probe: How common are these issues
2.
Availability and Access to income generating opportunities
a)
Which are the main sectors that provide income generating opportunities for young people
in this county?
b) What challenges do young persons have in starting and operating income generating
opportunities?
Probe for capital or funding, probe on the situation of taxation, registration, security,
legal, community cohesion and business ethics, information on business opportunities
Probe for management and entrepreneurship skills
Probe for attitude towards self employment
c) Which are the available market opportunities for goods and services in the county?
Probe for goods and services produced by the youth.
d) What challenges do the youth encounter in accessing market for their goods and services
e) How can these challenges be addressed?
f) Are there gender issues influencing access to employment and IGAs opportunities among
the youth? If yes Explain
3.
Access and Availability of ICT facilities and services

a) What ICT services and facilities are available for young persons in the county?
b) How are the young people using available ICT facilities and services to enhance
incoming generating activities?
c) What challenges are young people facing in access and use of ICT facilities and services
in this county?
101
d) What can be done to improve access to ICT facilities and services in enhancing IGAs in
this county?
4.
Organizations (public and private) addressing economic opportunities for the youths
a) Do you have partnerships with other organizations that provide economic empowerment to
young persons in this county? If YES
Probe what economic empowerment services they provide?
c) Have these partnerships helped to improve the economic status of the young persons in this
county? Explain your answer
5.
Opportunities to promote self-employment

a) Which sectors have the potential to provide more income generating opportunities for
young persons in this county
Probe for specific areas.
b) What more needs to be done to enhance the economic empowerment of youth in this
county?
6.
Population Structure
a)
What is your view about the growing population of young persons in this county?
Probe the population growth in relation to economic development and job creation
b) Do you think there is need to do something about the growing population of young persons
INDEPTH INTERVIEW GUIDE 2: LEADING EMPLOYER

1. Issues affecting employment prospects of young persons
102
a.
What would you say are the common issues affecting the employment prospects of young
persons in this county? (Note to RAs, it could include the same organization).
b.
What are the perceptions of employers towards employing young persons in this county
Probe for skills versus labour market requirements
c.
How can the issues affecting the employment prospects of young persons in this county be
addressed?
2. Availability and access of employment opportunities

a. How would you describe the availability of jobs for young persons in this county?
Probe for the major sectors that offer employment to young persons
b. Are there gender issues influencing access to employment by young persons in this county?
If yes, explain
c. What do you think is the role of ICT in employment creation?
d. How would you describe the level of ICT skills of young persons and employment prospects
in this county? (note to RA, if it does not come out as an issue in 1)
3. Organizations (public and private) addressing employment opportunities for young
persons
b.
What are the available opportunities in this organization for internship, attachment,
apprenticeships, and mentorship that help young persons access employment opportunities?
c. Have these opportunities succeeded in helping young persons access employment?
4. Potential areas that can increase employment opportunities
a. In your opinion, what needs to be done to increase employment opportunities and prospects
for young persons in this county?
(Note to RA, Probe for specific actions).
5
Population Structure
c)
What is your view about the growing population of young persons in this county?
Probe the population growth in relation to economic development and job creation
d) Do you think there is need to do something about the growing population of young persons
103
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL ADOLESCENTS AND

YOUTH SURVEY
OBSERVATION GUIDE AND CHECK LIST
March 2015
104
MODULES: HEALTH, EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC

HEALTH MODULE - OBSERVATION GUIDE FOR YOUTH FRIENDLY SERVICES
NAME OF FACILITY:
PROVIDERS AND STAFF
COUNTY:
Characteristics
Yes
No Comments
Yes
No Comments
Yes
No Comments
Staff is friendly and responsive to youth clients

Staff is respectful to and ensures privacy of youth clients
Counselors spend adequate time with youth clients (15 minutes)
Medical providers spend adequate time with youth clients
(20 minutes)
Information on need for and timing of follow up visits(s) is
provided and clear (check appointment book)
Peer counselors available
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Characteristics
Service Charter is available/displayed
Guidelines on Youth Friendly Services available
Youth drop-ins are welcome and accommodated (for drop-ins only)
Service are offered to both young male and female clients
Facility provides informational and/or audiovisual materials on
RH services and concerns of youth clients.
Group talks/discussions available
Service are linked to other youth services/organizations/groups
Referrals available (check referral books)
Cost of RH services (free services)
ENVIRONMENT AND FACILITIES
Characteristics
ARH services are provided at convenient (and separate) hours for
youth clients
105
Dcor and surroundings are inviting to youth clients (i.e., nonmedical)

Counseling and examination rooms ensure privacy for youth clients
Facility conveniently located for youth easy access
Education materials are displayed and available to youth clients
to take away
106
EDUCATION MODULE - OBSERVATION GUIDE
LEARNING INSTITUTIONS SERVICE PROVIDERS

Characteristics
NAME OF THE SCHOOL/LEARNING INSTITUTION
COUNTY
Time the students/pupils expected to be in school/learning institution
Time
Time the students/pupils expected to leave school/learning institution
Time
Characteristics
Yes
No
Comments
Yes
No
Comments
Yes
No
Comments
Students/pupils reach on time in school/learning institution

Class attendance Register (Marked)
Teacher attendance register (Marked)
Life skills is taught
Class
Life skills is taught from which class
Form
Is timetable available in class

Life skills included in class time table
Teacher/Student Ratio
Female/Male disparity
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Characteristics
Education polices & service guidelines available
(Indicate the documents seen)
ENVIRONMENT AND FACILITIES

Characteristics
107
Observe the state of classrooms. Are they in good state?

Observe the state of administration block. Is it in good state?
Observe the state of latrines/toilets. Are they in good state?
Observe the state of the laboratories. Are the laboratories, libraries
available? Check for lab equipment, cabinets, gas cylinders,
Check for book shelves, books
Observe the state of the dormitories (Are they congested?)
Check for doors opening to the outside, grills, cleanliness,
108
CHECK LIST FOR THE YOUTH SERVING ORGANIZATIONS
HEALTH MODULE: CHECK LIST FOR YOUTH SERVING ORGANIZATIONS

Name of the Organization
Type of organization
Contact person and telephone
Location (Constituency and County)
Address (Mail and/or email)
Types of Health services/programs offered
Geographical coverage (the reach)

Target population (Number,
marginalized and vulnerable)
age,
gender,
Number of young people served

Duration that the organization has been in
operation
Project(s)/Programme(s) duration
Sources(s) of funding
109
EDUCATION MODULE: CHECK LIST FOR YOUTH SERVING ORGANIZATIONS

Types of Education services/program offered

age,
gender,

operation
ECONOMIC MODULE: CHECK LIST FOR YOUTH SERVING ORGANIZATIONS

110

Types of Economic services/program offered

age,
gender,

operation
111
112

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NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR POPULATION AND

2015 NATIONAL ADOLESCENT AND YOUTH SURVEY

AGES 20-24 YEARS........................................................33

AGES 25-34 YEARS........................................................45

Educational attainment for all children will increase to an average of 16 years

90 percent of the working age population will be employed

What potential for a demographic dividend exits in each of the 47 counties?

What specific investment opportunities that can accelerate achievement of the

Identify investment opportunities in the key sectors in each county

Provide policy and programme recommendations from the survey findings

Rapid capacity assessment and check list of youth-serving organizations

Focus group discussions with young persons

In-depth interviews with service providers in Health, Education, Economic and

Case studies with individuals/organizations with exceptional experiences

Table 1: Application of Data Collection Tools per County

Key Informant Interviews (KIIs)

In depth Interviews (IDIs)

1. Health Facility In-charge

1. Primary School with Pre-primary

1. Enterprise Development Fund

All sectors - Young Persons

Young Persons FGD Age 1519

(1 Male and 1Female in

Young Persons (20-24)

Young Persons (25-34)

Older Persons 35-60 Years

YSOs (Health, Education,

Manager In-charge of Youth Serving Organization in Health

Checklists/ Profile of Youth Serving Organizations (YSOs)

Garrisa, Wajir, Mandera

Meru, Embu, TharakaNithi

Kitui, Makueni, Machakos

North Rift (1)

Trans Nzoia, West Pokot, Turkana,

North Rift (2)

UasinGishu, Elgeiyo Marakwet, Nandi

Nakuru, Kericho, Bomet, Baringo

Kajiado, Narok, Samburu

Kakamega, Vihiga, Bungoma, Busia

11. Nyanza South

Kisii, Nyamira, Migori (Kuria)

12. Nyanza North

Kisumu, Siaya, Homa Bay, Migori (Luo)

13. Central (1)

Kiambu, Muranga, Kirinyaga,

Nyeri, Nyandarua, Laikipia

15. Coast Region (1)

Mombasa, Kwale, TaitaTaveta,

16. Coast Region (2)

Tana River, Lamu, Kilifi

understanding of the subject of discussion. Specifically, the moderator will perfrom

Be familiar with the topic

Prepare well for the topic

Prepare the equipments

Practice the interview

Practice using the equipments

Use nice tone

Seek their consent to tape record

Be a careful observer and record non verbal

Take verbatim notes

Take good quotes

Use the standard form in annex

Record participant identifiers

Consent given by School Management YES___NO_(Tick)

Consent given by School Management YES_NO_(Tick)