QUARTERLY EXAMINATION IN EARTH

SCIENCE SY 2022-2023

Instructions: Read each question carefully and shade the correct answer in
the answer sheet provided to you. Do not write anything on this test questionnaire.

1. What do you call that process which exhibits the breaking down of
rocks on the earth’s surface that may cause changes in its composition?
A. Erosion
B. Deposition
C. Mass wasting
D. Weathering

2. Which of the following is NOT an example of mechanical weathering?

A. A growing plant root splits a rock.
B. Iron minerals in rocks turn brown and crumble.
C. Frozen water in rock cracks breaks the rock apart.
D. A bear kicks a rock over a ledge, causing it to break.

3. How does the process of physical weathering and erosion shape earth
landforms?
A. expanding the elevation of earth’s surface
B. decreasing the elevation of earth’s surface
C. bending rock layers near on earth surface
D. changing the composition of earth’s surface

4. A marble statue of our national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal that is situated in
your hometown Plaza is left exposed to the weather. Within a few years, the
details on the statue have begun to weather away. What is the probable
cause of this weathering?
A. Abrasion
B. Lichens
C. Oxygen in the air
D. Carbonic acid in rainwater

5. What heat transfer of fluid in the Earth’s interior results to the movement
of rocky mantle up to the surface?
A. Radiation
B. Insolation
C. Conduction
D. Convection current

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
6. Why does radioactive decay play a very important role in earth’s internal
heat?
I. Radioactive element can be found anywhere in the planet.
II. When radioactive element decays, it produces heat.
III. Spontaneous nuclear disintegration of radioactive elements produced
thermal energy.
IV. Earth’s geosphere is constantly moving and changing, and the energy for
all that movement comes from Earth’s internal heat.

A. I, II only
B. I, III only
C. I, II, III only
D. I, II, III, IV

7. Your father just got a promotion and his already high salary was even
doubled but you family had to move to Camiguin island several kilometers
away from Mount Hibok-hibok which is an active volcano. Having known
that you live near an active volcano, what information should you know and
preparations should you take in case the volcano will show signs of eruption?
A. Interview local community folks in the island about the past eruptions
of the volcano and asked what they did.
B. Check out the website of PHILVOLCS and read on the past eruption
history of Mt. Hibok-Hibok from your local library.
C. Search the internet or other resources for pertinint data about Mt.
Hibok-Hibok, talk to long-time residents or officials in the area, and
discuss with your family a possible volcanic disaster preparedness
plan.
D. Be prepared for a possible volcanic eruption by keeping and regularly
maintaining a bag of clothes, footwear, non-perishable goods, bottled
water, toiletries, flashlight, batteries, and cash which is always ready to
carry anytime.

8. Which of the following transformations is directly related to pressure in

producing metamorphic rocks?
A. formation of foliation
B. change mineralogical in the rock
C. the increasing size of mineral crystals
D. change in mineral composition of the rock

9. Rigel argued with his classmates that the rock that he found in the campsite
near the foot of the Taal volcano was a metamorphic rock. Others claimed that it
was a volcanic rock because it was found near a volcano hence, an igneous rock.
What features of the rock would have convinced Rigel that it was a metamorphic
rock and not an igneous rock?
A. The minerals in rocks are almost invisible to be seen.
B. The rock contains bits of old shells of snails and wood.
C. The surface of the rock has holes similar to Swiss cheese.
D. The rock contains interlocking and large crystals of minerals compared to
minerals found in igneous rocks.

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
10. What process contributes to the metamorphism of oceanic crust at a spreading
ridge?
A. Dissolved minerals in the confined water within the rocks react with heat
and trigger chemical reactions.
B. Minerals present in the ocean water percolate through the rocks and
get deposited within while replacing other minerals.
C. The heat coming out from hydrothermal vents under the ocean heats up
the rock and forms recrystallization of the original mineral content of the
rock.
D. Interaction of plates below the spreading oceanic crust creates horizontal
movements and deforms the rocks within leading to formations of
foliations and cracks.

11. What sequence of rock types will shale pass through with successively
higher grades of metamorphism?
A. Shale, phyllite, gneiss, slate, schist, partial melting
B. Shale, phyllite, slate, schist, gneiss, partial melting
C. Shale, slate, phyllite, gneiss, schist, partial melting
D. Shale, slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss, partial melting

12. What type of fold is formed when a compressive stress resulted to a

landmass?
A. Incline
B. Anticline
C. Syncline
D. Monocline

13. Mountains are a result of high-impact stress caused when two plates
collided. What kind of stress caused it to form?
A. Rock stress
B. Shear stress
C. Tensional stress
D. Compressional stress

14. Which of the following conditions would favor folding rather than
faulting?
A. low temperatures and low confining pressures B.
low temperatures and high confining pressures C.
high temperatures and low confining pressures D.
high temperatures and high confining pressures

15. A sample of marble has deformed as a brittle substance during a laboratory

experiment. If we wish our next sample of marble to deform plastically rather
than as a brittle substance, at what condition we should set the next
experiment?
A. lower temperatures and lower confining pressures B.
lower temperatures and higher confining pressures C.
higher temperatures and lower confining pressures D.
higher temperatures and higher confining pressures

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
16. Mr. Alvarez wants to make a research about the magnetic property of the sea
floor. One day he joined his friend in making a research. He noticed that he
used a device that detects magnetic field. What do you call that instrument?
A. Sonar
B. Seismometer
C. Magnetometer
D. Geologist’s compass

17. Why do abyssal plains do not occur often in the Pacific Ocean?
A. Abyssal plains do occur often in the Pacific Ocean
B. Abyssal plains occur only in Earth’s eastern hemisphere
C. Turbidity currents travel directly down the continental margin and
deposit sediment
D. The deep ocean trenches of the Pacific Ocean act like gutters that trap
sediment transported off the land by turbidity currents

18. Study the ocean structure below.

Figure 1. Ocean Structure

https://bit.ly/3hLATPV

Which do you think is created when converging crustal plates subducting back
into Earth’s mantle?
A. Continental rise
B. Turbidity currents
C. Submarine canyon
D. Deep-ocean trench

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
19. The San Andreas Fault System is a continental transform fault that extends
roughly 1,200 kilometers (750 mi) through California. It forms the tectonic
boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate . How would
you describe the geologic process on how it was formed?

Figure 2. San Andreas Fault

https://bit.ly/3CpUTAQ

A. Hot Spot resulting from intensely hot area in the mantle below Earth's
crust.
B. Divergent Plate Boundary resulting from two tectonic plates moving away
from each other.
C. It is a transform-plate boundary resulting from two plates sliding past
each other, horizontally
D. It is a convergent plate boundary resulting from two tectonic plates
moving toward each other

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
20. How can you infer the difference between a guyot and a seamount in the figure
below?

Figure 3. Guyot (left) and Seamount

(right)
https://bit.ly/3HQ8eDY

A. Seamount have been weathered by wave and becomes a guyot, a cone

shaped volcano
B. Guyots at one point reached the surface and was eroded away by wind
and waves but seamount kept its mountain-like shape
C. Seamounts at one point reached the surface and was eroded away
by wind and waves but guyots kept its mountain like shape
D. Seamounts are cone shaped volcanoes, and biologically, that would
scientifically confirm that there is no difference from guyots

21. What name did Wegener gave to his proposed single supercontinent?
A. Eurasia
B. Laurasia
C. Pangaea
D. Gondwanaland

22. Which of the following facts shows how folds occur?

A. It forms from subducting plates
B. It occurs when a flat surface bent
C. Occur when plates moving alongside and toward to each other
D. Occur when plates moving alongside and away from each other

23. Your parents have decided to visit your grandparents in Batangas. You’ve
searched in google the different tourist spots and you read across about
Lubang fault line which is underwater and estimated to start off the tip of the
Calatagan Peninsula and runs across Balayan and Batangas Bays. What can
you say about the formation of the fault line?
A. Two plates moving above each other
B. Two plates moving toward each other
C. Two plates moving away from each other
D. Two plates that are moving past each other

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
24. What geological features could result out of the direction of two oceanic
plates as indicated on figure 4 below?

Figure 4. Diverging Two Oceanic Plates

https://bit.ly/35TYb3j

A. Mountain ranges and rift valleys

B. Mountain and mountain ranges
C. Mid oceanic ridges, volcanoes & young lava flows
D. Mid oceanic ridges, volcanoes, rift valleys and mountain ranges

25. It is a well-known fact that when two tectonic plates collide, the
continental crust usually rises over the oceanic crust as shown in the
figure below. What inference could be used to support the geologic
process?

Figure 5. Oceanic Crust and Continental Crust

https://bit.ly/3CCYg81

A. Oceanic crust is thicker than continental crust

B. Continental crust is thinner than continental crust
C. Oceanic crust is typically denser than continental crust
D. Continental crust is typically denser than oceanic crust

26. Which of the following is a process that creates the sediments that form
sedimentary rock?
A. Continents pushing together to fold layers of rock
B. Heat from the earth melting rock below the surface
C. Volcanoes putting out lava that cools to form new rock
D. Wind, water, and ice breaking rock into smaller pieces

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
27. Which of the following describes the formation of sedimentary rocks in
the correct order?
A. Weathering, Cementation, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction
B. Weathering, Deposition, Erosion, Compaction, Cementation
C. Weathering, Erosion, Compaction, Deposition,
Cementation D. Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction,
Cementation

28. The diagram below shows a drill core of sediment that was taken from
the bottom of a lake.

Figure 6. Drill Core of Sediments

https://bit.ly/3GXHosT

Which groups of rock would most likely form from compaction and cementation of
these sediments?
A. Shale and coal
B. Breccia and rock salt
C. Sandstone and limestone
D. Conglomerate and siltstone

29. Which of the statements best describes the processes of weathering and
erosion?
A. Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the amount of water
in a river that transports sediments to the sea.
B. Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the transportation,
deposition and compaction of loose sediments on the seafloor
C. Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for depositing loose
sediments on the bottom of the ocean, forming layers of sediment
D. Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the breakdown of any
type of rock into smaller particles and the carrying away of the loose
sediments

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
30. You are tasked to explain why marine sedimentary rocks containing
fossils 10 million years in age have been found at elevations of 3500 m
(11,500 feet) in the Caucasus Mountains. What do you think your
explanation most likely for ocean sediments to be found at this
elevation?
A. Marine organisms have evolved to live in mountainous regions.
B. Sea level has dropped 4 kilometers in the last 10 million years.
C. The crust where the sediment was deposited has been uplifted.
D. Dense ocean basins have sunk to a deeper elevation over time.

31. What can be used to determine the relative ages of rock layers?
A. Fossils
B. Minerals
C. Living plants
D. Living animals

32. Radiometric dating, often called radioactive dating, is a technique used

to determine the age of materials such as rocks. What is being measured
in radiometric dating?
A. the amount of the parent isotope only
B. when the dated mineral became part of a sedimentary rock
C. the time of crystallization of a mineral containing an isotope
D. the time when the radioactive isotope formed, prior to being incorporated
into a mineral.

33. Assume that you have just examined several flat-lying sedimentary
layers. After much study you determine that there is a considerable
span of time for which no sedimentary rock layer exists at this site.
What have you just discovered?
A. disconformity
B. angular unconformity
C. series of conformable strata
D. example of cross-cutting relationships

34. An igneous rock intrudes into three tilted layers of sedimentary rock.
How would you arrange the chronological order of geological formation of
rocks based on relative dating method?
A. Rule of inclusions, law of superposition, and cross-cutting relationships
B. Law of original horizontality, rule of inclusions, and law of superposition
C. Law of superposition, cross-cutting relationships, and law of original
horizontality
D. Law of original horizontality, rule of original lateral continuity, and rule of
inclusions

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
35. If you are a geologist, how does the principle of faunal succession allow you to
correlate rock strata in different geographic locations?
A. It states that layers of rock strata at different locations can be correlated
according to the unique set of fossils they contain.
B. It states that the fossils in rock strata are older than the rock layers,
allowing geologists to link younger and older layers across a region
C. It states that the evolution of fossils in one region should correlate with
the evolution of fossils through different rock strata in another region
D. It states that fossils within rock strata are mostly homogeneous,
suggesting that rock strata throughout a region should reveal similar sets
of fossils.

36. Geologic time is subdivided into hierarchical intervals. Which among the
subdivision is the largest?
A. Eon
B. Era
C. Epoch
D. Period

37. The age of the Earth is based on the radioactive isotopic dating of
meteorites. How old is the Earth based on its history?
A. 4.3 billion years old
B. 4.4 billion years old
C. 4.5 billion years old
D. 4.6 billion years old

38. You are having your vacation then suddenly while on the road trip you
see this amazing rock formation shown in Figure 7 below. Which of the
following principles of relative dating is NOT used in determining
whether the rocks are of the same age?

Figure 7. Animasola Rock Formation in Masbate

https://www.san-andres.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/animasola2.jpg

A. Inclusion
B. Superposition
C. Lateral Continuity
D. Original Horizontality

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
39. Examine the sketches of fossils in Figure 8 given below. Each card
represents a particular rock layer with a collection of fossils that are
found in that particular rock stratum.

W X Y
Z

Figure 8: Fossils
https://esmaniottoart.tumblr.com/post/182378841890/undorosaurus-warmup-sketch-digital-sketch-2019

Which of the following sets of rock layers is correctly arranged from oldest to
youngest?
A. W-X-Y-Z
B. W-Y-X-Z
C. Y-W-Z-X
D. Y-W-X-Z

40. You have seen layers of rocks while having your vacation at your
grandparent’s place as shown in figure 9 below and you were curious
about the relative ages of the rocks. Which would generally NOT be
involved for you to determine the relative age of rock strata?

Figure 9: Rock Strata

https://quizlet.com/387889567/rock-layers-fossils-diagram/

A. Unconformities
B. Radioactive decay
C. Rule of superposition
D. Cross-cutting relationships

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
41. Which of the following methods is the most accurate to use in
determining the age of a fossil?
A. Relative dating
B. Fossil correlation
C. Law of superposition
D. Absolute/radiometric dating

42. Scientists uncover mammoth bones and can determine the amount of
carbon-14 in the bones. Which best explains the use of carbon-14 in
studying the mammoth?
A. It identifies the diet of the mammoth B.
It determines the age of the mammoth C. It
identifies the species of the mammoth
D. It determines the cause of death of the mammoth

43. Assuming that the work of your father is a miner. Every time he dug, he found
different types of fossils. What idea can you share with your father using
concepts of the law of superposition?
A. The deeper he digs, the more gold he had
B. The deeper he digs, the farther back in time
C. The deeper he digs, the more fossils could see
D. The deeper he digs, younger rocks would appear

44. Which conclusion can be made when observing fossils buried in a different
layer of rock?
A. Shallow layers are older fossils than the deeper layers
B. The deeper layers are older fossils than the shallow layers
C. The deeper layers are younger fossils than the shallow layers
D. Shallow layers are the same age fossils with the deeper layers

45. Index fossil is an abundant and easily identifiable fossil with a wide geographic
distribution and a short geologic range. Based on the figure below, which
animal fossils are considered index fossils?

Figure 10: Various Fossils in Layers

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fossils.png

A. Fern
B. Coral
C. Trilobite
D. Ammonite

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam
46. Which era were dinosaurs, small mammals, flowering plants, and birds
found?
A. Cenozoic
B. Mesozoic
C. Paleozoic
D. Quaternary

47. A fossil of an ancient fish was dug up along with fossilized leaves of fern-
like plants. In which environment was this fossil probably formed?
A. Hot jungle
B. Arctic sea
C. Hot dessert
D. Warm swamp

48. Suppose you are watching a movie about the Mesozoic era which was
entitled JURRASIC. What do you believe was the most significant
occurrence at the time?
A. First fish evolved
B. Dinosaurs roamed the land.
C. First Homo sapien appeared
D. The Pleistocene Ice Age began

49. The Paleozoic era began approximately 544 million years ago and lasted
approximately 300 million years, during which time global sea levels
raised and dropped. Allowing shallow waters to cover the continents,
allowing marine species such as marine invertebrates, fish, amphibians,
and reptiles to thrive. What is the explanation for the increasing
diversity of living forms in the early Paleozoic era?
A. Earth’s pole flipped
B. Earth’s crust formed
C. Earth’s environment became more stable
D. Earth’s atmosphere formed during this era

50. You found a Paleozoic organism in the mountains of the Sierra Madre
and the swamp area of Agusan Marsh. What conclusion can be made if
the fossil is found in both places?
A. The fossil was carried by glaciers.
B. The fossil was moved by the oceans.
C. The organism was capable of living in both areas.
D. The rock layers where the fossil was found were made of metamorphic
rock.

Test Curator: Sundae Carmel S. Basubas DepEd-Caraga

School: Siargao National Science High School Sukdanan
Email Address: sundae.basubas@deped.gov.ph Standardized Quarterly Exam