Sample/practice Exam 2 March 2014, Questions and

Answers
Planet Earth (University of Toronto)

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(Quiz 1 covers chapter 1, 2), (Quiz 2 is chapter 4,) (Quiz 6 is chap 19), (Quiz 10 is chapter 20) (+ the associated
lecture material, of course) and the Canadian environmental geology lecture (the last lecture).

Quiz 1

Why do plates diverge and sink?

a. ridge-push
b. slab-pull
c. trench-suction
d. all of the answers are correct

The lithosphere is .

a. only part of the mantle

b. the same as the crust
c. the crust and uppermost mantle
d. the layer beneath the crust

What would you most expect to find at continent-continent convergence?

a. island arc
b. continent-continent convergence is impossible
c. mountain belt
d. magmatic arc
e. mid-ocean ridge

The universe formed 4.5 billion years ago from debris left over following the Big Bang. True or false?

True

False
4.55 billion 3 million
years old. Humans have been on Earth for about years. For what
The Earth is about
0.067
percentage of the Earth’s lifetime have humans been on Earth ?

Seafloor spreading implies that seafloor rocks should be .

1. the same age throughout

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2. younger as water becomes colder

3. youngest on the continental shelf
4. youngest on the crest of mid-ocean ridges
5. younger toward the trench

The mesozoic southern supercontinent is called .

a. Gondwanaland
b. Laurasia
c. Glossopteris
d. Pangea

Please choose the best answer from the options below in order to fill in the blank. Geology developed as a
scientific discipline in the late eighteenth century as a result of .

1. New demands for resources.

2. William Smith proposing that a supercontinent called Pangea existed 250 Ma.
3. An increase in the skill level of map makers.
4. The appointment of Sir William Logan as the first director of the Canadian Geological Survey in 1842.

The Eastern coast of Canada is a passive continental margin. True or false?

True

False

The Hawaiian islands are thought to be the result of .

a. meteorite impact
b. ocean-ocean convergence
c. mantle plumes
d. subduction
e. mid-ocean ridge volcanics

The largest zone of Earth's interior by volume is the .

a. inner core

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b. mantle

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c. crust
d. outer core

Please fill in the blanks in this paragraph:

The Burgess Shale is exposed in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and contains some of the
world’s most important . They lived around years ago and consist of a remarkable
assemblage of arthropods, sponges, mollusks, worms and some of the earliest chordates. This diverse and
spectacular assemblage has allowed scientists to learn a great deal about the evolution of complex life forms
during
the ‘ explosion’.

The sliding of the sea floor beneath a continent or island arc is called .

a. rotation
b. subduction
c. polar wandering
d. tension

The San Andreas fault in California is a .

a. reverse fault
b. transform fault
c. normal fault
d. thrust fault

What would you most expect to find at ocean-continent convergence?

a. suture zone
b. magmatic arc
c. ocean-continent convergence is impossible
d. island arc
e. mid-ocean ridge

Please match the following SCIENTISTS with some of their MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS to the science of
geology. You may use each SCIENTIST as many or as few times as you wish.

B. created the first

comprehensive geological map of A. ALFRED WEGENER
Box_1.3.Fig_1.jpg.jpg

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 England in 1815
B. WILLIAM SMITH
Box_1.1.Fig_1.jpg.jpg
D. was the first to create C. J. TUZO WILSON
a systematic layout of the geology
of Canada Box_1.4.Fig_1.jpg.jpg
D. SIR WILLIAM LOGAN
Box_1.2.Fig_1.jpg.jpg
D. created an inventory of
Canada’s mineral resources

A. first proposed the concept

of continental drift
C. . His work on hot spots and
transform faults contributed
substantially to the development of
the plate tectonic theory.

Passive continental margins are created at .

a. divergent plate boundaries

b. transform faults
c. convergent plate boundaries
d. none of the other answers is correct

Please use the options below to fill in the blanks in this sentence. Rocks formed within the Earth are brought to

the surface by (choose these two answers in alphabetical order) and

forces. New sediments are formed as these rocks are broken down by surficial processes. Over time, sediments

become lithified and create rocks; these rocks may be buried and changed by the effects of

heat and to form rocks. Metamorphic rocks may partially melt to form

magma which produces rocks.

In cross-section, the plates are part of a rigid outer shell of the Earth called the .

a. asthenosphere
b. lithosphere
c. mantle
d. crust
One possible mechanism for plate tectonic drive is .

1. earthquake energy
2. Benioff drive
3. gravity sliding
4. meteor impacts
5. slab pull

The Morley-Vine-Matthews hypothesis provided a means to measure the rate of sea-floor motion. True
or false?

True

False

Please choose the best definition of GEOLOGY from the following list.

1. Geology is the scientific study of geologic maps.

2. Geology is the scientific study of petroleum reservoirs.
3. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth.
4. Geology is the scientific study of mines.

One kind of convergent plate boundary is .

1. mid ocean ridge convergence

2. continent–continent convergence
3. transform convergence
4. rift valley convergence

The sea floor is older than the earth. True or false?

True

False

Please match the following JOB TITLES with these descriptors of some possible job duties.
B. This person might integrate a number of digital sources of data including satellite
images, aerial photography, bathymetric surveys and data from sonar and seismic
 surveys. These data would then be manipulated using GIS and 3D modeling software.
C. This person might be hired for jobs relating to bridge construction, earthquake
resistance and slope stability.
A. This person must understand the three-dimensional layering of different sediment
types below the site and identify which layers contain and transmit contaminants.
D. This person might combine his analysis with geophysical data and broader
geological knowledge to produce a three dimensional picture of the subsurface
reservoir rocks.
E. One way to find success in this person's field would be to reconstruct former ice flow
directions to find the source of any gold particles he finds.

Please fill in the blanks in the following statements using the answers below. You may use each answer as many
explosion
times (or as few times) as you wish. Differentiation occurs when the accretion of ,
dense radioactive
gravitational and decay of isotopes causes extreme heating and
compression radioactive
partial of the Earth. materials such as iron and nickel then sink to
the centre of the planet and other materials such as silica and oxygen float to the surface.

2. a
1. b
3. c

The geosphere is part of a larger Earth system. Processes that operate within the Earth system are driven by
external and internal energy sources.

Earth's external energy source is driven by sun geothermal en

. Earth's internal energy source is driven by .

Is continental drift the theory that the Earth's lithosphere is broken into plates that are in motion?

Yes
No

Please fill in the blanks in the following sentence. The three major types of meteorites IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER
iron stony stony iron
are , and .
What would you most expect to find at ocean-ocean convergence?
 a. magmatic arc
b. mid oceanic ridge
c. suture zone
d. island arc
e. ocean-ocean convergence is impossible

An aulacogen is .

a. triple junction
b. graben
c. failed rift
d. a conical undersea mountain that rises 1000 m or more above the seafloor

Which of the following statements is the most correct?

1. The development of an oxygen-rich atmosphere led directly to the evolution of photosynthetic life forms.
2. Photosynthetic life first developed in the Holocene.
3. Volcanic eruptions led directly to the evolution of photosynthetic life.
4. Evolution of photosynthetic life forms allowed development of an oxygen-rich atmosphere.

core crust mantle

The three major concentric zones of the Earth’s interior are , , and . These are
one word answers and you MUST put them in alphabetical order to get credit.

Quiz 2
Three types of earthquakes could affect southwestern British Columbia. These are: + +
earthquakes.

a. subduction
b. Rayleigh wave
c. intraplate
d. crustal
e. S wave
f. Love wave
g. P wave

LITHOPROBE project has as its main objective:

a. drilling the world's deepest drill hole
b. studying the gas and mineralized waters that circulate through open fractures in the continental
crust
c. locating new areas in which to mine gold and other precious metals
d. understanding the major geological terranes in the Canadian Shield

Cascadia Subduction Zone

Most earthquakes in Canada occur along the . The
Vancouver
Canadian city at highest risk for earthquakes is .
Earthquakes in the Ottawa/St. Lawrence Rift areas are associated with
reactivation of faults associated w ith aulocogens
.

P waves are .
1. transverse
2. tensional
3. compressional
4. like rolling ocean waves

The ULVZ may be caused by the core partially melting overlying mantle rock.
Yes
No

Most of the continental crust is made of rock.

a. granite
b. limestone
 c. quartz
d. basalt
e. conglomerate

Most of the oceanic crust is made of rock.

a. limestone
b. quartz
c. granite
d. basalt
e. peridotite
f. conglomerate

The types of convergent boundaries are:

a. divergent, convergent, transform
b. ocean/ocean, ocean/continent, continent/continent
c. midoceanic ridge, spreading centre, continental rift
d. none of the above

0 2 points Save Please match the following set of geological characteristics with each of their resultant
magnetic anomalies.
2. Ore bodies

2. Igneous intrusions 1. Negative magnetic anomaly

2. Positive magnetic anomaly
3. No magnetic anomaly
2. Basement highs
1. Thick sedimentary fill over
grabens

The point within the Earth where seismic waves originate is called the .
a. epicentre
b. fold
c. fault scarp
d. focus

Why are most earthquakes generated in the crust and not in the mantle?
1. Mantle rocks store and release energy suddenly.
2. Most earthquakes are generated in the mantle.
 3. Stress and deformation cause mantle rocks to flow.
4. Rocks in the crust flow plastically.

Lithosphere is another name for crust.

Yes
No

P-w aves S-w aves

travel through both the inner and outer core whereas are thought to
basalt
only travel through the inner core. The oceanic crust is made of in the upper parts and
gabbro granitoid
in the lower parts. The continental crust is composed of rocks. The
ultramafic peridotite
upper mantle is composed of rocks such as . The P-wave
velocity zone
is found at the core/mantle boundary and it provides the size and shape of the core. The S-
shadow zone liquid
wave suggests that the outer core is .

Which one(s) of the following was/were not used to figure out the contents of the planet's core? Please
check as many as apply.
1. Iron-nickel meteorites
2. Diamonds
3. Magnetic field
4. Drilling
5. Seismic tomography
6. Density studies

Most earthquakes at convergent plate boundaries are .

a. all of the answers are true
b. deep focus
c. shallow focus
d. intermediate focus

Please match the following geological characteristics with the BEST choice for each of their
resultant gravity anomalies.
3. High density rock
1. Negative gravity anomaly
 1. Low density rock 2. No gravity anomaly
3. Ore bodies 3. Positive gravity anomaly
1. Ocean trenches
3. Regions above isostatic equilibrium
1. Regions below isostatic equilibrium

Most of the mantle is made up of .

a. conglomerate
b. shale
c. basalt
d. limestone
e. quartz
f. peridotite

Earthquake damage is caused by ground motion. Five (5) examples of the type of damage that is often
caused by earthquakes include: [d], [e], [f], [g] and [h].
1. fire
2. landslides
3. seismic sea wave
4. disease
5. land displacement
6. tsunami
7. liquefaction
8. flooding
9. toppled buildings
10. volcanic eruption

Geologists study the composition of the Earth's core using deep drill holes.
Yes
No

Please choose the observations from the list below that have been used to predict earthquakes.
1. elevation change
 2. magnetism
3. microseism
4. surface tilting
5. foreshocks
6. animal behaviour
7. geyser eruption
8. changes in rock properties
9. water levels in wells
10. radon emission

0.5 points Save Buildings which are (have) are the most resistant to seismic shaking.
1. heavy roofs and lots of stories tall
2. taller buildings
3. strong, flexible and light building materials
4. unreinforced block or brick building materials
9.3
The Indonesia/Sumatra earthquake and tsunami of December 26th, 2004 was of magnitude
. It
small amplitude
had a relatively in the open ocean but was amplified in shallow coastal waters
devastating low lying coastal communities. Inundation distance ranged from 250 m to more than
1 000
metres in Sri Lanka.

Please match the following terms with the BEST definition of each from the list below:
4. seismic tomography
1. the bending of seismic waves as they pass from
one material to another
7. seismic reflection 2. the study of ancient magnetic fields
3. very small changes in the planet's electric or
magnetic fields
9. Moho 4. uses earthquake waves to study a cross section
of the mantle
5. predicts that the higher a mountain range
10. lithosphere extends above sea level the deeper it extends
into the mantle
6. the rise of the surface after the removal of
8. asthenosphere glacial ice
7. the return of some of the energy of a seismic
wave to the Earth's surface after it bounces off a
5. isostatic adjustment rock boundary
8. the zone of weakness in the mantle on which
the
lithosphere
moves
 6. crustal rebound 9. the boundary that separates the crust from the
mantle
10. consists of the crust and uppermost mantle
3. magnetotellurics

1. seismic refraction

2. paleomagnetism

detect seismic waves by measuring ground motion. Machines which record these measurements
are called and the paper or digital records themselves are called .

a. seismogram, seismometer, seismograph

b. seismogram, seismograph, seismometer
c. seismograph, seismometer, seismogram
d. seismometer, seismograph, seismogram
e. seismometer, seismogram, seismograph
f. seismograph, seismogram, seismometer

What is the minimum number of seismic stations needed to determine the location of the epicentre of an
earthquake?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 5
e. 10

increasing increasing
At the core-mantle boundary we find seismic velocity, density and
increasing
temperature as we proceed toward the centre of the planet.
Quiz 6

Question 1 1 points Save

Where does most glacial ice originate?

Moraines.

Zone of accumulation.

Zone of wastage.

Snowline.

Underground springs.

Question 2 0.5 points Save

The Laurentian Ice Sheet was 3 km thick.

True

False

Question 3 0.5 points Save

The Toronto area contains a world famous record of past ice age and interglacial
climates.

True

False

Question 4 0.5 points Save

A tree trunk buried in sediment is a plant macrofossil

 True

False

Question 5 1 points Save

What term refers to a type of glacial erosion?

Calving.

Surging.

Plastic flow.

Basal slip.

Ablation.

Plucking.

Question 6 0.5 points Save

Coal requires a hot dry climate to form.

True

False

Question 7 0.5 points Save

The importance of astronomical variables in changing Earth’s climate was first

realized by Louis Agassiz

True

False

Question 8 0.5 points Save

Eccentricity refers to elongation of the earth’s orbit around the Sun T or

 True

False

Question 9 0.5 points Save

Long-term changes in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere reflect the formation and
breakup of supercontinents

True

False

Question 10 0.5 points Save

A moraine forms under an ice sheet

True

False

Question 11 1 points Save

Where do crevasses form in glaciers?

Where a glacier flows into a bay.

Where a glacier drags large rocks over bedrock.

Where a glacier is melting.

Where a glacier is subjected to tension.

Where pieces of ice break off of a glacier.

Question 12 1 points Save

What type of moraines form from the coalescing of two glaciers?

 Ground moraines.

Medial moraines.

Terminal moraines.

Recessional moraines.

Lateral moraines.

Question 13 0.5 points Save

The breakup of Pangea pushed North America southwards warming the continent after
60 Ma.

True

False

Question 14 0.5 points Save

Using astronomical variables, we can predict the beginning of the next ice age (if we
haven’t entirely changed the way in which climate changes).

True

False

Question 15 0.5 points Save

Does sea level reflect the formation and breakup of supercontinents?

Yes

No

Question 16 0.5 points Save

 The Don Valley Brickyard is world famous because it records the climatic transition from
the last interglacial to the last ice age.

True

False

Question 17 0.5 points Save

The movement of continents creates short-term changes in climate

True

False

Question 18 0.5 points Save

Astronomical variables have operated since the beginnings of the planet but are very
weak influences on climate.

True

False

Question 19 0.5 points Save

Whole margin leaves indicate cool conditions

True

False

Question 20 0.5 points Save

The study of paleoclimatology started with the discovery of a woolly mammoth found
in permafrost.
 True

False

Question 21 0.5 points Save

A ‘Heinrich event’ is an abrupt global cooling caused by the drainage of large glacial
lakes.

True

False

Question 22 0.5 points Save

The warmest part of our own interglacial is called the hypsithermal

True

False

Question 23 4.5 points Save

Match the features left by glaciation with their definitions (choose the BEST answer for
each):

D. Arêtes.

B.
A. Mounds of glacial debris.
Cirques.
B. Bowl-shaped depressions.
F. Drumlins.
C. Shallow lakes or ponds.
H. Erratics.
D. Sharp and jagged ridges.
E. Fjords.
E. Steep-sided ocean inlets.

I. Horns. F. Streamlined hills.

G. Scratches in bedrock.

A. Kames. H. Out-of-place boulders.

 I. Sharp mountain peaks.

G. Striations.

C. Tarns.

Question 24 1 points Save

Serrated leaves are typical of trees in a) cool or b) warm climates. a

warm climates

deserts

permafrost

cool climates

Question 25 1 points Save

What term refers to glacial melting below the snow line?

Plastic flow.

Calving.

Basal slip.

Surging.

Ablation.

Plucking.

Question 26 0.5 points Save

Foraminifera are small fossils found in marine sediments

 True

False

Question 27 0.5 points Save

We live in an interglacial called the Holocene.

True

False

Question 28 0.5 points Save

More recent glaciations are shorter and more frequent than earlier ones.

True

False

Question 29 0.5 points Save

The Mindel is a glaciation

True

False

Question 30 0.5 points Save

Till forms in deserts.

True

False

Question 31 1 points Save

During an ice age, sea level falls by:

 70 m

100 m

140 m

200 m

Question 32 3.5 points Save

Match each type of glacial deposit with its definition (choose the BEST answer).

C. Drift

A. Material left directly by glaciers.

F. Erratic B. Wind-blown glacial sediment.

C. A depositional glacial landform.

G. Loess D. All glacial sediment.

E. Stream-deposited glacial sediment.

A. Moraine F. A boulder dropped by a glacier.

G. Fine-ground glacial debris.

E. Outwash

B. Rock flour

D. Till

Question 33 1 points Save

What is glacial ice?

 A mineral.

None of the above.

A metamorphic

rock. Recrystallized

snow.

All of the above.

Question 34 1 points Save

The term ‘precession of the equinoxes’ refers to:

the awards ceremony at the American Institute of Climatology in Chicago

the changing angle of tilt in the Earth's orbit

the length of the shadow you see at high noon

the changing position on the Earth’s orbit at which the equinoxes occur?

Question 35 0.5 points Save

The preceding interglacial was the Sangamon.

True

False

Question 36 10 points Save

Match the glacial features with the type of glaciers that form them (choose the BEST
answer).

B. Arêtes.

A. Continental glaciers.

B. Cirques. B. Valley glaciers.

 A. Drumlins.

A. Eskers.

B. Glacial troughs.

B. Hanging valleys.

B. Horns.

A. Kames.

A. Kettles.

B. Truncated spurs.

Question 37 0.5 points Save

The Riss is the name given to an interglacial.

True

False

Question 38 1 points Save

Cuvier was a leading proponent of ?

catastrophism

uniformitarianism
Question 39 0.5 points Save

Agassiz wanted one ice age, Penck and Bruckner wanted four but the deep ocean sediment
record suggests at least 50.

True

False

Question 40 2 points Save

What types of moraines form exclusively in mountain glaciers (two of these are correct
answers, choose both)?

Ground moraines.

Lateral moraines.

Medial moraines.

Recessional moraines.

Terminal moraines.

Question 41 0.5 points Save

The warmest part of the Holocene was about 5000 years ago

True

False

Question 42 0.5 points Save

The last ice age is called the Illinoian

True

False
Question 43 0.5 points Save

Snow contains more of the lighter isotope of oxygen (016) compared to O18.

True

False

Question 44 1 points Save

What term refers to large pieces of ice breaking off the front of a coastal glacier to form
icebergs?

Calving.

Plastic flow.

Ablation.

Surging.

Plucking.

Basal slip.

Question 45 0.5 points Save

The Laurentian Ice Sheet is the name given the ice mass that formed over Canada
during the last ice age.

True

False

Question 46 0.5 points Save

Drift is a term used to refer to glacial deposits.

True
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False

Question 47 2 points Save

Match each erosional process with the type of valley it creates in cross section.

D. glacial erosion

A. A. v shaped valleys
stream erosion
B. s shaped valleys

C. z shaped valleys

D. u shaped valleys

Question 48 0.5 points Save

The largest glacial lake ponded along the margin of the last Canadian ice sheet is named
after Agassiz.

True

False

Question 49 0.5 points Save

The present day climate system of the planet began about 50 million years ago.

True

False

Question 50 0.5 points Save

Our interglacial started 10,000 years ago.

True

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Quiz 10

1. The Canadian Shield is predominantly composed of Paleozoic rocks.

True False

2. The Canadian Shield is part of a landform called a peneplain, which is a surface of

high relief.

True False

3. The North American craton is exposed in the Grand Canyon

True False

4.A cycle of uplift and erosion of a mountain system is known as a Wilson Cycle.

True False

5. The Iapetus Ocean resembled the present day Pacific Ocean

True False

6. The tectonic construction of North America has taken more than 4000 million years.

True False

7. The remains of extensive Paleozoic reefs are preserved in the Niagara escarpment in
Ontario.

True False

8. Gondwanaland consisted of Australia, India and North America.

True False
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9. The accretionary growth of British Columbia during the Mesozoic is broadly similar to the
assembly of Atlantic Canada during the Paleozoic.

True False

10. The modern landscape of Canada is mostly the result of that have occurred over
the last 2.5 million years

meteor impacts, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, land slides, glaciations

11. Discrete fragments of oceanic or continental material that have been accreted to the
edge of a craton by an active margin are called .

Provinces, none of the answers is correct, peneplains, shields, terranes

12. The Acasta Gneiss is thought to have formed part of an ancient continent called .

Arctica, Rodinia, Iapetus, Gondwanaland, Pangea

13. The crater at Sudbury in Ontario is thought to have been caused by the impact of a
meteorite in diameter around years ago.

5km; 65 million, 10km; 65 million, 5km; 1.8 billion, 2km; 251 million

10km; 1.8 billion

14. Currently, the eastern edge of Canada is a(n) margin.

ocean-ocean subducting, passive, continent-ocean subducting, active, transform

15. The Burgess Shale is a window into life on Earth just after the .

last glaciation, death of the dinosaurs, evolution of bacteria, Cambrian explosion, evolution
of the Ediacara fauna,

16. The supercontinent of Rodinia started to breakup around million years ago and
completed fragmentation around million years ago.

20; 5 750; 570 1500; 1000 544; 65; 750; 251

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17. The formation of represents the last tear that finally fragmented Rodinia.

the Iapetus Ocean;the Pacific Ocean; the Atlantic Ocean; Pangea; the Tethys Ocean

18. The closure of the Iapetus Ocean by the collision of Baltica and Laurentia is marked by
the Orogeny

Taconic, Acadian, Grenville, None of the answers is correct, Penokean

19. The Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben and the St. Lawrence Rift formed as a consequence of
the fragmentation of .

Arctica, Baltica, Nena, Rodinia, Pangea

20. The formation of the current Antarctic ice sheet began sometime .

before the extinction of the dinosaurs

after the deposition of the Burgess Shale

after the extinction of the dinosaurs

before the deposition of the Burgess Shale

during the accretion of Wrangellia to North America

21. The formation of separated the Pacific from the Atlantic Ocean and probably
contributed to global cooling and glaciation. (pg. 563)

Pangea, the Rocky Mountains, the isthmus of Panama, Gondwanaland, Baltica

22. The Western Interior Sedimentary Basin is a classic example of a .

Accretionary, wedge, strike-slip basin, forearc basin,rift basin,foreland basin

23. Which geologic era are the rocks on the right hand side of this image from?

Paleozoic Ordovician Cambrian Phanerozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic

24. If you are looking north when you look into the page, what is the dip direction for
these rocks?

west east north south

25. The contact between the Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in this image represents

A non-conformity, A disconformity, An angular unconformity, None of the above

28.I am going on a fossil hunt. Which of the following areas would I be most interested in
if I want to find a lot of fossils?

Banded gneisses of Parry Sound, ON

Pillow basalts of the Giant Mine near Yellowknife, NWT.

Pillow lavas of Betts Cove, Newfoundland.

Breccia from the Sudbury, ON area

Paleozoic limestones of southern Ontario

29. Please order the following geologic occurrences in chronologic order (oldest to
youngest). (pg. 554)

1. Breakup of Rodinia, opening of the Iapetus Ocean.

2. Passive margin on the coast of Laurentia
3. The Iapetus Ocean begins to close
4. The Taconic Orogeny,
5. The Acadian Orogeny,
6. The Alleghenian Orogeny.
7. The break up of Pangea.

30. Which of the following orogenies did not affect Eastern Canada?

Acadian Alleghanian Grenville Laramide Taconic

31. The rocks that make up the Rockies Mountains are the mountains themselves.

older than

younger than
the same age as

none of the answers is correct

32. A/an is an episode of intense deformation of the rocks in a region, generally

accompanied by metamorphism and plutonic activity.

Acadian Orogeny Peneplain Rift

33. The largest craton in the world is found in .

Africa Asia Australia Europe North America

34. The first director of the Geological Survey of Canada was .

Lyell, Charles

Logan, William

Murray, Alexander

Smith, William

Wegner, Alfred

35. The base of the Paleozoic is coincident with the base of the .

Cambrian Carboniferous Mesozoic Tertiary Triassic

36. The final assembly of the continent Nena was marked by the creation of a major Himalayan-
type mountain range near what is now .

the Canadian Rockies

the western end of Lake Superior

Thunder Bay

Toronto

the northern end of Lake Huron

37. Along with glacial activity, the accretion of the onto the western edge of North
America is responsible for the magnificent mountains around Banff.
Coast Plutoic Complex, Iapetus Ocean, Insular Belt

Intermontane Belt, Tethys Ocean

38. The extinction of the dinosaurs is linked to an impact in at the end of the
Cretaceous.

Africa Australia Mexico Ontario Quebec

39. The alluvial gold deposits along the Fraser River and in the Cariboo district of
British Colombia owe something to during the early Cenozoic.

deep weathering, earthquakes, meteor impact, volcanic activity

all of the above

40. The subdued shape of the Mountains within the Coastal Plutonic Complex of British
Columbia is due to the weathering of .

an ancient ophiolite complex

an ancient sedimentary basin

an impact crater

dome-like granite plutons

all of the above

41. The Peterborough area of southern Ontario is a classic Canadian glacial landscape called
a .

fold belt

coal swamp

glacial erratic

drumlin field

impact crater
Question Save
1 1 points

What is permafrost?

Ground that is perennially frozen.

Ground that remains unfrozen except for a thin surface

layer. A type of ice cream.

None of the above.

Ground that is annually frozen.

Question Save
2 1 points

DNAPL is less dense that LNAPL.

Yes

No

Question Save
3 1 points

ADM stands for....?

(please just type in the words, no capitals, no punctuation, no plurals and spelling is YOUR
responsibility, i.e. university of texas)
acid mine drianage

Question
Save
4 1 points

DNAPL stands for....?

(please just type in the words, no capitals, no punctuation, no plurals and spelling is YOUR
responsibility, i.e. university of texas)
Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liq

Question
Save
5 1 points

Radon is a solid (at room temperature).

Yes

No

Question Save
6 1 points

What geological period do we live in?

Just type in the ONE WORD answer please, no punctuation, no capitals, no pluralization. Spelling
is YOUR responsibility.
 Question
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7 1 points

What new geologic period is being proposed?

ONE WORD answer only, no capitals, no plurals, no punctuation, no pluralization spelling is YOUR
responsiblity

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8 1 points

At Wiarton, Ontario, polluted water from a landfill site entered the town's drinking water with
deadly effect.

Yes

No

Question Save
9 1 points

Urban sediments are magnetic.

more

less

not

Question
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10 1 points

A thaw pond is formed by the melt of buried glacier ice.

Yes

No

Question
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11 1 points

A flashy river is usually the result of hardening of the watershed.

Yes

No

Question
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12 1 points

A sub-bottom profiler measures .

the topography of the lake floor
 water depth

both of the above

neither of the above

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13 1 points

The proposed McKenzie pipeline is to be built on permafrost.

Yes

No

Question
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14 1 points

60% of Canadians live in urban areas.

Yes

No

Question
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15 1 points

What is the biggest environmental threat from landfill sites?

leachate

odours

methane

none of the above

Question
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16 1 points

Carbon is the name given to storing carbon dioxide gas underground.

ONE WORD answer, no capitals, no pluralization, no punctuation. Spelling is YOUR responsibility.
monoxide

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17 1 points

Storing gas underground requires rocks with numerous .

ONE WORD answer please, no capitals, no punctuation. Spelling is YOUR responsibility.

Question What part of

18 Canada is the
most prone Save
to 1 points
droughts?
 Newfoundland

the Arctic

southern Alberta

Yukon

Question
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19 1 points

AMD is the result of the oxidation of pyrite.

Yes

No

Question
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20 1 points

AMD is essentially dilute sulphuric acid.

Yes

No

Question
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21 1 points

Acid precipitation is a direct consequence of mining.

Yes

No

Question
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22 1 points

LNAPL floats on water.

Yes

No

Question
Save
23 1 points

A talik refers to unfrozen groundwater in an area of permafrost.

Yes

No
 Question
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24 1 points
 Permafrost ground stays frozen year-round except for a thin surface layer called the active layer.

Yes

No

Question
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25 1 points

The melt of permafrost causes subsistence of the ground surface.

Yes

No

Question
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26 1 points

A hydrograph depicts changing discharge of a river through time.

Yes

No

Question Save
27 1 points

Permafrost occurs in southern Ontario.

Yes

No

Question
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28 1 points

In northern Canada permafrost is as much as 700 metres thick.

Yes

No

Question
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29 1 points

The thickest permafrost occurs in the zone of discontinuous permafrost.

Yes

No

Question 30
 Save
1 points

Frozen
ground
occurs
below the
floor of the
Beaufort
Sea.
 Yes

No

Question
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31 1 points

An unconfined aquifer is overlain by a confining layer.

Yes

No

Question Save
32 1 points

An artesian well is located in a confined aquifer.

Yes

No

Question
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33 1 points

A well in an aquitard yields a lot of water.

Yes

No

Question Save
34 1 points

The 'first flush' is the most chemically contaminated part of water that initially drains from a road
surface.

Yes

No

Question Save
35 1 points

Transpiration is the name for that part of the hydrological cycle where water is released by trees
and plants.

Yes

No
 Question
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36 1 points
 Baseflow maintains river flow in summer.

Yes

No

Question
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37 1 points

Erosion and sedimentation by urban rivers usually result in a reduced frequency of flooding.

Yes

No

Question
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38 1 points

A brownfield site is a field on which houses are built in the suburbs.

Yes

No

Question
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39 1 points

The Port Industrial District is the largest greenfield site in Toronto.

Yes

No

Question Save
40 1 points

An 'urban shadow' refers to the reduction in light caused by tall buildings.

Yes

No

Question
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41 1 points

The Earth's magnetic field is generated at the poles.

Yes

No

Question 42
 Save
Which of the following is not an example of the effects of isostasy? 1 points
 the post-glacial rise of northeastern North

America mountain ranges at subduction zones

magnetic reversals

deep mountain roots

Question
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43 1 points

What would you most expect to find at ocean-continent convergence?

island arc

magmatic arc

mid-ocean ridge

suture zone

Question
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44 1 points

What would you most expect to find at continent-continent convergence?

magmatic arc

mountain belt

mid-ocean ridge

island arc

Question
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45 1 points

The largest zone of Earth's interior by volume is the .

crust

mantle

outer core

inner core

Question
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46 1 points

The lithosphere is .

the layer beneath the

crust only part of the

mantle the same as the

crust
 lOMoARcPSD|8009248

the crust and the uppermost mantle

Question Save
47 1 points

A contact between parallel sedimentary rock that records missing geologic time is .

a disconformity

an angular unconformity

a fossil

a nonconformity

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48 1 points

Concentrations of radon are highest in areas where the bedrock is .

granite

gneiss

limestone

black shale

phosphate-rich rock

all of the above

Question Save
49 1 points

"Within a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rocks, the layers get younger going from bottom
to top" is the principle of .

superposition

original

horizontality cross-

cutting

none of the above

Question
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50 1 points

The Canadian Shield is predominantly composed of Paleozoic Rocks.

I don't have a

clue! Am I done

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 lOMoARcPSD|8009248

yet?

Yes

No

Downloaded by Jilna Manek (jilnamanek2002@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|8009248

Downloaded by Jilna Manek (jilnamanek2002@gmail.com)