Pluralul substantivelor

prezentare

 La

plural, substantivele primesc de regula

terminatia -s.

flower flowers; book books; cow cows

Fac

exceptie substantivele terminate in:

-s, -z, -x, -ch, -sh, care primesc terminatia
-es.
Bus buses; box boxes; bench benches;
Brush brushes; buzz- buzzes

Observatie

Substantivele

terminate in -o fac pluralul in

doua moduri, in functie de vechimea pe care o
au in fondul limbii engleze.
Cele vechi primesc terminatia -es: potato
potatoes; tomato tomatoes.
Cele mai noi, precum si cele terminate in -o
precedat de vocala, au terminatia -s: piano
pianos; radio radios; mosquito mosquitos.

Reguli de ortografiere la adaugarea terminatiei -s

1. Substantivele terminate in -y precedat de o
consoana transforma -y in -ie:
Family families; country countries
2. Substantivele terminate in -f si -fe le transforma in
-ves la plural:
Leaf leaves; wife wives; knife knives; life - lives;
shelf - shelves
Exceptii: roof roofs, handkerchief - handkerchiefs; cliff
cliffs

Substantive cu plural neregulat

Man men (policeman policemen etc.)

Woman women (policewoman policewomen etc.)
Child children
Mouse mice
Ox oxen
Tooth teeth
Goose - geese
Foot feet
Die - dice

Substantive de origine greaca

Cele
Axis

terminate in -sis fac pluralul in -ses

axes (axa axe)

Crisis crises (criza crize)
Basis bases (baza baze)
Oasis oases (oaza oaze)
etc.

Alte substantive de origine greaca

Phenomenon

phenomena (fenomen

fenomene)
Criterion

criteria (criteriu criterii)

Substantive cu aceeasi forma la singular si plural

Fish

fish
Fruit - fruit
Sheep sheep
Deer deer
etc.

Substantive nenumarabile
La

fel ca in limba romana, substantivele de

tipul urmator (lichide, solide, notiuni
abstracte) sunt considerate nenumarabile:

Water,

coffee, silver, iron, happiness, joy etc.

Alte substantive nenumarabile

Pe langa cele mentionate, mai exista si alte

substantive care in romana sunt numarabile, insa in
engleza nu.

Bread => a loaf of bread (o franzela , o paine); two

loaves of bread (doua paini)
Chocolate => a bar of chocolate (o ciocolata); three
bars of chocolate ( trei ciocolate)

Alte substantive nenumarabile

News

=> an item/a piece of news (o stire),

two items/pieces of news (doua stiri);
Lightening => a flesh of lightening (un fulger);
Furniture => a piece of furniture (o mobila);
Advice => a piece of advice (un sfat)
Soap => a cake of soap ( un sapun), two
cakes of soap (doua sapunuri);
Money = bani

Atentie!
Substantivele

nenumarabile se acorda cu
verbul la singular si nu admit numerale in
fata lor!
The news is good.
GRESIT: I have a good news.
Your money is here.
GRESIT : Your money are here.