INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART

13.82
15.97
20.44

Ypresian

Danian

56.0
59.2
61.6

Capitanian

66.0

Campanian
83.6 0.2
86.3 0.5

Turonian
93.9

Cenomanian
100.5

Albian
~ 113.0

Aptian
~ 125.0

Lower

Barremian
Hauterivian

~ 129.4
~ 132.9

Valanginian
~ 139.8

Berriasian

~ 145.0

Wordian
Roadian
Kungurian

Cisuralian

Paleozoic

89.8 0.3

Guadalupian

Middle

247.2
251.2
252.2 0.5
254.2 0.1
259.9 0.4
265.1 0.4
268.8 0.5

Asselian
Gzhelian
Kasimovian
Moscovian
Bashkirian

Upper

Serpukhovian

Middle

Visean

Upper

423.0 2.3
425.6 0.9
427.4 0.5
430.5 0.7
433.4 0.8

Katian
458.4 0.9

Stage 10

485.4 1.9

Furongian

298.9 0.2

Series 3

Jiangshanian
Paibian
Guzhangian
Drumian

~ 489.5
~ 494
~ 497
~ 500.5
~ 504.5

Stage 5
~ 509

Stage 4
~ 514

Series 2

~ 521

Stage 2

1800

Paleoproterozoic

Orosirian
2050

Rhyacian
2300

Siderian
Neoarchean

2500

Mesoarchean
3200

Paleoarchean
3600

Eoarchean

Hadean
~ 4600
Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by Global
Boundary Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lower
boundaries, including those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long
defined by Global Standard Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Charts
and detailed information on ratified GSSPs are available at the
website http://www.stratigraphy.org
Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in
the Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries
in the Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained
numerical ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided.
Numerical ages for all systems except Triassic, Cretaceous and
Precambrian are taken from A Geologic Time Scale 2012 by
Gradstein et al. (2012); those for the Triassic and Cretaceous were
provided by the relevant ICS subcommissions.

Coloring follows the Commission for the

Geological Map of the World. http://www.ccgm.org

~ 529

Terreneuvian

Chart drafted by K.M. Cohen, S. Finney, P.L. Gibbard

(c) International Commission on Stratigraphy, August 2012

Fortunian
358.9 0.4

1600

Statherian

Stage 3

330.9 0.2

Tournaisian

1400

Calymmian

4000
467.3 1.1
470.0 1.4
477.7 1.4

290.1 0.1

323.2 0.4

Ectasian

Floian
Tremadocian

303.7 0.1
307.0 0.1

1200

Mesoproterozoic

Darriwilian

Lower

295.5 0.4

Stenian

453.0 0.7

Dapingian

850

2800
438.5 1.1
440.8 1.2
443.4 1.5
445.2 1.4

Sandbian
Middle

GSSP
GSSA

GSSP

Eo
no
t
Er hem
ath
/
em Eon
Sy
ste / Era
m
/P
eri
od

Llandovery

Ludfordian
Gorstian
Homerian
Sheinwoodian
Telychian
Aeronian
Rhuddanian
Hirnantian

279.3 0.6

346.7 0.4

Lower

Wenlock

272.3 0.5

315.2 0.2

Lower

Ludlow

Artinskian
Sakmarian

Upper

~ 242

407.6 2.6
410.8 2.8
419.2 3.2

~ 235

Lopingian

72.1 0.2

Santonian
Coniacian

Carnian

Anisian
Olenekian
Induan
Changhsingian
Wuchiapingian

Pragian

Pridoli

Norian

Ladinian

Eifelian

Lochkovian

199.3 0.3
201.3 0.2

~ 228

Lower

Maastrichtian

Upper

Upper

Middle

Permian

Paleocene

Thanetian
Selandian

Sinemurian

Phanerozoic

Paleogene

Lutetian
47.8

Mesozoic
Cretaceous

Phanerozoic

Eocene

Lower

190.8 1.0

Hettangian

387.7 0.8

Emsian

~ 208.5

33.9

Bartonian

Lower

~ 635

1000

393.3 1.2

Pliensbachian

Rhaetian

28.1

38.0
41.3

Givetian

~ 541

Tonian

382.7 1.6

Middle

numerical
age (Ma)

Cryogenian

Frasnian

182.7 0.7

23.03

Rupelian
Priabonian

Toarcian

372.2 1.6

Proterozoic

11.62

Upper

Neoproterozoic

Archean

7.246

Ediacaran

Famennian

157.3 1.0

174.1 1.0

Eonothem
/ Eon Erathem / Era System / Period

358.9 0.4

152.1 0.9

163.5 1.0
166.1 1.2
168.3 1.3
170.3 1.4

numerical
age (Ma)

Precambrian

5.333

Middle

Stage / Age

145.0 0.8

Devonian

Jurassic

2.588
3.600

GSSP

Eo
no
t
Er hem
ath
/
em Eon
Sy
/
Er
s te
a
m
/P
eri
od

1.806

Oxfordian
Callovian
Bathonian
Bajocian
Aalenian

Series / Epoch

Silurian

Oligocene

0.781

Kimmeridgian

numerical
age (Ma)

Cambrian

Chattian

Stage / Age

Phanerozoic
Paleozoic
Ordovician

Aquitanian

Upper

Mississippian Pennsylvanian

Serravallian
Langhian
Burdigalian

International Commission on Stratigraphy

August 2012

Tithonian

0.0117
0.126

Triassic

Upper
Middle
Calabrian
Gelasian
Piacenzian
Zanclean
Messinian
Tortonian

Miocene

Series / Epoch

Carboniferous

Pleistocene

numerical
age (Ma)
present

Holocene

Pliocene

Cenozoic
Neogene

Stage / Age

Mesozoic

Quaternary

Series / Epoch

GSSP

Eo
no
t
Er hem
ath
/
em Eon
Sy
/
Er
s te
a
m
/P
eri
od

www.stratigraphy.org

541.0 1.0