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Introducere Introduction 2014
Introducere Introduction 2014
Introducere
Introduction
(RTS)
Prerequisites
Basic programming
Software engineering
Discrete event systems
Formal or non-formal
approach?
Cours Grade:
The grade for the midterm exam (M);
The grade for the final exam (F);
Laboratory verification (L)
N=0.33M+0.33F+ 0.33L
Condition to obtain the credits : N>=5; M>=5; F>=5
M??? N= 0.66F + 0.33L
Cuprins C1 Contents C1
1. Introducere Introduction
a. Paradigme Paradigms
b. Definiii de baz Basic definitions
c. Control de T-R Real-time control
i. Tipuri de sisteme de control de T-R - Types of R-T control systems
1. Sisteme nglobate Embedded systems
2. Sisteme de control industriale - Industrial control systems
ii. Caracteristicile sistemelor de control nglobate - Embedded control
characteristics
d. Caractersiticile STR RTS characteristics
e. Parametrii temporali Temporal parameters
i. Temporizri nedeterministe - Non-deterministic timing
ii. Evenimente Events
iii. Variante de implementare a controlului - Types of control
implementations
Tiberiu Leia: Sisteme de T-R/ Real-Time Systems Introducere/Introduction - 2014
a. Paradigme - Paradigms
Sisteme de prelucrare -
Processing systems:
Sequential programming
Programare paralel -
Parallel programming:
Concurrent tasks
Threads of execution
Distributed programming
Concurrent programming
Pervasive computing
The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to
everyday devices with embedded technology and connectivity as computing
devices become progressively smaller and more powerful. Also called
ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing is the result of computer
technology advancing at exponential speeds -- a trend toward all man-made
and some natural products having hardware and software.
Pervasive computing goes beyond the realm of personal computers: it is the
idea that almost any device, can be imbedded with chips to connect the
device to an infinite network of other devices. The goal of pervasive
computing, which combines current network technologies with wireless
computing, voice recognition, Internet capability and artificial intelligence,
is to create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded
in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.
Tiberiu Leia: Sisteme de T-R/ Real-Time Systems Introducere/Introduction - 2014
P2
P1 Control Computer P2 P1
P3
User
P2
Power Unit
P2
Actuators
Sensors, transducers
Source:Wikipedia
In computer science, real-time computing (RToC) is the study of hardware and software systems
which are subject to a real-time constrainti.e., operational deadlines from event to system
response.
A non-real-time system is one for which there is no deadline specified and verified, even if fast
response or high performance is desired or even preferred.
The needs of real-time software are often addressed in the context of real-time operating systems,
and synchronous programming languages, which provide frameworks on which to build real-time
application software.
A real time system may be one where its application can be considered (within context) to be
mission critical.
Embedded systems
An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform dedicated
functions with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a
complete device, which often includes hardware and mechanical parts.
Source: I3E
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Tipuri de STR -
Types of RTSs:
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Control
Engineering
Real-Time
Systems
Computer
Engineering
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Tipuri -
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Caracteristici 2 - Eficien cu resurse limitate - Eficiena dimensiunii codului - Eficiena n timpului execuiei - Eficiena utilizrii energiei - Eficienta greutii i dimensiunii - Eficiena costului - ncredere n operarea autonom - ncredere - Disponibilitate - Siguran - Securitate - ntreinere --
It is known that approximately 98% of all processors produced are used in embedded
applications.
There are more than 16 billion embedded devices employed by 2010.
The value added to the final product by embedded software is much higher than the cost of the
embedded device itself.
Source: I3E
Tiberiu Leia: Sisteme de T-R/ Real-Time Systems Introducere/Introduction - 2014
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nereversibilitate -- non-reversible
cerine temporale -- timing requirements
deterministe i predictibile -- must be deterministic and predictable
timpi de rspuns n cazul cel mai defavorabil n loc de durata medie -- worst-case response
times of interest rather than average-case response times
mari i complexe -- large and complex
distribuite -- distributed
interaciune strns cu hardware --- tight interaction with hardware
critice d.p.d.v. al siguranei -- safety critical
dependente de timpul de execuie -- execution is time dependent
testarea dificil -- testing is difficult
operarea pe perioade mari de timp -- operating over long time periods
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timp
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Temporizri nedeterministe --
Non-Deterministic Timing:
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Evenimente ---
Events:
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