Human Factors: Questions & Answers (CAP 715 & 716)

HUMAN FACTORS
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

(CAP 715 & 716 )
Questions 1 10
1.
Accidents and engineering faults are
significant and increasing
insignificant and increasing
insignificant and decreasing
2.
Human error is a causal factor in what percentage of aviation accidents and incidents?
60%
25%
80%
3.
Murphy's law is perpetuated mainly by
poor aircraft design
violations
complacency
4.
Murphy's law can be regarded as the notion
'If something can go wrong, it will'
'It can never happen to me'
'If something goes wrong I am certain to get the blame
5.
A company's safety policy should be defined in
the Maintenance Schedule
CAP 716
the Maintenance Organization Exposition
6.
Which of the following is least associated with the

study of human factors?
Ergonomics
Health and Safety
Human error
7.
The incident where a 737 lost oil from both engines is

a direct result of
poor design
human error
engine vibration
8.
If a 737 had both engines serviced and lost oil from both engines in flight. This
would be a direct result of human error
can be considered an acceptable probability
can be expected to happen statistically due to the number of aircraft in service
9.
What do you do when someone is hypothermic?
Give them a drink because of dehydration
Feed them sweet things because of their diabetes
Warm them up
10.
The percentage of accidents attributable to aircraft

maintenance and inspection causes is
now less significant due to more advanced maintenance practices
significant and rising
now less significant due to the introduction of more sophisticated aircraft
Answers for Questions 1 10

1.
significant and increasing

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.2.5 CAP 716 App.G pg.2 Para 1.3.1
2.
80%
Comment/Reference: CAP 716 CH 8 pg 2 middle of page & CAP 718 CH 1 para 4.3
3.
complacency
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.3.1
4.
'If something can go wrong, it will'

5.
the Maintenance Organization Exposition

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.2
6.
Health and Safety

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.9 (1st Para.)
7.
human error
Comment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.4 Para.5.4.2 and App.F Para.1.7
8.
would be a direct result of human error

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.F Para 1.7
9.
Warm them up
Comment/Reference: Hypothermia is dangerously low body temperature
10.
significant and rising

Comment/Reference: CAP 718 Ch.1 Para.1 and 4. CAP 716 App.G Para.1.3.1.
Questions 11 20
11.
What happened to contribute towards the incident in 1995 where a Boeing 737 lost oil pressure and had to
divert?
Both warning indications were faulty, due to crossed connections
The boroscope inspection had been inadequate
The HP rotor drive covers of both engines had not been refitted after a boroscope inspection
12.
What is the most common cause of in-flight engine shutdown?
Foreign object damage
Improper fault isolation, inspection or test
Incomplete installation
13.
Most engineering related incidents are due to
installing dirty connectors
installing worn or old components
installing components incorrectly
14.
What causes the most aircraft accidents?
Misunderstanding between ATC and pilot on approach
Communication
Technical faults
15.
What is meant by a 'mind set'?
You have preconceived ideas about something
You are unsure of a situation
You are unwilling to change your mind about something
16.
70 - 80% of the total focusing ability of the eye is

carried out by the
iris
cornea
lens
17.
At what distance should a person without hearing

difficulties be able to hear an average conversational voice in a quiet room
3 meters (9 feet
2 meters (6 feet)
1 meter (3 feet)
18.
A perforated ear drum could occur if
you were subjected to intermittent noise above 25 kHz
you were subjected to continuous noise below 8 kHz
you blew your nose excessively
19.
How long is the short term memory good for remembering 7 items?
Up to 30 seconds
30 to 60 seconds
Above 60 seconds
20.
What is white finger?
A skin disorder caused by extensive contact with oils and solvents
A reaction when the white blood cells die and contaminate the fingers
A disorder of the finger which may occur through continuous use of pneumatic tools because of reduced
blood flow

1.
The HP rotor drive covers of both engines had not been refitted after a boroscope inspection
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.6 App.F Para.1.7 or CAP715. Ch.1 Para. 2.6.1 4th incident.
2.
Incomplete installation
Comment/Reference: In a Boeing study of 276 in-flight shutdowns, 94% of were due to incomplete, improper
installation, damage on installation, equipment not installed - FOD was a contributing factor.
3.
installing components incorrectly

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.2
4.
Communication
Comment/Reference: Deduced from CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.2.2 since 'inadequate cross check' is a communication
problem.
5.
You are unwilling to change your mind about something

Comment/Reference:
6.
cornea
7.
2 metres (6 feet)
Comment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.3.5 and CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.10.1
8.
you were subjected to continuous noise below 8 kHz

Comment/Reference: Normal audible range is 20 - 20,000 Hz (CAP 715 Ch.5 Para.1.1). 8 kHz is high
frequency. Anything below that can cause damage if sound level is too high.
9.
Up to 30 seconds
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.5.
10.
A disorder of the finger which may occur through continuous use of pneumatic tools because of reduced blood
flow
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.5 Para.5.2.
Questions 21 30
21.
When someone is working in an enclosed space (such a fuel tank), another person should be outside the space
in constant communication to
provide instructions to the tradesman
for safety reasons
ensure compliance with the maintenance manual
22.
The scientific study of measurements of the human body is known as
anthropometrics
physiology
ergonomics
23.
How long can the aural reflex protect the ear from loud noise?
15 seconds
15 minutes
5 seconds
24.
What part of the eye controls the amount of light that is allowed to enter the eye?
The pupil
The cornea
The iris
25.
Learning of a routine by repeated practice is known as
motor programming
episodic memory
cognitive learning
26.
The ear is used to detect
acceleration
neither acceleration nor speed
speed
27.
Light enters the eye through the
visual cortex
cornea
retina
28.
To focus on a near object, the lens of the eye must
be flattened
be thickened
be widened
29.
Which type of memory is most susceptible to interference from external influences?
Long term
Ultra short term
Short term
30.
Peripheral vision is detected by the
rods
cones
fovea
1.
for safety reasons

Comment/Reference: CAP715 Ch.5 Para. 6 This is the normal procedure for the safety of the tradesman
2.
anthropometrics
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para.1.4.4 From the Greek 'Anthropos' meaning 'a man' and 'Metron'
meaning 'measurement'
3.
15 minutes
4.
The iris
5.
motor programming
6.
acceleration
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.1.1
7.
cornea
8.
be thickened
9.
Short term
10.
rods
Questions 31 40
31.
Extreme discomfort experienced by a maintenance

engineer due to working in a confined space is known as
claustrophobia
agoraphobia
acrophobia
32.
What part of the eye is colour sensitive?
The rods
The cones
The iris
33.
What type of lens is used to overcome short sightedness?
Convex
Bi-focal
Concave
34.
The type of memory which is most easily influenced by a person's expectations of what should have happened
is the
long term memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
35.
The inability for the eyes to accommodate sufficiently is known as
Hypermetropia
Presbyopia
Myopia
36.
An aircraft maintenance engineer who wears glasses or

contact lenses should
not require their duties to be restricted providing they wear their glasses/contact lenses at all times they
carry out their duties
have their duties restricted accordingly.
not require their duties to be restricted providing they have frequent checks to ensure the adequacy of
their glasses/contact lenses.
37.
Ultra short term memory has a duration of about
80 - 100 milliseconds
10 to 20 seconds
2 seconds
38.
What type of lens is used to correct long sightedness?
Bi-focal
Convex
Concave
39.
Visual Acuity is the ability
to detect objects in the peripheral vision
to differentiate between different colours
of the eye to discriminate sharp detail at varying distances
40.
The 'working memory' is
ultra short term memory
long term memory
short term memory

1.
claustrophobia
2.
The cones
3.
Concave
4.
episodic memory
5.
Presbyopia
6.
not require their duties to be restricted providing they have frequent checks to ensure the adequacy of their
glasses/contact lenses.
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.2.12.2 and Ch.6 Para.3.3
7.
2 seconds
8.
Convex
9.
of the eye to discriminate sharp detail at varying distances

10.
short term memory

Questions 41 50
41.
Colour defective vision affects
almost 1 in 10 of women
more women than men
almost 1 in 10 of men
42.
At lower light levels, the visual sensing is performed mainly by the
cones
fovea
rods
43.
If an image formed on the retina of the eye is inverted relative to the viewers normal perception of the image,
the viewer will
consciously mentally revert the image so as to make sense of his/her surroundings
become disoriented and dizzy
behave and feel normal
44.
People with colour defective vision usually have difficulty differentiating between
blue and yellow
blue and green
red and green
45.
The 'cocktail party effect' is descriptive of
focused attention
divided attention
selective attention
46.
Hypermetropia is the medical name for
long sightedness
deafness
short sightedness
47.
What range of sound is usually impaired first with the onset of presbycusis?
Mid range sound
Low pitch sound
High pitch sound
48.
The amount of light which is allowed to enter the eye can vary by a factor of
5:1
500:1
50:1
49.
Presbyopia often affects the eyes of people after the age of
70
40
55
50.
From what age does hearing ability normally begin to decline?
40
30
50
1.
almost 1 in 10 of men
2.
rods
3.
behave and feel normal

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 CH 2 para 4.3.8, The lens of the eye inverts the image, which is subconsciously
reverted by the brain.
4.
red and green

5.
selective attention
6.
long sightedness
7.
High pitch sound

8.
5:1
9.
40
10.
30
Questions 51 60
51.
A person with 20/40 vision has
better eyesight than a person with 20/20 vision
worse eyesight as a person with 20/20 vision
the same eyesight as a person with 20/20 vision
52.
Long term memory capacity is usually
12 months
unlimited
4 - 8 years
53.
The inability for the eyes to accommodate sufficiently is known as
hypermetropia
presbyopia
myopia
54.
Ultra short term memory has a duration of about
2 seconds
10 to 20 seconds
80 - 100 milliseconds
55.
The memory can be aided by
mind logging
memory checking
a checklist
56.
In AWN 47 what is the recommended hearing test?
The ability to hear an average conversation voice at a distance of 6 feet
The ability to hear a certain noise at 8 feet
57.
Iconic memory
stores visual information and lasts up to 2 seconds
stores visual information and lasts up to 1/2 second
stores sounds and lasts up to 2 seconds
58.
The first stage in information processing is
memorizing
decision
perception
59.
Information, if not rehearsed is lost in
1 minute
30 - 40 seconds
10 - 20 seconds
60.
In AWN 47, what is the standard hearing test?
The ability to hear a conversation in a quiet room at 10 metres
The ability to hear a conversation in a noisy room at 2 metres
1.
worse eyesight as a person with 20/20 vision

2.
unlimited
3.
presbyopia
4.
2 seconds
5.
a checklist
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.6 Para.4.5 ('appropriate guidance material')
6.

Comment/Reference: AWN 47 Par.3.5
7.
stores visual information and lasts up to 1/2 second

8.
perception
9.
10 - 20 seconds
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.5 & 4.5.6
10.

Comment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.35
Questions 61 70
61.
Information in the short term memory not rehearsed will be lost in
2 - 3 weeks
1 - 3 months
10 - 20 seconds
62.
What is the CAA standard for vision?
Acceptable uncorrected vision
18/20 vision
Acceptable corrected vision
63.
In the human eye most of the refraction required to bring an image into focus on the retina is accomplished by
the
lens
iris
cornea
64.
The average capacity of the working memory is about
12 chunks of information
65.
The retina is situated
in front of the cornea
behind the cornea with the lens
at the back of the eye with the optic nerve
66.
Motor programme refers to
motivational computer software
a task that becomes programmed into short term memory
a task that has been carried out so many times that it becomes automatic
67.
Memory which can be influenced by a persons expectations of what should have happened is
semantic
episodic
echoic
68.
Information in the long term memory
is easily transferred to the short term memory
is only available under hypnosis
is easily lost
69.
How many things can be stored in the short term memory?
0-5
No limit
9 15
70.
In the eye, the cones are used mainly in
bright light levels and they give poor colour vision
low light levels and they give poor colour vision
bright light to give fine detail
1.
10 - 20 seconds
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.5 & 4.5.6
2.
Acceptable corrected vision

Comment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.3.4
3.
cornea
4.
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.5 Short term memory (aka working memory) is also known as the
7 +/-2 memory
5.
at the back of the eye with the optic nerve

6.
a task that has been carried out so many times that it becomes automatic
7.
episodic
8.
is easily lost
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.7 - 8 &
CAP 719 Ch 3 para 2.5
9.
9 - 15
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.4.5.5 7+/-2 makes 5 or 9, but 9 - 15 is considered correct due to
memory enhancement techniques (grouping).
10.
bright light to give fine detail

Questions 71 80
71.
A person suffering from presbyopia would normally
have defective colour vision and not be allowed to carry out maintenance work on cable looms
wear spectacles when reading or carrying out close detail work
be short sighted and need to wear spectacles to see objects more than 30 cm away
72.
Noise signals are carried to the brain by the
Eustachian nerve
sensory nerve
auditory nerve
73.
Poking sharp objects into the ear should be avoided as it is likely to result in
conductive hearing loss
tinnitus ringing
tympanic membrane perforation
74.
Attention Getters are designed to
to gain the operators attention whilst allowing them to continue with the task in hand
to make the operator focus his/her attention fully on the task in hand
to get the operators full attention
75.
At what maximum frequency does the human ear hear?
8 kHz
20 kHz
16 kHz
76.
Motor programmes
are behavior subroutines
require conscious thought to engage
are stored as working rules in long term memory
77.
The pupil of the eye grows smaller
to focus the fovea
in condition of increased light
in condition of reduced light
78.
Conductive deafness can be caused by damage to the
semi circular canals
cochlea
otoliths
79.
Detail is best sensed by the ______ and movement best sensed by the ______
the periphery and the periphery
the periphery and fovea
the fovea and periphery
80.
If a person is colour blind, which colours would be most difficult to see?
Yellow and red

Red and green
Blue and red
1.
wear spectacles when reading or carrying out close detail work

2.
auditory nerve
3.
tympanic membrane perforation

Comment/Reference:
Tympanic
membrane
www.hearingcenteronline.com/diction_stu.shtml
is
the
technical
name
for
the
ear
drum,
4.
to get the operators full attention

Comment/Reference: Attention Getters are used in advertisements and posters etc to grab the operators full
attention.
5.
20 kHz
6.
are stored as working rules in long term memory

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch 2 para 4.6
7.
in condition of increased light

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 para 2.3
8.
cochlea
Comment/Reference: I think Cochlea is the wrong answer, Conductive deafness is a outer or middle ear
problem and the cochlea is in the inner ear.
www.encylopedia.com/doc/1E1-deafness.html
9.
the fovea and periphery

10.
Red and green

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 para 2.11.2
Questions 81 90
81.
Myopia is _______ and a ______ lens is needed to correct it
short sightedness and convex
long sightedness and concave
short sightedness and concave
82.
The Otoliths detect
both angular and linear acceleration
angular acceleration
linear acceleration
83.
The nose
warms the air into the lungs
filters, warms and moistens the air into the lungs
filters the air into the lungs
84.
The most common cause of myopia is
a shortened eyeball
an elongated eyeball
weak accommodation
85.
It is generally true that group decisions are ___________ than the average individual decision within a group.
more prone to error
worse
better
86.
Whose decision must be obeyed?
That of the most experienced person
That of the most forceful person
That of the person with the higher status
87.
Whose responsibility is it to minimise human factors incidents in your company?
The accountable manager's
The Manager's
Everyone's
88.
What is peer group pressure?
Our behaviour influenced by our friends and colleagues.

The influence an individual has over a group of people
The influence the House of Lords have over the House of Commons
89.
Which of the following statements best defines peer pressure?
Your girlfriend wants to go to a dance, but you have to do overtime
Your manager is telling you to hurry up and get a job finished
Your colleagues are telling you to hurry up as when you finish your job, you can all go home
90.
A regular behavior of an individual is known as
habit
the norm
culture
1.
short sightedness and concave

2.
linear acceleration
Comment/Reference: look under Function here
www.tchain.com/otoneurology/disorders/bppv/otholiths.html#orientation
3.
filters, warms and moistens the air into the lungs

Comment/Reference:
www.britannica.com/ebc/article-205723
4.
an elongated eyeball
5.
better
Comment/Reference:
6.
That of the person with the higher status

Comment/Reference:
7.
Everyone's
Comment/Reference:
8.
Our behavior influenced by our friends and colleagues.

9.
Your colleagues are telling you to hurry up as when you finish your job, you can all go home
Comment/Reference:
10.
habit
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Par.2.5.2.
Questions 91 100
91.
In a discussion, the person who is most likely to be agreed with is
the most argumentative person
the person who repeats the point most times
the person with the highest status
92.
An engineer who has developed his own way of performing a task
is in regular violation
should be commended for his resourcefulness
is improving maintenance efficiency
93.
The aim of human factors programs within an organizations is
to safeguard the health and safety of maintenance personnel by reducing accidents in the workplace
to optimize the relationship between maintenance personnel and systems with a view to improving safety,
efficiency and well-being
to reduce costs by increasing efficiency, safety and quality and decreasing waste through human error
94.
An aircraft engineer who has 'responsibility'
are liable to be called to account as being in charge or control of, or answerable for something
must be licensed on the particular type of aircraft
is in a management position within their company hierarchy
95.
The impact of human factors and human error is most important to
It is equally important to technicians, engineers, planners and managers
technicians and engineers
planners and managers
96.
Where are the responsibilities of Licensed Aircraft

Engineers laid down?
The Air Navigation Order
CAP 715
AWN 3
97.
Diffusion of responsibility may occur
with certain people whether they are working in a team or alone
to an individual working as a member of a team
to an individual working alone
98.
'Risky shift' is
the name given to an inadequate shift handover
the tendency for a group of workers to arrive at a course of action which is riskier than that which any
individual member might pursue
the probability of being assigned to a work task which involves some element of risk or physical danger
99.
To ensure that a technician remains reasonably current on the aircraft types to which they hold authorizations,
they are required that
they are involved in at least 6 months of actual aircraft maintenance experience in any 2 year period and
they have appropriate continuation/refresher training
they have appropriate continuation/refresher training only
they are involved in at least 6 months of actual aircraft maintenance experience in any 2 year period only.
100.
The difference between what a person 'can' do and what he 'will' do is largely determined by his
motivation
education and training
physical and mental health

1.
the person with the highest status
Comment/Reference: No reference found in CAP 715 or 716, but this is one of the problems found with pilots
'steep cockpit status gradient'
2.
is in regular violation
3.
to optimize the relationship between maintenance personnel and systems with a view to improving safety,
efficiency and well-being
Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.S Para.2.2 and CAp 715 Ch.1 Para.1.4.3
4.
are liable to be called to account as being in charge or control of, or answerable for something
5.
It is equally important to technicians, engineers, planners and managers

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.S Para.3.1
6.
AWN 3
Comment/Reference: AWN 3
7.
to an individual working as a member of a team

8.
the tendency for a group of workers to arrive at a course of action which is riskier than that which any individual
member might pursue
9.
they are involved in at least 6 months of actual aircraft maintenance experience in any 2 year period and they
have appropriate continuation/refresher training
Comment/Reference: EASA Part-145, 66 and AWN 3 and CAP 716 Ch.4 Para.4.3 ";
10.
motivation
Questions 101 110

101.
Whose responsibility is it that an engineer remains current on new technology and procedures?
The organization's
The engineer's
The CAA's
102.
According to Maslow, safety needs (protection from potentially dangerous objects or situations)
is the most primal need of humans
is the last need of human after all other needs have been satisfied.
is second only to physiological needs (food drink, oxygen etc.)
103.
The symptoms of de-motivation are very similar to the symptoms of
mental illness
stress
tiredness
104.
The desire of an individual to 'conform' to a group by allowing one's opinions, attitudes and actions to be
affected by prevailing conditions is known as
esteem needs
culture issues
peer pressure
105.
'Confirmation bias' is
an inspection of work carried out by an independent inspector or supervisor
error in work carried out by a supervisor who has also inspected and signed for his own work
the subconscious attention to evidence which confirms an engineer's beliefs, and inattention to evidence
which contradicts his beliefs
106.
A person with low self-esteem is
Conformity to peer pressure is not affected by level of self-esteem
more likely to conform to peer pressure
less likely to conform to peer pressure
107.
Motivation is
a reward or punishment designed to increase work rate
the thing that drives someone to do something
a reward or punishment designed to reduce errors
108.
Peer pressure is
the perceived pressure to conform to what you believe your colleagues expect of you.
the perceived pressure to carry out a task in the same way your colleagues would
typified by the expression
109.
The eyesight of an engineer is the responsibility of
the optician
the engineer
the Quality Manager
110.
A good team is one where every member has
an opinion
a job
an input
1.
The engineer's
2.
is second only to physiological needs (food drink, oxygen etc.)

3.
stress
4.
peer pressure
5.
the subconscious attention to evidence which confirms an engineer's beliefs, and inattention to evidence which
contradicts his beliefs
6.
more likely to conform to peer pressure

7.
the thing that drives someone to do something

8.
the perceived pressure to conform to what you believe your colleagues expect of you.
9.
the engineer
10.
an input
Questions 111 120

111.
AWN 47 states that the engineer
is responsible for the work he has signed for
does not report for work if unfit
is responsible for health and safety
112.
An effective group work is when
everyone has a job to do
everyone discusses ideas and opinions
everyone contributes in some way
113.
Which of the following defines a peer pressure situation?
Your girlfriend telling you to go out with her
Your colleagues pressuring you to work faster so they can go home
Your supervising manager pressuring you to complete the current task on time
114.
Successful working teams have the following attributes:

All the team members work in isolation and therefore provide highly individual solutions to the same
problems
All the members participate in team activities and discussions
Members participate in team activities but retain their own individual requirements
115.
Good aircraft maintenance supervisory judgment is usually based upon
the evidence available and forceful management ability
knowledge and experience and reference to course notes
knowledge and experience and reference to approved data
116.
Organizational culture (whether good or bad) is best

described as
written procedures
'the way we do things around here'
team resource management
117.
In an organization which practices human factors there is
a no blame culture
no blame unless there is a deliberate violation
punishment for all violations
118.
A person can be said to be motivated if
they are on a productivity bonus
they cut corners to get the job done quickly
they are taking action to achieve something
119.
Group polarisation can result in
a group making a better decision than the individual
members of the group not talking to one another
a group making a more cautious or extreme decision
120.
Who is most likely to deviate from standard procedure?
Young, inexperienced man
Old tired man
Over confident, young man
1.
does not report for work if unfit

2.
everyone contributes in some way

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.3 Para 6.1.1
3.
Your colleagues pressuring you to work faster so they can go home

4.
Members participate in team activities but retain their own individual requirements
Comment/Reference: Closest reference found to this is CAP 715 Ch.3 Para.6
5.
knowledge and experience and reference to approved data

Comment/Reference: Closest reference found to this is CAP 715 Ch.6 Para.4.5
6.
'the way we do things around here'

7.
no blame unless there is a deliberate violation

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.E
8.
they are taking action to achieve something

9.
a group making a more cautious or extreme decision

10.
Over confident, young man

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.R Para.1.2
Questions 121 130
121.
The ideal behavior of a professional aircraft engineer is
goal directed rather than person directed
both person and goal directed
neither person or goal directed
122.
If a written handover is complicated, but an overstressed engineer makes an extra effort to complete it without
compliance with Rules and Regulations of the maintenance organization. This is
a Maintenance Organization Rule
motivation
initiative
123.
What is the main effect of having hypertension?
Migraine
Angina
Stroke
124.
Information on drugs and alcohol can be found in
BCARs
AWN 47
AWN 3
125.
When a person gets older, their reactions
decrease and become less accurate
increase and become more accurate
decrease and become more accurate
126.
Slow wave sleep is also known as
paradoxical sleep
stages 3 and 4 sleep
REM
127.
Which of the following is a reason that the body requires oxygen?
To combat impurities in the blood
To help digest food
To produce carbon dioxide
128.
If you have been prescribed new medicine by your doctor you should
give the new medication a 24 hour trial
take 3 days off work to try out the new medication
continue with your normal shift pattern
129.
After a general anaesthetic you should
return to work as soon as possible
not return to work for at least 24 to 48 hours (depending on the individual)
take at least 7 days off work
130.
Your doctor has prescribed you tranquillizers as you are suffering from depression. You should
not work at all when taking the tranquillizers

not tell your employer and carry on work as normal
tell your employer and carry on work as normal
1.
both person and goal directed

Comment/Reference:
2.
motivation
Comment/Reference: The stress is the motivation for the non-compliance.
3.
Stroke
Comment/Reference:
4.
AWN 47
5.
decrease and become more accurate

Comment/Reference: Assuming this is within a person's normal working age, i.e. reactions are slower but hand
skills and general technical aptitude is greater
6.
stages 3 and 4 sleep

Comment/Reference:
7.
To help digest food

Comment/Reference:
8.
give the new medication a 24 hour trial

Comment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.3.7 and CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3
9.
not return to work for at least 24 to 48 hours (depending on the individual)

Comment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.3.9
10.
not work at all when taking the tranquillizers

Comment/Reference: AWN 47 App.1 Para.1 (ii
Questions 131 140
131.
Due to our circadian rhythms, maintenance errors are more likely to occur when the body temperature
reaches its lowest point
is mid-way between its highest and lowest point
reaches its highest point
132.
The use of 'pep' pills by an aircraft engineer
can only be used if prescribed by your doctor
should never be done (except for coffee)
is recommended only when working late or on night shift as they stimulate the senses and make you less
prone to accidents
133.
You are taking SUDAFED to relieve nasal congestion. You should
avoid making engineering decisions or performing licensed duties
stay away from work until you no longer require the SUDAFED
continue to take them at work because SUDAFED has no side effects
134.
Absenteeism is an indication of stress. It is what type of reaction?
Active coping
Cognitive coping
Passive coping
135.
What is slow wave sleep?
Stage 2- 4 sleep
Paradoxical sleep
REM
136.
Phase 3/4 sleep
occurs only once per sleep cycle
is most beneficial for the body's restoration
can be induced by alcohol
137.
Human error can be caused by
normal body temperature
low body temperature
high body temperature
138.
What meal is most recommended after a long shift?
High carbohydrates
Low carbohydrates
High protein
139.
Long shift work will
initially decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability but eventually increase your diagnostic and
maintenance ability as you get used to it
always decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability
always increase your diagnostic and maintenance ability
140.
The circadian cycle body temperature
varies by 1.5F
does not vary
varies by 1.5C
1.
reaches its lowest point

Comment/Reference:
2.
should never be done (except for coffee)

Comment/Reference: AWN 47 App.1 Para.1 (v) and CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3
3.
avoid making engineering decisions or performing licensed duties

Comment/Reference: AWN 47 App.1 Para.1 (ix) and CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3
4.
Passive coping
Comment/Reference:
5.
Stage 2- 4 sleep
6.
is most beneficial for the body's restoration

7.
low body temperature

Comment/Reference: Both high and low body temperature can cause error. The answer here is taken from CAP
716 App.K Para.4.2
8.
High carbohydrates
Comment/Reference: Carbohydrates replace blood sugar levels most quickly
9.
always decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability

10.
varies by 1.5F
Comment/Reference: Body temperature varies from 98.5 deg.F (daytime) and drops to about 97 deg.F (at
about 3-4am)
Questions 141 150
141.
Acute stress is
a frequently reoccurring stress or of long duration
typically intense but of short duration
intense stress of long duration
142.
Chronic stress is
intense stress of long duration
143.
Smoking cannabis
subtly impairs performance for up to 24 hours
has only a short term affect upon performance
has a noticeable affect on a persons behaviour and performance for up to 24 hours
144.
Performance is
directly proportional to the individuals state of arousal
inversely proportional to the individuals state of arousal
greatest only at one optimum level of arousal but diminishes as arousal decreases or increases
145.
Missing a break in an effort to get a job done within a certain time frame
can be done by those actually doing the job providing the supervisors take regular breaks
can be done providing adequate rest period is available at the end of the shift
can be counterproductive, as fatigue diminishes motor skills, perception, awareness and standards.
146.
Tiredness causes visual acuity to
Visual acuity is not affected by tiredness
decrease
increase
147.
Narrowing of attention occurs at
low levels of arousal
both high and low levels of arousal
high levels of arousal
148.
The blood/alcohol limit is
20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and
maintenance engineers
20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and 80
milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for maintenance engineers
40 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood
149.
Paradoxical sleep is also known as
Stage 3 sleep
Stage 4 sleep
REM sleep
150.
When taking medicine for the first time
consult a doctor if you need to carry out any duties
absent yourself from work for the duration of use of the medicine
take the first dose at least 24 hours before any duty to ensure that it does not have any adverse effects
1.

2.

3.
subtly impairs performance for up to 24 hours

4.
greatest only at one optimum level of arousal but diminishes as arousal decreases or increases
5.
can be counterproductive, as fatigue diminishes motor skills, perception, awareness and standards.
6.
decrease
7.
high levels of arousal

8.
20 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for commercial aircrew, air traffic controllers and 80
milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood for maintenance engineers
Comment/Reference: AWN 45 Para 6.2
9.
REM sleep
10.
take the first dose at least 24 hours before any duty to ensure that it does not have any adverse effects
Comment/Reference: AWN 47 Para.3.7 (b)
Questions 151 160
151.
For a man to maintain his fitness and health the conducive maximum recommended alcohol intake is
28 units per day
3 - 4 units per week
28 units per week
152.
Human Circadian rhythms cycle on a
25 hour timescale
8 hour timescale
24 hour time scale
153.
Removal of alcohol from the blood stream
cannot be speeded up
can be speeded up by drinking strong coffee
can be speeded up by sleeping
154.
For a person with normal Circadian rhythms, the body temperature will be lowest
at midday
upon waking
between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morning
155.
If a maintenance engineer has a cold or flu he should
absent himself from duty until fully recovered, regardless of other factors
only absent himself from duty if his work contract includes sickness pay
only absent himself from duty if there are no staff shortages at his workplace or within his work team
156.
Consumption of alcohol
increases mental and physical reaction times
decreases mental and physical reaction times
has no affect upon mental and physical reaction times
157.
Alertness and performance is reduced when the body temperature is
above normal
below normal
either above or below normal
158.
A good rule of thumb for an adequate amount of sleep is
one hour of high quality sleep is good for two hours of activity
two hours of high quality sleep is good for one hour of activity
one hour of high quality sleep is good for one hour of activity
159.
Finding that familiar tasks (such as programming the video recorder) seems more complicated than usual, could
be an early indication of
a cold or flu
acute stress
chronic fatigue
160.
The only permitted stimulant is
caffeine
amphetamine
bromine
1.
28 units per week

2.
25 hour timescale
3.
cannot be speeded up
4.
between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morning

5.
absent himself from duty until fully recovered, regardless of other factors
6.
increases mental and physical reaction times

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.3.1 Please think about the wording very carefully
7.
below normal
8.
one hour of high quality sleep is good for two hours of activity
9.
chronic fatigue
10.
caffeine
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3 and AWN 47 App. Para.(v)
Questions 161 170

161.
Large amounts of caffeine can
reduce anxiety and stress
improve alertness and increase awareness
cause anxiety, headaches and stress
162.
The symptoms of stress are
violence, sickness, absence from work, drug and alcohol abuse
irritability, forgetfulness, sickness, absence from work, drug and alcohol abuse
indications of improved work performance
163.
Sleeping tablets can
slow reaction and dull the senses
increase alertness after waking the following morning
help REM sleep and realign circadian rhythms
164.
Information for certifying staff when medically unfit is found in
AWN 47
ANO
AWN 3
165.
What effect would the consumption of 3 - 5 units of alcohol?
Loss of quality of sleep
Low REM sleep
A drop in body temperature
166.
Long shift work
increases the ability to recognize defects
has no effect on the ability to recognize defects
decreases the ability to recognize defects
167.
Circadian Rhythms control
body temperature
sleeping patterns
urine output
168.
Cycles of sleep repeat
approximately 20 minutes
approximately each 4 hours
approximately each 90 minutes
169.
A stimulant allowed to be taken without a doctor's prescription is
antihistamine
caffeine
bromine
170.
The conditions laid down in AWN 47 are applicable to aircraft engineers
when under the influence of drink or drugs
for their safety at work
who sign for work completed
1.
cause anxiety, headaches and stress

2.
irritability, forgetfulness, sickness, absence from work, drug and alcohol abuse
Comment/Reference: AWN 47 and CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.2.3.4
3.
slow reaction and dull the senses

4.
AWN 47
5.
Loss of quality of sleep

Comment/Reference: Alcohol produces a loss of quality sleep.
6.
decreases the ability to recognize defects

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.1 Para 1.5
7.
body temperature
8.
approximately each 90 minutes

9.
caffeine
Comment/Reference: AWN 47 App. Para (v) and CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3
10.
when under the influence of drink or drugs

Comment/Reference: AWN 47 Paras 2.1 and 2.2
Questions 171 180

171.
Consumption of 3 - 4 units of alcohol before sleep can
increase REM sleep
decrease the quality of sleep
lower the body temperature
172.
The cycles of body temperature, sleep requirement and alertness are called
ecto - meridian cycles
circadian rhythms
earth cycles
173.
The intake of caffeine in moderate quantities can result in
a temporary increase in the ability to sustain vigilance and increased alertness
anxiety, headaches and negative mood states
lack of sleep and subsequent disruption to the circadian rhythms
174.
Working excessively long shifts during unsociable hours can lead to
increased ability to detect defects during aircraft maintenance
decreased ability to detect defects during aircraft maintenance
an increased immunity to stress
175.
In theory, human error is most likely to occur
when the body temperature is at its lowest
when the body temperature is stable
during very hot weather
176.
An individual suffering from stress when confronted

with a task within his capability is likely to think the task is
someone else's responsibility
not demanding enough
too demanding
177.
AWN 47 does not mention
pep's
sudafed
melatonin
178.
3 - 4 units of alcohol taken before sleep reduces
both
quality of sleep
quantity of sleep
179.
Which is important in sleep?
Quantity
Quality
Both
180.
Stressors in the environment of noise and heat will cause
a total loss of attention
no loss of attention
a loss of attention and a distraction
1.
decrease the quality of sleep

Comment/Reference: Alcohol has no beneficial qualities (as far as work and sleep is concerned anyway).
2.
circadian rhythms
3.
a temporary increase in the ability to sustain vigilance and increased alertness

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3 ('Pep' pills)
4.
decreased ability to detect defects during aircraft maintenance

5.
when the body temperature is at its lowest

6.
someone else's responsibility

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.2.6 One defence strategy of a person under stress is to avoid
additional stressors, by (for example) shifting responsibility.
7.
melatonin
Comment/Reference: Melatonin is mentioned in CAP 715, Ch.4 Para.6.4.4 (even though the section is a
transcript from AWN47).
8.
both
Comment/Reference:
9.
Both
Comment/Reference:
10.
a loss of attention and a distraction

Questions 181 190
181.
When going from day shift to night shift, efficiency
stays the same
will drop off in the first four weeks
will drop off after the first four weeks
182.
When working on aircraft, the consumption of alcohol
you cannot work on aircraft even 8 hours after consuming large quantities of alcohol
is permissible providing the drink driving limit is not exceeded
a certain amount is permissible
183.
Drinking 3 - 4 units of alcohol before sleeping results in
loss of non-REM sleep
loss of quality sleep
a drop in body temperature
184.
What effect does alcohol have on sleep?
Decreases quantity of sleep
Both
Decreases quality of sleep
185.
Narrowing of attention occurs in states of
high arousal
optimum arousal
low arousal
186.
Hypoxia can
cause a person to slip into a coma if they are not quickly warmed up again
improve the night vision of the cones of the eyes
impair the sensitivity of the rods and hence have a detrimental effect on eyesight
187.
You are taking prescribed drugs.
Do not carry out aircraft maintenance
Carry on working, as long as you know the primary and secondary side effects
Carry on as normal
188.
Which of the following is an acceptable substance, with regard to aircraft maintenance?
Penicillin
Caffeine
Beta Blockers
189.
Circadian Rhythms have a cycle of
24 Hours
23 Hours
25 Hours
190.
Which of the following statements is true regarding human performance?
Human performance is better with less stress, and in the morning
Human performance is better with less stress, irrespective of the time of day
Human performance is better with less stress, and in the afternoon
1.
will drop off in the first four weeks

Comment/Reference:
2.
you cannot work on aircraft even 8 hours after consuming large quantities of alcohol
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.2 (1/2 drink-drive limit) and Para.6.3.3
3.
loss of quality sleep

Comment/Reference:
4.
Both
Comment/Reference:
5.
high arousal
6.
impair the sensitivity of the rods and hence have a detrimental effect on eyesight
7.
Carry on working, as long as you know the primary and secondary side effects
8.
Caffeine
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.4 Para.6.4.3 'Pep' pills and AWN 47
9.
25 Hours
10.
Human performance is better with less stress, and in the afternoon

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch 4 para.5.2.3
Questions 191 200

191.
After drinking alcohol, absorption is dependant on
age
weight
time
192.
An engineer has a body mass index of 28. This would normally be classed as
underweight with no real risk of developing health problems
a healthy weight with no real risk of developing health problems
overweight and at a risk of developing health problems
193.
One unit of alcohol is equivalent to
two pints of beer
one pint of beer
half a pint of beer
194.
If an average adult has consumed the equivalent of four units of alcohol, how long will it take for this level to
drop to two units
eight hours
two hours
four hours
195.
How many stages of sleep are there?
196.
REM sleep can also be referred to as
paranormal sleep
paradoxical sleep
slow wave sleep
197.
The presence of something damaging to ones health would be an example of a
psychological stressor
reactive stressor
physical stressor
198.
Aircraft engineers can take common sense steps to maintain their fitness and health. These are known as
positive self-improvement
positive measures
self-improvement measures
199.
The amount of stress experienced with a particular task is dependent on
the perceived demand and perceived ability
the actual demand and actual ability
the perceived demand and actual ability
200.
To minimise the chances of heart disease, it is recommended that a minimum amount of exercise should be
5 times a week with the heart rate doubling the normal rate for at least 20 minutes
once a day for thirty minutes
1.
time
Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.R Para.1.1
2.
overweight and at a risk of developing health problems

Comment/Reference: Good BMI is 17 - 22 (men). 28 is considerably overweight. See External website... for
more details
3.
half a pint of beer

Comment/Reference: IAS Fact Sheet Pg.1
4.
two hours
Comment/Reference: IAS Fact Sheet Pg.4
5.
5
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 chapter 4 page 11
6.
paradoxical sleep
7.
physical stressor
8.
positive measures
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 chapter 4 page 3 1.6 Positive Measures
9.
the perceived demand and perceived ability

10.
Questions 201 210

201.
Long shift work will
increase your diagnostic and maintenance ability
initially decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability but then you will get used to it
decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability
202.
Phase 3 and 4 sleep
can be induced by alcohol
is most beneficial for the bodies recovery
occurs only once per sleep cycle
203.
Clinical insomnia can be caused by
a change of environment
jet lag
caffeine
204.
The normal recovery for Circadian dysrhythmia is
at a rate 2.5 hours a day
at a rate 2 hours a day
205.
When comparing noise levels on Human Performance
noise has no effect on the number of errors or the speed of performance of an individual
noise is directly proportional to the number of errors and the speed of performance of an individual
an individual can find noise levels annoying but still perform well indefinitely
206.
Environmental stresses are
not normally cumulative
caused by noise, fumes, heat and vibration
tolerated by everyone equally
207.
Employers must provide their employees with personal ear protectors if the noise level reaches
85 dB
70 dB
60 dB
208.
The maximum allowable noise dose is
85 dB
any combination of noise and time which exceeds 90 dB TWA
90 dB for 24 hours
209.
'Environmental capture' is a type of error possible when an engineer does the same job repeatedly
but on different types of aircraft
in a short timescale
on the same type of aircraft
210.
In the UK, an air-side ramp vehicle driver is most likely to go deaf in
both ears
the right ear
the left ear
1.
decrease your diagnostic and maintenance ability

Comment/Reference:
2.
is most beneficial for the bodies recovery

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch 4 para 5.1.3
3.
caffeine
Comment/Reference:
4.

Comment/Reference: 1 day per time zone is quoted here
5.
noise is directly proportional to the number of errors and the speed of performance of an individual
6.
caused by noise, fumes, heat and vibration

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch. 5 & Ch.4 Para.2.3.2.
7.
85 dB
8.
any combination of noise and time which exceeds 90 dB TWA

9.
on the same type of aircraft

10.
the right ear

Comment/Reference: Because he usually has the window open
Questions 211 220

211.
Up to what proximity to an aircraft with engines running is the use of ear protection recommended for
maintenance personnel?
200 - 300 metres
2 - 3 metres
20 - 30 metres
212.
Studies have shown that working outside in a temperature of 55F will have what effect on hand dexterity?
Around 50%
Very slight
None
213.
When working with bright lights consideration should be given to
shadows
blurred image
glare
214.
Which of the following is true?
Noise affects the standard of work proportionately with the level of the noise
Noise does affect the standard of work with certain people
Noise does not affect a person's standard of work
215.
The effect on an engineer of environmental noise is
it decreases concentration and quality of work
it has no affect on concentration of quality of work
it improves concentration and quality of work
216.
Excess noise in a working environment can
not affect performance
raise resistance to other stresses
lower resistance to other stresses
217.
If the temperature is - 15C and you are working on the line, you should
stop all maintenance until the weather improves
rotate engineers regularly and have a supervisor keep an eye on them
carry on regardless of the weather to keep the aircraft flying
218.
Studies have shown that working outside in a temperature of 55F will have what effect on hand dexterity?
Around 50% reduction
Very slight reduction
None
219.
Cold stress can be influenced by
insufficient vitamins in the diet
the wind chill factor
a drop in body temperature
220.
Environmental stresses in an extreme high temperature and noisy environment causes
no loss of attention or distraction
attention to be disturbed and distributed
total loss of attention
1.
200 - 300 metres

2.
Around 50%
Comment/Reference: Daanen H. Deterioration of manual
performance in cold and windy climates. AGARD Conference Proceedings 540 The support of air operations
under extreme hot and cold weather conditions 1993 May. Nato; 1993. p. 1-10
3.
glare
4.
Noise does affect the standard of work with certain people

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.2 Para.3.6.2 and CAP 716 App.K Para.5.2
5.
it decreases concentration and quality of work

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.K Para.5
6.
lower resistance to other stresses

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.K Para 5.5
7.
stop all maintenance until the weather improves

Comment/Reference: JAR 145 AMC 145.25(c) and CP 715 Ch.5 Para.4.4
8.
Around 50% reduction

Comment/Reference: So studies have shown - but you won't find it in either CAP 715 or 716
9.
the wind chill factor

Comment/Reference: Contributory factors of cold stress are temperature, wind speed and wetness.
10.
attention to be disturbed and distributed

Questions 221 230

221.
Which of the following environments is best suited to aircraft maintenance?
Working outside, at night, in the rain
Working outside, in the direct midday sun
Working inside in a well lit, comfortable hangar
222.
Intense or loud noise
may lead to fatigue
will have no physiological effects
increases stimulation
223.
Facility lighting in a hangar should be
no brighter than 10 lux
provided by fixed light units giving light to shadow ratio of 3:1
portable so that individual tasks may be well lit
224.
When tasks are being designed, the maximum mass an engineer should lift is
32 kg
50 kg
23 kg
225.
Sensing and perception errors are most likely to result from
poor lighting or noise
lack of adequate training
distraction of other engineers
226.
Task lighting in a hangar is mainly
provided by fixed lighting
provided by fluorescent tubes
227.
When someone is working in an enclosed space, a supervisor should stand outside the exit. This is to ensure
the job is done in accordance with the Maintenance Manual
that the trades-person is advised and instructed
that there is communication between the extra supervisor and the tradesman, to ensure safety at all times
228.
The most difficult type of ice to detect, by the ground crew is
pack ice
glaze ice
surface ice
229.
To perform a visual inspection efficiently, what is the best condition set?
Temperature, light and accessibility
Torch, mirror and steps
Temperature, light and quality equipment
230.
When inspecting an airframe structure for small cracks, to avoid a crack being missed you should
hold the vision stationary for several seconds on each area to allow the eye to focus correctly.
constantly move the eye across and around the area of interest to avoid the crack falling into the eye's
natural blind spot.
not use a mirror as mirrors absorb and refract light and may obscure a crack
1.
Working inside in a well lit, comfortable hangar

Comment/Reference:
2.
may lead to fatigue

3.
provided by fixed light units giving light to shadow ratio of 3:1

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 Appendix L Para.2.2.3 (although no reference can be found for the 3 to 1 bit)
4.
23 kg
Comment/Reference: 23 kg or 50 lbs
5.
poor lighting or noise

Comment/Reference: Sensing and perception are 2 stages in the Information Processing Model (CAP 715 Ch.2
Para.4.1) and affected by lighting and noise.
6.

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.5 Para.3.2 and 3.3
7.
that there is communication between the extra supervisor and the tradesman, to ensure safety at all times
Comment/Reference:
8.
glaze ice
Comment/Reference:
9.
Temperature, light and accessibility

Comment/Reference:
10.
constantly move the eye across and around the area of interest to avoid the crack falling into the eye's natural
blind spot
Questions 231 240

231.
When a person moves from a poorly lit area to a well lit area, what is the minimum time they should allow for
the eyes to adapt?
7 seconds
7 minutes
30 seconds
232.
Itemized checklists should be dealt with
in any order, provided all steps are completed
item by item, in order, to cover every step diligently
as memorized
233.
The main disadvantage of carrying out critical inspections under very bright artificial light is
filtered light
glare
shadows
234.
When carrying out a visual inspection, an engineer is likely to make a parallax error when
using precision measuring instruments such as a vernier gauge or AVO meter
viewing internal details with a borescope
inspecting a component using a 5x or 10x magnifying glass
235.
When describing tasks, the term 'complex system' refers to a task
involving fault finding
which involve decision making rather than practical work
which may be broken down into many steps
236.
A good scan is best achieved by
a steady sweep of the eyes
frequent and small eye movement
quartering the area
237.
During visual scanning the eye movement should be
small and infrequent
small and frequent
large and frequent
238.
What constitutes a good work handover?
A written documentation of the work done
A written and verbal account of the work done
A verbal account of the work done
239.
A good shift handover should include details of
tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks to
be carried out and general company and technical information.
tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks to
be carried out and tools required to carry out the tasks.
tasks that have been completed; persons who carried out the tasks; tasks to be carried out and general
company and technical information.
240.
Technical communication between two engineers can go wrong if
the recipient uses body language to provide feedback to the sender.
the sender uses a sketch to augment the information transmittal.
the recipient makes an assumption of the meaning of the information being transmitted.
1.
7 minutes
2.
item by item, in order, to cover every step diligently

Comment/Reference: Closest reference found to this is CAP 715 Ch.6 Para.4.5
3.
glare
4.
using precision measuring instruments such as a vernier gauge or AVO meter

Comment/Reference: Parallax = 'The apparent displacement of an object as seen from two different points that
are not on a line with the object'
5.
which may be broken down into many steps

Comment/Reference: Complex means 'more than one'.
6.
frequent and small eye movement

7.
small and frequent

8.
A written and verbal account of the work done

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.9 Para.1.4.
9.
tasks that have been completed; tasks in progress, their status, any problems encountered etc.; tasks to be
carried out and general company and technical information.
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.7 Para.1.5.1 and CAP 716 App.M Para.3.7.3
10.
the recipient makes an assumption of the meaning of the information being transmitted
Questions 241 250

241.
A good practice for a shift handover is for shifts to be specifically rostered so there is an overlap of
5 - 10 minutes
2 - 3 hours
20 - 30 minutes
242.
'Asynchronous' communication includes
immediate voice communication by radio link
technical manuals, memos, Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives
face-to-face communications
243.
The best type of handover is
when written instructions are given by the engineer finishing his shift to the engineer just beginning a shift.
the use of handover logs and a brief by the shift supervisor
when each individual gets a personal handover of the job
244.
The most effective form of communication is
verbal communication
explicit communication
written communication
245.
To establish a reliable means of communication between teams
detailed verbal communication is the most effective method
change-over logs and verbal communication are essential
a detailed written handover is the most effective method
246.
An effective shift handover will comprise of
the shift supervisor informing personnel of all ongoing work
the outgoing and incoming personnel individually handing over ongoing tasks
handing over ongoing tasks in a designated area
247.
What is the most important means of communication in aircraft maintenance engineering?
Written
Implicit
Verbal
248.
The most effective form of communication is
written communication
implicit communication
Little black books are
a good time saving device for an engineer
permissible as long as the information stored is from an approved source
not to be used as information stored may be out of date
249.
250.
If you are given a task that you are unsure of you should
ask someone who has done it before
consult the appropriate approved data
consult type course notes
1.
20 - 30 minutes
2.
technical manuals, memos, Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives

Comment/Reference:
3.
the use of handover logs and a brief by the shift supervisor

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 Ch.9 Para.1.4 and App.M Para.4 and AWN 3 Para.1.4
4.
explicit communication
Comment/Reference:
5.
change-over logs and verbal communication are essential

6.
handing over ongoing tasks in a designated area

Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App.M Para 3.7.4 & CAP715 Ch.7 Para.1.5.2
7.
Written
Comment/Reference: CAP 716 App T Para 1
8.
Comment/Reference: Interrogation and confirmation can be used in verbal communication to ensure that the
receiver has understood. 'Implicit communication' is implied (non-verbal) communication and is open to
interpretation and errors.
9.
not to be used as information stored may be out of date

Comment/Reference:
10.
consult the appropriate approved data

Comment/Reference:
Questions 251 260

251.
A shift hand-over is where
each individual person hands over their work
a shift supervisor hands the work over to a complete shift
the work done is written down by a company organization
252.
The alerting system for an important system failure should be
a dolls-eye indicator
a flashing visual signal, preferably red
an aural warning
253.
Failures caused by those in direct contact with the system are described as
routine failures
latent failures
active failures
254.
If, during a ground-run, the engine catches fire, and the technician carries out the fire drill, this is
knowledge based action
skill based action
rule based action
255.
A maintenance Error Management System (MEMS) is used to
process Mandatory Occurrence Reports (MORs) only
investigate reports on all incidents and accidents
investigate Confidential Human Incident Reports (CHIRP) only
256.
A wrongly set torque wrench would most likely produce a
Type 1 error
constant error
variable error
257.
The biggest risk of error associated with using checklists is that
they can invoke automatic responses
they can be misread
the user may be distracted
258.
Skill-based behaviour is associated with
rules
experience
motor programmes
259.
When carrying out a cockpit drill in response to an engine fire warning you are using
rule-based behaviour
knowledge-based behaviour
skill-based behaviour
260. A maintenance Error Management System (MEMS) is used

to
process Mandatory Occurrence Reports (MORs) only
investigate Confidential Human Incident Reports (CHIRP) only
1.
a shift supervisor hands the work over to a complete shift

Comment/Reference:
2.
an aural warning
Comment/Reference:
3.
active failures
Comment/Reference:
4.
rule based action

Comment/Reference:
5.

Comment/Reference:
6.
constant error
Comment/Reference:
7.
they can invoke automatic responses

Comment/Reference:
8.
motor programmes
Comment/Reference:
9.
rule-based behaviour
Comment/Reference:
10.

Comment/Reference:
Questions 261 270

261.
The SHEL model of human factors takes into account
Software, hardware, efficiency and liveware
Software, hardware, environment and liveware
Software, hardware, environment and location
262.
What part of the SHEL model would the writing and interpretation of maintenance manuals fit into?
Software
Environment
Hardware
263.
The 'error chain' theory refers to
a chain of errors within an organizations can be investigated, and similar errors prevented by determining
a common link between them.
errors are caused by a chain of linked events, and the breaking of one link in the chain will prevent the
error.
a company is only as good as its weakest employee or employees, and removal of that/those employee
from the chain should prevent errors.
264.
What part of the SHEL model would the aircraft design fit into?
Hardware
Environment
Liveware
265.
Which part of the SHEL model is most difficult to protect from errors by 'designing out' or to 'work around'?
Liveware
Environment
Software
266.
A violation in an aircraft maintenance procedure
is usually carried out with the best intentions from a genuine desire to 'get the job done'
is always considered an act of vandalism or sabotage
is always carried out to satisfy some personal need, often unrelated to the actual task
267.
Which type of human error is easiest to correct?
Constant error
Reversible error
Variable error
268.
In the 'slips, lapses and mistakes' definition of errors, forgetting to replace an engine cowling would be
considered a
Lapse
Mistake
slip
269.
In the 'slips, lapses and mistakes' definition of errors, a mistake would typically occur at the
execution stage
storage (memory) stage
planning stage
270.
On a task that is complex, an engineer uses his own procedures due to pressure. This is legally termed
violation
modification
initiative
1.
Software, hardware, environment and liveware

2.
Software
3.
errors are caused by a chain of linked events, and the breaking of one link in the chain will prevent the error
4.
Hardware
5.
Liveware
6.
is usually carried out with the best intentions from a genuine desire to 'get the job done'
7.
Constant error
8.
lapse
9.
planning stage
10.
violation
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.2.4 and Para.1.4.5
Questions 271 280
271.
Visual inspection by an 'experienced' maintenance engineer is
knowledge and rule base behaviour
skill and knowledge based behaviour
skill and rule based behaviour
272.
Troubleshooting is
skill based
rule based
knowledge based
273.
A violation is
a deliberate departure from the rules
an unintentional error
an intentional act of sabotage
274.
A mistake is
a deliberate departure from the rules
an intentional act of sabotage
275.
Whilst working on an aircraft a spanner placed on the wing surface is kicked off and subsequently falls into an
open engine cowl, breaking off a sensor connector. This is an example of
Murphy's law
a skill based error
a punishable occurrence
276.
An experienced engineer fits the wrong seal during a

routine component change. This is
skill based
knowledge based
rule based
277.
An engineer is working on a wing and kicks a spanner off into an engine cowl and breaks a sensor. This is
skill based error
rule based error
knowledge based error
278.
The difference between a mistake and a violation is
a mistake is less serious than a violation
a violation is not deliberate
a mistake is unintentional and a violation is deliberate

An engineer finds his own method of doing a repetitive job.
He should hand it on to his junior colleagues
He should be commended for his resourcefulness
He is in regular violation
279.
280.
An experienced engineer is fitting a valve. A required seal is not fitted. What type of error is this?
Skill based
Knowledge based
Rule based
1.
knowledge and rule base behaviour

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.5.1 and Ch.6 Para.3.4
2.
rule based
3.
a deliberate departure from the rules Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.8 Para.1.4.5
4.
5.
a skill based error

Comment/Reference: A Skill based error are errors associated with 'intrinsic variability of force, space or time
coordination' (Human Error, James Reason pg.43).
6.
rule based
Comment/Reference: Using the IPC is a rule based behaviour.
7.
skill based error

Comment/Reference: A skill based error (slip) is an error in force, space or time coordination (Reason, Human
Error pg 43).
8.
a mistake is unintentional and a violation is

deliberate
9.
He is in regular violation
10.
Rule based
Comment/Reference: This is a rule based error. In Rule Base errors are typically associated with
misclassification of situations leading to the application of the wrong rule or with the incorrect recall of
procedures. (Reason, Human Error pg 43)
Questions 281 290

281.
The hub of the SHEL model of human factors is

Hardware
environment
liveware
A type 1 visual inspection error occurs when

a faulty item is missed
a duplicate inspection is not carried out
a good item is incorrectly identified as faulty
What is the difference between error and violation?

No difference
Violation is deliberate, error is not
Error is deliberate, violation is not
What is a latent failure?

Receiving bad instruction from a manager who is out of touch with maintenance
A failure which could not have been predicted
A mistake that has already been made, but has not yet caused an accident
What happens when you break the 'chain of error'?

Accident happens
Pilot submits report within 72 hours
Accident does not happen
If an engineer forgets to fit a seal to an engine

drain plug, he or she has
made an error of commission
committed a violation
made an error of omission
An engineer is performing a task in less than ideal conditions in order to meet an operational deadline is
committing a situational violation
committed a routine error
making a rule based slip
An engineer who has developed his or her own method of performing a complex task
is performing a rule based behaviour
should be commended for his/her resourcefulness
is violating on a regular basis
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
Error tolerance in maintenance progress refers to
ability of a system to remain functional after a maintenance error

process of eliminating the contributing factors to error
performance of tasks specifically designed to identify errors during a maintenance task
Duty of care for health and safety of people at work rests with
employers and employees
employers only
the Health and Safety Executive
290.
1.
liveware
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 Ch.1 Para. 1.5
2.
a good item is incorrectly identified as faulty

3.
Violation is deliberate, error is not

4.
A mistake that has already been made, but has not yet caused an accident
5.
Accident does not happen

6.
made an error of omission

7.
committing a situational violation

8.
is violating on a regular basis

9.
ability of a system to remain functional after a maintenance error

Comment/Reference: Human Error by James Reason. (Error Tolerant systems)
10.
employers and employees

Comment/Reference:
Questions 291 300
291.
When dealing with an emergency, the first priority is to protect
others only
building and equipment
yourself and others
292.
The three basic steps in dealing with an emergency are
summon assistance, assess and then make safe
make safe, summon assistance and then assess
assess, make safe and then summon assistance
293.
Hazards found in the workplace are the result of unsafe
environmental conditions only
human conditions only
human and environmental conditions
294.
When evacuating casualties you would first move
fatalities
walking wounded
the most seriously wounded if incapacitated
295.
Engineers often work on raised platforms, ladders etc. What dangers can this contribute to?
Staging may be made of wood
Two workers may be carrying out maintenance on the same lift
Ladder may slip and worker falls
296.
Risk assessment and management is
reduction of risks to a tolerable standard and monitoring the situation
the investigation of risks and totally removing them and the monitoring of new work practices
choosing a cheaper supplier or manufacturer for parts
297.
When carrying out a risk assessment
it is necessary to identify where equipment/procedures might fail
a hard hat should be worn
an investigation is made to determine what caused an accident or incident
298.
The long term memory can be classified as two types, 'Semantic' and 'Episodic'. How do these compare?
'Semantic' is less accurate and longer lasting than 'Episodic'
'Semantic' is more accurate and longer lasting than 'Episodic'
'Episodic' is more accurate and longer lasting than 'Semantic'
299.
What is the most common cause of long or short sightedness?
Stiffening of the lens with age
Stiffening of the cornea with age
Shape of the eye ball
300.
Stress
improves performance
has an adverse affect on our ability
can have a positive effect on ability
1.
yourself and others

Comment/Reference:
2.
assess, make safe and then summon assistance

Comment/Reference:
3.
human and environmental conditions

Comment/Reference:
4.
walking wounded
Comment/Reference:
5.
Ladder may slip and worker falls

6.
reduction of risks to a tolerable standard and monitoring the situation

Comment/Reference:
7.
it is necessary to identify where equipment/procedures might fail

Comment/Reference:
8.
'Semantic' is more accurate and longer lasting than 'Episodic'

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 ch2 para 4.5.8
9.
Shape of the eye ball

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 ch2 para 2.7.1 / para 2.7.2
10.
can have a positive effect on ability

Comment/Reference: CAP 715 ch4 para 2.4.1
Questions 301 302
301.
The relative stimulation and responses of the brain to stimuli from the senses varies. Which of the following are
true?
Visual stimuli attract attention faster then auditory, but result in a more accurate response
Visual stimuli attract attention faster than auditory, but results in less accurate response
Visual stimuli attract attention slower than auditory, but results in a more accurate response
302.
Our model of the world is based upon,
sensual perception only
past experience only
sensual perception and past experience
1.
Visual stimuli attract attention slower than auditory, but results in a more accurate response
Comment/Reference: CAP 715 ch2 para 4.2
2.
sensual perception and past experience

Comment/Reference: www.integritynlp.co.uk/2007/07/09/model-of-the-world/
Last Updated 14SEP07

Human Factors: Questions & Answers (CAP 715 & 716)

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Human Factors: Questions & Answers (CAP 715 & 716)

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HUMAN FACTORS

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Accidents and engineering faults are

significant and increasing

insignificant and increasing

insignificant and decreasing

Murphy's law is perpetuated mainly by

poor aircraft design

Murphy's law can be regarded as the notion

'If something can go wrong, it will'

'It can never happen to me'

'If something goes wrong I am certain to get the blame

A company's safety policy should be defined in

the Maintenance Schedule

the Maintenance Organization Exposition

Which of the following is least associated with the

Health and Safety

The incident where a 737 lost oil from both engines is

would be a direct result of human error

can be considered an acceptable probability

can be expected to happen statistically due to the number of aircraft in service

What do you do when someone is hypothermic?

Give them a drink because of dehydration

Feed them sweet things because of their diabetes

The percentage of accidents attributable to aircraft

now less significant due to more advanced maintenance practices

significant and rising

now less significant due to the introduction of more sophisticated aircraft

Answers for Questions 1 10

significant and increasing

'If something can go wrong, it will'

the Maintenance Organization Exposition

Health and Safety

would be a direct result of human error

significant and rising

Both warning indications were faulty, due to crossed connections

The boroscope inspection had been inadequate

What is the most common cause of in-flight engine shutdown?

Foreign object damage

Improper fault isolation, inspection or test

Most engineering related incidents are due to

installing dirty connectors

installing worn or old components

installing components incorrectly

What causes the most aircraft accidents?

Misunderstanding between ATC and pilot on approach

What is meant by a 'mind set'?

You have preconceived ideas about something

You are unsure of a situation

You are unwilling to change your mind about something

70 - 80% of the total focusing ability of the eye is

At what distance should a person without hearing

A perforated ear drum could occur if

you were subjected to intermittent noise above 25 kHz

you were subjected to continuous noise below 8 kHz

you blew your nose excessively

What is white finger?

A skin disorder caused by extensive contact with oils and solvents

Answers for Questions 11 20

installing components incorrectly

You are unwilling to change your mind about something

you were subjected to continuous noise below 8 kHz

provide instructions to the tradesman