Constitutional Law 1 - Course Syllabus

1st Semester, School Year 2008-2009

POLITICAL LAW
Defined
- People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887
- Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77
THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
Nature of the Constitution
Definition;
Classification;
Qualities and essential parts of a good written Constitution
Ratification / Political vs. Justiciable Question
- Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33
Constitutional Construction
- Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552
- Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
- Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284
Self-executing provisions
- Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, GR 122156, Feb. 3, 1997
Constitutional History
Pre-1935 Constitution
Schurman Commission; Taft Commission; Spooner Amendment; Philippine Bill of 1902
Jones Law of 1916; Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934
1935 Constitution
Declaration of Martial Law
- Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
1973 Constitution
- Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33
1986 Snap Presidential Election
- Philippine Bar Association. v. Comelec, 140 SCRA 455
People Power Revolt
Proclamation No. 1, Feb. 25, 1986
Proc. No. 3, Mar. 25, 1986
- Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986
- In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160
Freedom Constitution
1987 Constitution
- In re: Letter of Reynato Puno, June 29, 1992, 210 SCRA
Effectivity of the 1987 Constitution
- De Leon v. Esguerra, 153 SCRA 602
AMENDMENT PROCESS
Amendment vs. Revision
Procedure
1. Proposal
a. By Congress
b. By a Constitutional Convention
Theories on Position of Constitutional Convention
c. By the People thru Initiative
RA 6735
- Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325, March 19, 1997
2. Ratification
Doctrine of Proper Submission
- Tolentino v. Comelec, 41 SCRA 702
Judicial Review of Amendments

- Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 30

- Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333
POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW
- Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137, 2 L.Ed. 60
- Defensor-Santiago v. Guingona, GR 134577, Nov. 18, 1998
- Francisco v. House of Representatives, GR 160261, Nov. 10, 2003
Judicial Supremacy vs. Constitutional Supremacy
Political vs. Justiciable Question
- Baker v. Carr, 396 US 186
- Nixon v. US, 506 US 224
- Goldwater v. Carter, 444 US 996, 62 L.Ed.2d 428
- Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333
- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
- Brillantes v. Concepcion, GR 163193, June 15, 2004
Presumption of Constitutionality
- Lim v. Pacquing, GR 115044, Jan. 27, 1995
Requisites of Judicial Review:
1. Actual Case or Controversy
- Board of Optometry v. Colet, GR 122241, July 30, 1996
- Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
- Fernandez v. Torres, 215 SCRA 489
- La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004
Ripeness
- City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 US 95, 75 L.Ed.2d 675
Mootness
- David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
- La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Dec. 1, 2004
- DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 US 312, 40 L.Ed.2d 164
2. Proper Party
Conventional Standing
- Warth v. Seldin, 422 US 490, 45 L.Ed.2d. 343
Representative Standing
Jus Tertii standing
- Craig v. Boren, 429 US 190, 50 L.Ed.2d. 397
Transcendental importance to the public
- Tatad v. Garcia, 243 SCRA 436
- Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110
- Kilosbayan v. Morato, 246 SCRA 540
- Kilosbayan v. Morato (Recon.), GR 118910, Nov. 16, 1995
Standing of members of Congress
- Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
- Bagatsing v. Committee on Privatization, GR 112399, July 14, 1995
Standing of Integrated Bar of the Philippines
- IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Standing of the Government to question its own laws
- People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56
Taxpayers Suits
- Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000
- Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000
3. Question must be raised at the earliest possible opportunity
4. Constitutional question must the very "lis mota" of the case
Doctrine of Purposeful Hesitation
- Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994

Functions of Judicial Review

Effects of Declaration of Unconstitutionality
Doctrine of Operative Fact
- Republic v. CA, GR 79732, Nov. 8, 1993
CONCEPT OF STATE
1. People
Citizenship
Distinguished from nationality
Modes of Acquiring citizenship
Citizens of the Philippines
- Moy Ya Lim Yao v. Commissioner of Immigration, 41 SCRA 292
- Djumantan v. Domingo, Jan. 30, 1995
Election of Philippine citizenship
- In re: Vicente Ching, Bar Matter No. 914, October 1, 1999
Doctrine of implied election
- Co v. HRET, G.R. No. 92191-92, July 30, 1991
Natural-born citizens
- Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001
- Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004
Dual citizenship & dual allegiance
- Mercado v. Manzano, GR 135083, May 26, 1999
Res judicata in citizenship cases
Doctrine of Indelible Allegiance
Naturalization
- Republic v. De la Rosa, 232 SCRA 785
Loss of citizenship
- By naturalization in a foreign country
- Frivaldo v. Comelec, 174 SCRA 245
- Labo v. Comelec, 176 SCRA 1
- By express renunciation or expatriation
- Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364
Reacquisition of citizenship, RA 8171

Retroactivity of Repatriation
- Frivaldo v. Comelec, 257 SCRA 727, June 28, 1996
Suffrage
- Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001
- Makalintal v. Comelec, GR 157013, July 10, 2003
2. Territory
Philippine Archipelago; Archipelago Doctrine; UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
3. Government
Functions
Constituent vs. Ministrant
Laissez-faire vs. Welfare State
Doctrine of Parens Patriae
- Gov't. of Phil. Islands v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil. 728
- Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94
Classification
- De Jure
- De Facto
- Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986
4. Sovereignty
Effects of Change in sovereignty
- People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887
- Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77
Effects of Belligerent Occupation
Doctrine of Jus Postliminium
Dominium vs. Imperium
Derogation of Philippine Sovereignty; The Visiting Forces Agreement
- Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000

DOCTRINE OF STATE IMMUNITY

Basis
- U.S.A. vs. Reyes, March 1, 1993
Immunity of Foreign States & Diplomats
Principle of par in parem non habet imperium
Process of Suggestion
- The Holy See v. RTC, GR 101949, Dec. 1, 1994
Determination of Immunity by the Department of Foreign Affairs
- Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, January 28, 2000
Immunity of International Organizations and Agencies
- SEAFDEC v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 580
- Callado v. IRRI, 244 SCRA 210
- DFA v. NLRC, Sept. 18, 1996
Immunity of Government Agencies
Incorporated
Municipal Corporations
- Municipality of San Fernando v. Judge Firme, 195 SCRA 692
Unincorporated
If principal function is governmental
- Farolan v. CTA 217 SCRA 298
If proprietary suable
Suits against Public Officers
- City of Angeles v. CA, Aug. 28,1996
- Veterans Manpower v. CA, 214 SCRA 286
- Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357
Consent to be sued
Express Consent
- Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424
General Law
- CA 327; PD 1445; Art. 2180; Act No. 3038
Special Law
- Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311
Implied Consent
When State commences litigation
- Froilan v. Pan Oriental Shipping, Sept. 30, 1954
When State enters into a business contract
- USA v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487
Suability not outright liability
- Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311
- Fontanilla v. Maliaman, 194 SCRA 486
Consent to be sued does not include consent to execution
- Republic v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 84
- Municipality of San Miguel v. Fernandez, 130 SCRA 56
- Municipality of Makati v. CA, 190 SCRA 206
Immunity cannot be used to perpetrate an injustice on a citizen
- Ministerio v. CFI of Cebu, 40 SCRA 464
PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES
Preamble
Republicanism
Manifestations
1. Nemo est supra leges
- Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778
2. Rule of majority
3. Accountability of Public Officials
4. Bill of Rights
5. Legislature cannot pass irrepealable laws
6. Separation of Powers
Principle of Blending of Powers
Principle of Checks and Balances

- The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 L.Ed. 1153

- Bowsher v. Synar, 478 US 714
- Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No. 169777
7. Non-delegation of powers
- Phil. Interisland Shipping Ass'n. v. CA, GR 100481, Jan. 22, 1997
Potestas delegata non delegare potest
Permissible Delegation
a. Tariff Powers to the President
b. Emergency Powers to the President
- First Emergency Powers cases, 84 Phil. 368
- Second Emergency Powers cases, 92 Phil. 603
c. Delegation to the People
d. Delegation to Local Government Units
e. Delegation to the Administrative Bodies
Power of Subordinate Legislation
- Miners Association v. Factoran, GR 98332, Jan. 16, 1995
Principle of Subdelegation of Powers
Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency
Tests for valid delegation
a. Completeness Test
b. Sufficient Standard Test
- Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659
- De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
Legislative standard need not be expressed
- Hirabashi v. United States, 320 US 99
- Chiongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253
8. State Immunity (supra)
9. Election through popular will
Act of State
Incorporation Clause
Conflict between municipal law and international law
- Ichong v. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 115
Civilian Supremacy
- IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Government to serve and protect the people
People to defend the State
Separation of Church and State
Independent Foreign Policy
Nuclear Free Philippines
Just and dynamic social order
Social Justice
- Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726
Respect for human dignity and human rights
Fundamental Equality of men and women
Promotion of health and ecology
- Oposa v. Factoran, GR 1010183, July 30, 1993
Priority to education, science and technology
Protection to labor
Land Reform
- Ass'n. of Small Land Owners v. Sec. of Agrarian Reform, 175 SCRA 343
Regalian Doctrine
- Republic v. CA, CCP Intervenor, GR 103882, Nov. 25, 1998
- Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000
- La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004
Inalienable Lands of the Public Domain
- Chavez v. PEA & AMARI, GR 133250, Nov. 11, 2003
Independent People's organizations
Family and Youth
- Meyer v. Nebraska, 263 US 393
- Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 US 510
- Wisconsin v. Yoder, 40 LW 4476
- Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94

Self-reliant and independent national economy

- Taada v. Angara (GATT case), GR 118295, May 2, 1997
Communication and information in nation-building
Autonomy of Local Governments
Decentralization of Administration vs. decentralization of Power
- Limbonas v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786
- Basco v. PAGCOR, 197 SCRA 52
Autonomous Region
- Disomangcop v. DPWH Secretary, GR 149848, November 25, 2004
Indigenous Cultural Communities
- Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000
Honest public service and full public disclosure
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
Legislative power
Initiative, referendum and Recall
- Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325, March 19, 1997
Indirect Initiative
- SBMA v. Comelec, Sept. 26, 1996
Recall
- Garcia v. Comelec, Oct. 5, 1993
Loss of confidence, a political question
- Evardone v. Comelec, 204 SCRA 464, 472
Bicameralism vs. Unicameralism
Senate (Composition; Qualifications; Term of office)
House of Representatives
Composition (District Representatives; Party-list Representatives)
Party-list Representatives
- Veterans Federation Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 136781, October 6, 2000
- Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001
Apportionment of Legislative Districts
- Baker v. Carr, 369 US 186
- Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
- Montejo v. Comelec, GR 118702, Mar. 19, 1995
Gerrymandering
Doctrine of Equal Representation
Qualifications
- Marcos v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300
- Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995
Theory of legal impossibility
Natural-born
- Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001
Term of office
Privileges
Freedom from Arrest
Parliamentary Immunity
- Eastland v. US Servicemen's Fund, 421 US 491
- Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 443 US 111
- Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 714
Disqualifications and Inhibitions
Effect of Imprisonment
- People v. Jalosjos, G.R. Nos. 132875-76, February 3, 2000
Sessions; Adjournment; Officers
- Santiago v. Guingona, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001

Quorum
- Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17
Rules of Proceedings
- Arroyo v. De Venecia (Sin-taxes case), GR 127255, Aug. 14, 1997
Discipline of members
Suspension vs. Preventive Suspension
- Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128055. April 18, 2001
Enrolled Bill Theory
- Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil. 1
- Casco Chemical v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347
Legislative Journal vs. Enrolled Bill
Electoral Tribunals
Composition
- Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792
- Abbas v. Senate Electoral Tribunal, 166 SCRA 651
Powers
- Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995
- Sampayan v. Daza, 213 SCRA 807
Jurisdiction over Proclamation Controversy
- Caruncho v. Comelec, G.R. No. 135996, September 30, 1999
Commission on Appointments
Composition
- Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789
Powers
- Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
Powers of Congress
General Legislative Power
Limitations
Substantive Limitations
Procedural Limitations
One Bill, one subject
- Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118, July 19, 2000
Sufficiency of Title
- Phil. Judges Association v. Prado, GR 105371, Nov. 11, 1993
- Chongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253
Bills that must originate exclusively from the House
- Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, GR 115455, Aug. 25, 1994
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, Oct. 30, 1995
Three readings on separate days
Bicameral Conference Committee
Legislative Process
Approval of Bills
Presidential veto
Pocket veto
Item veto
- Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133
Legislative veto; One-House Veto
- Immigration Service v. Chadha, 462 US 919, 77 L.Ed.2d 317
- Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
Power of the Purse
Implied limitations on appropriation measure
- Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221
Constitutional limitations and rules
Riders
Sub rosa appropriation
Prohibition against transfer of appropriation
- Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
Power of Taxation
- McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US (4 Wheat, 316)
Power of Legislative Investigation

- Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No. 169777

- Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA 767
Power to Punish contempt
- Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29
- Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358
Power to declare existence of state of war
- The Prize cases, 67 US 635, 17 L.Ed. 459
- Mora v. McNamara, 389 US 934, 19 L.Ed.2d 287
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
President and Vice-President
Qualifications
Natural-born Citizen
- Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004
Election
Congress as canvassing board
Supreme Court as Electoral Tribunal
- Defensor-Santiago v. Ramos, PET Case no. 001, Feb. 13, 1996
Term of office
Privileges
Official residence
Salary
Presidential Immunity
- In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160
- Beltran v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393
- US v. Nixon, 418 US 683, 41 L.Ed.2d 1039
- Nixon v. Fitzgerald, 457 US 731
- Clinton v. Jones, 520 US 681, May 27, 1997
- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
Prohibitions and inhibitions
Rules on Succession
Vacancy at beginning of term
Vacancy during the term
Temporary Disability
Removal of the President
- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
Powers
Executive Power
- Planas v. Gil, 67 Phil. 62
- Myers, Administratrix v. United States, 272 US 52
Legislative Powers
- Municipality of San Juan v. CA, Sept. 29, 1997
- Ople v. Torres, GR 127685, July 23, 1998
Residual Powers
- Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668
Power to Determine National Policy
- The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 L.Ed. 1153
Prosecution of Crimes
- Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652
Creation of Preparatory Committee on Constitutional Reforms
- Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000
Appointing Power
Discretionary power
- Flores v. Drilon, GR 104732, June 22, 1993

- Gordon v. Judge Santos, CA-GR Sp No. 48339, Aug. 21, 1998

- Gordon v. CA, GR 134900, Sept. 1, 1998
- Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327
Classes of Appointment
- Gaminde v. COA, G.R. No. 140335, December 13, 2000
Appointments subject to confirmation of Commission on Appointments
- Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
- Manalo v. Sistoza, GR 107369, Aug. 11, 1999
Limitations on the Appointment Power
Power of Removal
Power of Control
Control vs. Supervision
- Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994
Alter-ego Principle or Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency
- Carpio v. Executive Secretary, Feb. 14, 1992
The Executive Secretary
- Lacson-Magallanes v. Pano, 21 SCRA 895
Military Powers
Commander-in-chief clause
- Ex Parte Milligan, 71 US 2
- David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
- Aquino v. Military Commission No. 2, 63 SCRA 546
- Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34, 150 SCRA 144
- Carpio v. Executive Secretary, supra
Calling Out the Armed Forces
- IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Declaration of State of Rebellion
- Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10, 2001
Declaration of martial law
- Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
Suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
- Barcelon v. Baker, 5 Phil. 87
- Montenegro v. Castaeda, 91 Phil. 882
- Lansang v. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448
- Garcia-Padilla v. Enrile, 121 SCRA 472
Pardoning Power
- People v. Salle, 250 SCRA 581, Dec. 4, 1995
- Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190
- Garcia v. Chairman, COA, 226 SCRA 356
Pardon vs. Amnesty
Diplomatic Power
- Dames & Moore v. Regan, 453 US 654
Treaties vs. Executive Agreements
Power to Impound
- Philconsa v. Enriquez, Aug. 19, 1994
JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
Judicial Power
Expanded jurisdiction
Effect on the political question doctrine
Jurisdiction
- Diaz v. CA, Dec. 5, 1994
- First Lepanto Ceramics v. CA, Oct. 7, 1994
Constitutional Safeguards to insure independence of the Judiciary
Justices/judges may not be designated to any agency performing non-judicial functions
Fiscal Autonomy
Power of Judicial Review
Appointment to the Judiciary
Procedure for Appointment

Judicial and Bar Council

Supreme Court
Composition
En Banc & Division cases
Fortich v. Corona, G.R. No. 131457, August 19, 1999
Powers
Supervision over the Judiciary
- Dolalas v. Office of the Ombudsman, Dec. 24, 1996
Rule-making powers
- Maniago v. CA, 253 SCRA 674
Mandatory Review of Death Penalty Cases
- People v. Esparas, GR 120034, Aug. 20, 1996
Writ of Amparo
Equipoise Doctrine
Decisions of the Court
- Nicos Industrial Corp. v. CA, 206 SCRA 127
- Prudential Bank v. Castro, 158 SCRA 646
Power to control execution of decision
- Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, GR 132601, Jan. 19, 1999
Tenure of Justices/Judges
- De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
Removal and Discipline
- Maceda v. Ombudsman, GR 102781, Apr. 22, 1993
- People v. Gacott, 246 SCRA 52
Salaries
- Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552
- Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
- Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284
INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION
Safeguards to insure the independence of the Commissions
Prohibition on appointment in an acting capacity
- Brillantes v. Yorac, 192 SCRA 358
Disqualifications and Inhibitions
Decisions - Certiorari to the Supreme Court
- Galido v. Comelec, Jan. 18, 1991
- Reyes v. RTC, 244 SCRA 41
- Garces v. CA, July 17, 1996
SC Revised Admin. Cir. 1-95
1. Civil Service Commission
Scope of the Civil Service
- DOH v. NLRC, 251 SCRA 700
Approval of appointments
- Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327
- Ramonte v. CSC, 244 SCRA 498
2. Commission on Elections
En Banc and Division cases
- Sarmiento v. Comelec, 212 SCRA 307
Powers and Functions
- Relampagos v. Cumba, 243 SCRA 690
- Loong v. Comelec, GR 133676, Apr. 14, 1999
Exclusive Original Jurisdiction and Appellate Jurisdiction
- Guieb v. Fontanilla, 247 SCRA 348, Aug. 14, 1995
Special Registration of New Voters
- Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001
3. Commission on Audit
- Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. COA, GR 101976, Jan. 29, 1993
ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS
Impeachment
Impeachable Officers
Grounds for Impeachment

Procedure
- Romulo v. Yniguez, 141 SCRA 263
Impeachment and Criminal Prosecution
- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
Sandiganbayan
Jurisdiction
- Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096, January 20, 1999
Ombudsman
Supervision and control
- Acop v. Office of the Ombudsman, 248 SCRA 566
Prosecutorial Powers
- Camanag v. Guerrero, GR 121017, Feb. 17, 1997
Power to issue subpoena; Form of complaint
- Almonte v. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 266
Power to Investigate Administrative Charges
Concurrent with the Office of the President
- Hagad v. Dadole, 241 SCRA 242
Concurrent with the DOJ
- Honasan v. DOJ Panel of Investigating Prosecutors, GR 159747, Apr. 13, 2004
Power to investigate cases of ill-gotten wealth after Feb. 25, 1996
- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, Sept. 24, 1994
Ombudsman for the Military
- Agbay v. Deputy Ombudsman for the Military, G.R. No. 134503, July 2, 1999
Special Prosecutor
- Zaldivar v. Gonzales, 160 SCRA 843
Commission on Human Rights
Powers and Functions of the Commission
- Cario v. CHR, GR 96681, Dec. 2, 1991
Civil Rights vs. Political Rights
- Simon v. CHR, 229 SCRA 117, Jan. 5, 1994
Fiscal Autonomy
- CHR Employees Assn. v. CHR, GR No. 155336, Nov. 25, 2004
Presidential Commission on Good Government
- Chavez v. PCGG, GR 130716, Dec. 9, 1998
- Cojuangco v. Roxas, 195 SCRA 797
- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 258 SCRA 685
- Romualdez v. Sandiganbayan, 244 S 152
Sequestration
- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 106244, Jan. 22, 1997
Order signed by only one commissioner
- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 113420, Mar. 7, 1997
Imprescriptibility of Right of State to Recover Ill-gotten Wealth
- Presidential Committee on Behest Loans v. Desierto, G.R. No. 130140, October 25, 1999

Constitutional Law 2 - Course Syllabus

1st Semester, School Year 2006-2007

CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY & ANALYSIS

The Cycles of Constitutional Theory
Constitutional Theory in a Nutshell
Legitimacy and the Constitution

INHERENT POWERS OF THE STATE

POLICE POWER
Buck v. Bell, 274 U. S. 200

Ermita-Malate Hotel and Motel Operators v. City of Manila, July 31, 1967
Taxicab Operators v. Board of Transportation, 119 SCRA 597
Republic v. Meralco, G.R. No. 141314, Nov. 15, 2002
Ichong v. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 1155
Lim v. Pacquing, 240 SCRA 649
Lutz v. Araneta, 98 Phil. 148
Magtajas v. Pryce Properties, 234 SCRA 255
Miners Association v. Factoran, 240 SCRA 100
Pollution Adjudication Board v. CA, 195 SCRA 112
Tablarin v. Gutierrez, 152 SCRA 730
Tio v. Videogram Regulatory Board, 151 SCRA 208
Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659
Lozano v. Martinez, 146 SCRA 323
Bunting v. State of Oregon, 243 U. S. 426
MMDA v. Bel-Air Village Assn., March 27, 2000
EMINENT DOMAIN
Assn. of Small Landowners v. Sec. of Agrarian Reform, 175 SCRA 343
Roxas & Co. v. CA, 321 SCRA 106
Belen v. CA, 195 SCRA 59
Manosca v. CA, Jan. 29, 1996
De Knecht v. Bautista, 100 SCRA 660
Republic v. De Knecht, Feb. 12, 1990
EPZA v. Dulay, 148 SCRA 305
Phil. Press Institute v. Comelec, 244 SCRA 272
Republic v. PLDT, 26 SCRA 620
Republic v. Salem Investment, G.R. No. 137569, June 23, 2000
Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 146587, July 2, 2002
City Government of Quezon City v. Ericta
City of Manila v. Chinese Community, 40 Phil. 349
Heirs of Ardona v. Reyes, 125 SCRA 220
Iron and Steel Authority v. CA, Oct. 25, 1995
SMI Development Corp. v. Republic, 323 SCRA 862
Estate of Salud Jimenez v. PEZA, 349 SCRA 240
Land Bank v. CA, July 10, 1996
Napocor v. Angas, 208 SCRA 542
Napocor v. Gutierrez, 193 SCRA 1
TELEBAP v. Comelec, April 21, 1998
POWER OF TAXATION
McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US
Sison v. Ancheta, 130 SCRA 654
Lladoc v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 14 SCRA 292
Philex Mining v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Aug. 28, 1998
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. CA, 298 SCRA 83
Chavez v. PCGG, Dec. 9, 1998
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. S.C. Johnson & Sons, 309 SCRA 87
Pascual v. Sec. of Public Works, 110 Phil. 331
CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS
Simon v. Commission on Human Rights, Jan. 5, 1994
DUE PROCESS
Secretary of Justice v. Lantion, GR 139465, Jan. 18, 2000
Secretary of Justice v. Lantion, Oct. 17, 2000 (Reconsideration)
Govt. of the United States v. Purganan, G.R. No. 148571, Sept. 24, 2002
Joseph Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, Nov. 19, 2001
Buck v. Bell, 274 U. S. 200
Dumlao v Comelec, 96 SCRA 392
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479
Lochner v. New York, 198 U. S. 45
Nebbia v. New York, 291 U. S. 502
Non v. Dames, 185 SCRA 523
Ang Tibay v. CIR, 69 Phil. 635
Palko v. State of Connecticut, 302 U. S. 319
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U. S. 379
Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659
People v. Dela Piedra, 350 SCRA 163

Adkins v. Children's Hospital, 261 U. S. 525

EQUAL PROTECTION
Philippine Judges Assn. v. Prado, 227 SCRA 703
Ichong v Hernandez, 101 Phil. 1155
De Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118, July 19, 2000
Ormoc Sugar Central v. Ormoc City, Feb. 17, 1968
People v. Cayat, 68 Phil. 12
People v. Jalosjos, 324 SCRA 689, Feb. 3, 2000
People v. Mijano, July 23, 1999
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U. S. 537
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265
Civil Rights Cases, 109 U. S. 3
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U. S. 483, 349 U. S. 294
Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U. S. 497
Loving v. Virginia, 888 U.S. 1
Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618
SEARCH AND SEIZURE
David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
Soliven v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 394
Abdula v. Guiani, 326 SCRA 1
People v. Molina, 352 SCRA 174
Allado v. Diokno, May 5, 1994
Aniag v. Comelec, 237 SCRA 424
Burgos v. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800
Columbia Pictures v. Flores, June 29, 1993
Corro v. Lising, 137 SCRA 541
Go v. CA, 206 SCRA 138
Valmonte v. De Villa, Sept. 29, 1989
Guanzon v. De Villa, 181 SCRA 623
Harris v. United States, 331 U. S. 145
Harvey v. Defensor-Santiago, 162 SCRA 840
Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347
Lim v. Felix, 194 SCRA 292
Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U. S. 643
Abel v. United States, 362 U.S. 217, 4 L.Ed.2d 668
Moncada v. People's Court, 80 Phil. 1
Nolasco v. Pao, 147 SCRA 509
Olmstead v. United States, 277 U. S. 438
Papa v. Mago, 22 SCRA 857
Pendon v. CA, Nov. 16, 1990
People v. Aminudin, 163 SCRA 402
People v. Barros, 231 SCRA 557
People v. Cuizon, April 18, 1996
People v. Damaso, 212 SCRA 457
People v. De Gracia, 233 SCRA 716
People v. Del Rosario, 234 SCRA 246
People v. Dichoso, June 4, 1993
People v. Evaristo, Dec. 11, 1992
People v. Exala, 221 SCRA 494
People v. Gerente, 219 SCRA 756
People v. Inting, 187 SCRA 788
People v. Marti, 193 SCRA 57
People v. Musa, 217 SCRA 597
People v. Omaweng, 213 SCRA 462
People v. Tangliben, 184 SCRA 220
Prudente v. Dayrit, 180 SCRA 69
Salazar v. Achacoso, Mar. 14, 1990
Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40
Stonehill v. Diokno, June 19, 1967
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1
Umil v. Ramos, 187 SCRA 311
Weeks v. United States, 232 U.S. 383
Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U. S. 25
PRIVACY OF COMMUNICATION
Gaanan v. IAC, 145 SCRA 112
In re: Wenceslao Laureta, 148 SCRA 382
Ramirez v. CA, Sept. 28, 1995

Zulueta v. CA, Feb. 20, 1996

Salcedo-Ortanez v. CA, Aug. 4, 1994
RIGHT TO PRIVACY
Ople v. Torres, July 23, 1998
Marquez v. Desierto, G.R. No. 135882, June 27, 2001
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION (SPEECH, PRESS, ASSEMBLY & PETITION)
Abrams v. United States, 250 U. S. 616
Bayan v. Ermita (CPR), G.R. No. 169838, April 20, 2006
ABS-CBN v. Comelec, G.R. No. 133486, Jan. 28, 2000
SWS v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147571, May 5, 2001
Borjal v. CA, 301 SCRA 1, Jan. 14, 1999
In Re: Petition to Annul En Banc Resolution A.M. 98-7-02-SC, Sept. 29, 1998
Resolution Re: Live TV & Radio Coverage of Cory Aquino Libel Case, Oct. 22, 1991
In Re: Request for TV-Radio Coverage of Estrada Trial, June 29, 2001
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 255
New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713
Near v. State of Minnesota, 283 U. S. 697
Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444
R.A.V. v. St. Paul, 505 U.S. 377
Schenck v. United States, 249 U. S. 47
United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367
Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District, 393 U.S. 503
Adiong v. Comelec, 207 SCRA 712
Ayer Productions v. Capulong, 160 SCRA 861
Barenblatt v. United States, 360 U.S. 109
Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665
Bridges v. California, 314 U. S. 252
Burgos v. Chief of Staff, 133 SCRA 800
Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U. S. 296
Consolidated Edison Company v. Public Service Commission, 447 U.S. 530
De Jonge v. Oregon, 299 U. S. 353
Dennis v. United States, 341 U. S. 494
Eastern Broadcasting v. Dans, 137 SCRA 647
Edwards v. South Carolina, 372 U.S. 229
Feiner v. New York, 340 U. S. 315
Gitlow v. State of New York, 268 U. S. 652
Gonzales v. Kalaw Katigbak, 137 SCRA 717
In re: Column of Ramon Tulfo, April 17, 1990
In re: Emiliano P. Jurado, Apr. 6, 1995
JBL Reyes v. Bagatsing, 125 SCRA 553
Lagunzad v. Sotto Vda. De Gonzales, 92 SCRA 476
Malabanan v. Ramento, 129 SCRA 359
Martin v. City of Struthers, Ohio, 319 U. S. 141
Mutuc v. Comelec, 36 SCRA
National Press Club v. Comelec, 207 SCRA 1
Pennekamp v. Florida, 328 U. S. 331
People v. Alarcon, 69 Phil. 265
Pita v. CA, 178 SCRA 362
Primicias v. Fugoso, 80 Phil. 71
Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia, 444 U.S. 896
Sanidad v. Comelec, 181 SCRA 529
Thomas v. Collins, 323 U. S. 516
Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 U. S. 88; 84 L. Ed. 1093
Adderley v. Florida, 385 U.S. 39
Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, October 30, 1995
US v. Bustos, 37 Phil. 731
Villar v. TIP, 135 SCRA 706
Whitney v. California, 274 U. S. 357
Yates v. United States, 354 U.S. 298
Zaldivar v. Sandiganbayan, 170 SCRA 1
OBSCENITY CASES
Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 117 S.Ct. 2349, June 26, 1997
Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 5
Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476

FREEDOM OF RELIGION
Gerona v. Secretary of Education, 106 Phil. 2
Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U. S. 1
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U. S. 624
Ebralinag v. Division Superintendent of Schools of Cebu, March 1, 1993
Aglipay v. Ruiz, 64 Phil. 201
Centeno v. Villalon, 236 SCRA 197
Cox v. New Hampshire, 312 U. S. 569
Fonacier v. CA, 96 Phil. 417
Garces v. Estenzo, 104 SCRA 510
German v. Barangan, 135 SCRA 514
Gonzales v. Archbishop of Manila, 51 Phil. 420
Iglesia ni Cristo, Inc. v. CA, July 26, 1996
Marsh v. State of Alabama, 326 U. S. 501
Pamil v. Teleron, 86 SCRA 413
People v. Cayat, 68 Phil. 12
School District of Abington Township, Pa. v. Schempp, 374 U. S. 203
Engle v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421; 8 L. ed. 2d. 601
Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers Union, 59 SCRA 54
Zorach v. Clauson, 343 U. S. 306
Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U. S. 296
RIGHT TO TRAVEL
Caunca v. Salazar, 82 Phil. 851
Manotoc v. CA, 142 SCRA 149
Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668
Philippine Association of Service Exporters v. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386
Rubi v. Provincial Board of Mindoro, 39 Phil. 660
Silverio v. CA, April 8, 1991
Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778
ACCESS TO PUBLIC INFORMATION
Aquino-Sarmiento v. Morato, 203 SCRA 515
Baldoza v. Dimaano, 71 SCRA 14
Tanada v. Tuvera, 146 SCRA 44
Valmonte v. Belmonte, Feb. 13, 1989
RIGHT TO FORM UNIONS, ASSOCIATIONS OR SOCIETIES
CENECO v. Secretary of Labor, 201 SCRA 584
In re: Edillon, 84 SCRA 554
Occea v. Comelec, 127 SCRA 404
People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382
SSS Employees Association v. CA, 175 SCRA 686
Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers Union, 59 SCRA 54
CONTRACT CLAUSE
Conference of Maritime Manning Agencies v. POEA, Apr. 21, 1995
Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell, 290 U.S. 398
Lozano v. Martinez, 146 SCRA 323
Ortigas v. Feati Bank, 94 SCRA 533
Presley v. Bel-Air Village Association, 201 SCRA 13
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U. S. 379
MIRANDA RIGHTS
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436
People v. Endino, 353 SCRA 307
Gamboa v. Cruz, 162 SCRA 642
People v. Base, 329 SCRA 158
Magtoto v. Manguera, 63 SCRA 4
People v. Mahinay, 302 SCRA 385
People v. Obrero, 332 SCRA 190
People v. Agustin, 240 SCRA 541
People v. Bacamante, Sept. 5, 1995
People v. Ballesteros, 237 SCRA
People v. Bandula, May 27, 1994

People v. Barasina, Jan. 21, 1994

People v. Bolanos, 211 SCRA 262
People v. Daniega, Dec. 29, 1995
People v. De Guzman, 224 SCRA 93
People v. De La Cruz, 224 SCRA 506
People v. De Lara, 236 SCRA 291
People v. Dimaano, 209 SCRA 819
People v. Galit, 135 SCRA 465
People v. Luvendino, 211 SCRA 36
People v. Maqueda, March 22, 1995
Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S. 478
People v. Andan, March 3, 1997
People v. Teehankee, Oct. 6, 1995
People v. Gamer, Feb. 29, 2000
Gutang v. People, July 11, 2000
RIGHT TO BAIL
Comendador v. De Villa, 200 SCRA 80
Dela Camara v. Enage, 41 SCRA 3
Enrile v. Salazar, 186 SCRA 217
Paderanga v. CA, Aug. 28, 1995
People v. Donato, June 5, 1991
Govt. of the United States v. Purganan, Sept. 24, 2002
Tucay v. Domagas, 242 SCRA 110
Maguddatu v. CA, Feb. 23, 2000
RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED
Estrada v. Desierto, March 2, 2001
Abadia v. CA, Sept. 23, 1994
Corpuz v. People, 194 SCRA 73
Cosep v. People, May 21, 1998
Dumlao v. Comelec, 95 SCRA 392
Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335
Guerrero v. CA, June 28, 1996
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436
People v. Esparas, Aug. 21, 1996
People v. Holgado, 86 Phil. 752
People v. Macaraeg, 141 SCRA 37
People v. Mapalao, 197 SCRA 79
People v. Martos, 211 SCRA 805
People v. Tampal, 244 SCRA 202
People v. Teehankee, Oct. 6, 1995
Mapa v. Sandiganbayan, April 26, 1994
HABEAS CORPUS
Caunca v. Salazar, 82 Phil. 851
Ex Parte Merryman, 17 Fed. Cas. No. 9487
Ex parte Milligan, 71 U.S. 2
In re Yamashita, 327 U. S. 1
In re: Sumulong, Dec. 25, 1995
Magno v. CA, 212 SCRA 229
Ordonez v. Director of Prisons, 235 SCRA 152
SPEEDY DISPOSITION OF CASES
Abadia v. CA, 236 SCRA 676
RIGHT AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION
Pascual v. Board of Medical Examiners, May 26, 1969
People v. Tranca, Aug. 17, 1994
Villaflor v. Summers, 41 Phil. 62
RIGHT AGAINST INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE
Bailey v. Alabama, 219 U. S. 219; 55 L. Ed. 191
US v. Pompeya, 31 Phil. 245
CRUEL AND INHUMAN PUNISHMENT

People v. Dacuycuy, 173 SCRA 90

People v. Echegaray, G.R. 117472, Feb. 7, 1997
Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, GR 132601, Jan. 19, 1999
People v. Esparas, July 10, 1998
NON IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT
Lozano v. Martinez, 146 SCRA 323
People v. Nitafan, 207 SCRA 726
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
People v. Quijada, July 24, 1996
Almario v. CA, 355 SCRA 1
Comelec v. CA, 229 SCRA 501
People v. Pineda, Feb. 11, 1993
People v. Relova, 148 SCRA 292
People v. Vergara, 221 SCRA 560
United States v. Lanza, 260 U. S. 377; 67 L. Ed. 314
Palko v. State of Connecticut, 302 U. S. 319
Cuison v. CA, April 15, 1998
Manantan v. CA, 350 SCRA 387
EX POST FACTO LAWS AND BILL OF ATTAINDER
In re Kay Villegas Kami, Inc., 35 SCRA 429
Bayot v. Sandiganbayan, 128 SCRA 383
Calder v. Bull, 3 Dallas 386
Cummings v. Missouri, 71 U.S. 277
Misolas v. Panga, Jan. 30, 1990
People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382
United States v. Lovett, 328 U. S. 303
Wright v. CA, Aug. 15, 1994
Lacson v. Exec. Secretary, Jan. 20, 1999
ACADEMIC FREEDOM
Alcuaz v. PSBA, May 2, 1988
Ateneo De Manila v. Capulong, May 27, 1993
Isabelo v. Perpetual Help College of Rizal, Nov. 8, 1993
Non v. Dames II, 185 SCRA 523
University of San Agustin v. CA, March 7, 1994
University of San Carlos v. CA, Oct. 18, 1988
UP v. Ayson, Aug. 17, 1989